| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Petersen, M. W., et al.
(författare)
-
Untargeted antifungal therapy in adult patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection : A systematic review
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172. ; 62:1, s. 6-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Systematic reviews comparing untargeted antifungal treatment with placebo or no treatment in critically ill patients have provided conflicting results. We aimed to assess patient-important benefits and harms of untargeted antifungal therapy vs. placebo or no treatment in adult patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection. Methods: We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised clinical trials assessing untargeted antifungal therapy compared to placebo or no treatment in adults with complicated intra-abdominal infection. We used the Cochrane and GRADE methodologies and exclusively assessed patient-important outcomes. Two independent authors screened trials for eligibility, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We performed conventional meta-analyses, including sensitivity and subgroup analyses, and trial sequential analysis to assess the risk of random errors and to estimate trial sequential analysis adjusted confidence intervals. Results: We included six trials (1,067 patients) in the review, and four trials reported data on the predefined outcome measures and were included in the meta-analysis. Three of the four trials had high risk of bias. We observed no statistically significant difference in mortality (relative risk 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.24-1.39) or in any of the other patient-important outcomes between untargeted antifungal treatment and placebo or no treatment (low/very low quality of evidence). Trial sequential analysis demonstrated lack of data and high risk of random errors. Conclusions: The quantity and quality of evidence supporting untargeted antifungal treatment in adult patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection are low to very low with no firm evidence for benefit or harm.
|
|
| 3. |
- De La Garza, Randolph Glenn, et al.
(författare)
-
An ancestral hard-shelled sea turtle with a mosaic of soft skin and scutes
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition from terrestrial to marine environments by secondarily aquatic tetrapods necessitates a suite of adaptive changes associated with life in the sea, e.g., the scaleless skin in adult individuals of the extant leatherback turtle. A partial, yet exceptionally preserved hard-shelled (Pan-Cheloniidae) sea turtle with extensive soft-tissue remains, including epidermal scutes and a virtually complete flipper outline, was recently recovered from the Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark. Examination of the fossilized limb tissue revealed an originally soft, wrinkly skin devoid of scales, together with organic residues that contain remnant eumelanin pigment and inferred epidermal transformation products. Notably, this stem cheloniid—unlike its scaly living descendants—combined scaleless limbs with a bony carapace covered in scutes. Our findings show that the adaptive transition to neritic waters by the ancestral pan-chelonioids was more complex than hitherto appreciated, and included at least one evolutionary lineage with a mosaic of integumental features not seen in any living turtle. © 2022, The Author(s).
|
|
| 4. |
- Gunnarsson, Anders, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Spatial-resolution limits in mass spectrometry imaging of supported lipid bilayers and individual lipid vesicles
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 82:6, s. 2426-2433
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The capabilities of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) with regards to limits in lateral resolution for biological samples are examined using supported lipid bilayers and individual lipid vesicles, both being among the most commonly used cell membrane mimics. Using supported 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayers confined to a SiO2 substrate by a chemically modified gold surface, the edge of the lipid bilayer was analyzed by imaging TOFSIMS to assess the lateral resolution. The results using 80 keV Bi32+ primary ions show that, under optimized conditions, mass spectrometry imaging of specific unlabeled lipid fragments is possible with sub-100 nm lateral resolution. Comparison of the secondary ion yields for the phosphocholine ion (m/z 184) from a POPC bilayer using C60+ or Bi3+ primary ions showed similar results, indicating an advantage of Bi3+ primary ions for high-resolution imaging of lipid membranes, due to their better demonstrated focusing capability. Moreover, using 300 nm vesicles of different lipid composition, the capability to detect and chemically identify individual submicrometer lipid vesicles at separations down to ~ 1 μm is demonstrated.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hedenström, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Pretreatment Tumor DNA Sequencing of KIT and PDGFRA in Endosonography-Guided Biopsies Optimizes the Preoperative Management of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1177-1062 .- 1179-2000.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Neoadjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy increases the chance of organ-preserving, radical resection in selected patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). We aimed to evaluate systematic, immediate DNA sequencing of KIT and PDGFRA in pretreatment GIST tissue to guide neoadjuvant TKI therapy and optimize preoperative tumor response. Methods All patients who were candidates for neoadjuvant therapy of a suspected GIST [the study cohort (SC)] were prospectively included from January 2014 to March 2018. Patients were subjected to pretreatment endosonography-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) or transabdominal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy (TUS-NB), followed by immediate tumor DNA sequencing (< 2 weeks). A historic (2006-2013) reference cohort (RC) underwent work-up without sequencing before neoadjuvant imatinib (n = 42). The rate of optimal neoadjuvant therapy (Therapy(OPTIMAL)) was calculated, and the induced tumor size reduction (Tumor Regression(MAX), %) was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scan. Results The success rate of pretreatment tumor DNA sequencing in the SC (n = 81) was 77/81 (95%) [EUS-FNB 71/74 (96%); TUS-NB 6/7 (86%)], with mutations localized in KIT (n = 58), PDGFRA (n = 18), or neither gene, wild type (n = 5). In patients with a final indication for neoadjuvant therapy, the Therapy(OPTIMAL) was higher in the SC compared with the RC [61/63 (97%) versus 33/42 (79%), p = 0.006], leading to a significantly higher Tumor Regression(MAX) in patients treated with TKI (27% vs. 19%, p = 0.015). Conclusions Pretreatment endosonography-guided biopsy sampling followed by immediate tumor DNA sequencing of KIT and PDGFRA is highly accurate and valuable in guiding neoadjuvant TKI therapy in GIST. This approach minimizes maltreatment with inappropriate regimens and leads to improved tumor size reduction before surgery.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Lindén, Anja, et al.
(författare)
-
Protocolized reduction of non-resuscitation fluids versus usual care in septic shock patients (REDUSE) : a randomized multicentre feasibility trial
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Critical care (London, England). - : BMC. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 28:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Non-resuscitation fluids constitute the majority of fluid administered for septic shock patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). This multicentre, randomized, feasibility trial was conducted to test the hypothesis that a restrictive protocol targeting non-resuscitation fluids reduces the overall volume administered compared with usual care.METHODS: Adults with septic shock in six Swedish ICUs were randomized within 12 h of ICU admission to receive either protocolized reduction of non-resuscitation fluids or usual care. The primary outcome was the total volume of fluid administered within three days of inclusion.RESULTS: Median (IQR) total volume of fluid in the first three days, was 6008 ml (interquartile range [IQR] 3960-8123) in the restrictive fluid group (n = 44), and 9765 ml (IQR 6804-12,401) in the control group (n = 48); corresponding to a Hodges-Lehmann median difference of 3560 ml [95% confidence interval 1614-5302]; p < 0.001). Outcome data on all-cause mortality, days alive and free of mechanical ventilation and acute kidney injury or ischemic events in the ICU within 90 days of inclusion were recorded in 98/98 (100%), 95/98 (98%) and 95/98 (98%) of participants respectively. Cognition and health-related quality of life at six months were recorded in 39/52 (75%) and 41/52 (79%) of surviving participants, respectively. Ninety out of 134 patients (67%) of eligible patients were randomized, and 15/98 (15%) of the participants experienced at least one protocol violation.CONCLUSION: Protocolized reduction of non-resuscitation fluids in patients with septic shock resulted in a large decrease in fluid administration compared with usual care. A trial using this design to test if reducing non-resuscitation fluids improves outcomes is feasible.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05249088, 18 February 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05249088.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lindgren, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Soft-tissue evidence for homeothermy and crypsis in a Jurassic ichthyosaur
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 564:7736
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ichthyosaurs are extinct marine reptiles that display a notable external similarity to modern toothed whales. Here we show that this resemblance is more than skin deep. We apply a multidisciplinary experimental approach to characterize the cellular and molecular composition of integumental tissues in an exceptionally preserved specimen of the Early Jurassic ichthyosaur Stenopterygius. Our analyses recovered still-flexible remnants of the original scaleless skin, which comprises morphologically distinct epidermal and dermal layers. These are underlain by insulating blubber that would have augmented streamlining, buoyancy and homeothermy. Additionally, we identify endogenous proteinaceous and lipid constituents, together with keratinocytes and branched melanophores that contain eumelanin pigment. Distributional variation of melanophores across the body suggests countershading, possibly enhanced by physiological adjustments of colour to enable photoprotection, concealment and/or thermoregulation. Convergence of ichthyosaurs with extant marine amniotes thus extends to the ultrastructural and molecular levels, reflecting the omnipresent constraints of their shared adaptation to pelagic life.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Schjørring, O. L., et al.
(författare)
-
Intensive care doctors’ preferences for arterial oxygen tension levels in mechanically ventilated patients
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 62:10, s. 1443-1451
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Oxygen is liberally administered in intensive care units (ICUs). Nevertheless, ICU doctors’ preferences for supplementing oxygen are inadequately described. The aim was to identify ICU doctors’ preferences for arterial oxygenation levels in mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients. Methods: In April to August 2016, an online multiple-choice 17-part-questionnaire was distributed to 1080 ICU doctors in seven Northern European countries. Repeated reminder e-mails were sent. The study ended in October 2016. Results: The response rate was 63%. When evaluating oxygenation 52% of respondents rated arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) the most important parameter; 24% a combination of PaO2 and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2); and 23% preferred SaO2. Increasing, decreasing or not changing a default fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.50 showed preferences for a PaO2 around 8 kPa in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a PaO2 around 10 kPa in patients with healthy lungs, acute respiratory distress syndrome or sepsis, and a PaO2 around 12 kPa in patients with cardiac or cerebral ischaemia. Eighty per cent would accept a PaO2 of 8 kPa or lower and 77% would accept a PaO2 of 12 kPa or higher in a clinical trial of oxygenation targets. Conclusion: Intensive care unit doctors preferred PaO2 to SaO2 in monitoring oxygen treatment when peripheral oxygen saturation was not included in the question. The identification of PaO2 as the preferred target and the thorough clarification of preferences are important when ascertaining optimal oxygenation targets. In particular when designing future clinical trials of higher vs lower oxygenation targets in ICU patients.
|
|
| 11. |
- Sjövall, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Colon cancer management and outcome in relation to individual hospitals in a defined population
- 2007
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 94:4, s. 491-499
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:The Stockholm and Gotland region in Sweden has a common management protocol for the treatment of colon cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the management and treatment of colon cancer in the region and to try to identify ways to improve the outcome further.Methods:Clinical data on all patients diagnosed with colon cancer in the region's nine hospitals between January 1996 and December 2000 were prospectively collected. Patients were followed until December 2004, and their management and outcome analysed.Results:Colon cancer was diagnosed in 2775 patients. An elective operation was performed in 2116 (76·3 per cent) patients and an emergency procedure in 590 (21·3 per cent). Emergency surgery was an independent risk factor for death. The crude overall cumulative 5-year survival was 46·2 per cent. A multivariable analysis of risk of dying and risk of local recurrence showed significant differences between hospitals. The number of lymph nodes examined in the specimens also differed between hospitals.Conclusion:Differences in the management and outcome of colon cancer in the nine hospitals, despite a common management protocol, indicate a need for improving collaboration between hospitals and multidisciplinary management.
|
|
| 12. |
- Sjövall, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Sickness absence among cancer patients in the pre-diagnostic and the post-diagnostic phases of five common forms of cancer
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 20:4, s. 741-747
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this study was to observe sickness absence before and after the cancer diagnosis among cancer patients with five common forms of cancer.Methods Using cohort data, we observed sick leave in the pre- and post-diagnostic phase among patients with colon, rectal, breast, prostate, or lung cancer (n = 2,738). We also identified reference subjects without cancer (total n = 12,246) who were individually matched for age and gender for each specific cancer cohort in order to compare sickness absence between patients with a specific form of cancer and the background population without cancer.Results Lung cancer patients had the highest increase in sick days both pre- and post-diagnosis and prostate cancer patients had the lowest increase. Irrespective of the form of cancer, cancer patients had significantly more sick days in the post-diagnostic phase compared to their reference subjects, ranging from 5 (prostate cancer) to 12 times the amount of sick days (colon and lung cancer). One year post-diagnosis, less than half of the cancer patients were on sick leave, except for lung cancer patients where 63% were still on sick leave.Conclusion Sick leave among cancer patients seems related not only to the cancer diagnosis and its treatment but also to the prodromal illness in the pre-diagnostic phase, especially for forms of cancer with heavier symptom burden such as colon and lung cancer. Although cancer results in substantial increase in sick leave, it is important to acknowledge that a major part of cancer patients return to work within 1 year after the cancer diagnosis.
|
|
| 13. |
- Sjövall, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Cyclometalation reactions on rhodium(I). Evidence for a chelate effect and competing C-H and C-O oxidative additions
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Organometallics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0276-7333 .- 1520-6041. ; 20:23, s. 4919-4926
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ligand Ph2PC6H4(CH2N(Me)CO(Et)) reacts with (bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) (2,5-norbornadiene)rhodium tetrafluoroborate (2a) and (bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)(2,5-norbornadiene) rhodium tetrafluoroborate (2b) at room temperature in the presence of hydrogen to displace the norbornadiene and give the chelate complexes 3a,b, in which the phosphorus and the oxygen atoms are coordinated to give an eight-membered ring. At elevated temperatures these complexes are converted into cyclometalated Rh(III) benzyl hydride complexes. Rate law, activation parameters, and reactivity trends of this latter transformation indicate that displacement of one of the phosphine functionalities of the bis-chelating phosphine takes place before the C-H activation. Complex 3b was characterized by X-ray crystallography. On the other hand, under ambient conditions the ligand (±)-Ph2PC6H4(CH(Me)O(CO)Et) undergoes activation of either the benzylic C-O or C-H bond, depending on the nature of the Rh precursor used. Thus, 2b gives overall elimination of propionic acid to result in a styrene complex, which was characterized by X-ray crystallography, whereas bis(2,5-norbornadiene)rhodium tetrafluoroborate gives a mixture of Rh(III) benzyl hydride stereoisomers. The difference in reactivity is discussed in terms of different mechanisms for the two processes.
|
|
| 14. |
- Sjövall, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Synthesis, characterisation and crystal structures of the palladium(II) phosphite complexes cis-[PdI2{cis-(iPr2PO)2C 6H10}] and trans-[Pd2I4{cis-(iPr2PO) 2C6H10}2]
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Inorganica Chimica Acta. - 0020-1693. ; 325:1-2, s. 182-186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of 2 equiv. of a mixture of the diphosphite cis, trans-1,3-(iPr2PO)2C6H 10 with [Pd(CO2CF3)2] and sequential addition of an excess of NaI gives the binuclear 16-atom ring chelate complex trans-[Pd2I4{cis-(iPr2PO) 2C6H10}2] (1) and the mononuclear complex cis-[PdI2{cis-(iPr2PO)2C 6H10}] (2) exclusively. NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography have unambiguously determined the structures of both complexes in solution and in the solid state. The cyclohexane ring orients its 1,3-substituents in a diaxial manner in 2, while the same ring-substituents in 1 are diequatorially oriented.
|
|
