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- Olalde, I., et al.
(författare)
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The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 555:7695, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.
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- Hedges, S., et al.
(författare)
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Uroepithelial cells are part of a mucosal cytokine network
- 1994
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Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - 0019-9567. ; 62:6, s. 2315-2321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compared the cytokine production of uroepithelial cell lines in response to gram-negative bacteria and inflammatory cytokines. Human kidney (A498) and bladder (J82) epithelial cell lines were stimulated with either Escherichia coli Hu734, interleukin 1α (IL-1α), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Supernatant samples were removed, and the RNA was extracted from cells at 0, 2, 6, and 24 h. The secreted cytokine levels were determined by bioassay or immunoassay; mRNA was examined by reverse transcription-PCR. The two cell lines secreted IL-6 and IL-8 constitutively. IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA were constitutively produced in both cell lines; IL-1β mRNA was detected in J82 cells. IL-1α induced significantly higher levels of IL-6 secretion than did E. coli Hu734 or TNF-α. IL-1α and TNF-α induced significantly higher levels of IL-8 secretion than did E. coli Hu734. Secreted IL-1β was not detected; IL-1α and TNF-α were not detected above the levels used for stimulation. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNAs were detected in both cell lines after exposure to the stimulants. TNF-α mRNA was occasionally detected in the J82 cell line after TNF-α stimulation. Cytokine (IL-6 and IL-8) and control (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [G3PDH] and β-actin) mRNA concentrations were quantitated with internal PCR standards. Cytokine mRNA levels relative to β-actin mRNA levels were the highest in E. coli- stimulated cells. In comparison, the cytokine mRNA levels relative to G3PDH mRNA levels were the highest in IL-1α-stimulated cells. β-Actin mRNA levels decreased after bacterial stimulation but not after cytokine stimulation, while G3PDH mRNA levels increased in response to all of the stimulants tested. These results suggested that E. coli Hu734 lowered the β-actin mRNA levels in uroepithelial cells, thus distorting the IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels relative to this control. In summary, E. coli IL-1α and TNF-α were found to activate the de novo synthesis and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in uroepithelial cells. These results emphasize the role of epithelial cells in cytokine-mediated responses during the early stages of infection.
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- Sjogren, C, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction. DNA damage and repair
- 2014
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Ingår i: Experimental cell research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2422 .- 0014-4827. ; 329:1, s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Strom, L, et al.
(författare)
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Postreplicative formation of cohesion is required for repair and induced by a single DNA break
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 317:5835, s. 242-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sister-chromatid cohesion, established during replication by the protein complex cohesin, is essential for both chromosome segregation and double-strand break (DSB) repair. Normally, cohesion formation is strictly limited to the S phase of the cell cycle, but DSBs can trigger cohesion also after DNA replication has been completed. The function of this damage-induced cohesion remains unknown. In this investigation, we show that damage-induced cohesion is essential for repair in postreplicative cells in yeast. Furthermore, it is established genome-wide after induction of a single DSB, and it is controlled by the DNA damage response and cohesin-regulating factors. We thus define a cohesion establishment pathway that is independent of DNA duplication and acts together with cohesion formed during replication in sister chromatid–based DSB repair.
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- Wittbom, C., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of solubility limitation on hygroscopic growth and cloud drop activation of SOA particles produced from traffic exhausts
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-7764 .- 1573-0662. ; 75:4, s. 359-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hygroscopicity measurements of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles often show inconsistent results between the supersaturated and subsaturated regimes, with higher activity as cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) than indicated by hygroscopic growth. In this study, we have investigated the discrepancy between the two regimes in the Lund University (LU) smog chamber. Various anthropogenic SOA were produced from mixtures of different precursors: anthropogenic light aromatic precursors (toluene and m-xylene), exhaust from a diesel passenger vehicle spiked with the light aromatic precursors, and exhaust from two different gasoline-powered passenger vehicles. Three types of seed particles were used: soot aggregates from a diesel vehicle, soot aggregates from a flame soot generator and ammonium sulphate (AS) particles. The hygroscopicity of seed particles with condensed, photochemically produced, anthropogenic SOA was investigated with respect to critical supersaturation (sc) and hygroscopic growth factor (gf) at 90% relative humidity. The hygroscopicity parameter κ was calculated for the two regimes: κsc and κgf, from measurements of sc and gf, respectively. The two κ showed significant discrepancies, with a κgf /κsc ratio closest to one for the gasoline experiments with ammonium sulphate seed and lower for the soot seed experiments. Empirical observations of sc and gf were compared to theoretical predictions, using modified Köhler theory where water solubility limitations were taken into account. The results indicate that the inconsistency between measurements in the subsaturated and supersaturated regimes may be explained by part of the organic material in the particles produced from anthropogenic precursors having a limited solubility in water.
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- Albert, F, et al.
(författare)
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Laser produced X-ray source in the 10-60 keV range at 1 kHz. Modified irradiation schemes in order to reach medical imaging quality
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339. ; 11:PR2, s. 429-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By tightly focusing ultra-short pulses from a Ti:sapphire terawatt laser onto a high-Z metallic target, hard x-ray pulses of short duration are produced. In most of our previous work concerning x-rays, a 150 mJ laser pulse with a 110 A duration has been used. Using mostly tin and tantalum targets, hard x-rays in the 10-60 keV range have been produced and used in differential absorption imaging around the K-alpha absorption edge of a contrast agent and also in imaging employing gated viewing for suppression of scattered radiation. In order to increase the x-ray yield (shortening the acquisition time) an increase in the laser repetition rate is desirable while still staying in the K-alpha energy regime. We have used a I kHz repetition-rate laser delivering 35 fs pulses in order to work towards these goals. We have clear evidence of hard x-ray generation above 30 keV, even for low laser pulse energies. We also studied the effect of a fs prepulse. The medical imaging capability of the source was explored. The use of a prepulse has been optimized in order to improve the image quality as well as the overall x-ray generation yield.
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- Fröbert, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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Thrombus Aspiration during ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- 2013
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 369:17, s. 1587-1597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe clinical effect of routine intracoronary thrombus aspiration before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate whether thrombus aspiration reduces mortality. MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial, with enrollment of patients from the national comprehensive Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) and end points evaluated through national registries. A total of 7244 patients with STEMI undergoing PCI were randomly assigned to manual thrombus aspiration followed by PCI or to PCI only. The primary end point was all-cause mortality at 30 days. ResultsNo patients were lost to follow-up. Death from any cause occurred in 2.8% of the patients in the thrombus-aspiration group (103 of 3621), as compared with 3.0% in the PCI-only group (110 of 3623) (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 1.22; P=0.63). The rates of hospitalization for recurrent myocardial infarction at 30 days were 0.5% and 0.9% in the two groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.34 to 1.07; P=0.09), and the rates of stent thrombosis were 0.2% and 0.5%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.20 to 1.02; P=0.06). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the rate of stroke or neurologic complications at the time of discharge (P=0.87). The results were consistent across all major prespecified subgroups, including subgroups defined according to thrombus burden and coronary flow before PCI. ConclusionsRoutine thrombus aspiration before PCI as compared with PCI alone did not reduce 30-day mortality among patients with STEMI. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01093404.)
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- Geneid, A., et al.
(författare)
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Union of the European Phoniatricians position statement on the exit strategy of phoniatric and laryngological services: staying safe and getting back to normal after the peak of coronavirus disease 2019 (issued on 25th May 2020)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Laryngology and Otology. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0022-2151 .- 1748-5460. ; 134:8, s. 661-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The following position statement from the Union of the European Phoniatricians, updated on 25th May 2020 (superseding the previous statement issued on 21st April 2020), contains a series of recommendations for phoniatricians and ENT surgeons who provide and/or run voice, swallowing, speech and language, or paediatric audiology services. Objectives This material specifically aims to inform clinical practices in countries where clinics and operating theatres are reopening for elective work. It endeavours to present a current European view in relation to common procedures, many of which fall under the aegis of aerosol generating procedures. Conclusion As evidence continues to build, some of the recommended practices will undoubtedly evolve, but it is hoped that the updated position statement will offer clinicians precepts on safe clinical practice.
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- Ioannou, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep deprivation as treatment for depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 143:1, s. 22-35
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To systematically review evidence on the efficacy and safety of sleep deprivation (SD) as a treatment option for patients with unipolar or bipolar depression. Methods A systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Controlled trials were included in efficacy analysis, case series for evaluating complications and qualitative studies for patients' experiences. Results Eight controlled studies (368 patients), one qualitative study and seven case series (825 patients) were included. One week after treatment start, SD combined with standard treatment did not reduce depressive symptoms compared with standard treatment (standardized mean difference, SMD = -0.29, [95% confidence interval, CI: -0.84 to 0.25], p = 0.29). When excluding a study in elderly patients in a post hoc analysis, the difference was statistically significant (SMD = -0.54 ([95% CI: -0.86 to -0.22], p < 0.001)) but it diminished two weeks after treatment start. No superiority of SD was found compared with antidepressants, but SD may be superior to exercise in certain settings. It is uncertain whether SD affects quality of sleep, quality of life, everyday functioning or length of stay. Apart from switch to mania (ranging between 2.7% and 10.7%), no other serious complications were reported. Conclusion Sleep deprivation has been studied in a wide range of settings resulting in divergent results for the short-term efficacy on depressive symptoms. Post hoc analyses indicated that there may be a significant but transient effect in certain populations. Further studies should focus on identifying subgroups of responders as well as examining feasibility in routine clinical care.
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- Massart, J, et al.
(författare)
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Endurance exercise training-responsive miR-19b-3p improves skeletal muscle glucose metabolism
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1, s. 5948-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue and remodels in response to exercise training. Using short RNA sequencing, we determine the miRNA profile of skeletal muscle from healthy male volunteers before and after a 14-day aerobic exercise training regime. Among the exercise training-responsive miRNAs identified, miR-19b-3p was selected for further validation. Overexpression of miR-19b-3p in human skeletal muscle cells increases insulin signaling, glucose uptake, and maximal oxygen consumption, recapitulating the adaptive response to aerobic exercise training. Overexpression of miR-19b-3p in mouse flexor digitorum brevis muscle enhances contraction-induced glucose uptake, indicating that miR-19b-3p exerts control on exercise training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle. Potential targets of miR-19b-3p that are reduced after aerobic exercise training include KIF13A, MAPK6, RNF11, and VPS37A. Amongst these, RNF11 silencing potentiates glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle cells. Collectively, we identify miR-19b-3p as an aerobic exercise training-induced miRNA that regulates skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.
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