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- Olalde, I., et al.
(författare)
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The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 555:7695, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.
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- Hayden, JA, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise treatment effect modifiers in persistent low back pain: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 3514 participants from 27 randomised controlled trials
- 2020
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Ingår i: British journal of sports medicine. - : BMJ. - 1473-0480 .- 0306-3674. ; 54:21, s. 1277-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Exercise therapy is widely recommended to treat persistent non-specific low back pain. While evidence suggests exercise is, on average, moderately effective, there remains uncertainty about which individuals might benefit the most from exercise.MethodsIn parallel with a Cochrane review update, we requested individual participant data (IPD) from high-quality randomised clinical trials of adults with our two primary outcomes of interest, pain and functional limitations, and calculated global recovery. We compiled a master data set including baseline participant characteristics, exercise and comparison characteristics, and outcomes at short-term, moderate-term and long-term follow-up. We conducted descriptive analyses and one-stage IPD meta-analysis using multilevel mixed-effects regression of the overall treatment effect and prespecified potential treatment effect modifiers.ResultsWe received IPD for 27 trials (3514 participants). For studies included in this analysis, compared with no treatment/usual care, exercise therapy on average reduced pain (mean effect/100 (95% CI) −10.7 (−14.1 to –7.4)), a result compatible with a clinically important 20% smallest worthwhile effect. Exercise therapy reduced functional limitations with a clinically important 23% improvement (mean effect/100 (95% CI) −10.2 (−13.2 to –7.3)) at short-term follow-up. Not having heavy physical demands at work and medication use for low back pain were potential treatment effect modifiers—these were associated with superior exercise outcomes relative to non-exercise comparisons. Lower body mass index was also associated with better outcomes in exercise compared with no treatment/usual care. This study was limited by inconsistent availability and measurement of participant characteristics.ConclusionsThis study provides potentially useful information to help treat patients and design future studies of exercise interventions that are better matched to specific subgroups.Protocol publicationhttps://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-1-64
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- Geneid, A., et al.
(författare)
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Union of the European Phoniatricians position statement on the exit strategy of phoniatric and laryngological services: staying safe and getting back to normal after the peak of coronavirus disease 2019 (issued on 25th May 2020)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Laryngology and Otology. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0022-2151 .- 1748-5460. ; 134:8, s. 661-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The following position statement from the Union of the European Phoniatricians, updated on 25th May 2020 (superseding the previous statement issued on 21st April 2020), contains a series of recommendations for phoniatricians and ENT surgeons who provide and/or run voice, swallowing, speech and language, or paediatric audiology services. Objectives This material specifically aims to inform clinical practices in countries where clinics and operating theatres are reopening for elective work. It endeavours to present a current European view in relation to common procedures, many of which fall under the aegis of aerosol generating procedures. Conclusion As evidence continues to build, some of the recommended practices will undoubtedly evolve, but it is hoped that the updated position statement will offer clinicians precepts on safe clinical practice.
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- Sjogren, B, et al.
(författare)
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Welding and ischemic heart disease
- 2002
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Ingår i: International journal of occupational and environmental health. - 1077-3525. ; 8:4, s. 309-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Brändén, Gisela, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Structure-based ligand design to overcome CYP inhibition in drug discovery projects
- 2014
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Ingår i: Drug Discovery Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6446. ; 19:7, s. 905-911
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are key players in xenobiotic metabolism, and inhibition of CYPs can therefore result in unwanted drug-drug interactions. Within drug discovery, CYP inhibition can cause delays in the progression of candidate drugs, or even premature closure of projects. During the past decade, a massive effort in the pharmaceutical industry and academic research has produced a wealth of structural information in the CYP field. In this short review, we will describe how structure-based approaches can be used in the pharmaceutical industry to work away from CYP inhibition, with a focus on the opportunities and challenges. We will show two examples from our own work where structural information on CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 inhibitor complexes have been successfully exploited in ongoing drug discovery projects.
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| 26. |
- Hajdu, J, et al.
(författare)
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Analyzing protein functions in four dimensions
- 2000
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Ingår i: NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY. - : NATURE AMERICA INC. ; 7:11, s. 1006-1012
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Time-resolved structural studies on biomolecular function are coming of age. Focus has shifted from studies on 'systems of opportunities' to a more problem-oriented approach, addressing significant questions in biology and chemistry. An important step in
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- Ioannou, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep deprivation as treatment for depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 143:1, s. 22-35
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To systematically review evidence on the efficacy and safety of sleep deprivation (SD) as a treatment option for patients with unipolar or bipolar depression. Methods A systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Controlled trials were included in efficacy analysis, case series for evaluating complications and qualitative studies for patients' experiences. Results Eight controlled studies (368 patients), one qualitative study and seven case series (825 patients) were included. One week after treatment start, SD combined with standard treatment did not reduce depressive symptoms compared with standard treatment (standardized mean difference, SMD = -0.29, [95% confidence interval, CI: -0.84 to 0.25], p = 0.29). When excluding a study in elderly patients in a post hoc analysis, the difference was statistically significant (SMD = -0.54 ([95% CI: -0.86 to -0.22], p < 0.001)) but it diminished two weeks after treatment start. No superiority of SD was found compared with antidepressants, but SD may be superior to exercise in certain settings. It is uncertain whether SD affects quality of sleep, quality of life, everyday functioning or length of stay. Apart from switch to mania (ranging between 2.7% and 10.7%), no other serious complications were reported. Conclusion Sleep deprivation has been studied in a wide range of settings resulting in divergent results for the short-term efficacy on depressive symptoms. Post hoc analyses indicated that there may be a significant but transient effect in certain populations. Further studies should focus on identifying subgroups of responders as well as examining feasibility in routine clinical care.
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| 38. |
- Sanabria, A, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of Occult Lymph Node Metastasis in Primary Larynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma, by Subsite, T Classification and Neck Level: A Systematic Review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Larynx cancer is a common site for tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract. In cases with a clinically negative neck, the indications for an elective neck treatment are still debated. The objective is to define the prevalence of occult metastasis based on the subsite of the primary tumor, T classification and neck node levels involved. Methods: All studies included provided the rate of occult metastases in cN0 larynx squamous cell carcinoma patients. The main outcome was the incidence of occult metastasis. The pooled incidence was calculated with random effects analysis. Results: 36 studies with 3803 patients fulfilled the criteria. The incidence of lymph node metastases for supraglottic and glottic tumors was 19.9% (95% CI 16.4–23.4) and 8.0% (95% CI 2.7–13.3), respectively. The incidence of occult metastasis for level I, level IV and level V was 2.4% (95% CI 0–6.1%), 2.0% (95% CI 0.9–3.1) and 0.4% (95% CI 0–1.0%), respectively. For all tumors, the incidence for sublevel IIB was 0.5% (95% CI 0–1.3). Conclusions: The incidence of occult lymph node metastasis is higher in supraglottic and T3–4 tumors. Level I and V and sublevel IIB should not be routinely included in the elective neck treatment of cN0 laryngeal cancer and, in addition, level IV should not be routinely included in cases of supraglottic tumors.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Sjogren, B, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational exposure to particles and incidence of stroke
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 1795-990X .- 0355-3140. ; 39:3, s. 295-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Sjogren, S, et al.
(författare)
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Response on p53
- 1996
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Ingår i: J Natl Cancer Inst. ; 88, s. 1500-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 43. |
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| 45. |
- Sjogren, T., et al.
(författare)
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Recreation travel time conditional on labour supply, work travel time and income
- 1996
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Ingår i: Tourism Economics. - 1354-8166 .- 2044-0375. ; 2:3, s. 265-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An economic model is proposed in which individuals are assumed to choose recreation travel time conditional on work travel time, hours of work and income. Using Swedish data and a grouped regression model, work travel time is found to have a significant and negative effect on recreation travel time for both spouses in a household. Income has a negative and significant effect for males but the effect is insignificant for females. Labour supply is not found to have any significant effect.
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| 48. |
- Sjogren, T, et al.
(författare)
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The structure of an alternative form of Paracoccus pantotrophus cytochrome cd(1) nitrite reductase
- 2001
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. - : AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC. - 0021-9258. ; 276:31, s. 29450-29455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytochrome ed(1) nitrite reductase is a bifunctional enzyme, which can catalyze the I-electron reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide and the 4-electron reduction of dioxygen to water. Here we describe the structure of reduced nitrite reductase, crystallize
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| 50. |
- Strand, Sven-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Small animal imaging with pinhole single-photon emission computed tomography
- 1994
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Ingår i: Cancer. - 1097-0142. ; 73:Suppl. 3, s. 981-984
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND. High resolution spatial details of the distribution of activity in three dimensions is required to evaluate the localization and dosimetric properties of radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies in tumors and normal tissues. Planar imaging of small animals with a resolution of 5-10 mm is usually the imaging modality of choice. The authors investigated high resolution single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging, based on a rotating pinhole scintillation camera. Although the sensitivity of the pinhole collimator is low, several radionuclides offer suitable decay properties to perform pinhole SPECT, especially in conjunction with high activity levels used in radioimmunotherapy. METHODS. Transverse, sagittal, and coronal sections were reconstructed using a three-dimensional cone-beam algorithm, which is a generalization of the two-dimensional fan-beam filtered backprojection algorithm. Before reconstruction, the pinhole projections were corrected for the decay of the radionuclide, geometric and intrinsic efficiency variations of the camera system, and center of rotation shift. RESULTS. The spatial resolution at 50 mm from the pinhole collimator with 3.3 mm aperture was 3.4 mm, and the sensitivity 7.2 c/s microCi for technetium-99m. With the 2 mm collimator the resolution was 2.2 mm, and the sensitivity was 2.6 c/s/microCi. To show the spatial resolution in vivo, a rat was injected with 185 MBq of technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate or with 5 mCi technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime. The bone structures were well delineated in the methylene diphosphonate image, and in the hexamethylpropylene amine oxime image, the brain was nicely shown. For comparison a magnetic resonance image for the same section was done. CONCLUSIONS. High resolution SPECT imaging with the pinhole collimator provides mapping of the activity in three-dimensions, needed for more detailed biodistribution data and to perform more accurate dosimetry.
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