| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Wentzensen, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
-
Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors by Histologic Subtype : An Analysis From the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 34:24, s. 2888-2898
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: An understanding of the etiologic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer is important for improving prevention, early detection, and therapeutic approaches. We evaluated 14 hormonal, reproductive, and lifestyle factors by histologic subtype in the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium (OC3).Patients and Methods: Among 1.3 million women from 21 studies, 5,584 invasive epithelial ovarian cancers were identified (3,378 serous, 606 endometrioid, 331 mucinous, 269 clear cell, 1,000 other). By using competing-risks Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by study and birth year and adjusted for age, parity, and oral contraceptive use, we assessed associations for all invasive cancers by histology. Heterogeneity was evaluated by likelihood ratio test.Results: Most risk factors exhibited significant heterogeneity by histology. Higher parity was most strongly associated with endometrioid (relative risk [RR] per birth, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.83) and clear cell (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.76) carcinomas (P value for heterogeneity [P-het] < .001). Similarly, age at menopause, endometriosis, and tubal ligation were only associated with endometrioid and clear cell tumors (P-het ≤ .01). Family history of breast cancer (P-het = .008) had modest heterogeneity. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of mucinous (RR per 20 pack-years, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.46) but a decreased risk of clear cell (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.94) tumors (P-het = .004). Unsupervised clustering by risk factors separated endometrioid, clear cell, and low-grade serous carcinomas from high-grade serous and mucinous carcinomas.Conclusion: The heterogeneous associations of risk factors with ovarian cancer subtypes emphasize the importance of conducting etiologic studies by ovarian cancer subtypes. Most established risk factors were more strongly associated with nonserous carcinomas, which demonstrate challenges for risk prediction of serous cancers, the most fatal subtype.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Darsalia, V, et al.
(författare)
-
The DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin counteracts stroke in the normal and diabetic mouse brain: a comparison with glimepiride
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 62:4, s. 1289-1296
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type 2 diabetes is a strong risk factor for stroke. Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor in clinical use against type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the potential antistroke efficacy of linagliptin in type 2 diabetic mice. To understand whether efficacy was mediated by glycemia regulation, a comparison with the sulfonylurea glimepiride was done. To determine whether linagliptin-mediated efficacy was dependent on a diabetic background, experiments in nondiabetic mice were performed. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding the mice a high-fat diet for 32 weeks. Mice were treated with linagliptin/glimepiride for 7 weeks. Stroke was induced at 4 weeks into the treatment by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Blood DPP-4 activity, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels, glucose, body weight, and food intake were assessed throughout the experiments. Ischemic brain damage was measured by determining stroke volume and by stereologic quantifications of surviving neurons in the striatum/cortex. We show pronounced antistroke efficacy of linagliptin in type 2 diabetic and normal mice, whereas glimepiride proved efficacious against stroke in normal mice only. These results indicate a linagliptin-mediated neuroprotection that is glucose-independent and likely involves GLP-1. The findings may provide an impetus for the development of DPP-4 inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of stroke in diabetic patients.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Nystrom, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Tetrahydrobiopterin increases insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease
- 2004
-
Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 287:5, s. E919-E925
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor of nitric oxide synthase that improves endothelial function in diabetics, smokers, and patients with hypercholesterolemia. Insulin resistance has been suggested as a contributing factor in the development of endothelial dysfunction via an abnormal pteridine metabolism. We hypothesized that BH4 would restore flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD, endothelial-dependent vasodilation), which may affect insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Thirty-two subjects (12 type 2 diabetic subjects, 10 matched nondiabetic subjects, and 10 healthy unmatched subjects) underwent infusion of BH4 or saline in a random crossover study. Insulin sensitivity index (SI) was measured by hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamp. FMD was measured using ultrasonography. BH4 significantly increased SI in the type 2 diabetics [3.6 ± 0.6 vs. 4.9 ± 0.7 × 10−4 dl·kg−1·min−1/(μU/ml), P < 0.05], while having no effects in nondiabetics [8.9 ± 1.1 vs. 9.0 ± 0.9 × 10−4 dl·kg−1·min−1/(μU/ml), P = 0.92] or in healthy subjects [17.5 ± 1.6 vs. 18 ± 1.8 × 10−4 dl·kg−1·min−1/(μU/ml), P = 0.87]. BH4 did not affect the relative changes in brachial artery diameter from baseline FMD (%) in type 2 diabetic subjects (2.3 ± 0.8 vs. 1.8 ± 1.0%, P = 0.42), nondiabetic subjects (5.3 ± 1.1 vs. 6.6 ± 0.9%, P = 0.32), or healthy subjects (11.9 ± 0.6 vs. 11.0 ± 1.0%, P = 0.48). In conclusion, BH4 significantly increases insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients without any discernible improvement in endothelial function.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Sjoholm, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Acute nutmeg intoxication
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Journal of internal medicine. - 0954-6820. ; 243:4, s. 329-331
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Vaziri-Sani, Fariba, et al.
(författare)
-
Phenotypic expression of factor H mutations in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0085-2538 .- 1523-1755. ; 69:6, s. 981-988
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the phenotypic expression of factor H mutations in two patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Factor H in serum was assayed by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, immunoblotting, and double immunodiffusion and in tissue by immunohistochemistry. Functional activity was analyzed by hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes and binding to endothelial cells. A homozygous mutation in complement control protein (CCP) domain 10 of factor H was identified in an adult man who first developed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and later HUS. C3 levels were very low. The patient had undetectable factor H levels in serum and a weak factor H 150 kDa band. Double immunodiffusion showed partial antigenic identity with factor H in normal serum owing to the presence of factor H-like protein 1. Strong specific labeling for factor H was detected in glomerular endothelium, mesangium and in glomerular and tubular epithelium as well as in bone marrow cells. A heterozygous mutation in CCP 20 of factor H was found in a girl with HUS. C3 levels were moderately decreased at onset. Factor H levels were normal and a normal 150 kDa band was present. Double immunodiffusion showed antigenic identity with normal factor H. Factor H labeling was minimal in the renal cortex. Factor H dysfunction was demonstrated by increased sheep erythrocyte hemolysis and decreased binding to endothelial cells. In summary, two different factor H mutations associated with HUS were examined: in one, factor H accumulated in cells, and in the other, membrane binding was reduced.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Darsalia, V., et al.
(författare)
-
Exendin-4 Reduces Ischemic Brain Injury in Normal and Aged Type 2 Diabetic Mice and Promotes Microglial M2 Polarization
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exendin-4 is a glucagon-like receptor 1 agonist clinically used against type 2 diabetes that has also shown neuroprotective effects in experimental stroke models. However, while the neuroprotective efficacy of Exendin-4 has been thoroughly investigated if the pharmacological treatment starts before stroke, the therapeutic potential of the Exendin-4 if the treatment starts acutely after stroke has not been clearly determined. Further, a comparison of the neuroprotective efficacy in normal and aged diabetic mice has not been performed. Finally, the cellular mechanisms behind the efficacy of Exendin-4 have been only partially studied. The main objective of this study was to determine the neuroprotective efficacy of Exendin4 in normal and aged type 2 diabetic mice if the treatment started after stroke in a clinically relevant setting. Furthermore we characterized the Exendin-4 effects on stroke-induced neuroinflammation. Two-month-old healthy and 14-month-old type 2 diabetic/obese mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. 5 or 50 mg/kg Exendin-4 was administered intraperitoneally at 1.5, 3 or 4.5 hours thereafter. The treatment was continued (0.2 mg/kg/day) for 1 week. The neuroprotective efficacy was assessed by stroke volume measurement and stereological counting of NeuN-positive neurons. Neuroinflammation was determined by gene expression analysis of M1/M2 microglia subtypes and proinflammatory cytokines. We show neuroprotective efficacy of 50 mg/kg Exendin-4 at 1.5 and 3 hours after stroke in both young healthy and aged diabetic/obese mice. The 5 mu g/kg dose was neuroprotective at 1.5 hour only. Proinflammatory markers and M1 phenotype were not impacted by Exendin-4 treatment while M2 markers were significantly up regulated. Our results support the use of Exendin-4 to reduce stroke-damage in the prehospital/early hospitalization setting irrespectively of age/diabetes. The results indicate the polarization of microglia/macrophages towards the M2 reparative phenotype as a potential mechanism of neuroprotection.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Davidsson, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Linear Dichroism of 1,4-Benzodiazepines
- 1976
-
Ingår i: Spectroscopy Letters. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-2289 .- 0038-7010. ; 9:5, s. 301-311
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linear dichroism and absorption spectra were measured for some 1,4-benzodiazepines dissolved and partially oriented in a polymer matrix. The results are discussed in terms of polarizations of the transitions in the two noninteracting benzene nuclei.
|
|
| 37. |
- Egge, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Outcome 1 year after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: relation between cognitive performance and neuroimaging
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1600-0404 .- 0001-6314. ; 112:2, s. 76-80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective - To assess the cognitive impairment and the association between neuropsychological measures and neuroimaging 1 year after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Method - Forty-two patients were examined clinically according to Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and neuropsychological examination were performed. Results - There were no association between GOS and cognitive impairment index based on the neuropsychological examination. CT showed no sign of cerebral ischemia in 17 (40%) and low attenuating areas indicating cerebral infarction(s) in 25 (60%) patients. A significant correlation (P = 0.01) was observed between the cognitive impairment index and the SPECT index (r = 0.6). SPECT measurement was the only independent predictor for cognitive impairment. Conclusion - GOS is a crude outcome measure and patients classified with good recoveries may have significant cognitive deficits. Neuropsychological examination is the preferred method for outcome evaluation as this method specifically addresses the disabilities affecting patients' everyday life.
|
|
| 38. |
- Egge, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Serial single-photon emission computed tomographic and transcranial doppler measurements for evaluation of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Neurosurgery. - 0148-396X. ; 57:2, s. 237-248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the clinical value of serial single photon-emission computed tomographic (SPECT) measurements after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: Thirty-two patients were studied prospectively during the first 26 days after SAH with repeated SPELT measurements; clinical examinations, and transcranial Doppler recordings. Time trends were analyzed with a general linear model. A final SPECT measurement was performed after 1 year. Results: A mean of 2.6 (range, 1-5) SPECT measurements revealed a significant (P=0.001) quadratic curve consistent with initial hypoperfusion and then with hyperperfusion during the acute stage. SPELT findings were significantly associated with transcranial Doppler recordings (P=0.016) and clinical assessments (P=0.008). Patients fulfilling clinical and transcranial Doppler criteria for vasospasm demonstrated a more pronounced relative hypoperfusionj hyperperfusion time course. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified SPECT measurements obtained during Days 7 to 14 after the SAH as the only independent predictor (beta=0.042, P=0.02) for impaired perfusion after 1 year. Conclusion: Serial SPECT measurements after aneurysmal SAH demonstrate that regional changes in cerebral perfusion follow a nonlinear time trend, and repeated measurements are necessary. This observation, as well as the low feasibility of SPECT, restricts the clinical value of such measurements.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Elmberg Sjoholm, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Living with consequences of stroke and risk factors for unhealthy diet- experiences among stroke survivors and caregivers in Nairobi, Kenya
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundStroke prevalence is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa and has been partly attributed to the rapid economic and population growth that have contributed to changes in lifestyle and increased the prevalence of modifiable risk factors for stroke. Healthy diet is important in stroke management and secondary stroke prevention. The aim was to explore the clinical characteristics and functioning after stroke and the experiences of nutritional aspects among stroke survivors and caregivers in Nairobi, Kenya.MethodsA cross-sectional study with qualitative and quantitative methods involving two rounds of data collection was utilised. In the first round, data on demographics and clinical characteristics were collected for 30 people poststroke during a seminar organized by the Kenya Stroke Association. In the second round, nine participants then agreed to be interviewed together with their caregivers and asked to describe their own experiences and their household eating patterns after suffering a stroke. The food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of weight, height and waist measurements were used. The self-reported data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the transcribed interview texts used a constructivist-based theory.ResultsThe results give an insight in the life situation for people living with consequences after stroke and their caregivers in Nairobi. The participants were aware that they were overweight and that this indicated an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. A core category emerged: The caregiver as the main definer of health and enabler of healthy diet among persons who have had a stroke. Healthy diets and provided information on eating healthy were lacking from the healthcare professionals, whereupon the responsibility for managing a healthy diet had shifted to the caregivers.ConclusionsSupport needs to be given to people with stroke and their caregivers to achieve a healthy diet. The importance of healthy eating as a way of reducing the risk of suffering a stroke needs to be communicated by health care. The Kenyan food-based dietary guidelines need to be more implemented and accessible as well as an overall secondary stroke prevention program.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
