| 1. |
- Risling, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Differential acute gene expression changes after 5 types of traumatic injury in spinal cord and the brain
- 2010
-
Ingår i: 40th Neuroscience Conference, November 13-17, 2010, San Diego, USA. ; , s. Program 467.16, Poster AA16-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although a general poor outcome of lesions in mammalian central nervous system there are some interesting regional differences in the response to traumatic injury. There are indications that the inflammatory pattern and the duration of traumatic defects in the Blood Brain Barrier are dissimilar in the brain and the spinal cord. In this study we have examined the acute gene expression response in the adult rat after two types of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and two types of lesions affecting the spinal cord. The TBI models were an exposure to blast overpressure (200 kPa), a sagittal acceleration injury and a cortical penetration injury. The spinal injuries were lumbar ventral root avulsion at the border between the CNS and PNS. Ventral root avulsion is not followed by spontaneous regrowth. The second spinal injury was replantation of avulsed spinal ventral roots, enabling significant and useful regrowth of motor axons. In this study we have analyzed the acute response to these 5 types of injury with gene arrays combined with cluster analysis of gene ontology search terms. 3 adult Sprague-Dawley rats for each of the 5 models were used. 24 h after the injury, the animals were anesthetized and the inferior vena cava was cut open. The hippocampus and the cortex were used for analysis of the 3 TBI models and the ipsilateral ventral quadrat of the affected spinal cord segment was used for the spinal injuries. RNA samples were analysed was then hybridized to Affymetrix Rat Gene ST 1.0 array. The data show significant differences between rats subjected to ventral replantation compared to avulsion only. Whereas, the number of genes related to cell death is similar in the two models after 24 hours, we observed a significantly larger number of genes related to neurite growth and development in the rats treated with ventral root replantation. In addition, an acute inflammatory response was observed after avulsion, while effects on genes related to synaptic transmission were much more pronounced after replantation than after avulsion without replantation. Blast overpressure induced limited shifts in gene expression in the hippocampus. The most interesting findings were a down regulation of genes involved in neurogenesis and synaptic transmission. Acceleration and penetration injuries resulted in changes in the expression in a large number of gene families including cell death, inflammation and neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and the cortex. We, conclude that cluster analysis of gene ontology search terms analysis may facilitate the comparison of the acute response in different types of injury.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Larsson, B-M, et al.
(författare)
-
Road tunnel air pollution induces bronchoalveolar inflammation in healthy subjects
- 2007
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 29:4, s. 699-705
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traffic-related air pollution is associated with adverse respiratory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether exposure to air pollution in a road tunnel causes airway inflammatory and blood coagulation responses. A total of 16 healthy subjects underwent bronchoscopy with bronchial mucosal biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on two occasions, in random order: once at 14 h after a 2-h exposure to air pollution in a busy road tunnel, and once after a control day with subjects exposed to urban air during normal activities. Peripheral blood was sampled prior to bronchoscopy. The road tunnel exposures included particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm, particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm and nitrogen dioxide which had median concentrations of 64, 176 and 230 µg·m−3, respectively. Significantly higher numbers of BAL fluid total cell number, lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages were present after road tunnel exposure versus control. Significantly higher nuclear expression of the transcription factor component c-Jun was found in the bronchial epithelium after exposure. No upregulation of adhesion molecules or cellular infiltration was present and blood coagulation factors were unaffected. In conclusion, exposure of healthy subjects to traffic-related air pollution resulted in a lower airway inflammatory response with cell migration, together with signs of an initiated signal transduction in the bronchial epithelium.
|
|
| 4. |
- Risling, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Differential gene expression changes for complement C1q and C3 after injuries to dorsal and ventral nerve roots
- 2011
-
Ingår i: 41st Neuroscience Conference, Washington, DC.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- C1q is an initiating protein in the classical complement cascade and is a key element in the inflammatory response to injuries in the nervous system. Interestingly, it has been shown to be expressed by immature neurons and is localized to synapses. Mice that are deficient to C1q or the downstream complement factor C3 show severe defects in elimination of synapses during development (Stevens et al., 2007). This can lead to nonappropriate connections, increased excitatory connectivity and epileptiform activity. Recent in vitro studies indicate that C1q can directly promote neuronal survival (Benoit and Tenner, 2011). In this study we have examined expression changes after injuries to dorsal and ventral roots in 18 adult rats using Affymetrix Rat Gene ST 1.0 arrays.The data suggest that the cute response in genes for complement factors C1q and C3 is different after different nerve root lesions. The ventral root replantation and nerve injuries are followed by a regenerative response while dorsal root transection and ventral root avulsion are examples of non-regenerative conditions.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Troisi, R., et al.
(författare)
-
The role of pregnancy, perinatal factors and hormones in maternal cancer risk : a review of the evidence
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 283:5, s. 430-445
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An understanding of the origin of cancer is critical for cancer prevention and treatment. Complex biological mechanisms promote carcinogenesis, and there is increasing evidence that pregnancy related exposures influence foetal growth cell division and organ functioning and may have a longlasting impact on health and disease susceptibility in the mothers and offspring. Nulliparity is an established risk factor for breast, ovarian, endometrial and possibly pancreatic cancer, whilst the risk of kidney cancer is elevated in parous compared with nulliparous women. For breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer, each pregnancy provides an additional risk reduction. The associations of parity with thyroid and colorectal cancers are uncertain. The timing of reproductive events is also recognized to be important. Older age at first birth is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and older age at last birth is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. The risks of breast and endometrial cancers increase with younger age at menarche and older age at menopause. The mechanisms, and hormone profiles, that underlie alterations in maternal cancer risk are not fully understood and may differ by malignancy. Linking health registries and pooling of data in the Nordic countries have provided opportunities to conduct epidemiologic research of pregnancy exposures and subsequent cancer. We review the maternal risk of several malignancies, including those with a well-known hormonal aetiology and those with less established relationships. The tendency for women to have fewer pregnancies and at later ages, together with the age-dependent increase in the incidence of most malignancies, is expected to affect the incidence of pregnancy-associated cancer.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing and validating a practical decision support tool (DST) for biomass selection on marginal land
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797. ; 145, s. 113-121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marginal, often contaminated, sites exist in large areas across the world as a result of historic activities such as industry, transportation and mineral extraction. Remediation, or other improvements, of these sites is typically only considered for sites with high exploitation pressure and those posing the highest risks to human health or the environment. At the same time there is increasing competition for land resources for different needs such as biofuel production. Potentially some of this land requirement could be met by production of biomass on brownfield or other marginal land, thereby improving the land while applying the crop cultivation as part of an integrated management strategy. The design and decision making for such a strategy will be site specific. A decision support framework, the Rejuvenate DST (decision support tool) has been developed with the aim of supporting such site specific decision making. This tool is presented here, and has been tested by applying it to a number of case study sites. The consequent SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunities and threats) analysis is discussed and evaluated. The DST was found to be systematic, transparent, and applicable for diverse sites in France, Romania and Sweden, in addition to the sites to which it was applied through its development. The DST is regarded as especially useful if applied as a checklist in an iterative way throughout the decision process, from identifying potential crops to identifying knowledge gaps, working/non-working management strategies and potential risks. The DST also provides a structure promoting effective stakeholder engagement. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 10. |
- Andrekson, Peter, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
Optical phase-sensitive sampling for high fidelity capture of advanced, high baud-rate optical waveforms and signals
- 2010
-
Ingår i: 2010 ITG Symposium on Photonic Networks, Leipzig, Germany, 3-4 May 2010. - 9783800732494 ; , s. Art. no. 5755970-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss all-optical sampling techniques to capture optical waveforms with both high fidelity and time resolution. Different approaches are possible, each with associated performance - complexity trade-offs. We cover not only sampling of intensity waveforms but also complex modulation formats such as QPSK and 16-QAM and also discuss the distinctions between real time sampling and equivalent-time sampling.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Callaghan, Terry V., et al.
(författare)
-
Changing snow cover and its impacts
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA). - Oslo : Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. - 9788279710714 ; , s. 4:1-4:58
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 13. |
- Haque, Faiz, et al.
(författare)
-
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in white-tailed sea eagle eggs from Sweden: Temporal trends (1969-2021), spatial variations, fluorine mass balance, and suspect screening
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temporal and spatial trends of 15 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were determined in white-tailed sea eagle (WTSE) eggs (Haliaeetus albicilla) from two inland and two coastal regions of Sweden between 1969 and 2021. PFAS concentrations generally increased from ∼1969 to ∼1990s–2010 (depending on target and site) and thereafter plateaued or declined, with perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) declining faster than most perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). The net result was a shift in the PFAS profile from PFOS-dominant in 1969–2010 to an increased prevalence of PFCAs over the last decade. Further, during the entire period higher PFAS concentrations were generally observed in coastal populations, possibly due to differences in diet and/or proximity to more densely populated areas. Fluorine mass balance determination in pooled samples from three of the regions (2019–2021) indicated that target PFAS accounted for the vast majority (i.e. 81–100%) of extractable organic fluorine (EOF). Nevertheless, high resolution mass-spectrometry-based suspect screening identified 55 suspects (31 at a confidence level [CL] of 1–3 and 24 at a CL of 4–5), of which 43 were substances not included in the targeted analysis. Semi-quantification of CL ≤ 2 suspects increased the identified EOF to >90% in coastal samples. In addition to showing the impact of PFAS regulation and phase-out initiatives, this study demonstrates that most extractable organofluorine in WTSE eggs is made up of known (legacy) PFAS, albeit with low levels of novel substances.
|
|
| 14. |
- Hotta, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Formation and Cooling Phenomena in High Temperature Debris Bed
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 0022-3131 .- 1881-1248.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Key phenomena in the cooling states of underwater debris beds were classified based on the premise that a target debris bed has a complicated geometry, nonhomogeneous porosity, and volumetric heat. These configurations may change due to the molten jet breakup, droplet agglomeration, anisotropic melt spreading, two-phase flow in a debris bed, particle self-leveling and penetration of molten metals into a particle bed. Based on these classifications, the modular code system THERMOS was designed for evaluating the cooling states of underwater debris beds. Three tests, DEFOR-A, PULiMS, and REMCOD were carried in six phases to extend the existing database for validating implemented models. Up to Phase-5, the main part of these tests has been completed and the test plan has been modified from the original one due to occurrences of unforeseeable phenomena and changes in test procedures. This paper summarizes the entire test plan and representative data trends prior to starting individual data analyses and validations of specific models that are planned to be performed in the later phases. Also, it tries to timely report research questions to be answered in future works, such as various scales of melt-coolant interactions observed in the shallow pool PULiMS tests.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Mustamäki, N, et al.
(författare)
-
Faktablad från integrerad kustfiskövervakning 2020:1 – Fjällbacka, Västerhavet, 1989–2019; Torhamn, södra Egentliga Östersjön, 2002–2019; Kvädöfjärden, Egentliga Östersjön, 1981–2019; Holmöarna, Bottniska viken, 1989–2019.
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom den nationella miljöövervakningen av kust och hav bedrivs årligen sedan slutet av 1980-talet ett program för integrerad kustfiskövervakning i fyra nationella referensområden, ett vardera i Bottniska viken, Egentliga Östersjön, södra Egentliga Östersjön och Västerhavet. Syftet med programmet är att kartlägga fiskbeståndens status samt fiskens hälsotillstånd och miljögiftsbelastning för att upptäcka förändringar som indikerar storskalig påverkan av miljöhot som eutrofiering, miljögifter, klimatförändringar och andra miljöfaktorer. Detta faktablad sammanfattar resultaten från den integrerade kustfiskövervakningen i alla fyra områden under tidsperioden 1980–2019. Temperatur, siktdjup och salthalt: Miljöförhållandena, kvantifierat som siktdjup, vattentemperatur och salthalt, i provfiskeområdena har varit relativt stabila sedan början av 2000-talet. Salthalten är naturligt högst i Fjällbacka i Västerhavet och lägst i Holmöarna i Bottniska viken. Längre tidsserier med början under 1960-talet i Kvädöfjärden visar på en ökad övergödning (minskat siktdjup) och en ökad vattentemperatur i området. Dessa förändringar avspeglar både den ökande övergödningen och pågående klimatförändringen i Östersjön. Fisksamhällets struktur och funktion: Fisksamhället i provfiskeområdena påverkas av de lokala miljöbetingelserna och är mer artrikt och diverst i de marina förhållandena i Fjällbacka på Västkusten jämfört med de mer sötvattenspåverkade områdena i Östersjön. I Fjällbacka var provfiskefångsterna av torsk och ål relativt höga under 2019, och ål är även en art för vilken provfiskefångsterna ökat under senare år. I Östersjön finns en generell trend för de tre provfiskeområdena där fångsterna av karpfiskar (framförallt mört) som gynnas av varmare och mer näringsrika vatten har varit höga eller ökande sedan början av 2000-talet. I Holmöarna har även fångsterna av sik ökat och i Torhamn har rovfisken gädda minskat under samma tidsperiod. Abborren är en indikatorart för kustfisksamhällets tillstånd, och det finns en tendens till minskande provfiskefångster av abborre sedan början av 2000-talet i alla områden i Östersjön. De fångade abborrarnas storlek har dock inte ändrats under den studerade tidsperioden. Tillväxt hos abborre och tånglake: Abborrens och tånglakens längd vid ålder har generellt ökat i alla provfiskeområden, vilket indikerar snabbare tillväxt hos fisken. Reproduktion hos tånglake: Det finns inga tydliga tecken på förändring i tånglakens reproduktion sedan början av 2000-talet, även om förekomsten av onormala yngel observerats i alla provfiskeområden och andelen av dessa under enstaka år överskrider det föreslagna gränsvärdet för den naturliga bakgrundsnivån. En oroväckande trend är dock en successiv maskulinisering av tånglakeynglen i Fjällbacka och Kvädöfjärden, där proportionen av honyngel minskat sedan början av 2000-talet. Hälsotillstånd hos abborre och tånglake: Abborrens och tånglakens hälsotillstånd är negativt påverkade i de undersökta kustområdena. Det finns dock tecken på att den negativa utvecklingen har planat ut något under de senaste åren. Den tidigare tidstrenden med minskningen av relativ gonadvikt hos abborrhonor (GSI) har avstannat, men GSI under de senaste åren är fortfarande ca 30 % lägre än i början av tidsperioden. GSI kan påverkas av att fiskens tillväxt ökat, av flera olika miljöfaktorer, samt även av exponering för miljögifter som påverkar könsmognaden och fortplantningen. Den tidigare ökningen i aktiviteten av avgiftningsenzymet EROD hos abborre har avstannat, men aktiviteten under senare år ligger fortfarande på en högre nivå än i början av tidsperioden. Detta tyder på att fisken periodvis är exponerad för organiska miljögifter, t.ex. PAHer eller ämnen med dioxinlik effekt. Starkt ökade aktiviteter av leverenzymerna GR och katalas indikerar även att det föreligger en ökad oxidativ stress hos abborre och tånglake av båda könen. Dessutom observeras hos abborren och tånglaken tecken på påverkat immunförsvar, påverkad saltreglering och ämnesomsättning. Metaller och organiska miljögifter i abborre och tånglake: Flertalet metaller, pesticider och PCB:er visar inga tydliga trender från början av 2000-talet hos varken abborre eller tånglake, men det finns en del undantag. Kvicksilver ökar i abborre men minskar i tånglake. Sett över hela mätserien, från 1980, så minskade halterna av kvicksilver i abborre fram till slutet av 1990-talet för att därefter öka igen. Halterna ligger över EU:s gränsvärde för kvicksilver i toppredatorer, men under gränsvärdet för skydd av människans hälsa vid konsumtion av fiskeriprodukter. Hos abborre ses en indikation på minskande blyhalter i alla provfiskeområden och halterna ligger under EU:s gränsvärde. Halterna av koppar ökar i både abborre och tånglake i Kvädöfjärden. Pesticiden HCB ökar i abborre i Holmöarna och en ökning indikeras även i Kvädöfjärden. Liksom för kvicksilver, har halterna av HCB minskat från tidsseriens början (mitten av 1980-talet) fram till början av 2000-talet, för att därefter öka igen. Halterna ligger under EU:s gränsvärde. Pesticiderna DDE och α-HCH visar inga förändringar. För PCB ses inga tydliga trender men en indikation på minskning ses i abborre i Holmöarna för PCB-118 och PCB-153. Halterna av PCB-153 är under gränsvärdet medan halterna av PCB-118 ligger över gränsvärdet i tånglake i Fjällbacka. Sammanvägd bedömning av tillståndet för kustfisk i referensområdena: Utvecklingen av de studerade fisksamhällena visar en tydlig påverkan från övergödning och klimatförändring, och de ökande fångsterna av karpfisk i områdena i Östersjön indikerar en icke önskvärd utveckling ur ett ekosystemperspektiv. Det finns även positiva signaler i att fångsterna av ål i Fjällbacka, gös i Kvädöfjärden och sik i Holmöarna ökar. Oroväckande för ekosystemets struktur och funktion, samt dess förmåga att bidra med viktiga ekosystemtjänster är de vikande fångsterna av gädda i Torhamn och tendensen till minskade fångster av nyckelarten abborre i alla områden. Vad dessa förändringar grundar sig i är inte klarlagt, men ökad predation från säl, skarv och storspigg är faktorer som kan bidra till det observerade tillståndet. Att abborrens storlek och tillväxt samtidigt ökar tyder på goda förutsättningar för artens populationsutveckling, och indikerar samtidigt att fisketrycket i de undersökta områdena inte är förhöjt. Det kan heller inte uteslutas att den ökade tillväxten hos abborre kan vara kopplad till en minskad inomartskonkurrens då det finns en indikation att förekomsten av abborre minskar i alla områden. Den minskande förekomsten av abborre kan möjligen även kopplas till att fiskens hälsostatus inte är tillfredställande i provfiskeområdena. Ett flertal hälsovariabler uppvisar förändringar och en tydlig påverkan på fiskens hälsa. Utöver inducerat avgiftningssystem och förminskade gonader (bara hos abborre), observeras ökad oxidativ stress, påverkat immunförsvar samtpåverkad saltreglering och ämnesomsättning. Förändringarna visar att flera viktiga fysiologiska funktioner hos fisken är påverkade och det kan inte uteslutas att orsaken kan vara att fisken är exponerad för kemiska ämnen. Vilka ämnen detta är och hur det observerade hälsotillståndet för fisken kopplar till andra miljöförändringar är inte klarlagt, då halterna av de flesta av de undersökta miljögifterna minskar eller är oförändrade över tid. Ökande halter ses dock av kvicksilver och pesticiden HCB i abborre sedan 2002, men inte i tånglake. Detta skulle kunna tyda på förändringar i födoväven och i arternas födoval. Halterna av koppar ökar i abborre både från Holmöarna och Kvädöfjärden och i tånglake från Kvädöfjärden. Detta skulle kunna bero på den ökade användningen av båtbottenfärger innehållandes koppar under de senaste 10 åren, men andra förklaringar är också möjliga. Den pågående maskuliniseringen av tånglakeynglen i Fjällbacka och den periodvis höga andelen av onormala yngel är ytterligare en indikation på att tillståndet i våra kustfisksamhällen inte är tillfredställande. Orsaken bakom detta är inte klarlagt.Det är oroande att de observerade förändringarna sker i referensområden som anses vara relativt opåverkade av direkt mänsklig aktivitet. Det är därför angeläget att klarlägga om det är okända miljögifter, kända miljögifter som inte övervakas idag, utöver andra bakomliggande miljöfaktorer såsom övergödning, klimatförändringar och förändrad födovävsstruktur som orsakar förändringarna i kustfiskens hälsotillstånd och förändringarna som ses på populationsnivå hos abborre, rovfisk och karpfisk.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Sköld, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Simultaneous waveform and bit-error-rate measurements of 66 GBd PDM-16-QAM signals
- 2011
-
Ingår i: 37th European Conference on Optical Communication and Exhibition, ECOC 2011, Geneva, 18 September 2011 through 22 September 2011. - 2162-2701. - 9781557529312
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate waveform analysis and BER measurements of a PDM-NRZ-16-QAM signal at a record base symbol rate using asynchronous optical under-sampling. A BER below the FEC limit was achieved at 528 Gbit/s.
|
|
| 19. |
- Sunnerud, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Time-resolved error vector magnitude for transmitter mask testing in coherent optical transmission systems
- 2011
-
Ingår i: 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OFC/NFOEC 2011. - Washington, D.C. : OSA. - 2162-2701. - 9781557529060 ; , s. 223-225
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a novel transition-sensitive measurement approach for coherent optical systems. The time-resolved error vector magnitude (EVM), combined with mask testing, is a powerful tool for pass/fail testing of transmitters in coherent systems.
|
|
| 20. |
- Taube, Fabian, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and environmental risk factors in a military context : Amyotrofisk lateral skleros (ALS) och miljöriskfaktorer inom militär verksamhet
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden, approximately 220 people are diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) yearly. In 90% of the cases, the cause seems to be a combination of mutations and environmental risk factors, such as exposure to chemicals, head trauma, extreme physical exercise and electromagnetic radiation. Studies have found a correlation between elevated levels of lead in blood and increased risk of ALS among US veterans. However, the occurrence of ALS among professional shooters or recreational shooters has not been made clear. There is a small but significant risk increase for ALS in workers with prolonged occupational exposure to pesticides. However, military personnel are not considered to have prolonged exposure of pesticides. There is a slight increase in risk of ALS in workers who are continuously exposed to low frequency electromagnetic radiation. However, it is unclear whether electromagnetic radiation increases the risk of ALS among military personnel. Studies indicate an increase in ALS among persons exposed to hard physical exertion and/or repeated mild trauma. It is possible that this type of exposure may cause the type of improper protein folding associated with the onset of ALS. Military service members are exposed to low-grade, sometimes prolonged and parallel, exposure to several environmental risk factors. It is possible that multifactorial exposures increase the risk of developing ALS.
|
|
| 21. |
- Vonk, Jorien E., et al.
(författare)
-
Temporal deconvolution of vascular plant-derived fatty acids exported from terrestrial watersheds
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 244, s. 502-521
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relatively little is known about the amount of time that lapses between the photosynthetic fixation of carbon by vascular land plants and its incorporation into the marine sedimentary record, yet the dynamics of terrestrial carbon sequestration have important implications for the carbon cycle. Vascular plant carbon may encounter multiple potential intermediate storage pools and transport trajectories, and the age of vascular plant carbon accumulating in marine sediments will reflect these different pre-depositional histories. Here, we examine down-core C-14 profiles of higher plant leaf wax-derived fatty acids isolated from high fidelity sedimentary sequences spanning the so-called bomb-spike, and encompassing a ca. 60-degree latitudinal gradient from tropical (Cariaco Basin), temperate (Saanich Inlet), and polar (Mackenzie Delta) watersheds to constrain integrated vascular plant carbon storage/transport times (residence times). Using a modeling framework, we find that, in addition to a young (conditionally defined as < 50 y) carbon pool, an old pool of compounds comprises 49 to 78 % of the fractional contribution of organic carbon (OC) and exhibits variable ages reflective of the environmental setting. For the Mackenzie Delta sediments, we find a mean age of the old pool of 28 ky (+/- 9.4, standard deviation), indicating extensive pre-aging in permafrost soils, whereas the old pools in Saanich Inlet and Cariaco Basin sediments are younger, 7.9 (+/- 5.0) and 2.4 (+/- 0.50) to 3.2 (+/- 0.54) ky, respectively, indicating less protracted storage in terrestrial reservoirs. The young pool showed clear annual contributions for Saanich Inlet and Mackenzie Delta sediments (comprising 24% and 16% of this pool, respectively), likely reflecting episodic transport of OC from steep hillside slopes surrounding Saanich Inlet and annual spring flood deposition in the Mackenzie Delta, respectively. Contributions of 5-10 year old OC to the Cariaco Basin show a short delay of OC inflow, potentially related to transport time to the offshore basin. Modeling results also indicate that the Mackenzie Delta has an influx of young but decadal material (20-30 years of age), pointing to the presence of an intermediate reservoir. Overall, these results show that a significant fraction of vascular plant C undergoes pre-aging in terrestrial reservoirs prior to accumulation in deltaic and marine sediments. The age distribution, reflecting both storage and transport times, likely depends on landscape-specific factors such as local topography, hydrographic characteristics, and mean annual temperature of the catchment, all of which affect the degree of soil buildup and preservation. We show that catchment-specific carbon residence times across landscapes can vary by an order of magnitude, with important implications both for carbon cycle studies and for the interpretation of molecular terrestrial paleoclimate records preserved in sedimentary sequences.
|
|
| 22. |
- Andappan, Murugaiah M. S., et al.
(författare)
-
From the First Selective Non-Peptide AT(2) Receptor Agonist to Structurally Related Antagonists
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 55:5, s. 2265-2278
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A para substitution pattern of the phenyl ring is a characteristic feature of the first reported selective AT(2) receptor agonist M024/C21 (1) and all the nonpeptidic AT(2) receptor agonists described so far. Two series of compounds structurally related to 1 but with a meta substitution pattern have now been synthesized and biologically evaluated for their affinity to the AT(1) and AT(2) receptors. A high AT(2)/AT(1) receptor selectivity was obtained with all 41 compounds synthesized, and the majority exhibited K-i ranging from 2 to 100 nM. Five compounds were evaluated for their functional activity at the AT(2) receptor, applying a neurite outgrowth assay in NG108-15 cells.. Notably, four of the five compounds, with representatives from both series, acted as potent AT(2) receptor antagonists. These compounds were found to be considerably more effective than PD 123,319, the standard AT(2) receptor antagonist used in most laboratories. No AT(2) receptor antagonists were previously reported among the derivatives with a para substitution pattern. Hence, by a minor modification of the agonist 1 it could be transformed into the antagonist, compound 38. These compounds should serve as valuable tools in the assessment of the role of the AT(2) receptor in more complex physiological models.
|
|
| 23. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Att värdera ekosystemtjänster
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Gröna Fakta från Utemiljö. - Landvetter : Marietorp förlag. - 0284-9798. ; :8, s. I-VIII
-
Forskningsöversikt (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Begreppet ekosystemtjänster används allt oftare och värdet av ekosystemtjänsterna ska, enligt Naturvårdsverkets etappmål, vara allmänt kända och integrerade i olika ställningstaganden och beslut senast 2018. Här förklaras begreppet i korthet och några tips om hur det kan implementeras i kommuner ges. Därefter beskriver forskarna Yvonne Andersson-Sköld och Jenny Klingberg ett forskningsprojekt som de har deltagit i och vars resultat är en handbok om hur ekosystemtjänster kan värderas.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Benteke, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Population- vs. risk-based applications of fissure sealants in first permanent molars: a 13-year follow-up.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Oral health & preventive dentistry. ; 4:151-156
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the long-term outcome of a population-based and a risk-based strategy of applying fissure sealants in newly erupted first permanent molars. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study in primary dental care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred and ninety-six subjects from two cohorts were included. In group P (n = 236), routine applications of fissure sealants were conducted while sealants were placed on the basis of subjective criteria in Group R (n = 260). Data of applications, maintenance, decay, restorations, extractions, and cumulative time of applications from six to 19 years were extracted from the dental records and bite-wing radiographs by two of the authors simultaneously. The main outcome measures were the total caries prevalence at the age of 19 years as well as the fate of each sealed and non-sealed occlusal surface. RESULTS: In group P, 87.7% of all first permanent molars were sealed compared with 20.2% in group R. There was no statistically significant difference concerningthe total DFT at 19 years of age between the groups (mean 3.5 +/- 3.8 vs. 3.7 +/- 3.4). Considering the occlusal surfaces of the first permanent molars only, a statistically significant treatment effect was demonstrated in group P with an odds ratio of 4.6 (95% CI: 3.0 - 6.7; p < 0.05). The absolute risk reduction was 36.3% and the number needed to treat was 2.8. In Group R, no statistically significant treatment effect was disclosed (OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 0.9 - 1.7; risk reduction 5.5%). CONCLUSION: This 13-year follow-up showed that population-based applications of fissure sealants in first permanent molars shortly after eruption showed a statistically significant treatment effect on the occlusal surfaces at the age of 19 years, which was in contrast to findings from a cohort in which sealants were applied on the basis of an individual risk-based strategy. There were, however, no significant differences concerning the total caries experience between the two cohorts
|
|
| 26. |
- Bergen, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Neurite Growth and Polarization on Vitronectin Substrate after in Vitro Trauma is not Enhanced after IGF Treatment
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Brain Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3425. ; 8:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following traumatic brain injuries (TBI), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is cortically widely upregulated. This upregulation has a potential role in the recovery of neuronal tissue, plasticity, and neurotrophic activity, though the molecular mechanisms involved in IGF regulation and the exact role of IGF after TBI remain unclear. Vitronectin (VN), an extracellular matrix (ECM) molecule, has recently been shown to be of importance for IGF-mediated cellular growth and migration. Since VN is downregulated after TBI, we hypothesized that insufficient VN levels after TBI impairs the potential beneficial activity of IGF. To test if vitronectin and IGF-1/IGFBP-2 could contribute to neurite growth, we cultured hippocampal neurons on +/- vitronectin-coated coverslips and them treated with +/- IGF-1/IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2). Under same conditions, cell cultures were also subjected to in vitro trauma to investigate differences in the posttraumatic regenerative capacity with +/- vitronectin-coated coverslips and with +/- IGF-1/IGFBP-2 treatment. In both the control and trauma situations, hippocampal neurons showed a stronger growth pattern on vitronectin than on the control substrate. Surprisingly, the addition of IGF-1/IGFBP-2 showed a decrease in neurite growth. Since neurite growth was measured as the number of neurites per area, we hypothesized that IGF-1/IGFBP-2 contributes to the polarization of neurons and thus induced a less dense neurite network after IGF-1/IGFBP-2 treatment. This hypothesis could not be confirmed and we therefore conclude that vitronectin has a positive effect on neurite growth in vitro both under normal conditions and after trauma, but that addition of IGF-1/IGFBP-2 does not have a positive additive effect.
|
|
| 27. |
- Bergström, Eva-Karin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Approximal caries increment in adolescents in a low caries prevalence area in Sweden after a 3.5-year school-based fluoride varnish programme with Bifluorid 12 and Duraphat
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. - : Wiley. - 0301-5661. ; 42:5, s. 404-411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo evaluate approximal caries increment among 12- to 16-year-olds in a low caries prevalence area in Sweden after a 3.5-year school-based fluoride (F) varnish programme with Bifluorid 12 and Duraphat. MethodsThe design was a RCT study with 1365 adolescents, divided into following four groups: Group 1 Bifluorid 12 two applications/year; Group 2 Duraphat two applications/year; Group 3 Bifluorid 12 four applications/year and Group 4 no F varnish at school. 1143 children (84%) completed the study. Approximal caries was registered on bitewing radiographs. ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in caries prevalence among the groups either at baseline or after 3.5years . The caries increment for Group 1 was 1.342.99 (mean +/- SD), 1.24 +/- 2.84 for Group 2, 1.07 +/- 2.66 for Group 3 and 1.25 +/- 2.75 for Group 4, with no statically significant differences either between Bifluorid 12 and Duraphat with the same frequency of F varnish applications or between the F groups and the control group. ConclusionsIn an area with low caries prevalence in Sweden, the supplementary caries-preventive effect of school-based F varnish applications, to regular use of F toothpaste at home and to regular caries prevention given at the Public Dental Clinics, appears to be nonsignificant regarding approximal caries increment.
|
|
| 28. |
- Blomberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Patofysiologi vid KOL
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Lungmedicin. - Lund, Sweden : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144008479 ; , s. 371-385
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 29. |
- Boeva, Veselka, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of Organizational Structure through Cluster Validation Techniques Evaluation of email communications at an organizational level
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 2017 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING WORKSHOPS (ICDMW 2017). - : IEEE. - 9781538638002 ; , s. 170-176
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we report an ongoing study that aims to apply cluster validation measures for analyzing email communications at an organizational level of a company. This analysis can be used to evaluate the company structure and to produce further recommendations for structural improvements. Our initial evaluations, based on data in the forms of emails logs and organizational structure for a large European telecommunication company, show that cluster validation techniques can be useful tools for assessing the organizational structure using objective analysis of internal email communications, and for simulating and studying different reorganization scenarios.
|
|
| 30. |
- Boeva, Veselka, Professor, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of organizational structure through cluster validation analysis of email communications
- 2018
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE. - : Springer Nature. - 2432-2717 .- 2432-2725. ; 1:2, s. 327-347
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we apply cluster validation measures for analyzing email communications at an organizational level of a company. This analysis can be used to evaluate the company structure and to produce further recommendations for structural improvements. Our evaluations, based on data in the forms of email logs and organizational structure for a large European telecommunication company, show that cluster validation techniques can be useful tools for assessing the organizational structure using objective analysis of internal email communications, and for simulating and studying different reorganization scenarios.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Callaghan, Terry V., et al.
(författare)
-
Multiple Effects of Changes in Arctic Snow Cover
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Ambio: a Journal of Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40, s. 32-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snow cover plays a major role in the climate, hydrological and ecological systems of the Arctic and other regions through its influence on the surface energy balance (e.g. reflectivity), water balance (e.g. water storage and release), thermal regimes (e.g. insulation), vegetation and trace gas fluxes. Feedbacks to the climate system have global consequences. The livelihoods and well-being of Arctic residents and many services for the wider population depend on snow conditions so changes have important consequences. Already, changing snow conditions, particularly reduced summer soil moisture, winter thaw events and rain-on-snow conditions have negatively affected commercial forestry, reindeer herding, some wild animal populations and vegetation. Reductions in snow cover are also adversely impacting indigenous peoples' access to traditional foods with negative impacts on human health and well-being. However, there are likely to be some benefits from a changing Arctic snow regime such as more even run-off from melting snow that favours hydropower operations.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Carroll, Daire, et al.
(författare)
-
120-years of ecological monitoring data shows that the risk of overhunting is increased by environmental degradation for an isolated marine mammal population : The Baltic grey seal
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - 0021-8790 .- 1365-2656. ; 93:5, s. 525-539
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Baltic Sea is home to a genetically isolated and morphologically distinct grey seal population. This population has been the subject of 120-years of careful documentation, from detailed records of bounty statistics to annual monitoring of health and abundance. It has also been exposed to a range of well-documented stressors, including hunting, pollution and climate change. To investigate the vulnerability of marine mammal populations to multiple stressors, data series relating to the Baltic grey seal population size, hunt and health were compiled, vital demographic rates were estimated, and a detailed population model was constructed. The Baltic grey seal population fell from approximately 90,000 to as few as 3000 individuals during the 1900s as the result of hunting and pollution. Subsequently, the population has recovered to approximately 55,000 individuals. Fertility levels for mature females have increased from 9% in the 1970s to 86% at present. The recovery of the population has led to demands for increased hunting, resulting in a sudden increase in annual quotas from a few hundred to 3550 in 2020. Simultaneously, environmental changes, such as warmer winters and reduced prey availability due to overfishing, are likely impacting fecundity and health. Future population development is projected for a range of hunting and environmental stress scenarios, illustrating how hunting, in combination with environmental degradation, can lead to population collapse. The current combined hunting quotas of all Baltic Nations caused a 10% population decline within three generations in 100% of simulations. To enable continued recovery of the population, combined annual quotas of less than 1900 are needed, although this quota should be re-evaluated annually as monitoring of population size and seal health continues. Sustainable management of long-lived slowly growing species requires an understanding of the drivers of population growth and the repercussions of management decisions over many decades. The case of the Baltic grey seal illustrates how long-term ecological time series are pivotal in establishing historical baselines in population abundance and demography to inform sustainable management.
|
|
| 35. |
- Carroll, Daire, et al.
(författare)
-
120-years of ecological monitoring data shows that the risk of overhunting is increased by environmental degradation for an isolated marine mammal population: The Baltic grey seal
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - 0021-8790 .- 1365-2656. ; 93, s. 525-539
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Baltic Sea is home to a genetically isolated and morphologically distinct grey seal population. This population has been the subject of 120-years of careful documentation, from detailed records of bounty statistics to annual monitoring of health and abundance. It has also been exposed to a range of well-documented stressors, including hunting, pollution and climate change. To investigate the vulnerability of marine mammal populations to multiple stressors, data series relating to the Baltic grey seal population size, hunt and health were compiled, vital demographic rates were estimated, and a detailed population model was constructed. The Baltic grey seal population fell from approximately 90,000 to as few as 3000 individuals during the 1900s as the result of hunting and pollution. Subsequently, the population has recovered to approximately 55,000 individuals. Fertility levels for mature females have increased from 9% in the 1970s to 86% at present. The recovery of the population has led to demands for increased hunting, resulting in a sudden increase in annual quotas from a few hundred to 3550 in 2020. Simultaneously, environmental changes, such as warmer winters and reduced prey availability due to overfishing, are likely impacting fecundity and health. Future population development is projected for a range of hunting and environmental stress scenarios, illustrating how hunting, in combination with environmental degradation, can lead to population collapse. The current combined hunting quotas of all Baltic Nations caused a 10% population decline within three generations in 100% of simulations. To enable continued recovery of the population, combined annual quotas of less than 1900 are needed, although this quota should be re-evaluated annually as monitoring of population size and seal health continues. Sustainable management of long-lived slowly growing species requires an understanding of the drivers of population growth and the repercussions of management decisions over many decades. The case of the Baltic grey seal illustrates how long-term ecological time series are pivotal in establishing historical baselines in population abundance and demography to inform sustainable management.
|
|
| 36. |
- Che, Karlhans Fru, et al.
(författare)
-
The neutrophil-mobilizing cytokine interleukin-26 in the airways of long-term tobacco smokers
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Clinical Science. - 0143-5221. ; 132:9, s. 959-983
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term tobacco smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or chronic bronchitis display an excessive accumulation of neutrophils in the airways; an inflammation that responds poorly to established therapy. Thus, there is a need to identify new molecular targets for the development of effective therapy. Here, we hypothesized that the neutrophil-mobilizing cytokine interleukin (IL)-26 (IL-26) is involved in airway inflammation amongst long-term tobacco smokers with or without COPD, chronic bronchitis or colonization by pathogenic bacteria. By analyzing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), bronchail wash (BW) and induced sputum (IS) samples, we found increased extracellular IL-26 protein in the airways of long-term smokers in vivo without further increase amongst those with clinically stable COPD. In human alveolar macrophages (AM) in vitro, the exposure to water-soluble tobacco smoke components (WTC) enhanced IL-26 gene and protein. In this cell model, the same exposure increased gene expression of the IL-26 receptor complex (IL10R2 and IL20R1) and nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB); a proven regulator of IL-26 production. In the same cell model, recombinant human IL-26 in vitro caused a concentration-dependent increase in the gene expression of NF-κB and several pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the long-term smokers, we also observed that extracellular IL-26 protein in BAL samples correlates with measures of lung function, tobacco load, and several markers of neutrophil accumulation. Extracellular IL-26 was further increased in long-term smokers with exacerbations of COPD (IS samples), with chronic bronchitis (BAL samples ) or with colonization by pathogenic bacteria (IS and BW samples). Thus, IL-26 in the airways emerges as a promising target for improving the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms behind several pulmonary morbidities in long-term tobacco smokers.
|
|
| 37. |
- Cortesi, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Phenotypic Plasticity Confers Multiple Fitness Benefits to a Mimic
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822. ; 25:7, s. 949-954
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal communication is often deceptive; however, such dishonesty can become ineffective if it is used too often, is used out of context, or is too easy to detect [1-3]. Mimicry is a common form of deception, and most mimics gain the greatest fitness benefits when they are rare compared to their models [3, 4]. If mimics are encountered too frequently or if their model is absent, avoidance learning of noxious models is disrupted (Batesian mimicry [3]), or receivers become more vigilant and learn to avoid perilous mimics (aggressive mimicry [4]). Mimics can moderate this selective constraint by imperfectly resembling multiple models [5], through polymorphisms [6], or by opportunistically deploying mimetic signals [1, 7]. Here we uncover a novel mechanism to escape the constraints of deceptive signaling: phenotypic plasticity allows mimics to deceive targets using multiple guises. Using a combination of behavioral, cell histological, and molecular methods, we show that a coral reef fish, the dusky dottyback (Pseudochromis fuscus), flexibly adapts its body coloration to mimic differently colored reef fishes and in doing so gains multiple fitness benefits. We find that by matching the color of other reef fish, dottybacks increase their success of predation upon juvenile fish prey and are therefore able to deceive their victims by resembling multiple models. Furthermore, we demonstrate that changing color also increases habitat-associated crypsis that decreases the risk of being detected by predators. Hence, when mimics and models share common selective pressures, flexible imitation of models might inherently confer secondary benefits to mimics. Our results show that phenotypic plasticity can act as a mechanism to ease constraints that are typically associated with deception.
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Flensburg, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Applications of an improved bag model
- 1984
-
Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields. - 0170-9739. ; 22:3, s. 293-300
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phenomenological consequences of a recently improved and unified study of the lowestlying hadrons in the MIT Bag model are explored. In contrast to earlier fits we find the new values for the Bag constant B1/4(200-230 MeV) and the hadronic radii R0(≈3.2 GeV-1) to be consistent with present estimates of the gluon condensate {Mathematical expression}, the Hagedorn temperature TH and experimental hyperon decay rates. We also calculate the {Mathematical expression} spectrum within the same MIT Bag model framework and find for the exotic state m1-+≃1400 MeV. This result roughly agrees with earlier estimates using different methods and parameters.
|
|
| 41. |
- Fransson, Rebecca, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Constrained H-Phe-Phe-NH2 Analogues With High Affinity to the Substance P 1-7 Binding Site and With Improved Metabolic Stability and Cell Permeability
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 56:12, s. 4953-4965
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We recently reported the discovery of H-Phe-Phe-NH2 as a small and high affinity ligand for the substance P 1-7 (SP1-7, H-Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-OH) specific binding site and its intriguing ability to reduce neuropathic pain. With the overall aim to develop stable and orally bioavailable SP1-7 mimetics, the dipeptide was chosen as a lead compound. Herein the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a set of modified H-Phe-Phe-NH2 analogues is presented together with their potential active uptake by PEPT1 transporter, intestinal permeability, and metabolic stability. Local constraints via peptide backbone methylation or preparation of cyclized analogues based on pyrrolidine were evaluated and were shown to significantly improve the in vitro pharmacokinetic properties. The SAR was rationalized by deriving a plausible binding pose for the high affinity ligands. Rigidification using a 3-phenylpyrrolidine moiety in the C-terminal of H-Phe-Phe-NH2 resulted in high affinity and improved intrinsic clearance and intestinal epithelial permeability.
|
|
| 42. |
- Henriksson, Tommy, 1978-
(författare)
-
CONTRIBUTION TO QUANTITATIVE MICROWAVE IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation presents a contribution to quantitative microwave imaging for breast tumor detection. The study made in the frame of a joint supervision Ph.D. thesis between University Paris-SUD 11 (France) and Mälardalen University (Sweden), has been conducted through two experimental microwave imaging setups, the existing 2.45 GHz planar camera (France) and the multi-frequency flexible robotic system, (Sweden), under development. In this context a 2D scalar flexible numerical tool based on a Newton-Kantorovich (NK) scheme, has been developed. Quantitative microwave imaging is a three dimensional vectorial nonlinear inverse scattering problem, where the complex permittivity of an object is reconstructed from the measured scattered field, produced by the object. The NK scheme is used in order to deal with the nonlinearity and the ill-posed nature of this problem. A TM polarization and a two dimensional medium configuration have been considered in order to avoid its vectorial aspect. The solution is found iteratively by minimizing the square norm of the error with respect to the scattered field data. Consequently, the convergence of such iterative process requires, at least two conditions. First, an efficient calibration of the experimental system has to be associated to the minimization of model errors. Second, the mean square difference of the scattered field introduced by the presence of the tumor has to be large enough, according to the sensitivity of the imaging system. The existing planar camera associated to a flexible 2D scalar NK code, are considered as an experimental platform for quantitative breast imaging. A preliminary numerical study shows that the multi-view planar system is quite efficient for realistic breast tumor phantoms, according to its characteristics (frequency, planar geometry and water as a coupling medium), as long as realistic noisy data are considered. Furthermore, a multi-incidence planar system, more appropriate in term of antenna-array arrangement, is proposed and its concept is numerically validated. On the other hand, an experimental work which includes a new fluid-mixture for the realization of a narrow band cylindrical breast phantom, a deep investigation in the calibration process and model error minimization, is presented. This conducts to the first quantitative reconstruction of a realistic breast phantom by using multi-view data from the planar camera. Next, both the qualitative and quantitative reconstruction of 3D inclusions into the cylindrical breast phantom, by using data from all the retina, are shown and discussed. Finally, the extended work towards the flexible robotic system is presented.
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Levänen, Bettina, et al.
(författare)
-
Altered microRNA profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exosomes in asthmatic patients.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 131:3, s. 894-903
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Asthma is characterized by increased airway narrowing in response to nonspecific stimuli. The disorder is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles of endosomal origin released from inflammatory and epithelial cells that have been implicated in asthma. In this study we characterized the microRNA (miRNA) content of exosomes in healthy control subjects and patients with mild intermittent asthma both at unprovoked baseline and in response to environmental challenge.OBJECTIVE: To investigate alterations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) exosomal miRNA profiles due to asthma, and following subway air exposure.METHODS: Exosomes were isolated from BALF from healthy control subjects (n = 10) and patients with mild intermittent asthma (n = 10) after subway and control exposures. Exosomal RNA was analyzed by using microarrays containing probes for 894 human miRNAs, and selected findings were validated with quantitative RT-PCR. Results were analyzed by using multivariate modeling.RESULTS: The presence of miRNAs was confirmed in exosomes from BALF of both asthmatic patients and healthy control subjects. Significant differences in BALF exosomal miRNA was detected for 24 miRNAs with a subset of 16 miRNAs, including members of the let-7 and miRNA-200 families, providing robust classification of patients with mild nonsymptomatic asthma from healthy subjects with 72% cross-validated predictive power (Q(2) = 0.72). In contrast, subway exposure did not cause any significant alterations in miRNA profiles.CONCLUSION: These studies demonstrate substantial differences in exosomal miRNA profiles between healthy subjects and patients with unprovoked, mild, stable asthma. These changes might be important in the inflammatory response leading to bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma.
|
|
| 46. |
- Lidin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Hippocampal Expression of Cytochrome P450 1B1 in Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 23:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hippocampal dysfunction contributes to multiple traumatic brain injury sequala. Female rodents’ outcome is superior to male which has been ascribed the neuroprotective sex hormones 17β-estradiol and progesterone. Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is an oxidative enzyme influencing the neuroinflammatory response by creating inflammatory mediators and metabolizing neuroprotective 17β-estradiol and progesterone. In this study, we aimed to describe hippocampal CYP1B1 mRNA expression, protein presence of CYP1B1 and its key redox partner Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) in both sexes, as well as the effect of penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI). A total 64 adult Sprague Dawley rats divided by sex received pTBI or sham-surgery and were assigned survival times of 1-, 3-, 5-or 7 days. CYP1B1 mRNA was quantified using in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry performed to verify protein colocalization. CYP1B1 mRNA expression was present in all subregions but greatest in CA2 irrespective of sex, survival time or intervention. At 3-, 5-and 7 days post-injury, expression in CA2 was reduced in male rats subjected to pTBI compared to sham-surgery. Females subjected to pTBI instead exhibited increased expression in all CA subregions 3 days post-injury, the only time point expression in CA2 was greater in females than in males. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed neuronal CYP1B1 protein in all hippocampal subregions, while CPR was limited to CA1 and CA2. CYP1B1 mRNA is constitutively expressed in both sexes. In response to pTBI, females displayed a more urgent but brief regulatory response than males. This indicates there may be sex-dependent differences in CYP1B1 activity, possibly influencing inflammation and neuroprotection in pTBI.
|
|
| 47. |
- Lundström, Susanna L., et al.
(författare)
-
Asthmatics exhibit altered oxylipin profiles compared to healthy individuals after subway air exposure
- 2011
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 6:8, s. e23864-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and oxidants are important factors in causing exacerbations in asthmatics, and the source and composition of pollutants greatly affects pathological implications.Objectives: This randomized crossover study investigated responses of the respiratory system to Stockholm subway air in asthmatics and healthy individuals. Eicosanoids and other oxylipins were quantified in the distal lung to provide a measure of shifts in lipid mediators in association with exposure to subway air relative to ambient air.Methods: Sixty-four oxylipins representing the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic pathways were screened using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-fluid. Validations through immunocytochemistry staining of BAL-cells were performed for 15-LOX-1, COX-1, COX-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). Multivariate statistics were employed to interrogate acquired oxylipin and immunocytochemistry data in combination with patient clinical information.Results: Asthmatics and healthy individuals exhibited divergent oxylipin profiles following exposure to ambient and subway air. Significant changes were observed in 8 metabolites of linoleic- and alpha-linolenic acid synthesized via the 15-LOX pathway, and of the COX product prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). Oxylipin levels were increased in healthy individuals following exposure to subway air, whereas asthmatics evidenced decreases or no change.Conclusions: Several of the altered oxylipins have known or suspected bronchoprotective or anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting a possible reduced anti-inflammatory response in asthmatics following exposure to subway air. These observations may have ramifications for sensitive subpopulations in urban areas.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Martens, Jannik, et al.
(författare)
-
Remobilization of Old Permafrost Carbon to Chukchi Sea Sediments During the End of the Last Deglaciation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 33:1, s. 2-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate warming is expected to destabilize permafrost carbon (PF-C) by thaw-erosion and deepening of the seasonally thawed active layer and thereby promote PF-C mineralization to CO2 and CH4. A similar PF-C remobilization might have contributed to the increase in atmospheric CO2 during deglacial warming after the last glacial maximum. Using carbon isotopes and terrestrial biomarkers (Delta C-14, delta C-13, and lignin phenols), this study quantifies deposition of terrestrial carbon originating from permafrost in sediments from the Chukchi Sea (core SWERUS-L2-4-PC1). The sediment core reconstructs remobilization of permafrost carbon during the late Allerod warm period starting at 13,000 cal years before present (BP), the Younger Dryas, and the early Holocene warming until 11,000 cal years BP and compares this period with the late Holocene, from 3,650 years BP until present. Dual-carbon-isotope-based source apportionment demonstrates that Ice Complex Deposit-ice- and carbon-rich permafrost from the late Pleistocene (also referred to as Yedoma)-was the dominant source of organic carbon (66 +/- 8%; mean +/- standard deviation) to sediments during the end of the deglaciation, with fluxes more than twice as high (8.0 +/- 4.6 g.m(-2).year(-1)) as in the late Holocene (3.1 +/- 1.0 g.m(-2).year(-1)). These results are consistent with late deglacial PF-C remobilization observed in a Laptev Sea record, yet in contrast with PF-C sources, which at that location were dominated by active layer material from the Lena River watershed. Release of dormant PF-C from erosion of coastal permafrost during the end of the last deglaciation indicates vulnerability of Ice Complex Deposit in response to future warming and sea level changes.
|
|
