| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Fahlén, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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State sport policy for indigenous sport : inclusive ambitions and exclusive coalitions
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. - : Routledge. - 1940-6940 .- 1940-6959. ; :1, s. 173-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the policy aim ‘Sport for all’ as a backdrop, this paper investigates sport policies for Sami sport in Sweden and Norway (the Sami is the indigenous people residing in the northern parts of Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden). By applying an Advocacy Coalition Framework, the purpose of the paper is to explore how the organisation of and possibilities to exercise Sami sport are affected by political coalitions, social structures and institutions. Drawing on data from policy documents and interviews with government and Sami Parliament representatives, results show how institutionalised relationships affect the general ambitions to provide sport for all and the more specific ambitions to reach underrepresented groups. In both countries, dominant coalitions are made up by the institutionalised cooperation between the states’ Ministry of Culture and the umbrella sport organisations. Alternative and emerging coalitions are made up by the Sami sport organisations, the Sami Parliaments and the Sami policy units f the states. While the dominant coalition is stronger in Sweden, the alternative coalition is stronger in Norway. These differences are interpreted as being results of policy elements outside the policy subsystem of sport – the two countries’ different relationships to legal adoptions of indigenous rights. These findings suggest that approaching sport organisations outside dominant coalitions can be conducive in reaching sport for all ambitions.
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| 3. |
- Fahlén, Josef, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The introduction of gender quotas in sport governing bodies and the conceptualizations of 'adequate' representation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts 2019 International Sociology of Sport Conference. - : University of Otago. ; , s. 18-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is twofold. First, we aim to construct knowledge on the conceptualizations of democratic representation that underpin selection processes to sport organization boards. Second, we seek to examine responses to policy tools used to achieve 'adequate' representation in sport governance (e.g., gender quotas) that these conceptualizations of representation may give rise to in order to be able to discuss some of the uninteded consequences that may follow on the use of policy tools in this area. The analysis draws on data from interviews with representatives of 62 (out of 72) Swedish National Sport Organizations' nomination committees and focuses on the relationship between views of representation and stances towards an impeding introduction of a mandatory 40/60 board gender quota in all governing bodies in Swedish voluntary sport. The analysis elucidates, first, that conceptualizations among the interviewees may be categorized as either 'standing for' or 'acting for' views of representation (Fenichel Pitkin, 1972). Second, responsiveness to the introduction of a gender quota is shown to be related to these views of representation, with the dominating acting for view of representation being linked to a sceptic stance towards a quota. These findings suggest that employing policy tools such as gender quotas runs the risk of giving rise to two uninteded consequences: 1) creating overrepresentation of a gender in a board not matching the gender distribution in the membership-cadre (something that may be viewed as undemocratic); and 2) overshadowing other, equally important, representation categories (e.g., age or geographic origin).
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| 4. |
- Ferry, Magnus
(författare)
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Idrottsprofilerad utbildning : i spåren av en avreglerad skola
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the Swedish school sports system, a system which has evolved since the beginning of the 1970s, the prevalence of which has increased significantly at all school levels since the mid-1990s and today attracts a large number of pupils and teachers.Starting with the neoliberal discourse which has had a major impact on the development of the Swedish school system, and inspired by Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical framework, the reasons for the emergence of the school sports system and the reasons why schools chose to specialise in sport is described. Also examined are the pupils and teachers involved and the mechanics behind their participation.Empirically, this thesis is based on registry data, telephone interviews with principals at schools offering school sports and questionnaires responses from pupils and teachers involved in school sports.The results of the thesis suggest that the main reason school sports has become so common is closely connected to increased competition on the local school market; by offering school sports, schools have found a possible way to attract more pupils. Furthermore, the results show that the social characteristics of pupils who have been selected or have chosen to participate in school sports differs from the national population of pupils and participants in sports clubs. This suggests that the available supply of school sports is better adapted to some pupils’ social backgrounds and habitus. In relation to the teachers involved, the results show that other resources than what is normally required to become a teacher is valued in school sports. Instead of a teacher certificate, a coaching education and experiences in competitive sport is valued highly which suggests that this is recognised as symbolic capital for teachers in school sports.In conclusion this thesis demonstrates that school sports is influenced by both the fields of education and sport, and that the increased supply of school sports has implications for both fields.
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| 5. |
- Lehtonen, Kati, et al.
(författare)
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The art of balance : indigenous sport governance between traditional government and self-governance
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Review for the Sociology of Sport. - : Sage Publications. - 1012-6902 .- 1461-7218. ; 59:4, s. 579-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The governance of Indigenous people is in many contexts a combination of political ambitions to promote self-governance, and more traditional policies and governance practices. These combinations often carry unintended contradictions and exclusionary processes. In this article, we investigate the consequences of one such contradiction: the aspiration for self-determination and self-governance on the one hand and the aspiration for broader political influence in decisions about resources to Sámi sport on the other. Since legitimation of governance structures and practices is essential for their overall functionality, we constructed the research question: What strategies are used to legitimise the policy and governance practices of Sámi sport? To explore this research question, we employed Sámi sport in Finland as an empirical case. Results show that authorisation as a legitimation strategy is prominent and used at institutional and individual levels. Moral evaluation as strategy is based on authoritative actors' personal choice. Inclusion and integration in mainstream policy is seen as a rational legitimation strategy, which is supported by narratives where smallness and uniqueness are dominant.
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| 6. |
- Skille, Eivind, et al.
(författare)
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Inside-out and outside-in : applying the concept of conventions in the analysis of policy implementation through sport clubs
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Review for the Sociology of Sport. - : Sage Publications. - 1012-6902 .- 1461-7218. ; 53:7, s. 837-853
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to enrich theoretically the analysis of processes of policy implementation through sport clubs. Subsequent to reviewing previous theoretical contributions on this topic, we make the case that available conceptualizations are marked by an inside-out perspective and that they conceptually and empirically stop short at the end implementer, i.e. the sport club. Consequently, analyses of policy implementation through sport clubs have not taken into account the fact that sport clubs are distinctly local phenomena. As such, past, current and potential future participants, volunteers and local inter-organizational relationships are found in a sport club's local community. Because of this, there is a need for a concept that provides analytical coverage of an outside-in perspective, i.e. a concept that takes into account outside actors' conceptions of the implementing sport club and the impact their views have on the implementation process. In relation to this need, we propose the application of the concept 'convention'. In addition to describing the concept, we exemplify the methodological and analytical implications of its use in sport policy implementation analysis.
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| 7. |
- Skille, Eivind, et al.
(författare)
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State policy and Sami sport in Sweden and Norway
- 2015
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Ingår i: ISSA 2015 World Congress - Book of Abstracts. ; , s. 67-67
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With two points of departure – the political ambition “Sport for all” which has become an imperative for countries worldwide and particularly in the Scandinavian countries, and an interest in sport policy related to indigenous people’s sport – this paper addresses the Swedish and Norwegian government policy for Sami (the indigenous people of North West Europe) sport.By interviewing representatives of the government offices for sport policy and Sami policy as well as representatives of the respective Sami parliaments, and by applying an institutional approach of advocacy coalition framework, where the possibilities for influence through coalitions in policy making are conceived of as dependent on actors’ pre-understanding developed by former experiences, we constructed one main coalition in each country.The government office for sport policy and the respective umbrella organization for sport make up these coalitions, historically developed and heavily insitutionalized. A quotation from the Sami parliament in Sweden points to one problem, from their point of view, associated with such an arrangement: ” The Sami sports movement’s organization and purpose do not fit into the structure and the rules for subsidies that we have sport in Sweden”. It seems that relatively younger sport organizations, such as the Sami sport organizations, striving to offer sport to underrepresented groups have difficulties in creating space for influence in sport policy decision making processes, as long as the relationship between the state and the respective umbrella organization for majority sport remains corporatist and undisputed. This finding is discussed in relation to implications
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Skille, Eivind Å., et al.
(författare)
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Government policy for indigenous (Sámi) sport – A chain of legitimating acts?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts for the World Congress of Sociology of Sport 2019. ; , s. 19-19
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When Norwegian state policy repeatedly abandons the organization of indigenous (Sámi) sport (SVL-N) in order to honour the implicit contract with the organization of conventional (Norwegian sport, NIF), six elements of legitimating acts are in play: legitimacy-seeking organisation, subject, sources, strategy, bases and scenario. These elements intersect within each phase of the policy process: agenda setting, policy formulation, policy implementation and evaluation. As visible when focusing on the legitimacy-seeking organization and subject, the goal for sport clubs is, to legitimate themselves, and providing support to sport is a core task of local authorities. So when municipalities and local NIF federated sport clubs legitimate each other, Sámi sport organizations are excluded from the legitimating chain. Focusing on a national example, youth sport is both a subject, and it is a strategy used by NIF to legitimate implementation of other policies such as supporting and arranging mega events. When substantial strategies are coupled with symbolic strategies, the risk for so-called ceremonial conformity decoupling is immanent. In conclusion, consequences—often unintended—resulting from legitimating acts in one phase have legitimacy-related implications for other phases of the policy process. That said, being included in the chain is the core issue to receive economic support for sport. Consequently, a newcomer such as the SVL-N struggles to set itself on the agenda of sport policy because acts in other phases consciously legitimate the NIF structure and its member organizations.
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| 10. |
- Skille, Eivind Å., et al.
(författare)
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(Lack of) government policy for indigenous (Sámi) sport : A chain of legitimating and de-legitimating acts
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Review for the Sociology of Sport. - : Sage Publications. - 1012-6902 .- 1461-7218. ; 57:1, s. 112-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While colonization as policy is formally a historic phenomenon in Norway and elsewhere, many former structures of state organization – including their relationship to sport – remain under post-colonial conditions. This paper is concerned with how the Norwegian government contributes to creating a situation, which includes the Norwegian sports confederation (NIF) but excludes the indigenous people Sámi's sports organisation. Based on existing data and literature, we analyse how the state favours NIF through a chain of legitimating acts. Thus, sport is a preserve of colonization, where a one-sided legitimation parallels a de-legitimation of the overarching sport policy goal of sport-for-all. However, there are signs of change whereby actors are challenging NIF’s monopoly and 'older' state-sport regimes.
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| 11. |
- Skille, Eivind Å., et al.
(författare)
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Private football academies - friend or foe? : an analysis of Norwegian media's framing of arguments about private football academies and the monopoly of organized sport
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Review for the Sociology of Sport. - : Sage Publications. - 1012-6902 .- 1461-7218. ; 58:8, s. 1263-1281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Private football academies challenge the monopoly of Norwegian voluntary and democratic sport. Using field theory and framing approach as analytical perspectives, this article presents a media analysis that reveals that, first, association football and private academies agree on the fact that Norwegian football is not good enough and must improve. Second, they disagree on whether to improve it within association football exclusively or supplemented by private actors that are inspired by the international football field. Third, there is a negative popular view of private academies as too expensive, unconcerned with children's best interests, in violation of Norwegian sport's regulations for children's sport, and-in sum-thus being accused of destroying 'sport for all'. However, by employing the analytical concepts of habitus and fields, the article also shows how actors partake in several subfields-often on both sides of the private-association barder.
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| 12. |
- Skille, Eivind Å., et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholder relationships in the work of anti-doping
- 2022
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Ingår i: Stakeholder Analysis and Sport Organisations. - London : Routledge. - 9781003111917
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter scrutinises the international work of antidoping with the application of stakeholder theory on three distinct levels: 1) the governing level with WADA as the focal organisation; 2) the implementation level with a Norwegian Anti-Doping Organisation as focal unit and 3) the individual political level with the Norwegian sport minister, who has also been the vice president of WADA, as the case. We argue that stakeholder theory has a modest value as a descriptive tool for mapping the pattern of interorganisational relations; however, it obscures power relations and creates an impression of a benign leadership doing its best to accommodate the interests of stakeholders. In other words, stakeholder theory is an ideological construct that suits the interests of established interests. In the case of anti-doping, we find that this is especially prominent for stakeholders such as media, IOC, IFs, etc., rather than athletes – who are impacted to the highest extent by the anti-doping regimes. Seeing the international work on anti-doping as an organisational field, we provide a rationale for considering institutional theory as a suitable alternative analytical framework.
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| 13. |
- Skille, Eivind Åsrum, et al.
(författare)
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Talent policies
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Routledge handbook of talent identification and development in sport. - Oxon : Routledge. - 9781138951778 - 9781315668017 ; , s. 455-465
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 14. |
- Skille, Eivind Å., et al.
(författare)
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The politics of organizing indigenous sport – cross-border and cross-sectoral complexity
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Sport Management Quarterly. - : Routledge. - 1618-4742 .- 1746-031X. ; 23:2, s. 526-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research Question: The authors studied the complexity surrounding the organization of sport in nations without nationstate status, exploring three research questions: (1) How do representatives of Sámi sport organizations in Finland and Norway perceive and act upon the proposal to reorganize Sámi sport? (2) How do representatives of the Sámi parliaments in Finland and Norway perceive and act upon the proposal to reorganize Sámi sport? (3) How do representatives of the state bureaucracy in Finland perceive and act upon the proposal to reorganize Sámi sport?Research Methods: We interviewed representatives of the Sámi parliaments and Sámi sport in Norway and Finland, an external consultant in Norway and a state official of Finland constituting a total of eight key actor interviews.Results and Findings: The analysis revealed the dominant role of the Norwegian side of Sámi sport, largely based on the institutional power of the Sámi parliament in Norway. In that respect, voluntary sport organizations in both Finland and Norway were reluctant to consider or were even negative towards an ongoing reorganization of Sámi sport since it was initiated by the Norwegian authorities and by the Norwegian Sámi parliament.Implications: Decision-makers in government agencies involved in cross-border and cross-sectoral issues should consider the opinions of all parties involved. Moreover, concerning indigenous groups striving for self-determination in post-colonial contexts, it is important to create a unified voice in matters important to the group as a collective.
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| 15. |
- Skille, Eivind Å., et al.
(författare)
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The role of sport organizations for local and national community : the case of Sámi sport organizations
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Sport Management Quarterly. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1618-4742 .- 1746-031X. ; 20:2, s. 239-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research question: This paper investigates (1) how representatives of Sámi sport clubs understand local and national communities, and (2) and the role of the sport organization in the creation and perception of local and national community. The study contributes to the research field by showing how sport organizations are the basis of the community, locally and nationally.Research methods: Interviews were conducted with seven board members representing five Sámi sport clubs in four municipalities. The sport clubs were all members of the Sámi sport organization, and located in core Sámi areas where Sámi language and culture is manifested in everyday life. Sámi are the indigenous peoples of the northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and north-west Russia.Results and findings: For sport club representatives, Sámi sport refers to specific activities associated with Sámi husbandry heritage, and to the Sámi sport organization. Sport clubs function as community organizations at the local level. Moreover, through affiliation with the Sámi sport organization, the sport clubs are the link to the Sámi national community. Sámi indigeneity is played out internally in the local community as well as on the borderline to other communities with other ethnic compositions.Implications: The study revealed a complex relationship between the local and national elements of indigeneity, and between the internal and the external elements. These elements of multiculturalism and sport clubs require to be taken into account in future sport management and policy-making in addition to multicultural policies towards immigrant sport participation and organization.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Stenling, Cecilia, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Gate-keeping nonprofit governance : evaluative criteria and their rankings in nomination committee selection processes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research handbook on nonprofit governance. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781788114905 - 9781788114912 ; , s. 279-293
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores Swedish national sport federation nomination committees’ use of evaluative criteria in board composition processes. As such, the chapter responds to more general calls for a broadened consideration of relevant governance actors and to appeals for attention to governance processes in member-based federations. We demonstrate the breadth of criteria at play in the processes of nomination of board members and the ways in which these are traded-off against each other to form value-based hierarchies. Based on the empirical analysis reported in the chapter, we discuss key characteristics of nomination committees’ work and propose a research agenda for this crucial but neglected governance function in nonprofit organizations.
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| 18. |
- Stenling, Cecilia, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Hierarchies of criteria in NSO board-nomination processes : insights from nomination committees' work
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Sport Management Quarterly. - : Routledge. - 1618-4742 .- 1746-031X. ; 20:5, s. 636-654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research question: The purpose of this paper is to create knowledge on board-selection processes and their outcomes in terms of board composition. We address two research questions: (1) What evaluative criteria are at play in board-selection processes; and (2) what hierarchies of criteria are formed when evaluative criteria are ranked? The significance of the study lies in contemporary considerations of good governance, in sport members’ (un)equal access to positions of power, and in how issues of representation relate to the legitimacy of sport governance systems and to broader societal patterns of representation, influence, and democracy.Research methods: Nomination committees are increasingly used worldwide to further good governance in sport organizations. Our analysis builds on interviews with representatives of 61 out of 71 Swedish national sport organizations’ nomination committees.Results and Findings: Our study shows that trade-offs are made not between gender and merit, as previously suggested, but between and among a wide variety of representation criteria and a wide variety of efficiency criteria. We show how tensions between criteria result in trade-offs that imply a ranking of criteria into seven types of hierarchies, only one of which prioritizes a representation-based board composition.Implications: Because rankings of multiple evaluative criteria impact any single criterion of interest (e.g. gender), future studies should take into account the range of evaluative criteria at play. For sport management and policy practitioners alike, we provide a tool to understand and address (in)adequate representation but also an imperative to consider the meaning of adequate representation.
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| 19. |
- Stenling, Cecilia, 1981-
(författare)
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The drive for change : putting the means and ends of sport at stake in the organizing of Swedish voluntary sport
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to create knowledge on processes of change in the contemporary organizing of Swedish voluntary sport and the systems of meaning at work in these processes. The thesis proceeds from the assumption that the contemporary public sport policy climate is characterized by a pressure on organized sport to change in order for sport to better serve as an implementer of non-sport goals. In attempting to capture the possible ramifications of this pressure on the organizing of voluntary sport, the thesis work relies on the argument that processes of change are best captured in instances where new and established ideas are confronted with one another. Following this argument and drawing upon the concept of theorization, the first research question treated in the thesis concerns how legitimacy is established for a new practice (reported in Article 1). The second research question addressed is how, why, and with what consequences new ideas on organizing are implemented in sport organizations (reported in Article 2 & 3). In relation to this question, the concepts of translation and organizational identity are mobilized in the analysis. Empirically, these two questions are addressed using data from 29 interviews covering the emergence and organizing of organized spontaneous sport, so-called Drive in sport, in four Swedish municipalities. The analysis relating to these two questions shows that the same systems of meaning invoked to legitimize and specify Drive-in sport as a practice that has the potential to remedy problems being faced by both the Swedish society and the Swedish sports movement, also made Drive-in sport an unlikely developmental direction for the majority of implementing sport clubs. This process is understood with reference to a mismatch between the organizational identity of the clubs and the cultural material of the idea of Drive-in sport. This insight is brought into the formulation of the third research question treated in the thesis, which is concerned with sport clubs’ readiness, willingness, and ability to respond to policy changes (reported in Article 4). Building on data from short, qualitative interviews with representatives from 218 randomly selected sport clubs, 10 organizational identity categories are constructed. Between these categories, there is a variety of clubs’ core purposes, practices, and logics of action. The implications of this heterogeneity, in terms of sport clubs’ role as policy implementers, are discussed with reference to what clubs in each category might "imagine doing." The analysis provided in the thesis as a whole suggests that at stake in processes of change in the contemporary organizing of Swedish voluntary sport, is the very definition and meaning of sport.
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| 20. |
- Stenling, Cecilia, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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The gatekeepers of sport governance : nomination committees' shaping potential in national sport organizations' board composition processes
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Sport Management Quarterly. - : Routledge. - 1618-4742 .- 1746-031X. ; 23:2, s. 586-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research Question: The purpose of this paper is to construct knowledge on the working processes of nomination committees (NCs) in sport and analyze their potential to shape board composition. The significance of such an effort lies in its potential to shed light on the processes preceding the structures and practices created for the wielding of power in sport organizations.Research Methods: This paper reports findings based on telephone interviews with NCs of 64 Swedish national sport organizations.Results and Findings: The analyses show how NC processes may be distinguished into six components: election of the NC at the general assembly (GA), monitoring of the incumbent board, preparation for nominee identification, assembly of a list of potential nominees, evaluation of potential nominees, and submission of proposed nominees to the GA. Within and across these components, the analyses reveal three aspects particularly powerful in their potential to shape board composition: degree of formalization, network reliance, and transparency.Implications: These findings have implications for research and practice. Regarding the former, the study provides a baseline description that can be used in future explorations of the NC process and its determinants and effects in varying contexts. As for the latter, the findings suggest that sport organizations carry an untapped potential in considering NCs’ shaping potential, regardless of whether an ‘adequate’ board is one that is equipped to improve organizational efficiency or one that safeguards representation and democracy.
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| 21. |
- Stenling, Cecilia, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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The meaning of democracy in an era of good governance : Views of representation and their implications for board composition
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Review for the Sociology of Sport. - : Sage Publications. - 1012-6902 .- 1461-7218. ; 58:1, s. 108-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary sport governance contexts are marked by a trend towards efficiency-based board composition and an increasing use of instruments aimed to (re)shape boards. Yet, democratic governance is integral to many countries' sport systems, and research tells us that representation still matters in sport governance. Considering this, the aim with this paper is to provide researchers and practitioners with a vocabulary to understand and address issues of representation in board composition. The paper builds on interviews with nomination committee representatives of 62 Swedish national sport federations (NSFs). The analysis provides insights into the meaning and implications of four distinct views of representation, along with an interpretation of potential responses to board-shaping instruments engendered by these views.
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| 22. |
- Strittmatter, Anna-Maria, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Boosting youth sport? Implementation of Norwegian youth sport policy through the 2016 Lillehammer Winter Youth Olympic Games
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - Abingdon, Oxfordshire : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 20:1, s. 144-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neo-institutional concepts of organizational change and organizational reproduction combined with implementation theory are employed to examine the implementation of the Norwegian youth sport policy (YSP) associated with the Youth Olympic Games. The YSP also called ‘youth campaign’, aims at increasing the number of young leaders, young coaches and young athletes. Data were generated from semi-structured interviews and observations and show that implementation is characterized by revitalization of existing practices within the Norwegian sports system through translation and bricolage and innovative entrepreneurship. Our data indicate that the focus of the implementation was on the recruitment and education of young leaders. The development of young coaches and the recruitment and retention of young athletes are neglected. The non-involvement of national sport federations and sports clubs as well as the complexity of administrative layers are causes for the lack of effective implementation. In sum, a lasting impact on the Norwegian youth sport development is doubtful.
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| 23. |
- Strittmatter, Anna-Maria, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Dual governance structures in action sports : institutionalization processes of professional snowboarding revisited
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 22:10, s. 1655-1673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the current governance structures in international competitive snowboarding and analyses empirically how key actors operate within the diverging logics that shape such structures. We expand upon the existing literature on professional snowboarding by offering a more contemporary understanding of the constantly evolving processes of institutionalization. Qualitative data was gathered from the authors’ first-hand experiences with international snowboarding, based on (1) interviews with system insiders, (2) document analysis, and (3) participant observations. Two dominant and contradicting logics of competitive snowboarding were identified, forming a fragmented, dual institutional structure that we call the industry-based and nation-based governance model. Our findings suggest that recent professionalization processes have led to defragmentation efforts, thus signalling a shift towards a nation-based governance focus. Therefore, we conclude that other action sports that will join the Olympics, such as surfing and skateboarding, are advised to find solutions for mediating inherent contradictions of governance logics to avoid institutional fragmentation at an early stage.
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| 24. |
- Strittmatter, Anna-Maria, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Sport policy analysis revisited : the sport policy process as an interlinked chain of legitimating acts
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. - : Routledge. - 1940-6940 .- 1940-6959. ; 10:4, s. 621-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By providing an analytical framework that draws on a conceptualisation of legitimacy in organisation studies, this paper demonstrates that the sport policy process can be understood as an interlinked chain of legitimating acts. Based on recent suggestions in organisation theory literature on how to approach legitimacy and legitimation, we applied the framework on a small sample of published sport policy studies to demonstrate its utility. By applying the framework, six interweaved and interweaving elements of the legitimating act within sport policy processes were identified: legitimacy-seeking organisation, subject, source(s), strategy, bases and scenario. The analysis shows that each of the six elements works by intersecting within each phase of the policy process. The main conclusion is that consequences – often unintended – resulting from legitimating acts in one phase have legitimacy-related implications for the other phases of the policy process. As pressing as pinpointing the use of all elements of the framework is, it is equally important to distinguish each of the elements in order to fulfil the analytical potential of the proposed framework. Since sport policy processes in practice rely primarily on organisations and organisational action, future sport policy research would benefit from this type of framework connecting organisations and organising to policy processes.
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| 25. |
- Strittmatter, Anna-Maria, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and Cultural Othering : An Organizational Culture Perspective on Young People’s Participation in Decision-making in Sport Organizations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Young - Nordic Journal of Youth Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1103-3088 .- 1741-3222.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to examine the role played by organizational culture in young people’s continuing underrepresentation in decision-making bodies, despite structural changes, in the context of Norwegian sport organizations. Data is based on a questionnaire centred on the experiences of young people in sport governance (n = 32 youth representatives) and semi-structured interviews with young (under 26 years) and older representatives of organizations affiliated with the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederations of Sports (n = 10). Findings show that Norwegian sport organizations foster a cultural understanding of young people which takes its structural expression in the separation of elements that are ‘othering’ the youth. Youth have also limited access to resources of power as a result of a lack of trust in older leaders. Prevailing culture mirrors an adult society in which young people need to upgrade their level of professionalism through education before they are invited to decision-making processes.
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| 26. |
- Strittmatter, Anna-Maria, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Youth representatives as agents of institutional change : the circumscribing effects of role prescriptions in sport governance
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. - : Routledge. - 1940-6940 .- 1940-6959.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conceptualising the youth representative as an institutional role, we explore the institutional shaping of youth representatives as change agents in the governance of sport organisations. Focusing on how these shaping conditions who the youth representative can be and what determines the scope of their role fulfilment, including the impact of their work on established institutional orders, allows us to examine the shaping of agency related to governance institutions. Data is drawn from a questionnaire centred on the experiences of young people in sport governance (n = 32) and semi-structured interviews with 10 representatives of organisations affiliated with the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederations of Sports. The role of the youth representatives is scripted in terms of who the representatives ought to be and what they ought to do. The scripting associated with the operationalisation of this ambition into role pre- and proscriptions stands in stark contrast to the ideal of youth representatives as agents of institutional change. Our study of the scripting of institutional roles has theoretical implications because it shows how normative typifications that link notions of actors with actorhood circumscribe institutional work pertaining to change.
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