| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Skog, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Combining x-ray and three-dimensional scanning of sawlogs : comparison between one and two x-ray directions
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, 2009. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781424456499 ; , s. 353-358
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many sawmills, presorting of sawlogs is based on data from optical three-dimensional (3D) scanners. The use of x-ray log scanners is also becoming increasingly common and most sawmills installing an x-ray scanner already have a 3D scanner present. It is in this paper demonstrated how data from oneand two-directional x-ray scanners can be combined with 3D scanner data using path length compensation. Examples show how the resulting images may be processed in order to predict quality parameters such as heartwood diameter and green heartwood density. Using the proposed method, it is possible to improve the accuracy of these important quality sorting parameters using existing equipment. This will improve the presorting at sawmills, thus reducing the production of off-grade products carrying unwanted combinations of dimension and grade.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Skog, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Density measurements in Pinus sylvestris sawlogs combining X-ray and three-dimensional scanning
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25:5, s. 470-481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood density is an important quality variable, closely related to the mechanical properties of the wood. Precise wood density measurements in the log sorting would enable density sorting of logs for products such as strength-graded wood and finger-jointed wood. Density sorting of logs would also give more homogeneous drying properties and thus improve the quality of the final products. By compensating the radiographs from an X-ray log scanner for the varying path lengths using outer shape data from a three-dimensional (3D) scanner, it is possible to make precise estimates of both green and dry density. Measurements on simulated industrial data were compared with densities measured in computed tomographic (CT) images for 560 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) logs. It was found that green sapwood density could be measured with predictability R 2=0.65 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 25 kg m-3. Green and dry heartwood densities were measured with similar precision: R 2=0.79 and RMSE=32 kg m-3 for green density and R 2=0.83 and RMSE=32 kg m-3 for dry density.
|
|
| 6. |
- Skog, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Density measurements in Pinus sylvestris sawlogs combining X-rayand three-dimensional scanning
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25:5, s. 470-481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood density is an important quality variable, closely related to the mechanical properties of the wood. Precise wood density measurements in the log sorting would enable density sorting of logs for products such as strength-graded wood and fingerjointed wood. Density sorting of logs would also give more homogeneous drying properties and thus improve the quality of the final products. By compensating the radiographs from an X-ray log scanner for the varying path lengths using outer shape data from a three-dimensional (3D) scanner, it is possible to make precise estimates of both green and dry density. Measurements on simulated industrial data were compared with densities measured in computed tomographic (CT) images for 560 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) logs. It was found that green sapwood density could be measured with predictability R2 = 0.65 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 25 kg m-3. Green and dry heartwood densities were measured with similar precision: R2 = 0.79 and RMSE = 32 kg m-3 for green density and R2 = 0.83 and RMSE = 32 kg m-3 for dry density.
|
|
| 7. |
- Skog, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Detecting Top Rupture in Pinus sylvestris Sawlogs
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th international wood machining seminar. - Skellefteå : Luleå University of Technology. - 9789174392647 ; , s. 132-140
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 8. |
- Skog, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Heartwood diameter measurements in Pinus sylvestris sawlogs combining X-ray and three-dimensional scanning
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 24:1, s. 182-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quality sorting of sawlogs based on three-dimensional (3D) or X-ray scanning or a multivariate combination of variables from both methods may be used to decrease the production of off-grade products carrying unwanted combinations of dimension and grade. There is, however, potential for further improving the sorting accuracy if 3D and X-ray raw data are combined at an early stage using path length compensation. From the measured 3D shape, a good estimate of the length of each X-ray path through the log can be made, enabling the calculation of a log density profile from the measured X-ray attenuation. The effect of this technique on heartwood diameter measurements of 423 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) logs was evaluated. By the addition of 3D data to the X-ray data it was possible to raise the predictability of the heartwood diameter from R 2=0.84 to 0.95 and to improve the root mean square error from 17 mm to 9.3 mm, primarily because of the enhanced contrast between heartwood and sapwood.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Skog, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Improved log sorting combining X-ray and 3D scanning : a preliminary study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Quality control for wood and wood products. - Warsaw : Warsaw University of Life Sciences. - 9788372449047 ; , s. 133-140
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quality sorting of sawlogs is becoming more and more common. This is the result of increasing production of customer specific products in combination with high raw material prices. Today, log quality sorting is being based on either 3D or X-ray scanning techniques. Previous research has shown that sorting accuracy is improved when using multivariate models to combine variables from both 3D and X-ray scanners. There is however a potential of further improving the sorting if 3D and X-ray data are combined at an earlier stage; from the measured 3D shape a better estimate of the X-ray path lengths through the log may be found, thus enabling the calculation of a log density profile from the measured X-ray attenuation. The development and evaluation of such a technique is the topic of current research at SP Trätek and Luleå University of Technology in Skellefteå. Preliminary results show that the method is good at calculating large scale properties such as heartwood content and heartwood and sapwood densities. When looking for smaller geometric objects, e. g., knot whorls, extra care must be taken so that observational errors from the 3D scanner do not compromise the X-ray data. Software simulating industrial X-ray scanner data from CT-scanned logs has also been developed. A very good agreement was found between simulated data and actual data from an industrial installation. This underlines that such a simulation tool is very valuable when developing algorithms for industrial X-ray scanners.
|
|
| 11. |
- Skog, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Sapwood moisture-content measurements in Pinus sylvestris sawlogs combining X-ray and three-dimensional scanning
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 5:2, s. 91-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because today's sawmill processes are not fully adapted to the variability of the raw material, it is crucial to sort sawlogs according to material properties in order to process the wood efficiently and to obtain high-quality end-products. One material property that could be used for sorting is the moisture content (MC) of the sapwood, an important parameter for both the processing and the end-products. Most sawmills use three-dimensional (3D) scanners to sort logs and some have also invested in X-ray scanners. Previous studies have shown that, by combining raw data from 3D and X-ray log scanners, green sapwood density and dry heartwood density in Scots pine sawlogs can be estimated. In this study, the method was used to estimate sapwood MC in green logs. It was found that the MC estimate could be used to separate the logs into groups with high and low MC, correctly classifying all logs with MC below 100% as low MC logs. Out of all logs, 70% were correctly classified. The MC estimate could also be compared to the dry density-dependent maximum MC and used to identify logs that have actually started to dry.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Skog, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Sapwood moisture content measurements in Scots Pine sawlogs combining X-ray and 3D scanning
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings, 11th International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference. - Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet. ; , s. 357-362
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood industry of today deals with large volumes in an almost automatic process, which is not fully adapted tothe variability of the raw material. Consequently, it is crucial to sort the wood according to material properties inorder to process the wood efficiently and to obtain high quality end products. One material property which could beused for sorting is the moisture content of the sapwood, an important parameter for both the processing and the endproducts.Most large Swedish sawmills are using 3D scanners for quality sorting of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)sawlogs based on outer shape. Recently, some sawmills have also invested in X-ray log scanners in order to sort thesawlogs based on inner properties. It has previously been shown that, by combining raw data from industrial 3D andX-ray log scanners using path length compensation, green sapwood density and dry heartwood density can beestimated.In this study, the dry heartwood density was used to find an estimate of the dry sapwood density, thus allowingthe calculation of the sapwood moisture content. The log scanner data used in this study was simulated from 560Scots pine sawlogs which had previously been scanned in a computed tomography (CT) scanner. The estimatedsapwood moisture contents were then compared to reference values calculated by drying samples to 9% moisturecontent.It was found that the moisture content estimate could be used to separate the logs into two groups with high andlow moisture content, correctly identifying all logs with very low moisture content as dry logs. Out of all logs, 70%were correctly classified. The moisture content estimate could also be compared to the dry density dependentmaximum moisture content and used to identify logs that have actually started to dry.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
-
Aktiemarknadsnämnden 25 år - en antologi
- 2011
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När tiden för Aktiemarknadsnämndens 25-årsjubileum började närma sig tyckte vi inom nämnden att minnet av jubileet skulle bli mera bestående om tilldragelsen kunde avspegla sig i en liten jubileumsskrift. När skriften nu föreligger kan konstateras att den ger en god bild av nämndens verksamhet och av en del närliggande områden som är av särskild betydelse för nämnden. Vill man använda en akademisk terminologi har volymen mera prägel av vänbok än av festskrift, vilket också stämmer överens med den ursprungliga avsikten. Innehåll: Aktiemarknadsnämnden 25 år av Johan Munck Aktiemarknadsnämnden - en del av regleringen på aktiemarknaden av Claes Beyer Aktiemarknadsnämndens verksamhet - en tillbakablick av Rolf Skog Aktiemarknadsnämndens verksamhet i ett rådgivarperspektiv an Carl-Johan Deuschl & Magnus Lindstedt Har Aktiemarknadsnämnden några sanktioner? Av Ragnar Boman Coping with change: a view from the UK Takeover Panel by Barbara Muston Den svenska takeover-regleringen - ett samspel mellan regelmarknaden och Aktiemarknadsnämnden av Göran Nyström & Erik Sjöman Incitamentsprogram - något om rättsutvecklingen samt olika program- och hedgestrukturer över tid av Klaes Edhall & Emil Byström Aktiemarknadsnämndens uttalanden i emissionsfrågor - utanför "Leo-området" av Svante Johansson Bolagsstyrningskoden och Aktiemarknadsnämnden av Björn Kristiansson Ledamöter och experter i Aktiemarknadsnämnden under åren 1986-2011.
|
|
| 16. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Value optimized log rotation for strength graded boards using computed tomography
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-3768 .- 1436-736X. ; 72:5, s. 635-642
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A possible application for an industrial computed tomography scanner in a sawmill is finding an optimal rotational position of logs with respect to knots and outer shape. Since a computed tomography scanner is a great investment, it is important to investigate potential profitability of such an investment for different production strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential value increase of the sawn timber of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) by rotating logs to their optimum position prior to sawing compared with sawing all logs in horns down position. The production strategy evaluated by log breakdown simulation in this case study was to produce strength graded timber of the center boards, while the side boards were appearance graded. This case study showed an average value increase with respect to the value of center boards, side boards and chips of 11 %.
|
|
| 17. |
- Berglund, Linn, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-Assembly of Nanocellulose Hydrogels Mimicking Bacterial Cellulose for Wound Dressing Applications
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 24:5, s. 2264-2277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The self-assembly of nanocellulose in the form of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) can be accomplished via hydrogen-bonding assistance into completely bio-based hydrogels. This study aimed to use the intrinsic properties of CNFs, such as their ability to form strong networks and high absorption capacity and exploit them in the sustainable development of effective wound dressing materials. First, TEMPO-oxidized CNFs were separated directly from wood (W-CNFs) and compared with CNFs separated from wood pulp (P-CNFs). Second, two approaches were evaluated for hydrogel self-assembly from W-CNFs, where water was removed from the suspensions via evaporation through suspension casting (SC) or vacuum-assisted filtration (VF). Third, the W-CNF-VF hydrogel was compared to commercial bacterial cellulose (BC). The study demonstrates that the self-assembly via VF of nanocellulose hydrogels from wood was the most promising material as wound dressing and displayed comparable properties to that of BC and strength to that of soft tissue.
|
|
| 18. |
- Bomark, Peter
(författare)
-
Towards better understanding of forestry-wood chain simulation through visualization and interactivity
- 2014
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Simulation studies performed on the forestry-wood chain trend towards either complicated calculations on large data-sets, statistical exercises on endless production data, optimisations on specific sub domains, or a combination of the above. The studies are often presented through graphs showing how scalars such as value, profit, or yield fluctuate when parameters of the simulation model are tweaked.The simulation models are usually stringed together from a series of operations performed in various software packages, scripts, macros and purpose written code. Reusing code from past studies is common practise, either as part of the new program, or by simply running the data through an executable and parsing the results in the next operation. Since there is no framework built around the operations, changing the input data will often mean that you have to start again from the top, guiding the data through all the different steps manually. To make things worse; the simulation model, the experiment code, and the analysis code tend to be mixed together making validation and verification difficult.Keeping track of how each operation impacts the result is difficult, and understanding how different parameters interact with each other on a system-wide basis is hopeless.Despite already being complex, most studies omit important aspects of the system they are modelling. Processing time, stochastic behaviour, separation of experimental data from model data, and so on. At the same time, if the fidelity of the simulation models continue to increase, they will eventually become too unwieldy to comprehend.Despite this, simulation is one of the most important tools available when trying to improve the forestry-wood chain, and the results that have been produced through the use of simulation are awe-inspiring. With proper tools and methodology, the integrated simulation model of the forestry-wood chain is not far away.This document is an attempt at finding tools that help design understandable simulation models of the complex systems in the forestry-wood chain. The hypothesis is that visualisation and interactivity can give alternative feedback on simulation models, providing better foundations for decisions than scalar measures like profit or yield.
|
|
| 19. |
- Eskilson, Olof, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
-
Nanocellulose composite wound dressings for real-time pH wound monitoring
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Materials Today Bio. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0064. ; 19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The skin is the largest organ of the human body. Wounds disrupt the functions of the skin and can have catastrophic consequences for an individual resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Wound infections are common and can substantially delay healing and can result in non-healing wounds and sepsis. Early diagnosis and treatment of infection reduce risk of complications and support wound healing. Methods for monitoring of wound pH can facilitate early detection of infection. Here we show a novel strategy for integrating pH sensing capabilities in state-of-the-art hydrogel-based wound dressings fabricated from bacterial nanocellulose (BC). A high surface area material was developed by self-assembly of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) in BC. By encapsulating a pH-responsive dye in the MSNs, wound dressings for continuous pH sensing with spatiotemporal resolution were developed. The pH responsive BC-based nanocomposites demonstrated excellent wound dressing properties, with respect to conformability, mechanical properties, and water vapor transmission rate. In addition to facilitating rapid colorimetric assessment of wound pH, this strategy for generating functional BC-MSN nanocomposites can be further be adapted for encapsulation and release of bioactive compounds for treatment of hard-to-heal wounds, enabling development of novel wound care materials.
|
|
| 20. |
- Fredriksson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Reconstruction of knots from simulated discrete x-ray images of Pinus Sylvestris logs
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For many years it has been of interest to be able to predict the properties of sawn wood products from tree features. X-ray technology has made it possible to measure internal as well as external features of saw logs, and to use these features for predicting log quality. However, data available for simulation of the sawing process and prediction of sawn timber quality has, until now, been limited to logs scanned using computed tomography.The objective of this study is to develop a method for reconstruction of parametrically described whorls and knots from industrial scanning of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) logs, using discrete Xray images. The method is designed using the logs in the Swedish pine stem bank (SPSB) as data basis, and is based on a few predictor features extracted from these logs, namely whorl volume, distance between whorls, and distance between pith and surface. These features are measured in simulated discrete X-ray images of the logs in the SPSB, and virtual models of the whorls and knots are created, using a feature- and knowledge based model. Virtual logs are then composed using the reconstructed knots within the original shape of the logs. Simulated test sawing of the virtual logs shows that the reconstruction method results in a representative model of the knot structure in the log, when considering the grade distribution of the sawn timber produced by the simulation program. The results of this study can for instance be used for improved online quality predictions at sawmills. One step in this direction is to use industrial X-ray data to enlarge the amount of log data available for sawing simulation research. Future work should focus on developing practical applications of the results presented here.
|
|
| 21. |
- Grönlund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Use of x-ray for detection of internal log features
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To have knowledge about internal features in saw logs have always been a very important wish among people working in the sawmill industry. The reason for that wish is that with this knowledge it is possible to disintegrate logs in an optimal way.X-ray linear attenuation depends mainly on density and size of the object that is hit by the X-ray beam. This makes X-ray technology suitable for detection of different features in saw logs as there is a density difference between clear wood and many important internal features such as different kind of knots.Medical computer tomography (CT) utilise X-ray to detect internal features in human bodies but is also a very good tool for detection of features in saw logs. However, medical CT-scanners are only used for research purposes in the wood sector as they are far to slow for use in the industry.In order to be able to detect internal log features in industrial speed Log-Scanners with one to four fixed X-ray sources have been developed. With these scanners, that now are used at many sawmills, it is possible to detect and measure features such as: diameter under bark, log type, species, knot parameters, annual ring width, density, heartwood, strength etc. These scanners with fixed sources have a much lower information density than medical CT-scanners but are much faster. The time for scanning a log has been reduced from about two hours to 1.5 seconds. The big draw-back with the scanners with fixed sources is that they give very little information about how defects are located in the rotational direction. However, in order to overcome this drawback, an industrial CT-scanner is now under development. This scanner will operate in industrial speed and will at the same time have an information density that is comparable with a medical CT-scanner.The aim of this presentation is to summarize the current knowledge on X-ray scanning of wood and to propose some suitable applications and strategies for using a fast CT scanner in the wood industry.
|
|
| 22. |
- Hallnäs, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Expressions: Towards a Design Practice of Slow Technology
- 2001. - 1
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Interact 2001. - : IFIP.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As computer use increasingly influence everyday life, we need to complement our knowledge of the computer as a technology for creating fast and efficient tools, with other perspectives on information technology. We describe Slow Technology, technology aimed at promoting moments of reflection and mental rest. Taking the design programme of Slow Technology as our starting point, we have explored expressions of the acts of reading and writing information using computers in everyday life. A number of design examples including the Fan House, the Chest of Drawers, the Lamp Foot and the Fabric Door, have been created. The purpose with these examples has not been to create new information displays, interaction devices, artworks or products, but to create a basic collection of examples that can support systematic investigation of the aesthetics of computational technology as material for the design of everyday things. Experiences from the design and exhibition of these examples are presented as design leitmotifs for future work with Slow Technology.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Hopfgarten, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Gene expression analysis of human islets in a subject at onset of type 1 diabetes
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 51:2, s. 199-204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swollen islet cells have been repeatedly described at onset of type 1 diabetes, but the underlying mechanism of this observation, termed hydropic degeneration, awaits characterization. In this study, laser capture microdissection was applied to extract the islets from an organ donor that died at onset of type 1 diabetes and from an organ donor without pancreatic disease. Morphologic analysis revealed extensive hydropic degeneration in 73 % of the islets from the donor with type 1 diabetes. Expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis, ER stress, beta cell function, and inflammation were analyzed in isolated and laser-captured islets by qPCR. The chemokine MCP-1 was expressed in islets from the donor with type 1 diabetes while undetectable in the control donor. No other signs of inflammation were detected. There were no signs of apoptosis on the gene expression level, which was also confirmed by negative immunostaining for cleaved caspase-8. There was an increased expression of the transcription factor ATF4, involved in transcription of ER stress genes, in the diabetic islets, but no further signs of ER stress were identified. In summary, on the transcription level, islets at onset of type 1 diabetes in which many beta cells display hydropic degeneration show no obvious signs of apoptosis, ER stress, or inflammation, supporting the notion that these cells are responding normally to high glucose and eventually succumbing to beta cell exhaustion. Also, this study validates the feasibility of performing qPCR analysis of RNA extracted from islets from subjects with recent onset of T1D and healthy controls by laser capture microdissection.
|
|
| 25. |
- Händel, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Insurance telematics : Opportunities and challenges with the smartphone solution
- 2014
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print). - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 6:4, s. 57-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smartphone-based insurance telematics or usage based insurance is a disruptive technology which relies on insurance premiums that reflect the risk profile of the driver; measured via smartphones with appropriate installed software. A survey of smartphone-based insurance telematics is presented, including definitions; Figure-of-Merits (FoMs), describing the behavior of the driver and the characteristics of the trip; and risk profiling of the driver based on different sets of FoMs. The data quality provided by the smartphone is characterized in terms of Accuracy, Integrity, Availability, and Continuity of Service. The quality of the smartphone data is further compared with the quality of data from traditional in-car mounted devices for insurance telematics, revealing the obstacles that have to be combated for a successful smartphone-based installation, which are the poor integrity and low availability. Simply speaking, the reliability is lacking considering the smartphone measurements. Integrity enhancement of smartphone data is illustrated by both second-by-second lowlevel signal processing to combat outliers and perform integrity monitoring, and by trip-based map-matching for robustification of the recorded trip data. A plurality of FoMs are described, analyzed and categorized, including events and properties like harsh braking, speeding, and location. The categorization of the FoMs in terms of Observability, Stationarity, Driver influence, and Actuarial relevance are tools for robust risk profiling of the driver and the trip. Proper driver feedback is briefly discussed, and rule-of-thumbs for feedback design are included. The work is supported by experimental validation, statistical analysis, and experiences from a recent insurance telematics pilot run in Sweden.
|
|
| 26. |
- Johansson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Adenoviruses Use Lactoferrin as a Bridge for CAR-Independent Binding to and Infection of Epithelial Cells.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 1098-5514 .- 0022-538X. ; 81:2, s. 954-963
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most adenoviruses bind to the coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Surprisingly, CAR is not expressed apically on polarized cells and is thus not easily available to viruses. Consequently, alternative mechanisms for entry of coxsackievirus and adenovirus into cells have been suggested. We have found that tear fluid promotes adenovirus infection, and we have identified human lactoferrin (HLf) as the tear fluid component responsible for this effect. HLf alone was found to promote binding of adenovirus to epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner and also infection of epithelial cells by adenovirus. HLf was also found to promote gene delivery from an adenovirus-based vector. The mechanism takes place at the binding stage and functions independently of CAR. Thus, we have identified a novel binding mechanism whereby adenovirus hijacks HLf, a component of the innate immune system, and uses it as a bridge for attachment to host cells.
|
|
| 27. |
- Johansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Automated knot detection for high speed computed tomography on Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. using ellipse fitting in concentric surfaces
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1699 .- 1872-7107. ; 96, s. 238-245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High speed industrial computed tomography (CT) scanning of sawlogs is new to the sawmill industry and therefore there are no properly evaluated algorithms for detecting knots in such images. This article presents an algorithm that detects knots in CT images of logs by segmenting the knots with variable thresholds on cylindrical shells of the CT images. The knots are fitted to ellipses and matched between several cylindrical shells. Parameterized knots are constructed using regression models from the matched knot ellipses. The algorithm was tested on a variety of Scandinavian Scots pine (. Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (. Picea abies (L.) Karst.) with a knot detection rate of 88-94% and generating about 1% falsely detected knots.
|
|
| 28. |
- Johansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparing predictability of board strength between computed tomography, discrete X-ray, and 3D scanning of Norway spruce logs
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 11:2, s. 116-125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strength graded boards of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) are important products for many Scandinavian sawmills. If the bending strength of the produced boards can be predicted before sawing the logs, the raw material can be used more efficiently. In previous studies it is shown that the bending strength can be predicted to some extent using discrete X-ray scanning of logs. In this study, we have evaluated if it is possible to predict bending strength of Norway spruce boards with higher accuracy using computed tomography (CT) scanning of logs compared to a combination of discrete X-ray and 3D scanning. The method was to construct multivariate models of bending strength for three different board dimensions. Our results showed that CT scanning of logs produces better models of bending strength compared to a combination of discrete X-ray and 3D scanning. The main reason for this difference was the benefit of knowing the position of where the boards were cut from the logs and therefore detailed knot information could be used in the prediction models. Due to the small number of observations in this study, care should be taken when comparing the resulting prediction models to results from other studies.
|
|
| 29. |
- Junker, Johan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Adipogenic, Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of ClonallyDerived Human Dermal Fibroblasts
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Cells Tissues Organs. - Basel : Karger AG. - 1422-6405 .- 1422-6421. ; 191:2, s. 105-118
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The apparent need of an autologous cell source for tissueengineering applications has led researchers to explore thepresence of cells with stem cell plasticity in several humantissues. Dermal fibroblasts (FBs) are easy to harvest, expandin vitro and store, rendering them plausible candidates forcell-based therapies. The aim of the present study was toobserve the effects of adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenicinduction media on the phenotype of human FBs.Human preadipocytes obtained from fat tissue have beenproposed as an adult stem cell source with suitable characteristics,and were used as control cells in regard to their differentiationpotential. Routine staining, immunohistochemicalanalysis and alkaline phosphatase assay were employed,in order to study the phenotypic shift. FBs were shown topossess multilineage potential, giving rise to fat-, cartilageandbone-like cells. To exclude contaminant progenitor cellsor cell fusion giving rise to tissue with adipocyte-, chondrocyte-and osteoblast-like cells, single-cell cloning was performed.Single-cell-cloned FBs (sccFBs) displayed a similardifferentiation potential as primary-culture FBs. The pres-ence of ‘stem-cell-specific’ surface antigens was analyzedusing flow cytometry. The results reveal that sccFBs haveseveral of the markers associated with cells exhibiting stemcell plasticity. The findings presented here are corroboratedby the findings of other groups, and suggest the use of humandermal FBs in cell-based therapies for the reconstructionof fat, cartilage and bone.
|
|
| 30. |
- Maguire, Casey A., et al.
(författare)
-
Microvesicle-associated AAV Vector as a Novel Gene Delivery System
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Molecular Therapy. - New York : Nature Publishing Group. - 1525-0016 .- 1525-0024. ; 20:5, s. 960-971
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have shown remarkable efficiency for gene delivery to cultured cells and in animal models of human disease. However, limitations to AAV vectored gene transfer exist after intravenous transfer, including off-target gene delivery (e.g., liver) and low transduction of target tissue. Here, we show that during production, a fraction of AAV vectors are associated with microvesicles/exosomes, termed vexosomes (vector-exosomes). AAV capsids associated with the surface and in the interior of microvesicles were visualized using electron microscopy. In cultured cells, vexosomes outperformed conventionally purified AAV vectors in transduction efficiency. We found that purified vexosomes were more resistant to a neutralizing anti-AAV antibody compared to conventionally purified AAV. Finally, we show that vexosomes bound to magnetic beads can be attracted to a magnetized area in cultured cells. Vexosomes represent a unique entity which offers a promising strategy to improve gene delivery.
|
|
| 31. |
- Mei, Ya-Fang, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative analysis of the genome organization of human adenovirus 11, a member of the human adenovirus species B, and the commonly used human adenovirus 5 vector, a member of species C
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 84:8, s. 2061-2071
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adenovirus type 11 (Ad11), a member of the human adenovirus species B (HAdV-B), has a tropism for the urinary tract. The genome of Ad11 was found to comprise 34 794 bp and is 1141 bp shorter than the Ad5 genome of species HAdV-C. The G+C content of the Ad11 genome is 48.9 %, whereas that of Ad5 is 55.2 %. Ad11 and Ad5 share 57 % nucleotide identity and possess the same four early regions, but the E3 region of Ad11 could not be divided into E3A and E3B. The late genes of Ad11 and Ad5 are organized into six and five regions, respectively. Thirty-eight putative ORFs were identified in the Ad11 genome. The ORFs in the late regions, the E2B region and IVa2 show high amino acid identity between Ad11 and Ad5, whereas the ORFs in E1, E2A, E3 and E4, protein IX and the fibre protein show low amino acid identity. The highest and lowest identities were noted in the pre-terminal protein and fibre proteins: 85 % and 24.6 %, respectively. The E3 20.3K and 20.6K ORFs and the L6 agnoprotein were present in the Ad11 genome only, whereas the E3 11.6K cell death protein was identified only in Ad5. All ORFs but the E3 10.3K and L4 pVIII protein vary not only in composition but also in size. Ad11 may have a higher vector capacity than Ad5, since it has a shorter genome and a shorter fibre. Furthermore, in the E3 region, two additional ORFs can be deleted to give extra capacity for foreign DNA.
|
|
| 32. |
- Nilsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Prostate cancer-derived urine exosomes : a novel approach to biomarkers for prostate cancer.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: British journal of cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 100:10, s. 1603-1607
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, we describe a novel approach in the search for prostate cancer biomarkers, which relies on the transcriptome within tumour exosomes. As a proof-of-concept, we show the presence of two known prostate cancer biomarkers, PCA-3 and TMPRSS2:ERG the in exosomes isolated from urine of patients, showing the potential for diagnosis and monitoring cancer patients status.
|
|
| 33. |
- Nilsson, R. Jonas A., et al.
(författare)
-
Blood platelets contain tumor-derived RNA biomarkers
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Blood. - New York : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 118:13, s. 3680-3683
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diagnostic platforms providing biomarkers that are highly predictive for diagnosing, monitoring, and stratifying cancer patients are key instruments in the development of personalized medicine. We demonstrate that tumor cells transfer (mutant) RNA into blood platelets in vitro and in vivo, and show that blood platelets isolated from glioma and prostate cancer patients contain the cancer-associated RNA biomarkers EGFRvIII and PCA3, respectively. In addition, gene-expression profiling revealed a distinct RNA signature in platelets from glioma patients compared with normal control subjects. Because platelets are easily accessible and isolated, they may form an attractive platform for the companion diagnostics of cancer.
|
|
| 34. |
- Olofsson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
-
Customer adapted grading of Scots pine sawn timber - a multivariate method approach
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 23rd International wood machining seminar. - Warsaw : Warsaw university of life sciences. - 9788394804602 ; , s. 360-361
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- At Scandinavian softwood sawmills, the most common system for grading of sawn timber in dry conditions is optical scanning equipment together with a rule-based automatic grading system (RBAG). The procedure to define new grading rules towards a customer with specified requirements is a time-consuming work for sawmills and is rarely implemented in a satisfactory way neither for the customer nor for the sawmill. An important consequence is that sawmills will, in general, not be able to deliver products that utilize the full potential of the quality distribution of the sawn timber produced at the sawmill. Their customers will get products with mismatch in desired and delivered quality grades. Thus, there is a need for a methodology that facilitates time and cost effective grading toward specific customers’ needs. The objective of the study was to further develop and validate a method that complements the RBAG by a holistic-subjective automatic grading (HSAG) approach - using multivariate regression models.In the study, 790 Scots pine boards with cross-section dimensions of 38×150 mm and length between 3.4 m and 5.6 m were manually graded according to the preferences of a large-volume customer, and also scanned and graded by an RBAG system calibrated for the same customer. Multivariate models for prediction of board grade, based on aggregated knot variables obtained from the scanning, were calibrated using partial least squares regression. The results show that prediction of board grades by the multivariate models were more correct than the grading by the RBAG system. The prediction of board grades based on multivariate models resulted in 84% of the boards graded correctly, according to the manual grading, while the corresponding number was 64% for the RBAG system. In a follow up grading test the accuracy of the two systems were 95% and 81%, respectively.
|
|
| 35. |
- Olofsson, Linus
(författare)
-
Machine Learning for Appearance Grading of Sawn Timber using Cameras and X-ray Computed Tomography
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis deals with a new approach for the appearance grading of sawn timber adapted to the requirements of modern sawmilling industries and timber market situations. Appearance grading of sawn timber allows wood products to be made with a specific visual style due to wood features such as knots. Identifying and grading sawn timber by its visual style is a holistic-subjective task that is inherently suitable for humans. However, with the ever-increasing demand for a faster and more consistent grading operation, humans have been replaced by automatic systems during the past few decades. However, the human perception of the appearance of sawn timber is not something easily defined coherently and concisely for use in automatic systems, resulting in automatic systems struggling to perform appearance grading using conventional rule-based grading. As shown in this thesis, machine-learning methods can be used to teach an automatic system to perform holistic-subjective grading in a way that emulates manual grading while still performing the fast and consistent grading associated with automatic systems. This thesis introduced machine learning for product-adapted appearance grading of sawn timber and studied the use of machine learning to appearance grade sawn timber according to standardised quality grades, using an X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner and a camera-based board scanner.In the studies presented in this thesis, measurement data from the CT scan-ner and the board scanner was used to create a set of variables only regarding knots. The variable sets and the grades of the sawn timber were modelled by projection to latent structures (PLS) models. The grade of the sawn timber was determined in three ways; firstly, manual grading according to standard-ised quality grades; secondly, called the product grade, the sawn timber was delivered to a wall-panelling customer, and the grade of the sawn timber was determined by the quality yield at the customer; and thirdly, called the image grade, images were extracted from the board scanner and used to estimate the quality yield of the wall-panelling customer manually. The grading in each scanning system was performed using a machine-learning method and a conventional rule-based approach, and their performances were compared.Seven data sets were collected in the studies presented in this thesis, each with a combination of variable sets from the scanners and quality grades as described above. In each study, one or more PLS models were trained to model the relationship between a variable set and a quality grade and used to predict the quality of the sawn timber. A PLS model predicts a score for each piece of sawn timber, and if that score passes a classification threshold, the model assigns a quality grade. This classification threshold could be tuned manually to introduce a bias in the model and thereby change the sorting outcome.When performing standardised appearance grading of dried sawn timber, both a PLS model and rule-based grading achieved about 80% grading accuracy, while a manual grader agreed to 95% with the PLS model and to 81% with the rule-based grading in a verification test. Furthermore, when performing customer-adapted grading of the standardised grades, a PLS model managed an 84% grading accuracy compared to 64% of the rule-based approach. These results show how a conventional rule-based ap-proach struggled with performing customer-adapted grading compared to a PLS model. When performing standardised grading, however, both meth-ods achieved similar grading accuracy, but only the grading performed by the PLS model could not be significantly distinguished from the targeted standardised grades.Using a PLS model to perform product-adapted grading of dried sawn tim-ber resulted in a grading accuracy of about 70%–80% for di˙erent scenarios. These gradings resulted in a quality yield, pass or fail, of about 80% for the wall-panelling customer. According to the customer, rule-based grad-ing did not yield impressive product-adapted results, and no metric was given. Furthermore, this thesis showed that the image grade was as useful as the product grade for training the PLS models, which greatly simplifies the logistical process of creating a data set for training a product-adapted machine-learning model. Had a traceability method been used to collect the data from the scanners automatically, the image grade would allow for completely software-based data collection, which is very much in line with the industry 4.0 concept.A CT scanner enables the appearance grading of virtual sawn timber in the 3D images of the scanned logs, which allows the logs to be sawn for maxi-mum value or quality yield. The CT scanner was made to perform a primary product-adapted grading using either a PLS model or a rule-based approach. In addition to this primary grading, the CT scanner and board scanner were programmed to perform a small secondary grading by limiting a small set of measurements that the CT scanner could not suÿciently account for. For example, large pith deviations were limited in the CT scanner, and rotten knots were forbidden by the board scanner, as these measurements were associated with a high risk of resulting in poor quality wall panels for the customer. With this setup, a dataset of 300 pieces of virtual sawn timber was studied. Using rule-based primary grading, the sawmill delivered about 200 pieces of sawn timber with a product yield of 77% for the customer, after the board scanner rejected 28 pieces (12%). Then, by controlling the classification threshold of a PLS model to make the primary grading very strict, meaning that the log was sawn to only yield very likely high-quality pieces of sawn timber, the sawmill could deliver 114 pieces of sawn timber with a product yield of 90%, after the board scanner rejected 9 pieces (7%). These results show that a PLS model achieved higher grading accuracy and higher quality yield than a rule-based approach. Furthermore, the classifica-tion threshold of the PLS model allows for easy and intuitive control over the sorting outcome, something that the rule-based approach does not support.This thesis showed that a PLS-based machine-learning model could be used to perform holistic-subjective appearance grading by both a CT scanner and a board scanner, where a rule-based approach struggled in all but the most familiar case of standardised grading. Once a framework for a machine-learning method such as PLS has been implemented, this thesis showed the ease of customising and fine-tuning the grading performance to be in line with customers needs. A customer or product adaptation could conceivably be initiated and finalised completely in software by automatically collecting the data using a traceability method, collecting the reference grades needed for training by grading images of sawn timber, and using the intuitive clas-sification threshold to fine-tune the sorting outcome.
|
|
| 36. |
- Olofsson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
-
Multivariate product adapted grading of Scots pine sawn timber for an industrial customer, part 1 : Method development
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 14:6, s. 428-436
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rule-based automatic grading (RBAG) of sawn timber is a common type of sorting system used in sawmills, which is intricate to customise for specific customers. This study further develops an automatic grading method to grade sawn timber according to a customer’s resulting product quality. A sawmill’s automatic sorting system used cameras to scan the 308 planks included in the study. Each plank was split at a planing mill into three boards, each planed, milled, and manually graded as desirable or not. The plank grade was correlated by multivariate partial least squares regression to aggregated variables, created from the sorting system’s measurements at the sawmill. Grading models were trained and tested independently using 5-fold cross-validation to evaluate the grading accuracy of the holistic-subjective automatic grading (HSAG), and compared with a re-substitution test. Results showed that using the HSAG method at the sawmill graded on average 74% of planks correctly, while 83% of desirable planks were correctly identified. Results implied that a sawmill sorting station could grade planks according to a customer’s product quality grade with similar accuracy to HSAG conforming with manual grading of standardised sorting classes, even when the customer is processing the planks further.
|
|
| 37. |
- Olofsson, Linus, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
-
Multivariate product adapted grading of Scots Pine sawn timber for an industrial customer, part 2 : Robustness to disturbances
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 14:6, s. 420-427
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Holistic-subjective automatic grading (HSAG) of sawn timber by an industrial customer’s product outcome is possible through the use of multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), shown by part one of this two-part study. This second part of the study aimed at testing the robustness to disturbances of such an HSAG system when grading Scots Pine sawn timber partially covered in dust. The set of 308 clean planks from part one of this study, and a set of 310 dusty planks, that by being stored inside a sawmill accumulated a layer of dust, were used. Cameras scanned each plank in a sawmill’s automatic sorting system that detected selected feature variables. The planks were then split and processed at a planing mill, and the product grade was correlated to the measured feature variables by partial least squares regression. Prediction models were tested using 5-fold cross-validation in four tests and compared to the reference result of part one of this study. The tests showed that the product adapted HSAG could grade dusty planks with similar or lower grading accuracy compared to grading clean planks. In tests grading dusty planks, the disturbing effect of the dust was difficult to capture through training.
|
|
| 38. |
- Persson, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Determination of the detection limit of Ni-59 at the Lund AMS facility by using characteristic projectile X-rays
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - 0168-583X. ; 160:4, s. 510-514
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is an ultra-sensitive method for counting atoms, both radionuclides and stable nuclides. When using small tandem accelerators to measure heavy isotopes, interfering isobars are often troublesome. One way to reduce this interference is to combine AMS with the detection of characteristic X-rays of the projectile. After analysis in the AMS system it is possible to identify ions of different atomic number by their characteristic X-rays, by slowing down the ions in a suitable target. In this paper, the detection limit of Ni-59 at the Land AMS facility is reported. A method for the chemical extraction of nickel from stainless steel, combined with a purification step to reduce the cobalt content in the sample by several orders of magnitude, is also described. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 39. |
- Redström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Informative art: using amplified artworks as information displays
- 2000. - 1
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of DARE 2000 on Designing augmented reality environments. - New York : ACM Press.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Informative art is computer augmented, or amplified, works of art that not only are aesthetical objects but also information displays, in as much as they dynamically reflect information about their environment. Informative art can be seen as a kind of slow technology, i.e. a technology that promotes moments of concentration and reflection. Our aim is to present the design space of informative art. We do so by discussing its properties and possibilities in relation to work on information visualisation, novel information display strategies, as well as art. A number of examples based on different kinds of mapping relations between information and the properties of the composition of an artwork are described.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Sehlstedt-Persson, Margot, et al.
(författare)
-
Processanpassning för funktionsbeständiga träprodukter : vilken roll spelar torkningen för virkets beständighet i utomhusprodukter ovan mark?
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Torkningsprocessens inverkan på beständigheten hos centrumsågat furuvirke 50x125 mm har studerats. Som utvärderingsmetod har röttester med brunrötesvampen Coniophora puteana (källarsvamp) gjorts på prov från splintved samt inre och yttre kärnved. Stor massförlust efter röttest visar på dålig beständighet. De torkningar som utvärderats är lufttorkning, artificiell torkning vid 70°C och 90°C samt en högtemperaturtorkning vid 110°C. För 70°C och 90°C torkningarna har två principscheman använts: ett med snabb temperaturökning i virket tidigt i torkningen och ett där virkestemperaturen når maxtemp i ett betydligt senare skede. Även inverkan av ångkonditionering i slutet av torkningen har utvärderats. Skanning med UV-ljus har utförts på virkestvärsnitt från samtliga torkningar för att undersöka hur UV-fluorescens av pinosylvin i kärnved påverkas av torkning samt om denna skanningsmetod kan användas för att prediktera massförlust (beständighet). Kapillärupptag av vatten i splint från de olika torkningarna har studerats i tomograf. Totalhalten av fenoliska ämnen i torkad kärnved, som av andra forskare visats ha stor betydelse för rötbeständighet mot källarsvamp på färsk ved, har bestämts med Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) metoden. Inledningsvis gjordes två serier med homogent spån (från virke som ej ingår i torkförsöken) som värmdes vid olika temperaturer. När resultaten från röttesterna från det torkade försöksvirket var kända utvaldes provplankor med lägst och högst massförlust ut från samtliga torkningsserier och analyserades med avseende på extraktivämneshalt och totalfenolhalt enligt FC-metoden. Resultaten sammanfattas under följande rubriker Råvaran Vid röttest med källarsvamp på torkat furuvirke konstateras Splintved ha betydligt sämre rötbeständighet än kärnved. Ingen skillnad i rötbeständighet mellan inre och yttre kärnved. Stor spridning i rötbeständighet mellan olika plankindivider men även inom en och samma planka i längdled. Svag indikation att högre veddensitet har bättre beständighet. Trolig förklaring är extraktivämneshalt. Totalfenolhalten vara högre i kärnved med hög extraktivämneshalt jämfört med låg extraktivämneshalt. Totalfenolhalten i spån från fet kärnved minskar vid värmning över 40°C upp till 110°C. Högre totalfenolhalt indikera lägre massförlust även i torkad furukärna. Torkning Vid beständighetstest med källarsvamp på furuvirke torkat vid olika temperaturer konstateras Splintved ha betydligt större massförlust än kärnved i samtliga torkningar Kärnved från lufttorkat virke ha minst massförlust vid röttest. Splintved och kärnved från virke torkat vid 90°C med snabb temperaturökning i virket ha störst massförlust vid röttest. Ångkonditionering efter torkning öka massförlusten vid röttest i furusplint. UV-skanning Vid UV-skanning av virkestvärsnitt från samtliga torkningar konstateras att färgkomponenter kan separera: - Virke torkat vid 20°C och 70°C från virke torkat vid 90°C och 110°C. - Inre kärnved från yttre kärnved och splintved. att signalerna måste kalibreras då möjligen även inslag av "vanlig färg" iveden ingår i signalerna. Kapillärförsök Då ingen fullständig utvärdering av tidsskäl hunnit göras konstateras här endast att Skillnader mellan olika torkningar kan ses i fuktgradienternas utseende i axiell led efter 6 dygns uppsugning. En tänkbar förklaring kan vara övergångar mellan olika mekanismer för vattenupptagning som har att göra med torkningssätt och temperatur, exempelvis söndertrasade pormembran i det artificiellt torkade virket eller förändrade vätningsegenskaper i veden vid högre temperatur. Projektets målsättning att formulera rekommendationer för beständighetsanpassad torkning av furuvirke sammanfattas enligt följande: Den kritiska parametern under torkningsprocessen för beständigheten i kärnved är virkestemperaturen tidigt i torkningen. För artificiell torkning i virkestork bör därför torkstyrningen anpassas så att virkestemperaturen hålls nere tidigt i torkningen när fuktkvoten är hög. För rötbeständighet i splintved är ångkonditionering efter torkning mindre lämplig.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Simonson, Oscar E., et al.
(författare)
-
In Vivo Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Two Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Stem Cells Translational Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2157-6564 .- 2157-6580. ; 4:10, s. 1199-1213
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been investigated as a treatment for various inflammatory diseases because of their immunomodulatory and reparative properties. However, many basic questions concerning their mechanisms of action after systemic infusion remain unanswered. We performed a detailed analysis of the immunomodulatory properties and proteomic profile of MSCs systemically administered to two patients with severe refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on a compassionate use basis and attempted to correlate these with in vivo anti-inflammatory actions. Both patients received 2 x 10(6) cells per kilogram, and each subsequently improved with resolution of respiratory, hemodynamic, and multiorgan failure. In parallel, a decrease was seen in multiple pulmonary and systemic markers of inflammation, including epithelial apoptosis, alveolar-capillary fluid leakage, and proinflammatory cytokines, microRNAs, and chemokines. In vitro studies of the MSCs demonstrated a broad anti-inflammatory capacity, including suppression of T-cell responses and induction of regulatory phenotypes in T cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. Some of these in vitro potency assessments correlated with, and were relevant to, the observed in vivo actions. These experiences highlight both the mechanistic information that can be gained from clinical experience and the value of correlating in vitro potency assessments with clinical effects. The findings also suggest, but do not prove, a beneficial effect of lung protective strategies using adoptively transferred MSCs in ARDS. Appropriate randomized clinical trials are required to further assess any potential clinical efficacy and investigate the effects on in vivo inflammation. STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015;4:1199-1213
|
|
| 44. |
- Skog, Daniel A., 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital Disruption
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Business & Information Systems Engineering. - : Springer. - 2363-7005 .- 1867-0202. ; 60:5, s. 431-437
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 45. |
- Skog, Daniel A., Postdoktor, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
How Spotify Balanced Trade-Offs in Pursuing Digital Platform Growth
- 2021
-
Ingår i: MIS Quarterly Executive. - : AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). - 1540-1960 .- 1540-1979. ; 20:4, s. 259-274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital service platforms need to be embedded in external device platforms because they are not bundled with a proprietary device. From our analysis of the Spotify music streaming service, we have identified three strategic objectives that service platform providers need to pursue as they establish and scale their services. Achieving each objective will require trade-offs, and we described the tactics Spotify used to manage these trade-offs. We conclude by providing recommendations on how other service platform providers can apply these tactics
|
|
| 46. |
- Skog, Daniel, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital Service Platform Evolution : How Spotify Leveraged Boundary Resources to Become a Global Leader in Music Streaming
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - 9780998133119 ; , s. 4564-4573
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on digital platform evolution is largely focused on how platform-owners leverage boundary resources to facilitate and control contributions from external developers to extend the functional diversity and scope of a digital device. However, our knowledge of the digital platforms that carve out their existence exclusively in the service layer of industry architectures, i.e. without proprietary device connections, is limited. The concept of digital service platforms directs attention to such platforms, the role of end-users as value co-creators, and devices as requisite, but not necessarily proprietary, distribution mechanisms for service. Based on a longitudinal case study of Spotify, this paper contributes by demonstrating that digital service platform evolution is characterized by specific architectural conditions that rationalize the use of boundary resources for extending scale rather than scope, and for resourcing and controlling not only developers but also end-users as a means to strategically adjust the evolutionary process.
|
|
| 47. |
- Skog, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Adenoviruses 16 and CV23 efficiently transduce human low-passage brain tumor and cancer stem cells
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Molecular Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-0016 .- 1525-0024. ; 15:12, s. 2140-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most clinical protocols involving adenovirus (Ad) vectors for gene therapy use a vector based on serotype 5 (Ad5). We believe that this serotype is not suitable for all gene therapy applications and that alternative vectors based on other serotypes should be developed. We have compared the ability of Ad5, Ad11p, Ad16p, and a chimpanzee Ad (CV23) to infect human low-passage brain tumor cells as well as primary glioma cells sorted into a CD133(+) and CD133(-) population. Cancer stem cells have been shown to reside in the CD133(+) population of cells in human glioma tumors and they are of considerable interest in glioma therapy. Ad16p and CV23 infected the low-passage brain tumor cell lines and also the CD133(+) and CD133(-) primary tumor cells most efficiently. Interestingly, as the passage number of the cells increased, the infection capacity of Ad5 increased significantly, whereas this was not seen for CV23. To ensure the therapeutic effect of Ad vectors on brain tumors, the vector must be capable of addressing both the CD133(+) cancer stem cells and the CD133(-) cells of the tumor. In particular, Ad16 and CV23 are meeting this challenge.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Skog, Johan
(författare)
-
Characterization of sawlogs using industrial X-ray and 3D scanning
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the Nordic countries, sawlogs are typically sorted upon arrival at the sawmill based on species and dimension. By processing batches of logs with similar size, the sawing process becomes more efficient; the need to change sawing pattern between individual logs is reduced, and the handling of sawn goods is simplified, since the number of different dimensions produced simultaneously decreases. However, since wood is a biological material with great heterogeneity, there will be a large variation in the properties also of boards sawn from logs of similar size. This means that a significant amount of the boards may be carrying unwanted combinations of dimension and grade, so called off-grade products. The problem with off-grade products may be addressed before sawing by the selection of suitable sawing patterns for each log, i.e., using the right logs for the right products. This requires knowledge of the internal quality of the log before sawing. Some information can be obtained from the outer shape measured by an optical three-dimensional (3D) scanner and more detailed information can be obtained using an X-ray log scanner. Today, the use of X-ray log scanners is becoming increasingly common, and most sawmills installing an X-ray scanner already have a 3D scanner present. This raises the question of possible benefits from combining the X-ray and 3D scanning techniques. In this thesis, a method is presented whereby the outer shape of the log measured by a 3D scanner is utilized to estimate the X-ray path lengths through the wood. This converts the X-ray images into green density images of the log, which may in turn be used to calculate quality variables such as heartwood diameter, dry density, moisture content and presence of top rupture. The methods have been tested on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) sawlogs using X-ray scanners with one or two measurement directions. The developed methods show a great improvement in precision compared to calculations based on uncompensated X-ray images, and most of the algorithms presented in the thesis have now been implemented in industrial scanner software and are ready for use at the sawmills. This will give the sawmill industry new possibilities to control the production of special products where heartwood diameter and density are important and will lead to less waste and improved profitability for the sawmills.The thesis also describes a method where X-ray scanning is utilized to automatically perform parts of the log grading for payment. This method can improve productivity in the sawmills by remedying a severe bottleneck in the production chain. An authorization of this method for semiautomatic log grading for payment is expected to further increase the industry’s interest in X-ray scanning.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
