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| 2. |
- Ohrbach, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Characteristics of Pain Among Five Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache. - : Quintessence. - 2333-0384. ; 34:Suppl, s. 29-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To describe the pain characteristics of five index chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) and to assess each COPC separately in order to determine whether the presence of comorbid COPCs is associated with bodily pain distribution, pain intensity, pain interference, and high-impact pain of the index COPC. Methods: Data were from a convenience sample of 655 US adults, of whom 388 had one or more of the five COPCs: painful temporomandibular disorders, headache, low back pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and/or fibromyalgia. Data were collected using pain location checklists and self-report questions regarding pain attributes. The contributions of the COPCs to reported pain intensity and interference were assessed using multivariable regression models. Results/Conclusion: Heat maps from a pain body manikin illustrated that very little of the body was pain free within these COPCs. All pain attributes were the most severe for fibromyalgia and the least severe for irritable bowel syndrome. Within each index COPC, pain intensity, pain interference, and the proportion of participants with high-impact pain increased with each additional comorbid COPC up to four or more COPCs (including the index COPC) (P < .01). High-impact pain associated with an index COPC was influenced by type and number of comorbid COPCs, largely in a gradient-specific manner.
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| 3. |
- Sharma, Sonia, et al.
(författare)
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Attributes Germane to Temporomandibular Disorders and Their Associations with Five Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache. - : Quintessence. - 2333-0384. ; 34:Suppl, s. 57-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate whether TMD-related characteristics are indeed specific to TMD or whether they are also associated with other chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 22 characteristics related broadly to TMD (eg, jaw kinesiophobia, overuse behaviors, and functional limitation) were measured in 178 painful TMD cases who were also classified according to four COPCs: headache, low back pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and fibromyalgia. Differences in mean subscale scores were compared according to individual chronic pain conditions and according to number of COPCs. Results: Headache, low back pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and fibromyalgia were each associated (P < .05) with higher values of at least one TMD-relevant characteristic. In the multivariable analysis, TMD was independently associated with 20 of the 22 characteristics (P < .01), and other COPCs were associated variably. A critical threshold existed between the number of COPCs and TMD characteristics: all characteristics were elevated for subjects with >= 3 COPCs (P <=.01). Conclusion: The overlap between COPCs and characteristics typically regarded as specific to painful TMD has implications for treatment targeted at both the local TMD condition and the broader pain disorder underlying the COPC(s). In TMD patients, the overall burden of pain from COPCs may create a shift in the pain-processing systems that underlie these TMD-relevant characteristics.
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| 4. |
- Sharma, Sonia, et al.
(författare)
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Incident injury is strongly associated with subsequent incident temporomandibular disorder : results from the OPPERA study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ltd.. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 160:7, s. 1551-1561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-sectional studies confirm, as expected, a positive association between jaw injury and painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), but prospective evaluations are lacking. We prospectively assessed incident jaw injury, injury type, and development of TMD in adults aged 18 to 44 years. Data were collected from 3258 individuals from communities surrounding 4 US academic institutes between 2006 and 2008. At enrollment, participants reported no TMD history and no facial injuries in the previous 6 months. Quarterly, follow-up questionnaires assessed incident jaw injury, which was classified as intrinsic (attributed to yawning or prolonged mouth opening) or extrinsic (attributed to other causes). Examiners classified incident TMD during a median follow-up period of 2.8 years (range 0.2-5.2 years). Cox regression models used jaw injury as a time-dependent covariate to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association with incident TMD. Among 1729 participants with complete data, 175 developed TMD. Eighty percent of injuries were intrinsic. Temporomandibular disorder annual incidence was nearly twice as high in those experiencing jaw injury (5.37%) compared with those who did not (3.44%). In the Cox model that accounted for timing of injury, the corresponding HR was 3.94 (95% CI = 2.82-5.50) after adjusting for study site, age, race, and sex. Hazard ratios did not differ (P = 0.91) for extrinsic injuries (HR = 4.03, 95% CI = 2.00-8.12) and intrinsic injuries (HR = 3.85, 95% CI = 2.70-5.49). Jaw injury was strongly associated with incident TMD. If surveillance and intervention after jaw injury is to be effective in preventing TMD, they should focus on both intrinsic and extrinsic injuries.
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| 5. |
- Slade, Gary D., et al.
(författare)
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Overlap of Five Chronic Pain Conditions : Temporomandibular Disorders, Headache, Back Pain, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Fibromyalgia
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache. - : Quintessence. - 2333-0384 .- 2333-0376. ; 34:Suppl, s. 15-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To assess cohort retention in the OPPERA project and to compare the degree of overlap between pairs of chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) using a cross-sectional analysis of data from 655 adults who completed followup in the OPPERA study. Methods: Subjects were classified for the absence or presence of each of the five COPCs. The extent of overlap beyond chance was quantified using odds ratios, which were calculated using binary logistic regression models. Results: While overlap was the norm, its magnitude varied according to COPC: 51% of people with headache had one or more overlapping COPCs, and this proportion increased to 90% for people with fibromyalgia. The degree of overlap between pairs of COPCs also varied considerably, with odds ratios being greatest for associations between musculoskeletal conditions (fibromyalgia,temporomandibular disorders, and low back pain) and less pronounced for overlap invoMng headache or IBS. Furthermore, univariate associations between some pairs of COPCs were nullified after adjusting for other COPCs. Conclusion: There was greater overlap between fibromyalgia and either temporomandibular disorders or low back pain than between other pairs of COPCs. While musculoskeletal conditions exhibited some features that could be explained by a single functional syndrome, headache and irritable bowel syndrome did not.
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| 6. |
- Vinkler, Michal, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the evolution of immune genes in jawed vertebrates
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 36:6, s. 847-873
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driven by co-evolution with pathogens, host immunity continuously adapts to optimize defence against pathogens within a given environment. Recent advances in genetics, genomics and transcriptomics have enabled a more detailed investigation into how immunogenetic variation shapes the diversity of immune responses seen across domestic and wild animal species. However, a deeper understanding of the diverse molecular mechanisms that shape immunity within and among species is still needed to gain insight into-and generate evolutionary hypotheses on-the ultimate drivers of immunological differences. Here, we discuss current advances in our understanding of molecular evolution underpinning jawed vertebrate immunity. First, we introduce the immunome concept, a framework for characterizing genes involved in immune defence from a comparative perspective, then we outline how immune genes of interest can be identified. Second, we focus on how different selection modes are observed acting across groups of immune genes and propose hypotheses to explain these differences. We then provide an overview of the approaches used so far to study the evolutionary heterogeneity of immune genes on macro and microevolutionary scales. Finally, we discuss some of the current evidence as to how specific pathogens affect the evolution of different groups of immune genes. This review results from the collective discussion on the current key challenges in evolutionary immunology conducted at the ESEB 2021 Online Satellite Symposium: Molecular evolution of the vertebrate immune system, from the lab to natural populations.
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| 7. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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