| 1. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(author)
-
- 2023
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 2. |
- Ward, S. R., et al.
(author)
-
Rotator cuff muscle architecture: implications for glenohumeral stability
- 2006
-
In: Clin Orthop Relat Res. - 0009-921X. ; 448, s. 157-63
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examined the architectural properties of the rotator cuff muscles in 10 cadaveric specimens to understand their functional design. Based on our data and previously published joint angle-muscle excursion data, sarcomere length operating ranges were modeled through all permutations in 75 masculine medial and lateral rotation and 75 masculine abduction at the glenohumeral joint. Based on physiologic cross-sectional area, the subscapularis would have the greatest force-producing capacity, followed by the infraspinatus, supraspinatus, and teres minor. Based on fiber length, the supraspinatus would operate over the widest range of sarcomere lengths. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus had relatively long sarcomere lengths in the anatomic position, and were under relatively high passive tensions at rest, indicating they are responsible for glenohumeral resting stability. However, the subscapularis contributed passive tension at maximum abduction and lateral rotation, indicating it plays a critical role in glenohumeral stability in the position of apprehension. These data illustrate the exquisite coupling of muscle architecture and joint mechanics, which allows the rotator cuff to produce near maximal active tensions in the midrange and produce passive tensions in the various end-range positions. During surgery relatively small changes to rotator cuff muscle length may result in relatively large changes in shoulder function.
|
|
| 3. |
- Campieri, M, et al.
(author)
-
Oral budesonide is as effective as oral prednisolone in active Crohn's disease. The Global Budesonide Study Group
- 1997
-
In: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 41:2, s. 209-214
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background—The use of corticosteroids in active Crohn’s disease often becomes limited by side effects. Budesonide is a potent corticosteroid with low systemic bioavailability due to an extensive first pass liver metabolism.Aims—To compare the efficacy and safety of two dosage regimens of budesonide and prednisolone in patients with active Crohn’s disease affecting the ileum and/or the ascending colon.Patients and methods—One hundred and seventy eight patients were randomised to receive budesonide controlled ileal release (CIR) capsules 9 mg once daily or 4.5 mg twice daily, or prednisolone tablets 40 mg once daily. The treatment period was 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was clinical remission, defined as a Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) of 150 or less.Results—After eight weeks of treatment, remission occurred in 60% of patients receiving budesonide once daily or prednisolone and in 42% of those receiving budesonide twice daily (p=0.062). The presence of glucocorticoid associated side effects was similar in all groups; however, moon face was more common in the prednisolone group (p=0.0005). The highest frequency of impaired adrenal function, as measured by a short ACTH test, was found in the prednisolone group (p=0.0023).Conclusions—Budesonide CIR, administered at 9 mg once daily or 4.5 mg twice daily, is comparable to prednisolone in inducing remission in active Crohn’s disease. The single dose administration is as promptly effective as prednisolone and represents a simpler and safer therapeutic approach, with a considerable reduction in side effects.
|
|
| 4. |
- Fridén, Jan, 1953, et al.
(author)
-
Passive muscle-tendon amplitude may not reflect skeletal muscle functional excursion
- 2006
-
In: J Hand Surg [Am]. - : Elsevier BV. - 0363-5023. ; 31:7, s. 1105-10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To quantify the gain in muscle mobility with progressive release of surrounding connective-tissue structures and to compare this property with the known architecture of each muscle. METHODS: Each of 5 different muscle tendon units (extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator teres) was released from its insertion and secured into the jaws of a clamp attached to a servomotor that could be operated under length or force control to simulate the load placed on the tendon by a surgical assistant. A constant load of 5 N was applied to the tendon while the muscle-tendon unit was released surgically from the surrounding tissue in 1-cm increments. Mobility was plotted against release distance and analyzed by linear regression to yield mobility gain, the slope of the regression equation. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare mobility gain among muscles. RESULTS: In contrast to previous results from the brachioradialis muscle in which the mobility gain was large and highly nonlinear, mobility gain was small, consistent, and linear for all muscles studied. The smallest mobility gain was for the flexor digitorum superficialis and was highly linear. The largest gain was for the pronator teres and again was highly linear. In general, the mobility gain for the extensor carpi radialis brevis was similar to that of the extensor carpi radial longus. The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle was difficult to mobilize, and its gain was modest. There was no significant correlation between mobility gain of the forearm muscles during progressive release and the length of their fibers. CONCLUSIONS: The small mobility and complete lack of correlation with fiber length provide strong evidence that mobility gain does not accurately reflect muscle excursion as it is typically described. This calls into question the general practice of tensioning muscles by first passively extending the muscle and then choosing the attachment length as a particular portion of that passive relationship.
|
|
| 5. |
- Smallwood, Gregory J., et al.
(author)
-
Concurrent quantitative laser-induced incandescence and SMPS measurements of EGR effects on particulate emissions from a TDI Diesel engine
- 2002
-
In: SAE Technical Papers. - 0148-7191.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A comparison of scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and laser-induced incandescence (LII) measurements of diesel particulate matter (PM) was performed. The results reveal the significance of the aggregate nature of diesel PM on interpretation of size and volume fraction measurements obtained with an SMPS, and the accuracy of primary particle size measurements by LII. Volume fraction calculations based on the mobility diameter measured by the SMPS substantially over-predict the space-filling volume fraction of the PM. Correction algorithms for the SMPS measurements, to account for the fractal nature of the aggregate morphology, result in a substantial reduction in the reported volume. The behavior of the particulate volume fraction, mean and standard deviation of the mobility diameter, and primary particle size are studied as a function of the EGR for a range of steady-state engine speeds and loads for a turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine. Both the SMPS and LII techniques demonstrate good repeatability and consistency with each other. Increasing the EGR results in a sharp rise in the volume fraction of particulates for all engine speeds and loads. At all speed and load conditions the primary particle size decreases with increasing EGR.
|
|
