| 1. |
- Christiansen, F., et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound image analysis using deep neural networks for discriminating between benign and malignant ovarian tumors : comparison with expert subjective assessment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 0960-7692 .- 1469-0705. ; 57:1, s. 155-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To develop and test the performance of computerized ultrasound image analysis using deep neural networks (DNNs) in discriminating between benign and malignant ovarian tumors and to compare its diagnostic accuracy with that of subjective assessment (SA) by an ultrasound expert. Methods: We included 3077 (grayscale, n = 1927; power Doppler, n = 1150) ultrasound images from 758 women with ovarian tumors, who were classified prospectively by expert ultrasound examiners according to IOTA (International Ovarian Tumor Analysis) terms and definitions. Histological outcome from surgery (n = 634) or long-term (>= 3 years) follow-up (n = 124) served as the gold standard. The dataset was split into a training set (n = 508; 314 benign and 194 malignant), a validation set (n = 100; 60 benign and 40 malignant) and a test set (n = 150; 75 benign and 75 malignant). We used transfer learning on three pre-trained DNNs: VGG16, ResNet50 and MobileNet. Each model was trained, and the outputs calibrated, using temperature scaling. An ensemble of the three models was then used to estimate the probability of malignancy based on all images from a given case. The DNN ensemble classified the tumors as benign or malignant (Ovry-Dx1 model); or as benign, inconclusive or malignant (Ovry-Dx2 model). The diagnostic performance of the DNN models, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, was compared to that of SA for classifying ovarian tumors in the test set. Results: At a sensitivity of 96.0%, Ovry-Dx1 had a specificity similar to that of SA (86.7% vs 88.0%; P = 1.0). Ovry-Dx2 had a sensitivity of 97.1% and a specificity of 93.7%, when designating 12.7% of the lesions as inconclusive. By complimenting Ovry-Dx2 with SA in inconclusive cases, the overall sensitivity (96.0%) and specificity (89.3%) were not significantly different from using SA in all cases (P = 1.0). Conclusion: Ultrasound image analysis using DNNs can predict ovarian malignancy with a diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of human expert examiners, indicating that these models may have a role in the triage of women with an ovarian tumor.
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| 2. |
- Hasler, B., et al.
(författare)
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Hydro-economic modelling of cost-effective transboundary water quality management in the Baltic Sea
- 2014
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Ingår i: Water Resources and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4284. ; 5, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Helcom's recently revised Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) aims to reduce eutrophication in the, Baltic Sea by reducing nutrient loads from all discharging drainage basins. The BALTCOST costminimisation, model, featuring abatement cost and effect functions which utilise spatial data down to, 10×10km2 grid cell resolution, is used to identify a cost-effective distribution of nutrient abatement, measures between drainage basins whilst attempting to achieve specified nutrient load reductions for, separate Baltic Sea regions. Results indicate that the 2013 BSAP load reduction targets for nitrogen and phosphorus can be achieved in most Baltic Sea regions, except for phosphorus into the Baltic Proper, and the Gulf of Finland. The estimated minimum total cost of delivering these reductions is 4.17 billion, Euros annually, with substantial differences in the cost burden between countries and measures.Results are strongly influenced by differences in nutrient retention between drainage basins. Detailed, retention modelling and high spatial resolution source data are major novel features of this research.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Thomas, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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He-6 and neutron momentum distributions from He-8 in nuclear break-up reactions at 240 MeV/u
- 1996
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 598:3, s. 418-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutron and He-6 momentum distributions from He-8 break-up reactions in a C target have been measured at 240 MeV/u. The two-neutron removal cross section was found to be sigma(-2n) = 0.27 +/- 0.03 b. The nature of the momentum distributions is interpreted in some simple reaction scenarios.
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| 4. |
- Smedberg, E, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of maxillary advancement on speech and velopharyngeal function in patients with cleft lip and palate
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. - : SAGE Publications. - 1545-1569. ; 51:3, s. 334-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and maxillary retrognathia are usually treated with maxillary advancement (Le Fort I osteotomy). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maxillary advancement on the velopharyngeal function (VPF) and symptoms of velopharyngeal incompetence in patients with CLP. Design Retrospective group study before and after treatment. Participants All patients who had undergone Le Fort I osteotomy due to maxillary retrognathia from 2007 to 2010 at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden (n = 13). Pre- and postoperatively standardized examinations were used. Blinded audio recordings were independently assessed by three experienced speech pathologists. Acoustical data (nasometry) and information on VPF (videoradiography and nasoendoscopy) were collected from the medical records. Two patients with additional malformations were considered outliers, and group data were based on a sample size of n = 11. Main Outcome Measures Perceptual and acoustic symptoms of velopharyngeal incompetence and overall assessment of VPF. Results No assessment method showed a significant deterioration of the VPF postoperatively. Individual data revealed that 6 of the 13 patients had no or only one symptom pre- and/or postoperatively. The two patients with additional malformations had most symptoms pre- and postoperatively and did not change. Three patients had an increased number of symptoms postoperatively by at least two symptoms. No associations between the outcome and possible prognostic factors were found. Conclusions Maxillary advancement did not have a significant impact on the VPF at the group level, but three individuals had a somewhat deteriorated VPF postoperatively.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Stalnacke, P., et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen surface water retention in the Baltic Sea drainage basin
- 2015
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Ingår i: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1027-5606 .- 1607-7938. ; 19:2, s. 981-996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we estimate the surface water retention of nitrogen (N) in all the 117 drainage basins to the Baltic Sea with the use of a statistical model (MESAW) for source apportionment of riverine loads of pollutants. Our results show that the MESAW model was able to estimate the N load at the river mouth of 88 Baltic Sea rivers, for which we had observed data, with a sufficient degree of precision and accuracy. The estimated retention parameters were also statistically significant. Our results show that around 380 000 t of N are annually retained in surface waters draining to the Baltic Sea. The total annual riverine load from the 117 basins to the Baltic Sea was estimated at 570 000 t of N, giving a total surface water N retention of around 40 %. In terms of absolute retention values, three major river basins account for 50% of the total retention in the 117 basins; i.e. around 104 000 t of N are retained in Neva, 55 000 t in Vistula and 32 000 t in Oder. The largest retention was found in river basins with a high percentage of lakes as indicated by a strong relationship between N retention (%) and share of lake area in the river drainage areas. For example in Gota alv, we estimated a total N retention of 72 %, whereof 67% of the retention occurred in the lakes of that drainage area (Lake Vanern primarily). The obtained results will hopefully enable the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) to refine the nutrient load targets in the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), as well as to better identify cost-efficient measures to reduce nutrient loadings to the Baltic Sea.
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| 7. |
- Andersen, Hans Estrup, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Hot Spots of Agricultural Nitrogen Loss Within the Baltic Sea Drainage Basin
- 2016
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 227:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural management practices are among the major drivers of agricultural nitrogen (N) loss. Legislation and management incentives for measures to mitigate N loss should eventually be carried out at the individual farm level. Consequently, an appropriate scale to simulate N loss from a scientific perspective should be at the farm scale. A data set of more than 4000 agricultural fields with combinations of climate, soils and agricultural management which overall describes the variations found in the Baltic Sea drainage basin was constructed. The soil-vegetation-atmosphere model Daisy (Hansen et al. 2012) was used to simulate N loss from the root zone of all agricultural fields in the data set. From the data set of Daisy simulations, we identified the most important drivers for N loss by multiple regression statistics and developed a statistical N loss model. By applying this model to a basin-wide data set on climate, soils and agricultural management at a 10 x 10 km scale, we were able to calculate root-zone N losses from the entire Baltic Sea drainage basin and identify N loss hot spots in a consistent way and at a level of detail not hitherto seen for this area. Further, the root-zone N loss model was coupled to estimates of nitrogen retention in catchments separated into retention in groundwater and retention in surface waters allowing calculation of the coastal N loading.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Borge, M. J. G., et al.
(författare)
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Elucidating halo structure by beta decay: beta gamma from the Li-11 decay
- 1997
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Ingår i: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 55:1, s. R8-R11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New values for the gamma ray intensities following the beta decay of Li-11 are presented. Special emphasis is put on the determination of the Gamow-Teller transition Li-11 --> Be-11 (1/2(-), 320 keV) to the only bound excited state in Be-11. We show that a shell-model calculation can simultaneously reproduce the half-life of Li-11 and the newly measured branching ratio to the 1/2(-) state provided the Li-11 ground state wave function contains about 50% of s-wave neutron components.
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| 10. |
- Borge, M. J. G., et al.
(författare)
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Probing the Li-11 halo structure through beta-decay into the Be-11(*) (18 MeV) state
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 613:3, s. 199-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental study of beta-delayed charged particles (H, He, Be) from Li-11 shows a beta-feeding to an excited state at 18.15(15) MeV in Be-11 with a large Gamow-Teller strength, B-GT greater than or equal to 1.6. Branching ratios and reduced widths of 2-, 3- and 5- particle decay channels of this state are extracted, A strong suppression of the neutron branch from the 18 MeV state to the Be-10(g.s.) is observed, We suggest that the measured partial width may be sensitive to the (p(1/2))(2) component in the Li-11 halo, A rough estimate indicates that the (p(1/2))(2) component is not the dominant one in the halo wave-function.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Czajkowski, Mikołaj, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing the cost-effectiveness of nutrient reduction targets using different spatial scales
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 790
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate the potential gains in cost-effectiveness from changing the spatial scale at which nutrient reduction targets are set for the Baltic Sea, with particular focus on nutrient loadings from agriculture. The costs of achieving loading reductions are compared across five levels of spatial scale, namely the entire Baltic Sea; the marine basin level; the country level; the watershed level; and the grid square level. A novel highly-disaggregated model, which represents decreases in agricultural profits, changes in root zone N concentrations and transport to the Baltic Sea is used. The model includes 14 Baltic Sea marine basins, 14 countries, 117 watersheds and 19,023 10-by-10 km grid squares. The main result which emerges is that there is a large variation in the total cost of the program depending on the spatial scale of targeting: for example, for a 40% reduction in loads, the costs of a Baltic Sea-wide target is nearly three times lower than targets set at the smallest level of spatial scale (grid square). These results have important implications for both domestic and international policy design for achieving water quality improvements where non-point pollution is a key stressor of water quality.
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| 13. |
- Dini, P., et al.
(författare)
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ICDS 2010 Preface
- 2010
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Ingår i: 4th International Conference on Digital Society, ICDS 2010, Includes CYBERLAWS 2010: 1st International Conference on Technical and Legal Aspects of the e-Society. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. xi-xii
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 14. |
- Eklund, Arne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term results of a randomized clinical trial comparing Lichtenstein open repair with totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair
- 2006
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 93:9, s. 1060-1068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy has emerged as a recognized operative method for inguinal hernia repair. This study compared the short-term results of two tension-free methods of repair: totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic patch repair and the open Lichtenstein mesh technique. Methods: A total of 1513 men from 11 hospitals who presented with a primary unilateral inguinal hernia were randomized to one of the two methods. Operating time, short-term complications, reoperations, postoperative pain, consumption of analgesics, sick leave and time to resumption of normal physical activities were recorded. Results: Some 1371 of the 1513 men underwent surgery, 665 in the TEP group and 706 in the Lichtenstein group. The median duration of operation was 55 min for both procedures and 91.0 per cent of die patients in both groups were discharged on the day of operation. Patients in the TEP group experienced less postoperative pain (P < 0.001), consumed fewer analgesics (P < 0.001), had a shorter period of sick leave (7 versus 12 days; P < 0.001) and a shorter time to resumption of normal physical activity (20 versus 31 days; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The TEP technique took no longer to perform, and was associated with less postoperative pain, a shorter period of sick leave and a faster recovery, compared with open Lichtenstein hernia repair.
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| 15. |
- Marques, F. M., et al.
(författare)
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Neutrons from the breakup of C-19
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - 0370-2693. ; 381:4, s. 407-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutrons arising from the breakup of a 30 MeV/nucleon C-19 beam on a tantalum target have been measured using the 98 element array DEMON. A narrow, forward peaked neutron angular distribution, with a corresponding momentum spread considerably smaller than those measured simultaneously for N-21, O-22 and F-24 was observed for charged fragments with Z
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| 16. |
- Miserez, M., et al.
(författare)
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Update with level 1 studies of the European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hernia. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1265-4906 .- 1248-9204. ; 18:2, s. 151-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: In 2009, the European Hernia Society published the EHS Guidelines for the Treatment of Inguinal Hernia in Adult Patients. The Guidelines contain recommendations for the treatment of inguinal hernia from diagnosis till aftercare. The guidelines expired January 1, 2012. To keep them updated, a revision of the guidelines was planned including new level 1 evidence.METHODS: The original Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine ranking was used. All relevant level 1A and level 1B literature from May 2008 to June 2010 was searched (Medline and Cochrane) by the Working Group members. All chapters were attributed to the two responsible authors in the initial guidelines document. One new chapter on fixation techniques was added. The quality was assessed by the Working Group members during a 2-day meeting and the data were analysed, especially with respect to any change in the level and/or text of any of the conclusions or recommendations of the initial guidelines. In the end, all relevant references published until January 1, 2013 were included. The final text was approved by all Working Group members.RESULTS: For the following topics, the conclusions and/or recommendations have been changed: indications for treatment, treatment of inguinal hernia, day surgery, antibiotic prophylaxis, training, postoperative pain control and chronic pain. The addendum contains all current level 1 conclusions, Grade A recommendations and new Grade B recommendations based on new level 1 evidence (with the changes in bold).CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that the Working Group responsible for it tried to represent most kinds of surgeons treating inguinal hernias, such general guidelines inevitably must be fitted to the daily practice of every individual surgeon treating his/her patients. There is no doubt that the future of guideline implementation will strongly depend on the development of easy to use decision support algorithms tailored to the individual patient and on evaluating the effect of guideline implementation on surgical outcome. At the 35th International Congress of the EHS in Gdansk, Poland (May 12-15, 2013), it was decided that the EHS, IEHS and EAES will collaborate from now on with the final goal to publish new joint guidelines, most likely in 2015.
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| 17. |
- Mukha, I., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of the Li-11(beta d) decay
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 367:1-4, s. 65-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental data from the decay of Li-11 show for the first time the presence of beta-delayed deuterons with a branching ratio larger than 10(-4). To distinguish between beta d and beta t events the decays of the daughter nuclei Li-9 and Li-8 were identified in the energy and decay time spectra. Furthermore, a time correlation analysis between the beta d events and the subsequent daughter decays was performed.
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| 18. |
- Mukha, I., et al.
(författare)
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Super-strong beta-decay of Li-11 into Be-11* (18 MeV) state: A probe for halo p-wave component?
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 616:1-2, s. C201-C207
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental study of beta-delayed charged particles (H, He, Be), neutrons and gamma-rays that follow the Li-11 beta-decay, clearly indicates a beta-feeding to an exited state at 18.1 MeV in Be-11 with a large Gamow-Teller strength, B-GT greater than or equal to 1.0. The large strength of this beta-transition implies a broad overlap of the Be-11* state at 18.1 MeV and the ground state of Li-11. The deduced width of this resonance is similar or equal to 1 MeV. A strong suppression of the branch from 18.1 MeV state into the Be-10+n channel is observed. This branch, with the largest decay energy, has a partial width less than 1% of the total width. A centrifugal barrier consideration fails to explain this effect. A possible consequence of the observed effect for the Li-11 structure is that the admixture of (p(1/2))(2) configuration in Li-11 might be small.
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| 19. |
- Möller U, Olsson, et al.
(författare)
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Modern technology against falls – A description of the MoTFall project
- 2021
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Ingår i: Health Informatics Journal. - : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 1460-4582 .- 1741-2811. ; 27:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To meet future challenges from an older and physically less active population innovative solutions are needed. Modern Technology against Falls (MoTFall) aims to prevent falls, increase physical activity and improve self-rated health among older people by means of an information and communication technology based system. The project has developed technology-based solutions, focusing on person-centred care. A participatory research design was applied in the development of a mobile application, a wearable inertial movement measurement unit (IMMU), called the Snubblometer (‘snubbla’ is ‘stumble’ in Swedish) and a web-based education programme for health care professionals. The mobile application includes a fall risk index, exercises and information related to falls prevention. By linking the app to the IMMU, person-centred interventions can be developed and implemented in various health care settings and with different target populations. The IMMU has shown good validity and reliability for measuring postural sway and high sensitivity and specificity for measuring a near fall. The education programme is directed at non-graduate health care professionals in nursing homes and home care. The technical solutions have potential for use in research and in clinical practice. © The Author(s) 2021.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Rahm, Lars, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Dissolved silicate dynamics in boreal and subarctic rivers - vegetation control over temperature?
- 2006. - 1
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Ingår i: The Silicon Cycle. - New York : Island Press. ; , s. 53-69
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon is among the most abundant elements on earth. It plays a key but largely unappreciated role in many biogeochemical processes, including those that regulate climate and undergird marine food webs. The Silicon Cycle is the first book in more than 20 years to present a comprehensive overview of the silicon cycle and issues associated with it. The book summarizes the major outcomes of the project Land-Ocean Interactions: Silica Cycle, initiated by the Scientific Community on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). It tracks the pathway of silicon from land to sea and discusses its biotic and abiotic modifications in transit as well as its cycling in the coastal seas. Natural geological processes in combination with atmospheric and hydrological processes are discussed, as well as human perturbations of the natural controls of the silicon cycle.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Sandström, Ulf, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Hans Excellens: om miljardsatsningarna på starka forskningsmiljöer
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En rapport skriven på uppdrag av Delegationen för jämställdhet i högskolan som syftar till att granska satsningar på excellens och starka forskningsmiljöer ur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv. Rapporten bygger på bibliometriska och statistiska analyser av medicinska, naturvetenskapliga och tekniska miljöer och visar att kvinnor har missgynnats på flera sätt. Kvalificerade kvinnor känner sig mindre manade att söka och beviljandegraden för kvinnor är lägre trots att de i flera fall är lika väl meriterade.
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| 24. |
- Sevonius, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Type of Mesh Repair on 2nd Recurrence After Recurrent Groin Hernia Surgery
- 2015
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Ingår i: World Journal of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-2323 .- 0364-2313. ; 39:2, s. 315-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the Swedish Hernia Register (SHR), the reoperation rate is more than doubled after recurrent groin hernia repair compared with primary repair. The aim was to study the impact of type of mesh repair used in recurrent groin hernia surgery on a 2nd recurrence in a population-based cohort derived from the SHR. All 1st recurrent hernia repairs in the south-west region of Sweden, registered in SHR between 1998 up to 2007 were included. A questionnaire was sent in 2009. Patients stating a new lump or persisting problems were examined. A 2nd recurrence was identified as a 2nd reoperation or at physical examination. The incidence was analysed comparing anterior mesh repair (AMR) and posterior mesh repairs (PMR) (endoscopic and open). Eight hundred and fifteen recurrent operations in 767 patents were analysed, 401 AMRs and 414 PMRs. PMR had a lower 2nd recurrence rate compared with AMR (5.6 vs. 11.0 %) (p = 0.025). An increased risk [3.21 (CI 1.33-7.44) (p = 0.009)] of a subsequent 2nd recurrence was seen after anterior index repair followed by AMR and a decreased risk [0.08 (CI 0.01-0.94) (p = 0.045)] after posterior index repair followed by AMR. PMR in recurrent groin hernia surgery was associated with a lower 2nd recurrence rate compared to anterior. A posterior approach for 1st recurrent operation is recommended after an anterior index repair and an anterior approach after a posterior index operation.
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