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- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Appelhans, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny, evolutionary trends and classification of the Spathelia-Ptaeroxylon clade : morphological and molecular insights
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of Botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-7364 .- 1095-8290. ; 107:8, s. 1259-1277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims The Spathelia-Ptaeroxylon clade is a group of morphologically diverse plants that have been classified together as a result of molecular phylogenetic studies. The clade is currently included in Rutaceae and recognized at a subfamilial level (Spathelioideae) despite the fact that most of its genera have traditionally been associated with other families and that there are no obvious morphological synapomorphies for the clade. The aim of the present study is to construct phylogenetic trees for the Spathelia-Ptaeroxylon clade and to investigate anatomical characters in order to decide whether it should be kept in Rutaceae or recognized at the familial level. Anatomical characters were plotted on a cladogram to help explain character evolution within the group. Moreover, phylogenetic relationships and generic limits within the clade are also addressed. Methods A species-level phylogenetic analysis of the Spathelia-Ptaeroxylon clade based on five plastid DNA regions (rbcL, atpB, trnL-trnF, rps16 and psbA-trnH) was conducted using Bayesian, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Leaf and seed anatomical characters of all genera were (re) investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Key Results With the exception of Spathelia, all genera of the Spathelila-Ptaeroxylon clade are monophyletic. The typical leaf and seed anatomical characters of Rutaceae were found. Further, the presence of oil cells in the leaves provides a possible synapomorphy for the clade. Conclusions The Spathelia-Ptaeroxylon clade is well placed in Rutaceae and it is reasonable to unite the genera into one subfamily (Spathelioideae). We propose a new tribal classification of Spathelioideae. A narrow circumscription of Spathelia is established to make the genus monophyletic, and Sohnreyia is resurrected to accommodate the South American species of Spathelia. The most recent common ancestor of Spathelioideae probably had leaves with secretory cavities and oil cells, haplostemonous flowers with appendaged staminal filaments, and a tracheidal tegmen.
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- Fox, Adam T., et al.
(författare)
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A specific synbiotic-containing amino acid-based formula in dietary management of cow's milk allergy : a randomized controlled trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Allergy. - : BioMed Central. - 2045-7022. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Here we report follow-up data from a double-blind, randomized, controlled multicenter trial, which investigated fecal microbiota changes with a new amino acid-based formula (AAF) including synbiotics in infants with non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow’s milk allergy (CMA).Methods: Subjects were randomized to receive test product (AAF including fructo-oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V) or control product (AAF) for 8 weeks, after which infants could continue study product until 26 weeks. Fecal percentages of bifidobacteria and Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoidesgroup (ER/CC) were assessed at 0, 8, 12, and 26 weeks. Additional endpoints included stool markers of gut immune status, clinical symptoms, and safety assessments including adverse events and medication use.Results: The trial included 35 test subjects, 36 controls, and 51 in the healthy reference group. Study product was continued by 86% and 92% of test and control subjects between week 8–12, and by 71% and 80%, respectively until week 26. At week 26 median percentages of bifidobacteria were significantly higher in test than control [47.0% vs. 11.8% (p < 0.001)], whereas percentages of ER/CC were significantly lower [(13.7% vs. 23.6% (p = 0.003)]. Safety parameters were similar between groups. Interestingly use of dermatological medication and reported ear infections were lower in test versus control, p = 0.019 and 0.011, respectively. Baseline clinical symptoms and stool markers were mild (but persistent) and low, respectively. Symptoms reduced towards lowest score in both groups.Conclusion: Beneficial effects of this AAF including specific synbiotics on microbiota composition were observed over 26 weeks, and shown suitable for dietary management of infants with non-IgE-mediated CMA.
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| 16. |
- Sanchez-Del Pino, I., et al.
(författare)
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Floral development in Gomphrenoideae (Amaranthaceae) with a focus on androecial tube and appendages
- 2019
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Ingår i: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4074 .- 1095-8339. ; 190:3, s. 315-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gomphrenoid group of Amaranthaceae ('Gomphrenoideae') comprises the alternantheroid, iresinoid and gomphrenoid subclades. Using scanning electron and light microscopy, we studied flowers of seven genera representing all three subclades with a focus on the androecial tube, which is present in all Gomphrenoideae, and on which the stamens are inserted. Two kinds of appendages, either on the androecial tube or on the filaments, are observed in most Gomphrenoideae. The main aim of this paper is to determine the nature of these appendages. In the alternantheroid and iresinoid subclades, appendages on the androecial tube often occur, originating from primordia on its rim. In the gomphrenoid subclade, similar appendages on the androecial tube only occur in Pseudoplantago, but several genera have appendages originating from the bases of the filaments; they are therefore called appendages on the filaments. The two kinds of appendages are mutually exclusive. We consider them to be non-homologous, de novo organs, constituting different characters, each with a set of character states. The floral ontogeny of the taxa studied concurs with earlier findings in Amaranthaceae. An early dome-shaped receptacle was observed in Gomphrenoideae and in Amaranthus (Amaranthoideae). A central ovule primordium develops independently from an annular ovary wall but later is transiently attached to it, suggesting that this (ontogenetically) acarpellate ovary evolved from an ovary with a carpellary organization. Anatomical evidence for a perigynous hypanthium in Guilleminea is given for the first time. In Gomphrenoideae, flowers are usually bisexual, but functionally male flowers occur in Iresine. Our results show that in Amaranthus floral sexuality is more flexible than generally accepted.
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| 17. |
- Tosh, J., et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary history of the Afro-Madagascan Ixora species (Rubiaceae) : species diversification and distribution of key morphological traits inferred from dated molecular phylogenetic trees
- 2013
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Ingår i: Annals of Botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-7364 .- 1095-8290. ; 112:9, s. 1723-1742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous work on the pantropical genus Ixora has revealed an Afro-Madagascan clade, but as yet no study has focused in detail on the evolutionary history and morphological trends in this group. Here the evolutionary history of Afro-Madagascan Ixora spp. (a clade of approx. 80 taxa) is investigated and the phylogenetic trees compared with several key morphological traits in taxa occurring in Madagascar. Phylogenetic relationships of Afro-Madagascan Ixora are assessed using sequence data from four plastid regions (petD, rps16, rpoB-trnC and trnL-trnF) and nuclear ribosomal external transcribed spacer (ETS) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. The phylogenetic distribution of key morphological characters is assessed. Bayesian inference (implemented in BEAST) is used to estimate the temporal origin of Ixora based on fossil evidence. Two separate lineages of Madagascan taxa are recovered, one of which is nested in a group of East African taxa. Divergence in Ixora is estimated to have commenced during the mid Miocene, with extensive cladogenesis occurring in the Afro-Madagascan clade during the Pliocene onwards. Both lineages of Madagascan Ixora exhibit morphological innovations that are rare throughout the rest of the genus, including a trend towards pauciflorous inflorescences and a trend towards extreme corolla tube length, suggesting that the same ecological and selective pressures are acting upon taxa from both Madagascan lineages. Novel ecological opportunities resulting from climate-induced habitat fragmentation and corolla tube length diversification are likely to have facilitated species radiation on Madagascar.
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