| 1. |
- Carlsson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Pilots and ground officers investigated by process tests of creativity, extraversion, and stress control
- 2008
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Ingår i: Process and Personality. Actualization of the personal world with process-oriented methods. - 9783938793893 ; , s. 201-220
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In an exploratory investigation of personality patterns, Swedish air force pilots (n = 22) and ground officers (n = 14) were tested with the Creative Functioning Test, the Serial Color Word test, and the Spiral After-Effect Technique. The participants also answered open questions about their work and about creativity related items. Achievement ratings were made by their superior officers. An initial discriminant analysis separated the groups to 83.3 %. Next, cluster analyses were conducted on the test results, resulting in three pilot clusters and three ground officer clusters. The pilot clusters were interpreted as forming meaningful groups, in agreement with previous research. Thereafter the clusters were compared with the results on the open questions. The significant answering categories gave face validity support to the clusters. It was concluded that it is important to investigate personality patterns, as measured by process tests, and, in future research, to make comparisons with biological markers as well as questionnaires.
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| 2. |
- Hentschel, U, et al.
(författare)
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Defense mechanisms: Current approaches to research and measurement
- 2004
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Ingår i: Defense mechanisms: Theoretical, Research, and Clinical Perspectives. - 9780444512635 - 0444512632 ; , s. 3-41
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter highlights the general theme of the book, including definitions of defense mechanisms within various theoretical frames of reference. After a period of exclusion from mainstream clinical psychology the concept of defense has now returned to center stage.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Smith, Gudmund, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Process and personality. Actualization of the personal world with process-oriented methods. - 9783938793893 - 3938793899 ; , s. 1-5
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Smith, Gudmund, et al.
(författare)
-
Pereptgenetic identification of defense
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Defense mechanisms: Theoretical, Research, and Clinical Perspectives. - 0444512632 - 9780444512635 ; , s. 129-147
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapter presents the Defence Mechanism Test (DMT), the Meta-Contrast Technique (MCT) and new innovations within the same family of percept-genetic methods.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
-
Aging
- 2011
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Creativity (2nd Ed). - 9780123750396 ; 1, s. 29-32
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research on creativity and aging is described and discussed from different angles, foremost in the psychodynamic and neuropsychological domains. The overall picture is that of a shift from an earlier static or declination model to a more optimistic view of the future role for creativity in the elderly.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
-
Mature and immature defenses. A study of repressors and trait anxiety groups
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Process and Personality. Actualization of the personal world with process-oriented methods. - 9783938793893 ; , s. 127-142
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To investigate defense mechanisms, repressors (n= 14), highly anxious (n = 37) and low anxious (n = 7) groups were tested with the Meta Contrast Technique (Smith, Johnson, Almgren & Johanson, 2001). The division into repressors and anxiety groups was made on a larger group (N = 140), which was also investigated with respect to experienced access to preconscious processes, here operationalized as memory for dreams. Results: The repressors got higher scores on immature defense mechanisms than the highly or low anxious groups (p = .04 versus p < .05). The repressors as well as the highly anxious group were higher on a measure of overall defense than the low anxious group (p < .05 in both comparisons). Regarding the separate defense categories, a significant difference was found for repression, which was more frequent in the highly anxious than in the low anxious group (p = .003). Memory for dreams differed only in the men. The male repressors scored significantly lower on dream memory than the highly anxious men (p < .02). The immature defensive structure in the repressors was discussed in terms of regressive reactions, speculatively due to a lack of symbolic functioning concerning anxiety-arousing areas, i.e. alexithymia.
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| 10. |
-
Defense mechanisms: Theoretical, Research, and Clinical Perspectives
- 2004
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contains 27 chapters on defense mechanisms with authors from 10 countries, 6 of them from Lund. The coverage is comprehensive including theories of psychological defense, methods to describe defense empirically, studies of defense in various clinical groups, etc. The book can be used, in its entirety or in parts, as a text for students in clinical psychology.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hoff, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Personality
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Handbook of organizational creativity. - 9780123747143 ; , s. 241-270
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
- Hoff, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Vision forming and brain storming. Different aspects of creativity captured by a percept-genetic measurement and traditional measurements of creativity
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Process and personality. Actualization of the personal world with process-oriented methods. - 9783938793893 ; , s. 221-239
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The relationship between a percept-genetic measurement of creativity and other tests of creativity was investigated. The participants were elementary school children. The relation between self-image and three different creativity measures was also studied. A creative fluency test, a questionnaire about creative activities and a percept-genetic creativity test were used. A self-image inventory measured skills, physical self, psychological health and relationship to others. The results showed that the creativity measures were, to some extent, significantly related, except the cognitive flexibility dimension of the percept-genetic test. One possible explanation was that the percept-genetic test measured another aspect of creativity. This was illustrated in a cluster analysis in relation to self-image. There were no self-image differences between children with high and low creativity in any of the three measurements. Few gender differences were found.
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| 14. |
- Johanson, Aki, et al.
(författare)
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Brain function in spider phobia
- 1998
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 84:2-3, s. 101-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were performed in 16 women suffering from spider phobia. The non-invasive 133Xe inhalation method, giving information about the blood flow of superficial areas, was used. The subjects were studied under three conditions: during resting, when exposed to a videotape showing nature scenery, and finally when watching a video with living spiders. During the rCBF measurements the subjects' behaviour was registered systematically and respiration, blood pressure, Pco2, and heart rate were monitored. Eight subjects who showed and reported severe panic during the spider exposure had marked rCBF decreases in frontal areas, especially in the right hemisphere. The remaining eight subjects displayed a more efficient control of their emotions and became frightened, but not panic-stricken, during the spider exposure. These showed a consistent rCBF increase in the right frontal area compared to neutral stimulation. Thus, results revealed significant functional changes in the frontal cortex in subjects with spider phobia during phobogenic exposure. It seems likely that these frontal changes are related to the experience and control of phobic anxiety.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Johnsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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The troubled self in women with severe eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa). A study using interviews, self-reports, and percept-genetic methods.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 55:5, s. 9-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifteen anorectic (A) and 13 bulimic (B) patients aged 20-49 years, all seriously ill, and 21 controls were studied, using a half-structured interview, the Tennessee Self Concept Scale, the tachistoscopic Identity Test (IT), and two other percept-genetic tests. The differences between A and B were not particularly pronounced, A patients being on the whole more sensitive and self-directed, and B patients more depressive and object-directed. The IT differentiated between patients and controls very powerfully with regard to alexithymia. A type of response in that test, emphasizing the eyes, was seen as a search for guidance. Descriptions of mother were generally negative.
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| 17. |
- Lilja, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological profile in patients with Stages I and II breast cancer: associations of psychological profile with tumor biological prognosticators.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941. ; 92:3 Pt 2, s. 1187-1198
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have earlier shown that breast cancer patients with moderately or well differentiated tumors seem to be able to inhibit stress evoked from anger in a successful manner, while those with poorer prognosis do not. We now report a study with an enlarged group of patients, investigating associations between tumor biological factors and psychological profile. 129 patients with Stages I and II breast cancer undergoing adjuvant radiation therapy were interviewed and tested with three projective personality tests assessing attitude to aggression and coping with stress and anxiety. Creative functioning was also tested. Patients with Stage I (smaller) tumors reported a "fighting spirit" attitude toward the disease, but they also showed depressive reaction patterns. Moreover, if the patient could successfully avoid or inhibit the stress evoked from perceiving an aggressive motif in the picture shown in the aggression test, the tumor biological situation was better. Patients who did not inhibit stress reactions on the aggression test and also on the anxiety test had a poorer tumor biological situation. Surprisingly, low speed of tumor cell proliferation (DNA S-phase fraction) correlated with high scores on the creativity test. Successful denial or inhibition of stress evoked by aggression combined with a creative, flexible attitude was associated with a better tumor biological situation.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Rydén, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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In Defense of Obesity
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Defense mechanisms: Theoretical, research, and clinical perspectives (Advances in psychology; 136). - 0166-4115. - 0444512632 ; , s. 557-579
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous research suggests that an inclination to eat in response to unlabeled anxiety and a strong dependence on environmental stimuli are more common in overweight individuals than in normal-weight controls. In particular, individuals who habitually use food and eating in order to alleviate painful feelings have to face these feelings when dieting, unless they can be neutralised by psychological defences. In a series of studies we investigated 1) psychological features in obese patients before and after surgical or dietary treatment and, 2) psychological correlates of differential weight loss after treatment. We expected that certain psychological features—immature psychological defence, depression, anxiety and impulsivity/—would be more common among obese than among normal-weight individuals and tend to be linked with treatment failure. Since the obese individual with immature or ineffective defences cannot readily neutralise painful feelings which he/she is liable to experience during food deprivation, s/he is left dependent on somatic or behavioural reac¬tions, or is prone to experience depressive affects as a protection against anxiety. Hence, success or failure after treatment for obesity should be predictable on the basis of the maturity of the individual’s defences
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| 20. |
- Smith, Gudmund, et al.
(författare)
-
A Vademecum for experimental process research
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Perception Reconsidered - The Process Point of View. - 9780820476841 - 9783631535462 ; , s. 129-137
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Book synopsis: The collection of papers of this book discuss Whitehead's bold theory of perception from different angles. According to the major perspectives the book is divided into two major parts: the philosophical and the psychological perspective. The four philosophical papers focus on: the relation between Whitehead's theory of perception and his account of the phases of concrescence, the nature of causal explanations in Whitehead's theory of perception, a comparative study on Kitaro Nishida's philosophy of pure experience and Whitehead's philosophy of perception, and a contrasting account of Whitehead's theory of perception with that of Deleuze. In the five papers of part II of the book («the psychological perspective»), some basic guidelines for conducting process-oriented psychological experiments on perceptgenesis are given. Then Whitehead's tri-modal theory of perception in the light of microgenetic research results is discussed. A comparison of Whitehead's position of the construction of solid objects with Piaget's account of the constructive development of the 'object permanent' in the young child follows. In the fourth paper James Gibson's early position on perception is compared with Whitehead's account. Finally it is shown that Whitehead's theory of perception may provide a mode of access to nonordinary experiences and an explanation for the emergence of nonordinary states of consciousness.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Smith, Gudmund, et al.
(författare)
-
Creativity and breast cancer
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Creativity Research Journal. - 1040-0419. ; 14:2, s. 157-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study performed in a group of 59 premenopausal women. For the majority it could be shown that creativity, as measured by the Creative Functioning Test, correlated with a favorable prognosis. It was concluded that suppression of aggression could be a negative factor in the development of cancer growth. In a small group with comedo carcinoma these relations were reversed. Test results suggested that these patients could not handle their aggression in a constructive manner.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Smith, Gudmund
(författare)
-
Det finns inga enkla svar
- 2011
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The essays collected in the present publication deal with personality psychology viewed in a process perspective, termed perceptgenesis from the vantage point of perception and microgenesis when neuroscience is involved. The perceptgenetic approach was tried in Lund already in the middle of the 20th century. One fruitful field of application was clinical diagnostics defence mechanisms being a major target; another was onativity, with test subjects from childhood upwards. A number of instruments constructed to map perceptgeneses are described in the text together with the theoretical frame supporting them, in particular an attempt to describe the creative personality. The context of international researchers within which this work progressed is described, together with the obstacles erected in our way by local notabilities. International favourites in both century psychology are briefly described as are contemporary partners, not least in the field of neuroscience microgenesis.
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| 25. |
- Smith, Gudmund, et al.
(författare)
-
Dialog hösten 2009
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Kreativitet och mognad : festskrift tillägnad Professor Gudmund Smith på 90-årsdagen den 29 januari 2010. - 9789197871808 ; , s. 151-158
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Smith, Gudmund
(författare)
-
How should creativity be defined?
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Creativity Research Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-0419. ; 17:2-3, s. 293-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 28. |
- Smith, Gudmund
(författare)
-
Imagery in a process perspective
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Mental Imagery. - 0364-5541. ; 27:3/4, s. 241-245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since many of the data offered in his text, and many of his conclusions, give the indication of agreeing with what is more or less loosely termed process psychology, I would like to try my own hand at drawing a theoretical sketch of how images can be conceptualized within a theory of perception. The sketch agrees basically with what Quill, inspired by Whitehead, takes to be the requirements of a truly psycholgical theory: that the universe is ”understood in terms of individually percipient events occurring over space-time”.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Smith, Gudmund
(författare)
-
MCT – vad är det?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Psykologtidningen. - 0280-9702. ; :9, s. 19-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
- Smith, Gudmund
(författare)
-
Nalkas psykologin människan från fel håll?
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Does psychology approach personality from the wrong direction? The present text argues that conventional personality psychology, spproaching its object of study from "above", i.e., mapping out the individual´s consciously held attitudes and view of him-/herself, has chosen the wrong path to a tenable science of personality. The alternative would be to scrutinize the processes by which the perceiver construes his/her outside world, starting at the level where emotins reign supreme and subject and object are not yet celarly differentiated. Constructurs of teh classical projective tests preferred an analoguous strategy. By means of process methodology the built-in weaknesses of these methods can be neutralized. Even if present-day cognitive psychology is no longer pseudo-behavioristic, the present author doubts that its change of mind is genuine.
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| 32. |
- Smith, Gudmund, et al.
(författare)
-
Serieller Farb-Wort Test
- 2002
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The German version of a manual that presently exists also in Swedish, English, and Italian.
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| 33. |
- Smith, Gudmund
(författare)
-
Simplistic approaches to complex psychic phenomena
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Nordisk Psykologi: Teori, Forskning, Praksis. - 0029-1463. ; 57:3, s. 203-208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychology's subject-matter is, admittedly, complicated and difficult to handle. Over the years psychologists have tried various approaches to make their endeavours more plain and manageable. One attempt at simplification is to deny the subjective side of psychic reality and exclusively focus behavioral facts. Another way is reduction of psychic events to somatic counterparts. And a third alternative implies concentration on surface manifestations to the detriment of in-depth penetration. The article attempts to show that the depth-to-surface contradictions represented in all of these simplifictions can most easily be subsumed under a process approach to the study of psychology where the subjective starting-point of process represents depth and its outcome, the objective surface.
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| 34. |
- Smith, Gudmund, et al.
(författare)
-
Subjective prerequisites for the construction of an objective world
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Consciousness and emotion. Agency, conscious choice, and selective perception. (Consciousness & emotion book series ;1 ). - 9027232288 - 1588115968 ; , s. 3-21
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Starting with the assumption that perception is not merely a reaction to outside stimulation but a process of creation, although mostly brief and inaccessible to conscious retrieval, the present paper attempts to determine the prerequisites of a stable and secure accout of reality. The authors’ leading hypothesis is that a dependable end product of adaptive and constructive processes is contingent on open communication with its subjective/emotional origins. A number of experiments offer empirical support for such an assumption. These experiments also address problems associated with creative functioning, anxiety, and defensive strategies. The general conclusion of this survey is that how we conceive of the outside world is determined, not only by the terminal stages of adaptive and constructive processes but by the entire course of these events, including its subjective/emotional origins.
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| 35. |
- Smith, Gudmund
(författare)
-
The Creative Personality in Search of a Theory
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Creativity Research Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-0419 .- 1532-6934. ; 20:4, s. 383-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of creativity needs a theory of personality as its backbone. Several alternatives are reviewed. Psychoanalysis is deemed unserviceable because of its lack of an integrated theory of perception. A useful theory of personality should be process-oriented and avoid substance concepts like traits. It may still borrow a number of fruitful constructs from its predecessors. One such, often debated, construct is regression (reconstruction). Adaptive versus nonadaptive defenses, also originally borrowed from psychoanalysis, are helpful for understanding why creative inclinations may be either furthered or hindered. Even the implications of measurement are explored and alternatives to present batteries suggested.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Smith, Gudmund, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of unconscious processes in the evolvement of creativity
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Beyond knowledge: Extracognitive aspects of developing high ability. - 0805839917 ; , s. 27-37
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapter is based on the assumption that processes outside awareness play a prominent role in the evolvement of creative ideas. The assumption is elucidated within the frame of percept-genetic theory implying that our perceptual world is constructed by processes from within our subjective self. The reasoning is supported by empirical data.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Smith, Gudmund
(författare)
-
Unraveling process in the laboratory
- 2006
-
Ingår i: A.N.Whitehead International conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focuses on processes brought about in laboratory settings, either processes implying adaptation to strange or contradictory stimulation. or microprocesses underlying the construction o funfamiliar aspects of the outside world. These methods hae been utilized to an increasing extent, in personality and clinical psychology, as efficient diagnostic tools.
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| 41. |
- Smith, Gudmund
(författare)
-
Vad menas med personlighet?
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Nordisk Psykologi: Teori, Forskning, Praksis. - 0029-1463. ; 55, s. 23-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of personality is scrutinized as used both in common parlance and in more sophisticated frames of reference. Current multidimensional models are criticized for their reliance on self-descriptive questionnaires and for their lack of a hierarchical dimension, differentiating more or less decisive determinants of behavior. A possible psychoanalytic model is viewed with more benevolence but rejected in the end because of associationistic remnants still dominating its meta-theory. Instead a superordinate morel of personality is offered, based on process as its central ingredient.
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| 42. |
- Smith, Gudmund
(författare)
-
What does "personality" mean?
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Nordisk Psykologi: Teori, Forskning, Praksis. - 0029-1463. ; 55:1, s. 23-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of personality is scrutinized as used both in common parlance and in more sophisticated frames of reference. Current multidimensional models are criticized for their reliance on self-descriptive questionnaires and for their lack of a hierarchical dimension, differentiating more or less decisive determinants of behavior. A possible psychoanalytic model is viewed with more benevolence but rejected in the end because of associationistic remnants still dominating its meta-theory. instead a superordinate model of personality is offered, based on process as its central ingredient.
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| 43. |
- Tideman, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Longitudinal follow-up of preterm children: the mother-and child relationship at 9 and 19 years of age
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 20:1, s. 43-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this longitudinal prospective study, 2 groups of children, 39 preterms and 23 fullterms, were followed up regarding the mother-child relationship at 9 and 19 years of age. Information was obtained from both the children and their mothers. A self-report scale was utilized for the assessment of the conscious attachment model, and percept-genetic tests displaying pictorial mother-child themes were utilized as a method of evaluating the uncon¬scious attachment model. A questionnaire was used to measure the degree of expressed emotion in the mother-child relationship. Percept-genetic tests show that at 9 years of age, the preterm children and their mothers differed significantly from the full-terms in their reports of the mother-child theme, and that at age 19, the preterms differed significantly from the full-terms in their perceptions of the attachment and separation themes. A greater degree of expressed emotion was found among the preterm mother-child dyads. The results indicate that preterm children may harbor emotional vulnerability regarding attachment and separation as young adults.
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| 44. |
- Öjehagen, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Defense mechanisms in alcoholics attending outpatient treatment. : Results from the MCT-test (Meta-Contrast Technique)
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 34:3, s. 8-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defensive strategies were studied in 72 alcoholics participating in outpatient treatment by using, before the treatment started, the Meta-Contrast Technique, MCT, a percept-genetic method. Alcoholics had less often adaptive strategies than controls. A lack of adaptive defense strategies was related to a more impaired psychic status, more psychological benefits from drinking, and more psychiatric symptoms but not to severity of alcoholism or results of psychometric tests (intellectual level, field-dependence, spatial performance). It does not seem inconceivable that the MCT could be used as a diagnostic tool in treatment planning.
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