1. |
- Robertson, Josefina, et al.
(författare)
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[The virtual ward - the students' clinical education during the current pandemic]. : Verksamhetsförlagd utbildning på distans under pandemin.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Lakartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On March 17, 2020, the Swedish Government recommended all higher education institutions to move to online and distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The integrated course in Infection, Microbiology, and Immunity at the Programme in Medicine at University of Gothenburg had to be completely transformed. Creative solutions have now replaced the clinical training that normally takes place during the students' clinical education at the hospital. We developed a digital concept entitled "the virtual ward", in which we interact with the students in real time. Here, the students are able to follow their patients on a daily basis during teacher-guided sessions.
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2. |
- Snygg-Martin, Ulrika, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrovascular complications in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis are common: a prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging and neurochemical brain damage markers.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591. ; 47:1, s. 23-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. @nbsp; Cerebrovascular complications (CVCs) have remained a major therapeutic and prognostic challenge associated with infective endocarditis, and definite risk factors have not been fully elucidated. This prospective study was designed to the evaluate the total incidence of CVC associated with infective endocarditis and major risk factors. Methods. @nbsp; During 2 study periods, from June 1998 through April 2001 and from September 2002 through January 2005, patients were prospectively enrolled in the study regardless of neurological symptoms. Study patients underwent neurological examinations and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, and cerebrospinal fluid analyses of inflammatory and neurochemical markers of brain damage (neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein) were performed. Results. @nbsp; Sixty patients who experienced episodes of left-sided infective endocarditis were evaluated; 35% of these patients experienced a symptomatic CVC. Silent cerebral complications were detected in another 30% of the patients, and the total CVC rate was 65% (95% confidence interval, 58%-72%). Five percent of patients experienced their first neurological symptom after the initiation of antibiotic treatment without prior surgery. No new symptomatic CVCs were detected after 10 days of antibiotic treatment. No neurological deterioration was observed after surgery in patients who were established to have a symptomatic CVC preoperatively. A larger heart valvular vegetation size was a risk factor for both symptomatic and silent CVCs; Staphylococcus aureus etiology conferred a higher risk for symptomatic cerebral complication only. Conclusions. @nbsp; The use of sensitive methods of detection indicates that the incidence of CVC associated with infective endocarditis is high, but the risk for neurological deterioration during cardiac surgery after a CVC is lower than previously assumed. The major mechanism behind cerebral complications associated with infective endocarditis is cerebral embolization, although the dominant neurological symptoms vary considerably.
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3. |
- Bjurman, Christian, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Cystatin C in a composite risk score for mortality in patients with infective endocarditis: a cohort study
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 2:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To develop a multimarker prognostic score for infective endocarditis (IE). DESIGN: Retrospective case-control. SETTING: Secondary care. Single centre. PARTICIPANTS: 125 patients with definite IE. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: 90-day and 5-year mortality. RESULTS: Mean age was 62.7+/-17 years. The 90-day and 5-year mortality was 10.4% and 33.6%, respectively. CysC levels at admission and over 20% increases in CysC levels during 2 weeks of treatment were prognostic for 90-day and 5-year mortality independent of creatinine estimated glomerular filtration rate. In multivariate analyses, CysC (OR 5.42, 95% CI 1.90 to 15.5, p=0.002) and age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10, p=0.002) remained prognostic for 5-year mortality. NT-proBNP, TnT, C reactive protein and interleukin 6 were also linked to prognosis. A composite risk scoring system using levels of CysC, NT-proBNP, age and presence of mitral valve insufficiency was able to separate a high-risk and a low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: CysC levels at admission and increase in CysC after 2 weeks of treatment were independent prognostic markers for both 90-day and 5-year mortality in patients with IE. A multimarker composite risk scoring system including CysC identified a high-risk group.
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4. |
- Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C., et al.
(författare)
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European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections-endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID), and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 41:21, s. 2012-2032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices are potentially lifesaving treatments for a number of cardiac conditions but are not without risk. Most concerning is the risk of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection, which is associated with significant morbidity, increased hospitalizations, reduced survival, and increased health care costs. Recommended preventive strategies such as administration of intravenous antibiotics before implantation are well-recognized. Uncertainties have remained about the role of various preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures such as skin antiseptics, pocket antibiotic solutions, antibacterial envelopes, prolonged antibiotics post-implantation, and others. When compared with previous guidelines or consensus statements, the present consensus document gives guidance on the use of novel device alternatives, novel oral anticoagulants, antibacterial envelopes, prolonged antibiotics post-implantation, as well as definitions on minimum quality requirements for centres and operators and volumes. The recognition that an international consensus document focused on management of CIED infections is lacking, the dissemination of results from new important randomized trials focusing on prevention of CIED infections, and observed divergences in managing device-related infections as found in an European Heart Rhythm Association worldwide survey, provided a strong incentive for a Novel 2019 International State-of-the-art Consensus document on risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CIED infections.
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5. |
- Blomström-Lundqvist, Carina, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections : endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 22:4, s. 515-516ag
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices are potentially life-saving treatments for a number of cardiac conditions, but are not without risk. Most concerning is the risk of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection, which is associated with significant morbidity, increased hospitalizations, reduced survival, and increased healthcare costs. Recommended preventive strategies such as administration of intravenous antibiotics before implantation are well recognized. Uncertainties have remained about the role of various preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures such as skin antiseptics, pocket antibiotic solutions, anti-bacterial envelopes, prolonged antibiotics post-implantation, and others. Guidance on whether to use novel device alternatives expected to be less prone to infections and novel oral anticoagulants is also limited, as are definitions on minimum quality requirements for centres and operators and volumes. Moreover, an international consensus document on management of CIED infections is lacking. The recognition of these issues, the dissemination of results from important randomized trials focusing on prevention of CIED infections, and observed divergences in managing device-related infections as found in an European Heart Rhythm Association worldwide survey, provided a strong incentive for a 2019 International State-of-the-art Consensus document on risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CIED infections.
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6. |
- Blomström-Lundqvist, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections-endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). : European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections.
- 2020
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Ingår i: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-734X. ; 57:1, s. 1-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices are potentially life-saving treatments for a number of cardiac conditions, but are not without risk. Most concerning is the risk of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection, which is associated with significant morbidity, increased hospitalizations, reduced survival, and increased healthcare costs. Recommended preventive strategies such as administration of intravenous antibiotics before implantation are well recognized. Uncertainties have remained about the role of various preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures such as skin antiseptics, pocket antibiotic solutions, anti-bacterial envelopes, prolonged antibiotics post-implantation, and others. Guidance on whether to use novel device alternatives expected to be less prone to infections and novel oral anticoagulants is also limited, as are definitions on minimum quality requirements for centres and operators and volumes. Moreover, an international consensus document on management of CIED infections is lacking. The recognition of these issues, the dissemination of results from important randomized trials focusing on prevention of CIED infections, and observed divergences in managing device-related infections as found in an European Heart Rhythm Association worldwide survey, provided a strong incentive for a 2019 International State-of-the-art Consensus document on risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CIED infections.
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7. |
- Fagman, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis
- 2016
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1569-5794 .- 1573-0743. ; 32:4, s. 679-686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have shown promising results using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in the diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). However, previous studies did not include negative controls. The aim of this study was to compare 18F-FDG-uptake around prosthetic aortic valves in patients with and without PVE and to determine the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of PVE. 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations in patients with a prosthetic aortic valve performed 2008–2014 were retrieved. Eight patients with a final diagnosis of definite PVE were included in the analysis of the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT. Examinations performed on suspicion of malignancy in patients without PVE (n = 19) were used as negative controls. Visual and semi-quantitative analysis was performed. Maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in the valve area was measured and SUVratio was calculated by dividing valve SUVmax by SUVmax in the descending aorta. The sensitivity was 75 %, specificity 84 %, positive likelihood ratio [LR(+)] 4.8 and negative likelihood ratio [LR(-)] 0.3 on visual analysis. Both SUVmax and SUVratio were significantly higher in PVE patients [5.8 (IQR 3.5–6.5) and 2.4 (IQR 1.7–3.0)] compared to non-PVE patients [3.2 (IQR 2.8–3.8) and 1.5 (IQR 1.3–1.6)] (p<0.001). ROC-curve analysis of SUVratio yielded an area under the curve of 0.90 (95 % CI 0.74–1.0). 18F-FDG-uptake around non-infected aortic prosthetic valves was low. The level of 18F-FDG-uptake in the prosthetic valve area showed a good diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of PVE.
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8. |
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9. |
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10. |
- Hidalgo, N. F., et al.
(författare)
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Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infective Endocarditis: Characteristics and Outcomes From a Large, Multinational Cohort
- 2020
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Ingår i: Open Forum Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2328-8957. ; 7:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) are an uncommon cause of infective endocarditis (IE). The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients with BHS IE in a large multinational cohort and compare them with patients with viridans streptococcal IE. Methods. The International Collaboration on Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS) is a large multinational database that recruited patients with IE prospectively using a standardized data set. Sixty-four sites in 28 countries reported patients prospectively using a standard case report form developed by ICE collaborators. Results. Among 1336 definite cases of streptococcal IE, 823 were caused by VGS and 147 by BHS. Patients with BHS IE had a lower prevalence of native valve (P < .005) and congenital heart disease predisposition (P = .002), but higher prevalence of implantable cardiac device predisposition (P < .005). Clinically, they were more likely to present acutely (P < .005) and with fever (P = .024). BHS IE was more likely to be complicated by stroke and other systemic emboli (P < .005). The overall in-hospital mortality of BHS IE was significantly higher than that of VGS IE (P = .001). In univariate analysis, variables associated with in-hospital mortality for BHS IE were age (odds ratio [OR], 1.044; P = .004), prosthetic valve IE (OR, 3.029; P = .022), congestive heart failure (OR, 2.513; P = .034), and stroke (OR, 3.198; P = .009). Conclusions. BHS IE is characterized by an acute presentation and higher rate of stroke, systemic emboli, and in-hospital mortality than VGS IE. Implantable cardiac devices as a predisposing factor were more often found in BHS IE compared with VGS IE.
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11. |
- Lalani, Tahaniyat, et al.
(författare)
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Propionibacterium endocarditis: a case series from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database and Prospective Cohort Study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 39:10, s. 840-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Propionibacterium species are occasionally associated with serious systemic infections such as infective endocarditis. In this study, we examined the clinical features, complications and outcome of 15 patients with Propionibacterium endocarditis using the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database (ICE-MD) and Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS), and compared the results to 28 cases previously reported in the literature. In the ICE database, 11 of 15 patients were male with a mean age of 52 y. Prosthetic valve endocarditis occurred in 13 of 15 cases and 3 patients had a history of congenital heart disease. Clinical findings included valvular vegetations (9 patients), cardiac abscesses (3 patients), congestive heart failure (2 patients), and central nervous system emboli (2 patients). Most patients were treated with beta-lactam antibiotics alone or in combination for 4 to 6 weeks. 10 of the 15 patients underwent valve replacement surgery and 2 patients died. Similar findings were noted on review of the literature. The results of this paper suggest that risk factors for Propionibacterium endocarditis include male gender, presence of prosthetic valves and congenital heart disease. The clinical course is characterized by complications such as valvular dehiscence, cardiac abscesses and congestive heart failure. Treatment may require a combination of medical and surgical therapy.
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12. |
- Rasmussen, Rasmus V, et al.
(författare)
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Major cerebral events in Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis: is anticoagulant therapy safe?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cardiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9751 .- 0008-6312. ; 114:4, s. 284-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of anticoagulation on major cerebral events in patients with left-sided Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (IE). METHODS: A prospective cohort study; the use of anticoagulation and the relation to major cerebral events was evaluated separately at onset of admission and during hospitalization. RESULTS: Overall, 70 out of 175 patients (40%; 95% CI: 33-47%) experienced major cerebral events during the course of the disease, cerebral ischaemic stroke occured in 59 patients (34%; 95% CI: 27-41%), cerebral infection in 23 patients (14%; 95% CI: 9-19%), and cerebral haemorrhage in 5 patients (3%; 95% CI: 0.5-6%). Patients receiving anticoagulation were less likely to have experienced a major cerebral event at the time of admission (15%) compared with those without anticoagulation (37%, p = 0.009; adjusted OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.075-0.96; p = 0.04). In-hospital mortality was 23% (95% CI: 17-29%), and there was no significant difference between those with or without anticoagulation. CONCLUSIONS: We found no increased risk of cerebral haemorrhage in S. aureus IE patients receiving anticoagulation. Anticoagulation was associated with a reduced risk of cerebral events before initiation of antibiotics. Data support the continuance of anticoagulation in S. aureus IE patients when indicated.
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13. |
- Rasmussen, Rasmus V, et al.
(författare)
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One-year mortality in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 41:6-7, s. 456-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate in-hospital mortality and 12-month mortality in patients with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) compared to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infective endocarditis (IE). We used a prospective cohort study of 66 consecutive CoNS and 170 S. aureus IE patients, collected at 2 tertiary university hospitals in Copenhagen (Denmark) and at 1 tertiary university hospital in Gothenburg (Sweden). Median (range) C-reactive protein at admission was higher in patients with S. aureus IE (150 mg/l (1-521) vs 94 mg/l (6-303); p<0.001), which may suggest a more serous infection. CoNS was associated with prosthetic valve IE (49% vs 24%; p<0.001) and median diagnostic delay was longer in CoNS IE patients (20 d (0-232) vs 9 d (0-132); p<0.001). In-hospital mortality was equally high in both groups but 25% of the CoNS IE patients had died after 1 y compared to 39% of patients with S. aureus IE (p =0.05). In conclusion, CoNS IE was associated with a long diagnostic delay and high in-hospital mortality, whereas post-discharge prognosis was better in this group of patients compared to patients with IE due to S. aureus.
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14. |
- Snygg-Martin, Ulrika, 1965
(författare)
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Cerebral complications in infective endocarditis
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening disease. Cerebral embolization complicates the course in 10-40% of IE episodes. Aims of study were to investigate the frequency of cerebrovascular complications (CVC) in left-sided IE and the influence of protective and risk factors with focus on antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy. CVC rate was examined by repeated magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and by assaying levels of brain damage markers in cerebrospinal fluid in 60 IE patients in paper I. The overall CVC frequency was 65%, with 35% of the patients experiencing neurological symptoms and 30% characterized as having clinically silent CVC. The risk of neurological deterioration during cardiac surgery after established cerebral embolism was low. In paper II the relationship between symptomatic CVC and established use of antiplatelet therapy was evaluated in 684 definite left-sided IE episodes. Antiplatelet agents were used by 23% of the patients. These patients were older and more often had a history of congestive heart failure. In 25% of all episodes a CVC was seen. There was no statistically significant difference in CVC rate between patients with and without previously established antiplatelet therapy (24% vs. 25%, n.s.). Twelve-month mortality was significantly higher for patients on previously established antiplatelet therapy in the univariable analysis (34% vs. 24%, OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4), but after adjustment for covariables the use of antiplatelet therapy was no longer a risk factor. The association between ongoing warfarin therapy and CVC incidence in native valve endocarditis (NVE) was analyzed in paper III. Out of 587 NVE episodes 8% were seen in patients using warfarin on admission. Patients on warfarin suffered from CVC significantly less frequently than patients not on warfarin (6% vs. 26%, 0.2 95% CI 0.06-0.6). In a multivariable model S.aureus etiology (adjusted OR [aOR] 6.3, 95% CI 3.8-10.4) and vegetation length (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07) were associated with higher CVC frequency. Warfarin use (aOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07-0.94), history of congestive heart failure (aOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.1-0.52) and previous IE episode (aOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.01-0.79) conferred a lower risk of CVC. Cerebral hemorrhagic complications were few.
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17. |
- Snygg-Martin, Ulrika, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Cumulative Incidence of Infective Endocarditis in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: A Nationwide, Case-Control Study Over Nine Decades
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591. ; 73:8, s. 1469-1475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a lifelong predisposing condition for infective endocarditis (IE). As a consequence of advances in pediatric care, the number of adults with CHD is now exceeding the number of children. The goal of the present study was to determine the cumulative incidence of IE in patients with CHD and detect temporal changes compared with controls. METHODS: Nationwide registry-based case-control study of patients with CHD born 1930-2017 matched with 10 random controls. Infective endocarditis episodes were linked using the Swedish 10-digit personal identification number. RESULTS: In total, 89 541 patients with CHD and 890 470 matched controls were included. In patients with CHD, 1477 IE episodes were registered and 447 episodes in controls. Patients with CHD had 8.5% cumulative incidence of IE at age 87 years, compared with 0.7% in matched controls. Incidence rate of IE per 100 000 person-years was 65.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 62.2-68.9) and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.7-2.0) in CHD patients and controls, respectively. By age 18 years, patients with CHD had an IE incidence similar to that of 81-year-old controls. Incidence of IE differed by age but not by birth year. Bacterial etiology was registered from 1997 in half of the IE episodes; among CHD IE cases, 43.3% were caused by streptococci and 29.8% by Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS: Infective endocarditis remains an important complication in patients with CHD. Incidence correlate with age and the number of IE episodes are expected to increase as the CHD population grow older.
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18. |
- Snygg-Martin, Ulrika, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Does extraction of cardiac implantable electronic devices improve outcome in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Infectious diseases (London, England). - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4243 .- 2374-4235. ; 52:12, s. 877-882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) is recognized as an infection that is difficult to treat and with high risk of device related infection. Extraction/explantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) is recommended in SAB patients but studies evaluating long-term prognosis are scarce.In this retrospective cohort study, 626 consecutive SAB patients were identified in routine diagnostics (November 2014-October 2016). Patient characteristic, infective endocarditis (IE) incidence and mortality were compared for patients with and without CIED.SAB patients with CIED (n=33) compared to non-CIED patients (n=593) were older (83 versus 70years, p=.0001), had a higher 30-day mortality (12/33, 36% versus 119/593, 20%, p=.044) and higher incidence of IE (9/33, 27% versus 41/593, 7%, p=.0006). One-year mortality was 19/33 (58%) among the SAB CIED patients. Echocardiography was performed in all nine patients with CIED-IE but only in 14/24 (58%) of the 24 SAB CIED patients that were considered not having IE. However, if patients with very early mortality were excluded, echocardiography was performed in 14/17 (82%) of SAB CIED-non-IE patients. CIED extraction/explantation during intravenous antibiotic treatment was only performed in three patients with SAB CIED-IE and in one non-IE patient. One year post treatment initiation, 14 out of 33 SAB CIED patients were alive of whom only one had CIED extraction/explantation performed as part of treatment.Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in CIED patients is associated with poor prognosis but in a subgroup of patients survival beyond one year was seen despite retainment of the electronic device.
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20. |
- Snygg-Martin, Ulrika, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Warfarin therapy and incidence of cerebrovascular complications in left-sided native valve endocarditis.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-4373. ; 30:2, s. 151-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anticoagulant therapy has been anticipated to increase the risk of cerebrovascular complications (CVC) in native valve endocarditis (NVE). This study investigates the relationship between ongoing oral anticoagulant therapy and the incidence of symptomatic CVC in left-sided NVE. In a prospective cohort study, the CVC incidence was compared between NVE patients with and without ongoing warfarin. Among 587 NVE episodes, 48 (8%) occurred in patients on warfarin. A symptomatic CVC was seen in 144 (25%) patients, with only three on warfarin. CVC were significantly less frequent in patients on warfarin (6% vs. 26%, odds ratio [OR] 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06-0.6, p=0.006). No increase in haemorrhagic lesions was detected in patients on warfarin. Staphylococcus aureus aetiology (adjusted OR [aOR] 6.3, 95% CI 3.8-10.4) and vegetation length (aOR 1.04, 96% CI 1.01-1.07) were risk factors for CVC, while warfarin on admission (aOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07-0.94), history of congestive heart failure (adjusted OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.1-0.52) and previous endocarditis (aOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.01-0.79) correlated with lower CVC frequency.
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21. |
- Traykov, Vassil, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical practice and implementation of guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and management of cardiac implantable electronic device infections : results of a worldwide survey under the auspices of the European Heart Rhythm Association
- 2019
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Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press. - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 21:8, s. 1270-1279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection rates are increasing. Worldwide compliance and disparities to published guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and management of these conditions are not well elucidated. The purpose of this survey, therefore, was to clarify these issues through an inquiry to arrhythmia-related associations and societies worldwide.METHODS AND RESULTS: A questionnaire comprising 15 questions related to CIED infections was distributed among members of seven arrhythmia societies worldwide. A total of 234 centres in 62 countries reported implantation rates of which 159 (68.0%) performed more than 200 device implantations per year and 14 (6.0%) performed fewer than 50 implantations per year. The reported rates of CIED infections for 2017 were ≤2% in 78.7% of the centres, while the infection rates exceeded 5% in 7.8% of the centres. Preventive measures for CIED infection differed from published recommendations and varied among different regions mainly in terms of pocket irrigation and administering post-operative antimicrobial therapy the use of which was reported by 39.9% and 44% of the respondents, respectively. Antibacterial envelopes were used by 37.7% of the respondents in selected circumstances. In terms of pocket infection management, 62% of the respondents applied complete system removal as an initial step. Diagnostic pocket needle aspiration and pocket surgical debridement were reported by 15.8% and 11.8% of centres, respectively.CONCLUSION: Clinical practices for prevention and management of CIED do not fully comply with current recommendations and demonstrate considerable regional disparities. Further education and programmes for improved implementation of guidelines are mandatory.
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22. |
- Westling, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 39:11-12, s. 929-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) by consensus of experts are based on clinical experience and reports from the literature. Recommendations are evidence based. For diagnosis 3 blood cultures should be drawn; chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography preferably transoesophageal should be carried out. Blood cultures should be kept for 5 d and precede intravenous antibiotic therapy. In patients with native valves and suspicion of staphylococcal aetiology, cloxacillin and gentamicin should be given as empirical treatment. If non-staphylococcal etiology is most probable, penicillin G and gentamicin treatment should be started. In patients with prosthetic valves treatment with vancomycin, gentamicin and rifampicin is recommended. Patients with blood culture negative IE are recommended penicillin G (changed to cefuroxime in treatment failure) and gentamicin for native valve IE and vancomycin, gentamicin and rifampicin for prosthetic valve IE, respectively. Isolates of viridans group streptococci and enterococci should be subtyped and MIC should be determined for penicillin G and aminoglycosides. Antibiotic treatment should be chosen according to sensitivity pattern given 2-6 weeks intravenously. Cardiac valve surgery should be considered early, especially in patients with left-sided IE and/or prosthetic heart valves. Absolute indications for surgery are severe heart failure, paravalvular abscess, lack of response to antibiotic therapy, unstable prosthesis and multiple embolies. Follow-up echocardiography should be performed on clinical indications.
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