| 1. |
- Lawoko, S, et al.
(författare)
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Distress and hopelessness among parents of children with congenital heartdisease, parents of children with other diseases and parents of healthy children
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 52:4, s. 193-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We examined differences in distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and somatisation) and hopelessness (e.g., suicide ideation) among parents of congenital heart disease (CHD) children (PCCHD, n=1092), parents of children with other diseases (PCOD, n=112), and parents of healthy children (PHC, n=293). In addition, we determined the proportion of parents in each group whose scores in distress and hopelessness, respectively, exceeded norms for psychiatric outpatients (POPN) and depressed people, and identified determinants of distress and hopelessness among all parents, and the PCCHD. Method: The parents completed a questionnaire about such areas as distress and hopelessness. The design was cross-sectional and data were collected during 20 consecutive days. Results: PCCHD were generally at higher risk of distress and hopelessness. A significant number of parents, in particular PCCHD, reported levels of distress and hopelessness within/above POPN and depressed people, respectively. Mothers within all parent groups had higher levels of distress and hopelessness than fathers, with the highest levels among mothers of children with CHD compared to mothers in the other groups. Fathers of children with CHD were doing worse than fathers belonging to the other groups. There were no differences between PCOD and PHC. Variables such as employment status and financial situation explained more of the variation in distress and hopelessness among parents than the diseases of their children. Conclusion: We corroborated previous findings and provide new insights into the experiences of PCCHD that may be of importance when considering intervention. Further research concerning the parents, in particular PCCHD, at risk of developing psychosocial problems is needed.
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| 2. |
- Lawoko, S, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial morbidity among parents of children with congenital heart disease: A prospective longitudinal study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Heart & Lung. - 0147-9563 .- 1527-3288. ; 35:5, s. 301-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study objectives were to assess long-term psychosocial morbidity and its determinants among parents of children with congenital heart disease (PCCHD), and to compare mothers with fathers on psychosocial variables.MethodThe study design was longitudinal. Data comprising PCCHD (n = 632, 58% were women) were collected on two occasions 1 year apart.ResultsMany PCCHD reported psychosocial problems manifested in depression (18%), anxiety (16%-18%), somatization (31%-38%), and hopelessness (16%) during both measurement points. In addition, 7% to 22% reported psychosocial problems persisting over a 1-year period. Consistently over time, mothers reported more severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatization, and hopelessness than fathers. Children’s clinical severity did not significantly explain parent’s psychosocial morbidity over time. Instead, parental caregiving burden, dissatisfaction with care, social isolation, and financial instability were associated with an increased risk of long-standing psychosocial morbidity.ConclusionsAn important proportion of PCCHD are at risk of long-standing psychosocial morbidity, suggesting that psychosocial intervention may be beneficial. Feasible interventions are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Lawoko, S, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life among parents of children with congenital heart disease, parents of children with other diseases and parents of healthy children
- 2003
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 12:6, s. 655-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compared quality of life among parents of children with congenital heart disease (PCCHD, n = 1092), parents of children with other diseases (PCOD, n = 112) and parents of healthy children (PHC, n = 293). We also identified determinants of quality of life among the parents. The parents completed a questionnaire about such areas as quality of life and financial situation. The design was cross-sectional and data were collected during 20 consecutive days. The univariate analyses showed that PCCHD tended to report lower quality of life than PHC. Mothers reported lower quality of life than fathers, with the lowest levels among mothers of children with CHD. The multivariate analyses revealed however that variables such as distress, hopelessness and financial situation were more important in explaining the reduced quality of life than parental gender and the presence/severity of the children's heart diseases. We corroborated previous findings and may have provided new insights into the quality of life experiences of parents of children with CHD that may be important when considering interventions to improve their situation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lawoko, S, et al.
(författare)
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Violence towards psychiatric staff: A comparison of gender, job and environmentalcharacteristics in England and Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Work & Stress. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0267-8373 .- 1464-5335. ; 18:1, s. 39-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Workplace violence is receiving increasing attention world-wide, and studies suggest that, for example, nurses and women may be more abused at work than psychiatrists and men. However, there is a lack of cross-cultural data on the topic. Further, relatively few studies have addressed the influence of environmental factors in the occurrence of violence and within a cross-cultural context. The present study compares among other things the nature of violence encountered by female/male staff (nurses and psychiatrists) in Sweden and England. Psychiatric personnel from England (301 nurses; 74 psychiatrists) and Sweden (745 nurses; 306 psychiatrists) were assessed cross-sectionally by means of a questionnaire covering various areas (e.g. nature of violence). The univariate analyses showed an association between being abused and male gender, young age, being British and a nurse, physical and psychological strain. The multivariate logistic regression confirmed that British nurses and male nurses were the main risk group for exposure to violence. Further, the multivariate analysis indicated that the odds of being abused increased with increasing age, physical strain and dissatisfaction with quality of care. Interventions thus need to be sensitive to gender differences, societal context, professional roles and interactions between them. Further, clinical supervision and team functioning, organizational and environmentally friendly settings may help to reduce violence in mental health care.
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| 7. |
- Macassa, Gloria, et al.
(författare)
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Violence against women in Stockholm County : Does marital status matter?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research. - : Emerald. - 1759-6599. ; 5:2, s. 101-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in victimization among single and married mothers using data (n=6,388 women) from the 2006 Stockholm County Public Health Survey (SCPHS), a cross-sectional survey based on a self-administered postal questionnaire. Design/methodology/approach: Results showed higher odds of victimization among lone mothers compared to married ones. Additionally, the greatest odds of victimization were observed among those with low education, low income, and decreased social and practical support. Findings: In Sweden, particularly in Stockholm, there is a need for future population-based surveys regarding the prevalence of violence and to identify high risk groups. Furthermore, it is crucial that these surveys include items that will enable investigation of direct links between violence and health effects, and the utilization of health care for these women. Originality/value: This paper is original and it addresses for the first time violence among single mothers within a social epidemiology perspective.
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| 8. |
- Soares, Joaquim JF, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial experiences of foreign and native patients with/without pain
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 11:1, s. 36-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychosocial experiences of foreign/native primary care patients with/without pain were examined. The study comprised 328 foreign patients and 794 native patients who completed various scales (e.g. burnout). The design was cross-sectional and data were collected over 15 consecutive days at 20 randomly selected primary care centres. Pain patients were faring worse than pain-free patients concerning demographics/finances, depression, burnout and job demands/control/strain. Foreign pain patients had the worst situation of all patients. Foreign background was a risk factor for depression and burnout. Foreign pain patients also had a more severe clinical situation (e.g. disability) than native pain patients and being a foreign pain patient was associated with a higher risk of disability/the diagnosis of multiple pain. However, foreign background was not a pain risk factor. Female gender was a risk factor for pain and for complex/constant pain/disability. Variables such as sick leave were also important. The authors confirmed previous research and may have provided new insights into the experiences of foreign/native primary care patients with/without pain. However, further research appears necessary, not the least concerning the role of burnout as an antecedent to pain and the role of ethnicity.
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| 9. |
- Soares, Joaquim JF, et al.
(författare)
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The stress of musculoskeletal pain: : a comparison between primary care patients in various ages.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 56:3, s. 297-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To analyse differences in demographic/financial/pain/health variables, disability, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ; i.e., depression symptoms) and coping among 949 primary care pain patients in various ages (20-65+ years) and to identify predictors of disability and coping. METHOD: Patients completed scales about various areas (e.g., coping). The design was cross-sectional and data were collected during 15 consecutive days at 20 randomly selected primary care centres in Stockholm. RESULTS: Univariate analyses showed that older patients (a) were more often divorced, blue-collar workers, less educated and had greater difficulties with living expenses, (b) had pain of longer duration, more frequently and of more complexity, and felt more disabled, (c) consumed more painkillers, analgesics, sedatives and other medications, had received more pain treatments and had more health problems and (d) more often used passive coping for pain. Younger patients (a) had more severe pain, were financially strained and were more often unemployed and (b) more often used active coping for pain. There were no significant differences concerning GHQ scores. Multivariate regression analyses showed that active coping was associated with younger age. High disability and passive coping were associated with older age. CONCLUSION: We corroborated previous findings and may provide new insights into the experiences of older and younger pain patients. Further research concerning, for example, the elderly at risk of developing pain problems is needed.
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| 10. |
- Stankuniene, Aurima, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of self-reported underuse of medications due to cost for the elderly: results from seven European urban communities
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 15, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported underuse of medications due toprocurement costs amongst older persons from seven European urban communities.Methods: The data were collected in a cross-sectional study (“ABUEL, Elder abuse: A multinational prevalencesurvey”) in 2009. Randomly selected people aged 60–84 years (n = 4,467) from seven urban communities: Stuttgart(Germany), Athens (Greece), Ancona (Italy), Kaunas (Lithuania), Porto (Portugal), Granada (Spain) and Stockholm(Sweden) were interviewed. Response rate - 45.2 %. Ethical permission was received in each country.Results: The results indicate that 3.6 % (n = 162) of the respondents self-reported refraining from buying prescribedmedications due to cost. The highest prevalence of this problem was identified in Lithuania (15.7 %, n = 99) and Portugal(4.3 %, n = 28). Other countries reported lower percentages of refraining from buying medications (Germany – 2.0 %,Italy – 1.6 %, Sweden – 1.0 %, Greece – 0.6 %, Spain – 0.3 %). Females refrained more often from buying medicationsthan males (2.6 % vs. 4.4 %, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of this refraining tended to increase with economic hardship.Discussion: These differences between countries can be only partly described by the financing of health-care systems.In spite of the presence of cost reimbursement mechanisms, patients need to make co-payments (or in some cases topay the full price) for prescribed medications. This indicates that the purchasing power of people in 10.1186/s12913-015-1089-4 the particular country can play a major role and be related with the economic situation in the country. Lithuania,which has reported the highest refrain rates, had the lowest gross domestic product (at the time of conducting thisstudy) of all participating countries in the study.Conclusions: Refraining from buying the prescribed medications due to cost is a problem for women and men inrespect to ageing people in Europe. Prevalence varies by country, sex, and economic hardship.Keywords: Ageing, Accessibility, Medications, Europe, ABUEL
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| 11. |
- Zacarias, Antonio Eugenio, et al.
(författare)
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Intimate partner violence against women in Maputo city, Mozambique
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC International Health and Human Rights. - 1472-698X. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThere is limited research about IPV against women and associated factors in Sub-Saharan Africa, not least Mozambique. The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence, severity, chronicity and "predictors" of IPV against women in Maputo City (Mozambique).MethodsData were collected during a 12 month-period (consecutive cases, with each woman seen only once) from 1,442 women aged 15--49 years old seeking help for abuse by an intimate partner at the Forensic Services at the Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo City, Mozambique. Interviews were conducted by trained female interviewers, and data collected included demographics and lifestyle variables, violence (using the previously validated Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), and control (using the Controlling Behaviour Scale Revised (CBS-R). The data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate methods.ResultsThe overall experienced IPV during the past 12 months across severity (one or more types, minor and severe) was 70.2% (chronicity, 85.8 +/- 120.9).a Severe IPV varied between 26.3-45.9% and chronicity between 3.1 +/- 9.1-12.8 +/- 26.9, depending on IPV type. Severity and chronicity figures were higher in psychological aggression than in the other IPV types. Further, 26.8% (chronicity, 55.3 +/- 117.6) of women experienced all IPV types across severity. The experience of other composite IPV types across severity (4 combinations of 3 types of IPV) varied between 27.1-42.6% and chronicity between 35.7 +/- 80.3-64.9 +/- 110.9, depending on the type of combination. The combination psychological aggression, physical assault and sexual coercion had the highest figures compared with the other combinations.. The multiple regressions showed that controlling behaviours, own perpetration and co-occurring victimization were more important in "explaining" the experience of IPV than other variables (e.g. abuse as a child).ConclusionsIn our study, controlling behaviours over/by partner, own perpetration, co-occurring victimization and childhood abuse were more important factors in "explaining" sustained IPV. More investigation into women's IPV exposure and its "predictors" is warranted in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Mozambique.
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