| 1. |
- Charlton, D. G., et al.
(författare)
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System tests of radiation hard optical links for the ATLAS semiconductor tracker
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 443:03-feb, s. 430-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A prototype optical data and Timing Trigger and Control transmission system based on LEDs and PIN-diodes has been constructed. The system would be suitable in terms of radiation hardness and radiation length for use in the ATLAS SemiConductor Tracker. Bit error rate measurements were performed for the data links and for the links distributing the Timing, Trigger and Control data from the counting room to the front-end modules. The effects of cross-talk between the emitters and receivers were investigated. The advantages of using Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) instead of LEDs are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Akhmadaliev, S., et al.
(författare)
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Hadron energy reconstruction for the ATLAS calorimetry in the framework of the non-parametrical method
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 480:03-feb, s. 508-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses hadron energy reconstruction for the ATLAS barrel prototype combined calorimeter (consisting of a lead-liquid argon electromagnetic part and an iron-scintillator hadronic part) in the framework of the non-parametrical method. The non-parametrical method utilizes only the known e/h ratios and the electron calibration constants and does not require the determination of any parameters by a minimization technique. Thus, this technique lends itself to an easy use in a first level trigger. The reconstructed mean values of the hadron energies are within +/-1% of the true values and the fractional energy resolution is [(58+/-3)%/rootE+(2.5+/-0.3)%]circle plus(1.7+/-0.2)/E. The value of the e/h ratio obtained for the electromagnetic compartment of the combined calorimeter is 1.74+/-0.04 and agrees with the prediction that e/h > 1.66 for this electromagnetic calorimeter. Results of a study of the longitudinal hadronic shower development are also presented. The data have been taken in the H8 beam line of the CERN SPS using pions of energies from 10 to 300 GeV.
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| 6. |
- Andrieux, M. L., et al.
(författare)
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Construction and test of the first two sectors of the ATLAS barrel liquid argon presampler
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 479:03-feb, s. 316-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electromagnetic (e.m.) calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment for the Large Hadron Collider will be a sampling liquid argon accordion calorimeter. To achieve sufficient energy resolution, it is necessary to correct for the energy loss in the material upstream of the calorimeter. For this purpose, a separate presampler detector fixed on the inner face of the e.m. calorimeter, in the same cryostat, is being built by the ATLAS collaboration. Two presampler sectors have already been built and tested in their final version. The geometry of the detector and the various steps of its construction are reviewed. The hardware performance of the detector measured both at CERN and at the ISN-Grenoble (specific test bench) is discussed. It is concluded that the presampler will adequately fulfill its role for future operation at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.
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| 8. |
- Cline, JM, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of hormonally active agents in the reproductive tract of female nonhuman primates
- 2001
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Ingår i: Toxicologic pathology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0192-6233 .- 1533-1601. ; 29:1, s. 84-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the ovariectomized macaque model of postmenopausal women's health, we investigated the effects of long-term treatments (5 weeks—3 years) with estradiol, conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), esterified estrogens, progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and nomegestrol acetate, CEE + MPA, tamoxifen, soybean phytoestrogens (SPEs), a variety of putative selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), and androgens. Agents tested were selected on the basis of beneficial effects on arteries and/ or bone. Doses were scaled on a caloric or serum-concentration basis to approximate human clinical doses. We evaluated endometrial and mammary gland histopathology and morphometry and used immunohistochemistry to evaluate cell proliferation and expression of estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor (PR). Both estradiol and CEE induced endometrial hyperplasia. MPA antagonized epithelial proliferation induced by CEE in endometrium and induced pseudodecidual stromal hyperplasia in some animals. Tamoxifen induced endometrial polyps, cystic hyperplasia, stromal fi brosis, and PR expression but not Ki-67 expression. SPEs were not estrogenic at dietary doses and antagonized estrogen-induced proliferation in the endometrium and breast. Nandrolone induced mucometra and an adenomyosis-like change. The potential SERM 17 alpha dihydroequilenin did not have uterotrophic or mammotrophic effects. In general, experimental findings in macaques have been predictive of outcomes in human clinical trials of the same agents.
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| 21. |
- Lalitkumar, PGL, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Estradiol/Micronized Progesterone vs. Conjugated Equine Estrogens/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Breast Cancer Gene Expression in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of molecular sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 24:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies suggest estradiol (E2)/natural progesterone (P) confers less breast cancer risk compared with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE)/synthetic progestogens. We investigate if differences in the regulation of breast cancer-related gene expression could provide some explanation. This study is a subset of a monocentric, 2-way, open observer-blinded, phase 4 randomized controlled trial on healthy postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms (ClinicalTrials.gov; EUCTR-2005/001016-51). Study medication was two 28-day cycles of sequential hormone treatment with oral 0.625 mg CEE and 5 mg of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or 1.5 mg E2 as percutaneous gel/day with the addition of 200 mg oral micronized P. MPA and P were added days 15–28/cycle. Material from two core-needle breast biopsies in 15 women in each group was subject to quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). The primary endpoint was a change in breast carcinoma development gene expression. In the first eight consecutive women, RNA was extracted at baseline and after two months of treatment and subjected to microarray for 28856 genes and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) to identify risk factor genes. Microarray analysis showed 3272 genes regulated with a fold-change of >±1.4. IPA showed 225 genes belonging to mammary-tumor development function: 198 for CEE/MPA vs. 34 for E2/P. Sixteen genes involved in mammary tumor inclination were subject to Q-PCR, inclining the CEE/MPA group towards an increased risk for breast carcinoma compared to the E2/P group at a very high significance level (p = 3.1 × 10−8, z-score 1.94). The combination of E2/P affected breast cancer-related genes much less than CEE/MPA.
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| 22. |
- Landgren, O, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective study on antibody response to repeated vaccinations with pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide in splenectomized individuals with special reference to Hodgkin's lymphoma
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 255:6, s. 664-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Splenectomy is accompanied by a life-long risk of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI), mainly caused by polysaccharide (PS) encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Despite extensive prophylactic efforts the mortality and morbidity rates remain high. The present study was based on a strategy with a predefined vaccination algorithm including repeated 23-valent pneumococcal vaccinations and monitoring of pneumococcal antibody levels. The antibody levels of splenectomized Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients were compared with those patients splenectomized due to immune-mediated cytopenias [autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)] and also individuals who were splenectomized because of trauma (TRAUMA). Methods. A total of 311 splenectomized individuals were included in this prospective study (208 HL; 15 AIHA; 60 ITP; 28 TRAUMA). Depending on their individual anti-PS antibody levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique the patients were revaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal PS vaccine up to four times in accordance with the predefined algorithm. For each vaccination occasion, serum was collected at vaccination, after 1 month +/- 2 weeks (peak), and after 1 year +/- 6 months (follow-up). Patient files, a national population-based database, and microbiological databases were checked for 124 HL patients to identify OPSI. Results. A significant response was recorded on primary vaccination as well as on two revaccination occasions for HL, AIHA/ITP, as well as TRAUMA patients. None of the variables age, gender, or time elapsed between splenectomy and first pneumococcal vaccination was found to be associated with mean PS antibody levels at prevaccination, peak or follow-up. No severe adverse events were reported. Amongst 124 clinically monitored HL patients, 10 OPSI were recorded in seven patients during the study period. One of these patients, a middle-aged female, died as a result of fulminant pneumococcal bacteraemia, which was her third OPSI during a 7-year period. Conclusions. A significant response to pneumococcal PS vaccination was found in all three groups (HL, AIHA/ITP and TRAUMA) of splenectomized patients. Importantly, both primary and repeated vaccinations were safe. Until further knowledge is gained regarding the protective concentration of serotype-specific antibody concentrations we believe that the value of vaccination and frequent revaccination (every 1-5 years) in combination with education of patients and health care professionals and clinical monitoring is beneficial for these patients at risk for OPSI.
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| 24. |
- Lundstrom, E, et al.
(författare)
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Estrone - a partial estradiol antagonist in the normal breast
- 2015
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Ingår i: Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-0766. ; 31:9, s. 747-749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 30. |
- Rosen, Lars, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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SCORE: A novel multi-criteria decision analysis approach to assessing the sustainability of contaminated land remediation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 511, s. 621-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method provides for a comprehensive and transparent basis for performing sustainability assessments. Development of a relevant MCDA-method requires consideration of a number of key issues, e.g. (a) definition of assessment boundaries, (b) definition of performance scales, both temporal and spatial, (c) selection of relevant criteria (indicators) that facilitate a comprehensive sustainability assessment while avoiding double-counting of effects, and (d) handling of uncertainties. Adding to the complexity is the typically wide variety of inputs, including quantifications based on existing data, expert judgements, and opinions expressed in interviews. The SCORE (Sustainable Choice Of REmediation) MCDA-method was developed to provide a transparent assessment of the sustainability of possible remediation alternatives for contaminated sites relative to a reference alternative, considering key criteria in the economic, environmental, and social sustainability domains. The criteria were identified based on literature studies, interviews and focus-group meetings. SCORE combines a linear additive model to rank the alternatives with a non-compensatory approach to identify alternatives regarded as non-sustainable. The key strengths of the SCORE method are as follows: a framework that at its core is designed to be flexible and transparent; the possibility to integrate both quantitative and qualitative estimations on criteria; its ability, unlike other sustainability assessment tools used in industry and academia, to allow for the alteration of boundary conditions where necessary; the inclusion of a full uncertainty analysis of the results, using Monte Carlo simulation; and a structure that allows preferences and opinions of involved stakeholders to be openly integrated into the analysis. A major insight from practical application of SCORE is that its most important contribution may be that it initiates a process where criteria otherwise likely ignored are addressed and openly discussed between stakeholders.
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| 37. |
- van den Burg, S., et al.
(författare)
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Participatory Design of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 8:2, s. Art. no. 127-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European oceans are subject to rapid development. New activities such as aquaculture and ocean energy have gained importance. This triggers interest in “multi-use platforms at sea” (MUPS), i.e., areas at sea in which different activities are combined. MUPS are complex features with regards to technology, governance, and financial, socioeconomic, and environmental aspects. To identify realistic and sustainable solutions and designs for MUPS, the MERMAID project applied a participatory design process (PDP) involving a range of stakeholders representing companies, authorities, researchers, and NGOs. This paper evaluates if and how the participatory design process contributed to the design of multi-use platforms. It is based on interviews with the managers of the case study sites and a questionnaire administered to all stakeholders participating in the PDP workshops. Analyzing the four case studies, we conclude that the participatory design process has had a valuable contribution to the development of the four different designs of MUPS, even though the preconditions for carrying out a participatory design process differed between sites. In all four cases, the process has been beneficial in generating new and shared knowledge. It brought new design issues to the table and increased knowledge and understanding among the different stakeholders.
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| 39. |
- vonSchoultz, B, et al.
(författare)
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Progestins and mammary gland
- 1996
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Ingår i: DRUGS OF TODAY. - 0025-7656. ; 32, s. 39-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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