| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Stuiver, M., et al.
(författare)
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The Governance of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea for Energy Production and Aquaculture: Challenges for Policy Makers in European Seas
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European seas are encountering an upsurge in competing marine activities and infrastructures. Traditional exploitation such as fisheries, tourism, transportation, and oil production are accompanied by new sustainable economic activities such as offshore windfarms, aquaculture, and tidal and wave energy. One proposed solution to overcome possible competing claims at sea lies in combining these economic activities as part of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea (MUPS). MUPS can be understood as areas at sea, designated for a combination of activities, either completely integrated in a platform or in shared marine space. MUPS can potentially benefit from each other in terms of infrastructure, maintenance, etc. Developing MUPS in the marine environment demands adequate governance. In this article, we investigate four European sites to find out how governance arrangements may facilitate or complicate MUPs. In particular, we apply a framework specifying policy, economic, social, technical, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) factors to explore governance arrangements in four case study sites in different sea basins around Europe ( the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea). The article concludes with policy recommendations on a governance regime for facilitating the development of MUPS in the future.
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| 3. |
- Anderson, Robert, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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What's the point? The contribution of a sustainability view in contaminated site remediation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 630, s. 103-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision support tools (DST) are often used in remediation projects to aid in the complex decision on how best to remediate a contaminated site. In recent years, the sustainable remediation concept has brought increased attention to the often-overlooked contradictory effects of site remediation, with a number of sustainability assessment tools now available. The aim of the present study is twofold: (1) to demonstrate how and when different assessment views affect the decision support outcome on remediation alternatives in a DST, and (2) to demonstrate the contribution of a full sustainability assessment. The SCORE tool was used in the analysis; it is based on a holistic multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach, assessing sustainability in three dimensions: environmental, social, and economic. Four assessment scenarios, compared to a full sustainability assessment, were considered to reflect different possible assessment views; considering public and private problem owner perspectives, as well as green and traditional assessment scopes. Four real case study sites in Sweden were analyzed. The results show that the decision support outcome from a full sustainability assessment most often differs to that of other assessment views, and results in remediation alternatives which balance trade-offs in most of the scenarios. In relation to the public perspective and traditional scope, which is seen to lead to the most extensive and expensive remediation alternatives, the trade-off is related to less contaminant removal in favour of reduced negative secondary effects such as emissions and waste disposal. Compared to the private perspective, associated with the lowest cost alternatives, the trade-off is higher costs, but more positive environmental and social effects. Generally, both the green and traditional assessment scopes miss out on relevant social and local environmental secondary effects which may ultimately be very important for the actual decision in a remediation project.
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| 8. |
- Drenning, Paul, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of PFAS soil remediation alternatives at a civilian airport using cost-benefit analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contamination of soil and water systems by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) due to uncontrolled use of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) at firefighting training sites at civilian and military airports is a universal issue and can lead to significant human health and environmental impacts. Remediation of these sites is often complex but necessary to alleviate the PFAS burden and minimise the risks of exposure by eliminating the hotspot/source from which the PFAS spreads. This study presents a probabilistic cost-benefit analysis (CBA) for evaluating PFAS remediation alternatives, which includes monetisation of both direct costs and benefits as well as externalities. The method is applied for a case study to compare five remediation alternatives for managing PFAS contaminated soil at Stockholm Arlanda Airport in Sweden. The social profitability, or the net present value (NPV), of each remediation alternative was calculated in comparison to two reference alternatives – ‘total excavation’ of the site (Alt 0) or ‘do nothing’. Sensitivity analyses and model scenarios were tested to account for uncertainties, including small or large PFAS spreading and simulating different values for the magnitude of annual avoided cost of inaction (i.e., aggregate benefit) from PFAS remediation. In comparison to total excavation, four of the five studied remediation alternatives resulted in a positive mean NPV. Excavation and stabilization/solidification of the hotspot on-site combined with stabilization using activated carbon for the rest of site (Alt 2) had the highest NPV for both spreading scenarios, i.e., Alt 2 was the most socially profitable alternative. Simulations of the annual avoided cost of inaction enabled estimation of the breakeven point at which a remediation alternative becomes socially profitable (NPV > 0) compared to ‘do nothing’. Alt 2 had the lowest breakeven point: 7.5 and 5.75 millions of SEK/year for large and small spreading, respectively.
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| 9. |
- Lundin Frisk, Emrik, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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Improved assessments of subsurface projects: Systematic mapping of geosystem services and a review of their economic values
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Awareness of the subsurface and its multitude of resources is generally low and decisions on access to subsurface resources are often guided by a ‘first come, first served principle’. Although not yet fully developed, the concept of geosystem services has been put forward to make subsurface resources more visible and acknowledged in decision-making. This study (1) illustrates a systematic mapping of effects on geosystem services using a process-oriented perspective in two conceptual case studies; (2) translates the mapped effects into costs and benefits items in a qualitative cost-benefit analysis (CBA) context; and (3) presents a systematic review of economic valuation studies of geosystem services to investigate the available support for a quantitative CBA. The findings suggest that systematic mapping of effects on multiple geosystem services can inform different types of assessment methods and decision-makers on trade-offs and provide a basis for well-informed and responsible decisions on subsurface use. Combining such mapping with a CBA can further strengthen decision support through indications of the net effects on human well-being. However, although economic valuation of non-market geosystem services is possible using established valuation methods, such studies are scarce in scientific literature. Thus, although a CBA can provide a basis for supporting decisions on subsurface use from a consequentialist perspective, full quantification of all effects may require great efforts, and it needs to be complemented with other methods to capture the full range of values the subsurface can provide. This study also highlights that depending on the context, supporting and regulating geosystem services can be either intermediate or final services. Therefore, if geosystem services are to be included in the abiotic extension of CICES, in which supporting services by definition are excluded, reclassification of the supporting geosystem services should be considered not to risk being overlooked in economic valuation and CBA.
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| 10. |
- Lundin Frisk, Emrik, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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The geosystem services concept – What is it and can it support subsurface planning?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0416. ; 58
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subsurface is a multifunctional natural resource. However, a mindset of “out of sight, out of mind” and a first-come-first-served principle are prevalent when accessing these resources, compromising fair intergenerational and intragenerational distribution and sustainable development. As with the ecosystem services (ES) concept, which acknowledges the contribution of the living part of nature to human well-being, the concept of geosystem services (GS) has been suggested as a way to highlight abiotic services and services provided by the subsurface. The overall aim of this study was to review current definitions of GS and their categorisation, and to suggest how the concept of GS can support subsurface planning. A systematic literature review on GS was carried out following the PRISMA protocol drawing from the Scopus database. The emerging picture from the reviewed articles is that the GS concept is both one of novelty and one currently showing inconsistency, with two prominent definitions: A) GS are abiotic services that are the direct result of the planet's geodiversity, independent of the interactions with biotic nature – there is no differentiation between suprasurface and subsurface features, and B) GS provide benefits specifically resulting from the subsurface. Thirty-one out of thirty-nine GS listed in the reviewed literature are included in the abiotic extension of the common ES framework CICES v5.1, but some essential services are omitted. A unified definition of GS is desirable to build a common framework for classifying and describing GS, potentially following the CICES structure for ES. Such a framework can support systematic inclusion of GS in planning processes and contribute to improved subsurface planning. In planning practice, there are examples of important GS that are already included under the ES umbrella because planners are aware of their importance but a comprehensive framework to handle these services is lacking.
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| 11. |
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| 15. |
- Rosen, Lars, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Cirkulär hantering av förorenade massor. Utveckling av metod för ökad återvinning
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Land development, land remediation and infrastructure projects deal with large quantities of contaminated soil masses. Only a small part of the masses is recycled after treatment and a large part is deposited. At the same time, large quantities of new soil and rock materials must be quarried for construction work. An increased recycling of contaminated masses that is environmentally sound and safe from a human health perspective would make an important contribution to the improved resource management that characterizes a circular economy. This would lead to reduced transports, reduced volumes of deposited waste and a more sustainable management of contaminated masses. The project has analyzed various instruments in society with a view to examining the obstacles and opportunities for increased recycling of contaminated soil masses. The socio-economic benefits to society with an increased recovery of contaminated soil masses have been described in general terms. A method has been developed to provide different actors with a tool for classifying the suitability of soil masses for environmentally- and health-safe reuse. Such a method provides greater competitiveness of entrepreneurs with the ability and knowledge to carry out such recycling. The overall conclusion of this work is that there are significant potential socio-economic benefits from an increased recovery of contaminated soil masses. Several possible measures have been identified that could be useful to lead to an increase in the recovery of contaminated soil slabs in society: • Better adaptation of the environmental quality requirements of soil masses to the actual land use of the area where recycled masses can be potentially used • Reduced administration for using recycled masses • Increase the allowed storage time before disposal • Increase the requirements for treatment of masses before disposal • Introduce taxes on masses that are possible to pre-treat before disposal • Introduce landfill tax and increase landfill fees for inert soil masses • Increased on-site treatment (in situ and ex situ) • Introduce more innovative procurement and choice between execution or turnkey contracting • Calculate key figures for the recycling of contaminated soil masses • Develop and apply a standardized and well-founded classification of different the environmental and technological potential of masses for recycling. A proposed method has been developed and described in this study. Recycling of soil masses thus requires consideration of a variety of factors. The focus of the classification methodology developed here is on the environmental and technical characteristics of the soil mass. However, as described above, for the soil mass to be recycled also conditions other than the environmental and technical characteristics of the masses need to be fulfilled. We therefore propose that the classification of soil masses be seen as part of a step-by-step process in which different actors in society must act in order for increased recycling to be possible. We propose that the step-by-step process of circular management of contaminated masses, as well as for other types of waste, should, as far as possible, be based on the so-called “waste hierarchy”. In order to promote an increased degree of recycling, some efforts have been proposed that different actors can implement within the different levels of the waste hierarchy. It has not been possible to carry out a full analysis of opportunities for the various actors, but the proposals should be seen as a basis for a further development.
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| 16. |
- Rosen, Lars, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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SCORE: A novel multi-criteria decision analysis approach to assessing the sustainability of contaminated land remediation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 511, s. 621-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method provides for a comprehensive and transparent basis for performing sustainability assessments. Development of a relevant MCDA-method requires consideration of a number of key issues, e.g. (a) definition of assessment boundaries, (b) definition of performance scales, both temporal and spatial, (c) selection of relevant criteria (indicators) that facilitate a comprehensive sustainability assessment while avoiding double-counting of effects, and (d) handling of uncertainties. Adding to the complexity is the typically wide variety of inputs, including quantifications based on existing data, expert judgements, and opinions expressed in interviews. The SCORE (Sustainable Choice Of REmediation) MCDA-method was developed to provide a transparent assessment of the sustainability of possible remediation alternatives for contaminated sites relative to a reference alternative, considering key criteria in the economic, environmental, and social sustainability domains. The criteria were identified based on literature studies, interviews and focus-group meetings. SCORE combines a linear additive model to rank the alternatives with a non-compensatory approach to identify alternatives regarded as non-sustainable. The key strengths of the SCORE method are as follows: a framework that at its core is designed to be flexible and transparent; the possibility to integrate both quantitative and qualitative estimations on criteria; its ability, unlike other sustainability assessment tools used in industry and academia, to allow for the alteration of boundary conditions where necessary; the inclusion of a full uncertainty analysis of the results, using Monte Carlo simulation; and a structure that allows preferences and opinions of involved stakeholders to be openly integrated into the analysis. A major insight from practical application of SCORE is that its most important contribution may be that it initiates a process where criteria otherwise likely ignored are addressed and openly discussed between stakeholders.
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| 17. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Water supply delivery failures-a scenario-based approach to assess economic losses and risk reduction options
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441 .- 2073-4441. ; 12:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Access to a reliable water supply is central for a well-functioning society. However, water supply systems are subject to a wide range of threats which may affect their ability to provide water to society. This paper presents a novel risk assessment approach that enables thorough analyses of economic losses and associated uncertainties under a range of water supply disruption scenarios. The purpose is to avoid sub-optimization when prioritizing between risk reduction measures, by integrating the full range of possible outcomes from low to high probability events. By combining risk analysis with cost-benefit analysis, additional information is provided on measures for leveraging investments in managing and reducing the risks. This enables the identification of the most economically profitable risk reduction alternatives and enables decision makers to build strategic capacity for operating in difficult and uncertain futures. The presented approach is exemplified on the island of Gotland, one of the most water scarce areas of Sweden.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Soderqvist, AK, et al.
(författare)
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Thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: estimations of increasing demands
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of neurointerventional surgery. - : BMJ. - 1759-8486 .- 1759-8478. ; 9:9, s. 830-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New recommendations for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke suggest that thrombectomy should be considered for eligible patients with a large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation within 6 hours of stroke onset. The resources are unevenly spread and, in order to be able to meet a potentially increased demand, we have estimated the future need for thrombectomy.MethodsThe new treatment recommendations are similar to those that have been in use at the Karolinska University Hospital since 2007. Using our local thrombectomy data (2009–2011), we calculated the proportion of thrombectomies performed at our hospital by level of stroke severity according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (0–5, 6–11, 12–19, and 20–35). We then estimated the total number of potential thrombectomies expected in Sweden by extrapolating our treatment proportions to the rest of Sweden through the use of data from the Swedish National Stroke Registry.ResultsThe number of potential thrombectomies would have been more than five times higher (1268 estimated compared with 232 actually reported in the National Stroke Registry) if the new recommendations for thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke had been implemented in 2013 (the year from which we had the most recent available data from the Swedish Stroke Registry).ConclusionsWhen the new recommendations are implemented broadly, there may be a substantial increase in demand for thrombectomies. Our study highlights the need for policymakers and healthcare professionals to prepare for the increasing demands for advanced endovascular stroke treatment.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Soderqvist, T., et al.
(författare)
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Cost-benefit analysis as a part of sustainability assessment of remediation alternatives for contaminated land
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 157, s. 267-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increasing demand amongst decision-makers and stakeholders for identifying sustainable remediation alternatives at contaminated sites, taking into account that remediation typically results in both positive and negative consequences. Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) is increasingly used for sustainability appraisal, and the Excel-based MCA tool Sustainable Choice Of REmediation (SCORE) has been developed to provide a relevant and transparent assessment of the sustainability of remediation alternatives relative to a reference alternative, considering key criteria in the economic, environmental and social sustainability domains, and taking uncertainty into explicit account through simulation. The focus of this paper is the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) as a part of SCORE for assessing the economic sustainability of remediation alternatives. An economic model is used for deriving a cost-benefit rule, which in turn motivates cost and benefit items in a CBA of remediation alternatives. The empirical part of the paper is a CBA application on remediation alternatives for the Hexion site, a former chemical industry area close to the city of Goteborg in SW Sweden. The impact of uncertainties in and correlations across benefit and cost items on CBA results is illustrated. For the Hexion site, the traditional excavation-and-disposal remediation alternative had the lowest expected net present value, which illustrates the importance of also considering other alternatives before deciding upon how a remediation should be carried out.
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| 24. |
- Troell, M., et al.
(författare)
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Regime shifts and ecosystem services in Swedish coastal soft bottom habitats: when resilience is undesirable
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - Ottawa, Ont. : Ecological Society of America. - 1708-3087. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystems can undergo regime shifts where they suddenly change from one state into another. This can have important implications for formulation of management strategies, if system characteristics develop that are undesirable from a human perspective, and that have a high resistance to restoration efforts. This paper identifies some of the ecological and economic consequences of increased abundance of filamentous algae on shallow soft bottoms along the Swedish west coast. It is suggested that a successive increase in the sediment nutrient pool has undermined the resilience of these shallow systems. After the regime shift has occurred, self-generation properties evolve keeping the system locked in a high-density algae state. The structural and functional characteristics of the new system state differ significantly from the original one, resulting in less valuable ecosystem goods and services generated for society. In Sweden, loss of value results from the reduced capacity for mitigating further coastal eutrophication, reduced habitat quality for commercial fishery species, and the loss of aesthetic and recreational values.
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| 25. |
- van den Burg, S., et al.
(författare)
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Participatory Design of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 8:2, s. Art. no. 127-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European oceans are subject to rapid development. New activities such as aquaculture and ocean energy have gained importance. This triggers interest in “multi-use platforms at sea” (MUPS), i.e., areas at sea in which different activities are combined. MUPS are complex features with regards to technology, governance, and financial, socioeconomic, and environmental aspects. To identify realistic and sustainable solutions and designs for MUPS, the MERMAID project applied a participatory design process (PDP) involving a range of stakeholders representing companies, authorities, researchers, and NGOs. This paper evaluates if and how the participatory design process contributed to the design of multi-use platforms. It is based on interviews with the managers of the case study sites and a questionnaire administered to all stakeholders participating in the PDP workshops. Analyzing the four case studies, we conclude that the participatory design process has had a valuable contribution to the development of the four different designs of MUPS, even though the preconditions for carrying out a participatory design process differed between sites. In all four cases, the process has been beneficial in generating new and shared knowledge. It brought new design issues to the table and increased knowledge and understanding among the different stakeholders.
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| 26. |
- Volchko, Yevheniya, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Incorporating the soil function concept into sustainability appraisal of remediation alternatives
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 129, s. 367-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil functions are critical for ecosystem survival and thus for an ecosystem's provision of services to humans. This is recognized in the proposed EU Soil Framework Directive from 2006, which lists seven important soil functions and services to be considered in a soil management practice. Emerging regulatory requirements demand a holistic view on soil evaluation in remediation projects. This paper presents a multi-scale, structured and transparent approach for incorporating the soil function concept into sustainability appraisal of remediation alternatives using a set of ecological, socio-cultural and economic criteria. The basis for the presented approach is a conceptualization of the linkages between soil functions and ecosystem services connected to with the sustainability paradigm. The approach suggests using (1) soil quality indicators (i.e. physical, chemical and biological soil properties) for exploring the performance of soil functions at the site level, and (2) soil service indicators (i.e. value-related measurements) for evaluating the performance of services resulting from soil functions across all levels of the spatial scale. The suggested approach is demonstrated by application in a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework for sustainability appraisals of remediation alternatives. Further, the possibilities of using soil quality indicators for soil function evaluation are explored by reviewing existing literature on potential negative and positive effects of remediation technologies on the functionality of the treated soil. The suggested approach for including the soil function concept in remediation projects is believed to provide a basis for better informed decisions that will facilitate efficient management of contaminated land and to meet emerging regulatory requirements on soil protection.
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| 27. |
- Volchko, Yevheniya, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Using soil function evaluation in multi-criteria decision analysis for sustainability appraisal of remediation alternatives
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 485-486:1, s. 785-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil contamination is one of the major threats constraining proper functioning of the soil and thus provision of ecosystem services. Remedial actions typically only address the chemical soil quality by reducing total contaminant concentrations to acceptable levels guided by land use. However, emerging regulatory requirements on soil protection demand a holistic view on soil assessment in remediation projects thus accounting for a variety of soil functions. Such a view would require not only that the contamination concentrations are assessed and attended to, but also that other aspects are taking into account, thus addressing also physical and biological as well as other chemical soil quality indicators (SQIs). This study outlines how soil function assessment can be a part of a holistic sustainability appraisal of remediation alternatives using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The paper presents a method for practitioners for evaluating the effects of remediation alternatives on selected ecological soil functions using a suggested minimum data set (MDS) containing physical, biological and chemical SQIs. The measured SQls are transformed into sub-scores by the use of scoring curves, which allows interpretation and the integration of soil quality data into the MCDA framework. The method is demonstrated at a study site (Marieberg, Sweden) and the results give an example of how soil analyses using the suggested MDS can be used for soil function assessment and subsequent input to the MCDA framework.
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