| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Das, A., et al.
(författare)
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Genomic predictors of response to PD-1 inhibition in children with germline DNA replication repair deficiency
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 28:1, s. 125-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancers arising from germline DNA mismatch repair deficiency or polymerase proofreading deficiency (MMRD and PPD) in children harbour the highest mutational and microsatellite insertion–deletion (MS-indel) burden in humans. MMRD and PPD cancers are commonly lethal due to the inherent resistance to chemo-irradiation. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have failed to benefit children in previous studies, we hypothesized that hypermutation caused by MMRD and PPD will improve outcomes following ICI treatment in these patients. Using an international consortium registry study, we report on the ICI treatment of 45 progressive or recurrent tumors from 38 patients. Durable objective responses were observed in most patients, culminating in a 3 year survival of 41.4%. High mutation burden predicted response for ultra-hypermutant cancers (>100 mutations per Mb) enriched for combined MMRD + PPD, while MS-indels predicted response in MMRD tumors with lower mutation burden (10–100 mutations per Mb). Furthermore, both mechanisms were associated with increased immune infiltration even in ‘immunologically cold’ tumors such as gliomas, contributing to the favorable response. Pseudo-progression (flare) was common and was associated with immune activation in the tumor microenvironment and systemically. Furthermore, patients with flare who continued ICI treatment achieved durable responses. This study demonstrates improved survival for patients with tumors not previously known to respond to ICI treatment, including central nervous system and synchronous cancers, and identifies the dual roles of mutation burden and MS-indels in predicting sustained response to immunotherapy. © 2022, The Author(s).
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| 3. |
- Dickstein, D. L., et al.
(författare)
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Brain and blood biomarkers of tauopathy and neuronal injury in humans and rats with neurobehavioral syndromes following blast exposure
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26, s. 5940-5954
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for the later development of neurodegenerative diseases that may have various underlying pathologies. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in particular is associated with repetitive mild TBI (mTBI) and is characterized pathologically by aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). CTE may be suspected when behavior, cognition, and/or memory deteriorate following repetitive mTBI. Exposure to blast overpressure from improvised explosive devices (IEDs) has been implicated as a potential antecedent for CTE amongst Iraq and Afghanistan Warfighters. In this study, we identified biomarker signatures in rats exposed to repetitive low-level blast that develop chronic anxiety-related traits and in human veterans exposed to IED blasts in theater with behavioral, cognitive, and/or memory complaints. Rats exposed to repetitive low-level blasts accumulated abnormal hyperphosphorylated tau in neuronal perikarya and perivascular astroglial processes. Using positron emission tomography (PET) and the [F-18]AV1451 (flortaucipir) tau ligand, we found that five of 10 veterans exhibited excessive retention of [F-18]AV1451 at the white/gray matter junction in frontal, parietal, and temporal brain regions, a typical localization of CTE tauopathy. We also observed elevated levels of neurofilament light (NfL) chain protein in the plasma of veterans displaying excess [F-18]AV1451 retention. These findings suggest an association linking blast injury, tauopathy, and neuronal injury. Further study is required to determine whether clinical, neuroimaging, and/or fluid biomarker signatures can improve the diagnosis of long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae of mTBI.
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| 5. |
- Kermaniha, M., et al.
(författare)
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Systematic optimization of phosphorous diffusion for solar cell application
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0957-4522 .- 1573-482X. ; 27:12, s. 13086-13092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fossil fuel storage is running low and scientists around the globe are involved in a big search for an optimized substitute. Photovoltaic is one of the most likely alternatives to solve this issue and replace the fossil fuels. Among all types of cells, silicon solar cells are the most economical ones to produce affordable energy. In this paper, a systematic study was done on the diffusion of phosphorous in multi-crystalline silicon during solar cell emitter formation. All parameters involved in the conversion of a multi-crystalline p-type silicon to a p-n junction were analyzed quantitatively. This systematic approach predicts the effect of inputs on the outputs which decreases the number of the trail runs. The analysis result indicate, that raising the diffusion temperature from 830 to 880 A degrees C decreases the sheet resistance by -100 Omega/sq, and increasing POCl3 flow from 300 to 500 SCCM has an effect of -21 Omega/sq.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ebrahimi, P., et al.
(författare)
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Systematic Optimization of Boron Diffusion for Solar Cell Emitters
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Electronic Materials. - : Springer. - 0361-5235 .- 1543-186X. ; 46:7, s. 4236-4241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve p-n junctions for n-type solar cells, we have studied BBr3 diffusion in an open tube furnace, varying parameters of the BBr3 diffusion process such as temperature, gas flows, and duration of individual process steps, i.e., predeposition and drive-in. Then, output parameters such as carrier lifetime, sheet resistance, and diffusion profile were measured and statistically analyzed to optimize the emitter characteristics. Statistical analysis (factorial design) was finally employed to systematically explore the effects of the set of input variables on the outputs. The effect of the interactions between inputs was also evaluated for each output, quantified using a two-level factorial method. Temperature and BBr3 flow were found to have the most significant effect on different outputs such as carrier lifetime, junction depth, sheet resistance, and final surface concentration.
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| 8. |
- Kharrazi, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste as a precursor for synthesis of high porous activated carbon and its application for Pb (II) and Cr (VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 180, s. 299-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of Elm tree sawdust pretreatments using alkali and alkaline earth metals (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and Elm tree ash) and deashing solutions (water, HCl, HNO3 and aqua regia) before the carbonization process on the porosity of produced activated carbons and Pb (II) and Cr (VI) adsorption were studied. The activated carbons were characterized by pore size distribution, surface area, FTIR, and SEM-EDX analysies. Based on the results, HCl leaching pretreatment of the biomass increased the activated carbon adsorption capacity of Cr (VI) from 114 to 190 mg g−1. The treatment of biomass with alkali and alkali earth metal salts, especially MgCl2, remarkably increased the activated carbon adsorption capacity of Pb (II) from 233 to 1430 mg g−1. The results indicated that Pb (II) adsorption was attributed to both the mesoporous structure of activated carbon and the abundance of Mg on the activated carbon's surface. On the other hand, the micropores played a major role in Cr (VI) adsorption capacity. The development of the micro- or mesoporous structure of activated carbons through pretreatment of lignocellulosic precursor could be an approach for providing high performance activated carbons for Pb (II) and Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions.
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| 16. |
- Momeni, H. R., et al.
(författare)
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Apoptosis in cultured spinal cord slices of neonatal mouse
- 2008
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Ingår i: Iranian Journal of Science and Technology Transaction A: Science. - 1028-6276. ; 32:A2, s. 109-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organotypic spinal cord slices from neonatal mammals could be a powerful model for evaluation of cell survival but also cell death mechanisms. The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro model for investigating cell survival and mechanism involved in cell death in neonatal spinal cord slices. The spinal cord was sliced and incubated into culture medium. The MTT assay was carried out to assess the viability of the slices and fluorescent staining was used to study morphological features of apoptosis, where as nucleosomal DNA fragmentation was detected using agarose gel electrophoresis. The results of the present study demonstrated that the slices could be maintained in culture up to 14 days. Both neurons and glial cells died by apoptosis and application of a general caspase inhibitor neither affected slice survival nor nucleosomal DNA fragmentation after 24 h in culture. In addition, the inhibitor failed to block apoptosis in neurons and glial cells in the cultured slices. Our results suggest that in the cultured slices, apoptosis is the main reason for neuron and glial cell death, which occurs by a caspase-independent mechanism.
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| 19. |
- Petrovic, S, et al.
(författare)
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SLC26A7: a basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger specific to intercalated cells of the outer medullary collecting duct
- 2004
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Renal physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1931-857X .- 1522-1466. ; 286:1, s. F161-F169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) plays an important role in bicarbonate reabsorption and acid-base regulation. An apical V-type H+-ATPase and a basolateral [Formula: see text] exchanger, located in intercalated cells of OMCD, mediate the bicarbonate reabsorption. Here we report the identification of a new basolateral [Formula: see text] exchanger in OMCD intercalated cells in rat kidney. Northern hybridizations demonstrated the predominant expression of this transporter, also known as SLC26A7, in the outer medulla, with lower expression levels in the inner medulla. SLC26A7 was recognized as a ∼90-kDa band in the outer medulla by immunoblot analysis and was localized on the basolateral membrane of a subset of OMCD cells by immunocytochemical staining. No labeling was detected in the cortex. Double-immunofluorescence labeling with the aquaporin-2 and SLC26A7 antibodies or anion exchanger-1 and SLC26A7 antibodies identified the SLC26A7-expressing cells as α-intercalated cells. Functional studies in oocytes demonstrated that increasing the osmolality of the media (to simulate the physiological milieu in the medulla) increased the [Formula: see text] exchanger activity mediated via SLC26A7 by about threefold ( P < 0.02 vs. normal condition). We propose that SLC26A7 is a basolateral [Formula: see text] exchanger in intercalated cells of the OMCD and may play an important role in bicarbonate reabsorption in medullary collecting duct.
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| 20. |
- Sangchooli, Arshiya, et al.
(författare)
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Parameter Space and Potential for Biomarker Development in 25 Years of fMRI Drug Cue Reactivity
- 2024
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance In the last 25 years, functional magnetic resonance imaging drug cue reactivity (FDCR) studies have characterized some core aspects in the neurobiology of drug addiction. However, no FDCR-derived biomarkers have been approved for treatment development or clinical adoption. Traversing this translational gap requires a systematic assessment of the FDCR literature evidence, its heterogeneity, and an evaluation of possible clinical uses of FDCR-derived biomarkers. Objective To summarize the state of the field of FDCR, assess their potential for biomarker development, and outline a clear process for biomarker qualification to guide future research and validation efforts. Evidence Review The PubMed and Medline databases were searched for every original FDCR investigation published from database inception until December 2022. Collected data covered study design, participant characteristics, FDCR task design, and whether each study provided evidence that might potentially help develop susceptibility, diagnostic, response, prognostic, predictive, or severity biomarkers for 1 or more addictive disorders. Findings There were 415 FDCR studies published between 1998 and 2022. Most focused on nicotine (122 [29.6%]), alcohol (120 [29.2%]), or cocaine (46 [11.1%]), and most used visual cues (354 [85.3%]). Together, these studies recruited 19 311 participants, including 13 812 individuals with past or current substance use disorders. Most studies could potentially support biomarker development, including diagnostic (143 [32.7%]), treatment response (141 [32.3%]), severity (84 [19.2%]), prognostic (30 [6.9%]), predictive (25 [5.7%]), monitoring (12 [2.7%]), and susceptibility (2 [0.5%]) biomarkers. A total of 155 interventional studies used FDCR, mostly to investigate pharmacological (67 [43.2%]) or cognitive/behavioral (51 [32.9%]) interventions; 141 studies used FDCR as a response measure, of which 125 (88.7%) reported significant interventional FDCR alterations; and 25 studies used FDCR as an intervention outcome predictor, with 24 (96%) finding significant associations between FDCR markers and treatment outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance Based on this systematic review and the proposed biomarker development framework, there is a pathway for the development and regulatory qualification of FDCR-based biomarkers of addiction and recovery. Further validation could support the use of FDCR-derived measures, potentially accelerating treatment development and improving diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive clinical judgments.
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| 21. |
- Singh, A K, et al.
(författare)
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CFTR and its key role in in vivo resting and luminal acid-induced duodenal HCO3-secretion
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 193:4, s. 357-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: We investigated the role of the recently discovered, villous-expressed anion exchanger Slc26a6 (PAT1) and the predominantly crypt-expressed cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) in basal and acid-stimulated murine duodenal HCO3− secretion in vivo, and the influence of blood HCO3− concentration on both.Methods: The proximal duodenum of anaesthetized mice was perfused in situ, and HCO3− secretion was determined by back-titration. Duodenal mucosal permeability was assessed by determining 51Cr-EDTA leakage from blood to lumen.Results: Compared with wild type (WT) littermates basal duodenal HCO3− secretory rates were slightly reduced in Slc26-deficient mice at low (∼21 mm), and markedly reduced at high blood HCO3− concentration (∼29 mm). In contrast, basal HCO3− secretion was markedly reduced in CFTR-deficient mice compared with WT littermates both at high and low blood HCO3− concentration. A short-term application of luminal acid increased duodenal HCO3− secretory rate in Slc26a6-deficient and WT mice to the same degree, but had no stimulatory effect in the absence of CFTR. Luminal acidification to pH 2.5 did not alter duodenal permeability.Conclusions: The involvement of Slc26a6 in basal HCO3− secretion in murine duodenum in vivo is critically dependent on the systemic acid/base status, and this transporter is not involved in acid-stimulated HCO3− secretion. The presence of CFTR is essential for basal and acid-induced HCO3− secretion irrespective of acid/base status. This suggests a coupled action of Slc26a6 with CFTR for murine basal duodenal HCO3− secretion, but not acid-stimulated secretion, in vivo.
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| 22. |
- Soleimani, M., et al.
(författare)
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A multiphysics-based artificial neural networks model for atherosclerosis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - 2405-8440. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atherosclerosis is a medical condition involving the hardening and/or thickening of arteries' walls. Mathematical multi-physics models have been developed to predict the development of atherosclerosis under different conditions. However, these models are typically computationally expensive. In this study, we used machine learning techniques, particularly artificial neural networks (ANN), to enhance the computational efficiency of these models. A database of multi-physics Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations was created and used for training and validating an ANN model. The model is capable of quick and accurate prediction of atherosclerosis development. A remarkable computational gain is obtained using the ANN model compared to the original FEM simulations.
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| 23. |
- Esmaeili Kelishomi, A., et al.
(författare)
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Mobile User Indoor-Outdoor Detection Through Physical Daily Activities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; :3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An automatic, fast, and accurate switching method between Global Positioning System and indoor positioning systems is crucial to achieve current user positioning, which is essential information for a variety of services installed on smart devices, e.g., location-based services (LBS), healthcare monitoring components, and seamless indoor/outdoor navigation and localization (SNAL). In this study, we proposed an approach to accurately detect the indoor/outdoor environment according to six different daily activities of users including walk, skip, jog, stay, climbing stairs up and down. We select a number of features for each activity and then apply ensemble learning methods such as Random Forest, and AdaBoost to classify the environment types. Extensive model evaluations and feature analysis indicate that the system can achieve a high detection rate with good adaptation for environment recognition. Empirical evaluation of the proposed method has been verified on the HASC-2016 public dataset, and results show 99% accuracy to detect environment types. The proposed method relies only on the daily life activities data and does not need any external facilities such as the signal cell tower or Wi-Fi access points. This implies the applicability of the proposed method for the upper layer applications.
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| 24. |
- Flores, Wilfredo C., et al.
(författare)
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Energy System Observatory of Honduras
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 536-540
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data management is strategically necessary to make decisions, planning and monitoring within the energy sector. Recently, the Engineering Faculty of the Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana (UNITEC), Honduras launched a tool called the Energy Observatory of Honduras. This tool fills the gap that exists in the access to energy data within the country. This tool provides data from the demand and generation of electricity in a free and easy way. Also, the information relating to the consumption of fossil fuels and firewood as well as the access to real-time data and energy indexes are shown.
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| 25. |
- Kharaziha, Pedram, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement of liver function in liver cirrhosis patients after autologous mesenchymal stem cell injection : a phase I-II clinical trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology. - 0954-691X .- 1473-5687. ; 21:10, s. 1199-1205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: End-stage liver disease is a medical problem with high morbidity and mortality. We have investigated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of using autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a treatment. METHODS: Eight patients (four hepatitis B, one hepatitis C, one alcoholic, and two cryptogenic) with end-stage liver disease having Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score > or =10 were included. Autologous MSCs were taken from iliac crest. Approximately, 30-50 million MSCs were proliferated and injected into peripheral or the portal vein. Liver function and clinical features were evaluated at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 weeks after injection. RESULTS: Treatment was well tolerated by all patients. Liver function improved as verified by the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, which decreased from 17.9±5.6 to 10.7±6.3 (P<0.05) and prothrombin complex from international normalized ratio 1.9±0.4 to 1.4±0.5 (P<0.05). Serum creatinine decreased from 114±35 to 80±18 µmol/l (P<0.05). Serum albumin changed from 30±5 to 33±5 g/l and bilirubin from 46±29 to 41±31 µmol/l. No adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSION: Our data show that MSCs injection can be used for the treatment of end-stage liver disease with satisfactory tolerability. Furthermore, this treatment may improve clinical indices of liver function in end-stage liver disease.
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| 26. |
- Montoya, O. D., et al.
(författare)
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On the Power Flow Solution in AC Distribution Networks Using the Laurent’s Series Expansion
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 1-5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with new power flow formulations for AC distribution networks. The power flow problem is approximated using Laurent’s series expansion method over the product between voltage variables in the power balance equations, which proportionates a mathematical structure similar to the conventional Newton-Raphson method. The proposed model is developed in complex variables, which decreases the number of calculations needed and prevents the transformation of the load flow model into polar coordinates. Numerical results confirm that the proposed method is faster regarding computational time and the total number of iterations required; besides, one of the main advantages of this approach is dealing with radial or mesh grids. All simulations are conducted in the programming environment in MATLAB software.
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| 27. |
- Petrovic, S, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of a basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger specific to gastric parietal cells
- 2003
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1857 .- 1522-1547. ; 284:6, s. G1093-G1103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The basolateral Cl−/HCO[Formula: see text] exchanger in parietal cells plays an essential role in gastric acid secretion mediated via the apical gastric H+-K+-ATPase. Here, we report the identification of a new Cl−/HCO[Formula: see text]exchanger, which shows exclusive expression in mouse stomach and kidney, with expression in the stomach limited to the basolateral membrane of gastric parietal cells. Tissue distribution studies by RT-PCR and Northern hybridizations demonstrated the exclusive expression of this transporter, also known as SLC26A7, to stomach and kidney, with the stomach expression significantly more abundant. No expression was detected in the intestine. Cellular distribution studies by RT-PCR and Northern hybridizations demonstrated predominant localization of SLC26A7 in gastric parietal cells. Immunofluorescence labeling localized this exchanger exclusively to the basolateral membrane of gastric parietal cells, and functional studies in oocytes indicated that SLC26A7 is a DIDS-sensitive Cl−/HCO[Formula: see text] exchanger that is active in both acidic and alkaline pHi. On the basis of its unique expression pattern and function, we propose that SLC26A7 is a basolateral Cl−/HCO[Formula: see text] exchanger in gastric parietal cells and plays a major role in gastric acid secretion.
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