| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Replacing monocultures with mixed-species : Ecosystem service implications of two production forest alternatives in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45:Suppl. 2, s. 124-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas there is evidence that mixed-species approaches to production forestry in general can provide positive outcomes relative to monocultures, it is less clear to what extent multiple benefits can be derived from specific mixed-species alternatives. To provide such insights requires evaluations of an encompassing suite of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and forest management considerations provided by specific mixtures and monocultures within a region. Here, we conduct such an assessment in Sweden by contrasting even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies)-dominated stands, with mixed-species stands of spruce and birch (Betula pendula or B. pubescens), or spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). By synthesizing the available evidence, we identify positive outcomes from mixtures including increased biodiversity, water quality, esthetic and recreational values, as well as reduced stand vulnerability to pest and pathogen damage. However, some uncertainties and risks were projected to increase, highlighting the importance of conducting comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluations when assessing the pros and cons of mixtures.
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| 3. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
-
Replacing monocultures with mixed-species stands : Ecosystem service implications of two production forest alternatives in Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. 124-139
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas there is evidence that mixed-species approaches to production forestry in general can provide positive outcomes relative to monocultures, it is less clear to what extent multiple benefits can be derived from specific mixed-species alternatives. To provide such insights requires evaluations of an encompassing suite of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and forest management considerations provided by specific mixtures and monocultures within a region. Here, we conduct such an assessment in Sweden by contrasting even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies)-dominated stands, with mixed-species stands of spruce and birch (Betula pendula or B. pubescens), or spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). By synthesizing the available evidence, we identify positive outcomes from mixtures including increased biodiversity, water quality, esthetic and recreational values, as well as reduced stand vulnerability to pest and pathogen damage. However, some uncertainties and risks were projected to increase, highlighting the importance of conducting comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluations when assessing the pros and cons of mixtures.
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| 4. |
- Kroon, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing production value in Scots pine plantation through mixing with lodgepole pine
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 34:8, s. 689-698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mixing tree species could be a silviculture model that allows early harvest of short-rotation trees, while longer-rotation crop trees remain in the stand. We examined the effects on growth and tree characteristics in a planted experiment with lodgepole pine (LP) and elite-bred Scots pine (SP) in mixed (50/50) and monospecific plots in three different spacings (at 28 years of age after planting). The future development under different thinning regimes, including net present value for one rotation, was analyzed using the Heureka simulation software. As expected, LP had higher survival and initially more rapid growth than SP, with highest stand productivity and biomass production in LP monoculture during a rotation period as a result. However, intimate mixtures of SP and LP at the two widest spacings could give greater production and economic benefits, compared to SP in monoculture. It seems that elite-bred SP will differ in competitiveness against LP, depending on spacing for growth and some quality traits (branch and bark thickness, height of green crown). The findings support developing management systems for combining sparsely planted, and expensive, elite-bred SP in mixture with other trees that maintains high stem volume production and secures certain properties of trees and stands.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Precision thinning : a comparison of optimal stand-level and pixel-level thinning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 37:2, s. 99-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision forestry allows decision-making on tree level or pixel level, as compared to stand-level data. However, little is known about the importance of precision in thinning decisions and its long-term effects on within-stand variation, stand economy and growth. In this study, silviculture was optimized for Net Present Value (NPV) in 20 conifer-dominated forest stands in hemi-boreal southern Sweden. The precision-thinning approach, Precision Thinning (PT), is compared with a stand-level approach, Stand Level Thinning (SLT) that is optimized for the same criteria but based on stand-level data. The results suggest no substantial long-term benefit or drawback in implementing thinning decisions based on pixel-level data as compared to stand-level data when optimizing stand economy. The result variables NPV and Mean annual increment of living stem volume (MAI(net)) were not higher for PT than for SLT. The within-stand variation in basal area (m(2)/ha(-1)) was lower at the end of the rotation compared to the start of the simulation for both SLT and PT. At the end of the rotation, SLT had higher variation in basal area compared to PT. However, pixel-level information enables adapting the silviculture to the within-stand variation which may favour other forest management goals than strictly financial goals.
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| 6. |
- Roberge, Jean-Michel, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-ecological implications of modifying rotation lengths in forestry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. 109-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rotation length is a key component of even-aged forest management systems. Using Fennoscandian forestry as a case, we review the socioecological implications of modifying rotation lengths relative to current practice by evaluating effects on a range of ecosystem services and on biodiversity conservation. The effects of shortening rotations on provisioning services are expected to be mostly negative to neutral (e.g. production of wood, bilberries, reindeer forage), while those of extending rotations would be more varied. Shortening rotations may help limit damage by some of today's major damaging agents (e.g. root rot, cambium-feeding insects), but may also increase other damage types (e.g. regeneration pests) and impede climate mitigation. Supporting (water, soil nutrients) and cultural (aesthetics, cultural heritage) ecosystem services would generally be affected negatively by shortened rotations and positively by extended rotations, as would most biodiversity indicators. Several effect modifiers, such as changes to thinning regimes, could alter these patterns.
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| 7. |
- Wassélius, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of mesenteric vein thrombosis with transjugular mechanical thrombectomy and subsequent simultaneous arterial and venous thrombolysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-333X. ; 2:3, s. 3-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mesenteric vein thrombosis may induce intestinal ischemia and gangrene. In severe cases, it is necessary to restore venous outflow from the small intestine rapidly. We describe a severe case of mesenteric vein thrombosis that was resolved successfully by mechanical thrombectomy from a transjugular approach followed by selective simultaneous venous and arterial thrombolysis via the superior mesenteric vein and artery. In conclusion, the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic approach was a feasible and safe access for mechanical thrombectomy and thrombolysis of the mesenteric vein in our patient.
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| 8. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, Docent, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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A struggling collaborative process : revisiting the woodland key habitat concept in Swedish forests
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 34:8, s. 699-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The term woodland key habitat (WKH) was launched in Sweden in 1990. Definitions for the concept have changed over the years, and today the WKH concept and its application are issues of debate in Sweden. Consequently, the Swedish Forestry Agency (SFA) initiated a collaborative process including forest stakeholders with the purpose to clarify the application and develop the inventory methodology of WKH. We have studied, by means of interviews and observations, participant perceptions of how endogenous and exogenous factors affect the collaborative process. During our research, we identified three game changers: the pause in WKH registration in northwestern Sweden that caused several participants to drop out of the process; budget allocations for new nationwide WKH inventories that put the process on hold; and formal instructions from the government that came nine months later and essentially re-initiated the collaborative process. Altogether, this not only affected the participants’ abilities, understanding and willingness to participate, but also the overall legitimacy of the process – indicating the difficulty of conducting policy development in collaborative form, especially when it is highly politicized since it impact on the participants’ anticipation of the process and its end results.
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| 9. |
- Danielson, Johan, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Change in Deferring Time Correlate to Improved Female Sexual Function after Anal Sphincter Repair: A Prospective Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2160-8792 .- 2160-8806. ; 10:05, s. 729-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many women suffer from sexual problems after anal sphincter tears due to obstetric trauma. Aim: The study aimed to assess changes in sexual function after anal sphincter repair. Methods: The study was a non-randomized prospective observational cohort study. Inclusion of the study was done at the University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, between 2002 and 2007. Thirty-nine consecutive female patients admitted for anal sphincter repair were invited to the study. Twenty patients accepted and were included, four were lost to follow up and one was unevaluable (due to the formation of a stoma) leaving a study group of 15 patients. The patients were assessed with questionnaires before surgery and at three and 12 months after surgery. Outcomes: Change in reported sexual activity and dyspareunia. Results: Before surgery, 12/15 patients reported that their sexual life was impaired due to anal incontinence. The corresponding figure at 12 months was 9/15 (p = 0.43). Three patients remained sexually inactive throughout the study, five patients increased their sexual activity and one had decreased activity. Out of the 12 who were active, four stated dyspareunia at baseline, and only one reported dyspareunia at 12 months. The mean Miller incontinence scores at baseline and 12 months were 10.1 and 8.7, respectively. The change in incontinence score did not differ between those with decreased, stable or increased sexual activity. However, there was a definite correlation (r = 0.54 - 0.60, p < 0.05) between change in sexual function and deferring time for stool. Clinical Implications: Operative management of anal sphincter tears alone is not curative for sexual problems due to anal incontinence but can be a part of the treatment. Strengths and Limitations: The study is a prospective study of sexual function. The limitations are that the questionnaires were not validated due to lack of such questionnaires at the time of the study and that the study population is quite small. Conclusion: Patients with a sphincter injury and fecal incontinence often have an impaired sexual function. Increased deferring time for stools after surgery increases the likelihood of improved sexual function.
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| 10. |
- Danielson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Submucosal injection of stabilized nonanimal hyaluronic acid with dextranomer : a new treatment option for fecal incontinence
- 2009
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Ingår i: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. - 0012-3706 .- 1530-0358. ; 52:6, s. 1101-1106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: NASHA Dx gel has been used extensively for treatments in the field of urology. This study was performed to evaluate NASHA Dx gel as an injectable anal canal implant for the treatment of fecal incontinence. METHODS: Thirty-four patients (5 males, 29 females; median age, 61 years; range, 34 to 80) were injected with 4 x 1 ml of NASHA Dx gel, just above the dentate line in the submucosal layer. The primary end point was change in the number of incontinence episodes and a treatment response was defined as a 50 percent reduction compared with pretreatment. All patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: The median number of incontinence episodes during four weeks was 22 (range, 2 to 77) before treatment, at 6 months it was 9 (range, 0 to 46), and at 12 months it was 10 (range, 0 to 70, P = 0.004). Fifteen patients (44 percent) were responders at 6 months, compared with 19 (56 percent) at 12 months. No long-term side effects or serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Submucosal injection of NASHA Dx gel is an effective treatment for fecal incontinence. The effect is sustained for at least 12 months. The treatment is associated with low morbidity.
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| 11. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services from spruce-birch mixtures : The potential importance of tree spatial arrangement
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Challenges. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-0100. ; 6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing empirical support for the biodiversity and ecosystem service (ES) benefits of mixed-species production forests. However, few studies control for the spatial arrangement of the trees within mixtures to determine the influence that clustering the tree species (patch scale mixtures), versus evenly dispersing them (intimate scale mixtures), may have for biodiversity and ES outcomes. To highlight the potential implications of altering tree spatial arrangement in mixtures, and the need to fill related knowledge gaps, here we provide a qualitative multi-disciplinary overview of ecological and socio-economic drivers with the potential to alter biodiversity, ecosystem services, and management-related outcomes from patch versus intimate scale mixtures. We focused our overview on even-aged mixtures of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pendula or B. pubescens) in Sweden, which enabled us to contrast findings within a biogeographical and silvicultural setting. Specifically, we targeted implications for biodiversity (understory vascular plants, epiphytic lichens, saproxylic beetles, birds), biomass production, harvesting costs, management ease, recreation and aesthetics, cervid game, as well as abiotic and biotic risks (wind, fire, pathogens, pests, browsing damage). In the absence of direct empirical evidence, we primarily relied on expert inference from theory and relevant empirical studies sourced from the Fennoscandian region, and further afield if needed. Collectively these efforts allowed us to develop a number of informed hypotheses indicating that for spruce-birch mixtures in this region, patch scale mixtures may have the potential to favour the diversity of several forest dependant taxonomic groups, cervid game and reduce harvesting costs, whereas intimate mixtures may have the potential to reduce pathogen and pest damage, and likewise, potentially benefit production outcomes. Current knowledge was too limited, inconsistent or context dependant to even tentatively infer outcomes for fire risk, wind damage, browsing damage, management ease, recreational and aesthetic outcomes. We emphasize that our hypotheses require testing, but are sufficient to (1) highlight the likely importance of spatial-scale to biodiversity and ecosystem services outcomes in mixed-species production forests, (2) caution against generalization from mixture studies that lack scale considerations, and (3) motivate the targeted consideration of spatial grain in future mixture studies.
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| 12. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Varying rotation lengths in northern production forests: Implications for habitats provided by retention and production trees
- 2017
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Ingår i: AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 46, s. 324-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because of the limited spatial extent and comprehensiveness of protected areas, an increasing emphasis is being placed on conserving habitats which promote biodiversity within production forest. For this reason, alternative silvicultural programs need to be evaluated with respect to their implications for forest biodiversity, especially if these programs are likely to be adopted. Here we simulated the effect of varied rotation length and associated thinning regimes on habitat availability in Scots pine and Norway spruce production forests, with high and low productivity. Shorter rotation lengths reduced the contribution made by production trees (trees grown for industrial use) to the availability of key habitat features, while concurrently increasing the contribution from retention trees. The contribution of production trees to habitat features was larger for high productivity sites, than for low productivity sites. We conclude that shortened rotation lengths result in losses of the availability of habitat features that are key for biodiversity conservation and that increased retention practices may only partially compensate for this. Ensuring that conservation efforts better reflect the inherent variation in stand rotation lengths would help improve the maintenance of key forest habitats in production forests.
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| 13. |
- Gade, Jan-Lucas, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo parameter identification in arteries considering multiple levels of smooth muscle activity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology. - : Springer Nature. - 1617-7959 .- 1617-7940. ; 20:4, s. 1547-1559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper an existing in vivo parameter identification method for arteries is extended to account for smooth muscle activity. Within this method a continuum-mechanical model, whose parameters relate to the mechanical properties of the artery, is fit to clinical data by solving a minimization problem. Including smooth muscle activity in the model increases the number of parameters. This may lead to overparameterization, implying that several parameter combinations solve the minimization problem equally well and it is therefore not possible to determine which set of parameters represents the mechanical properties of the artery best. To prevent overparameterization the model is fit to clinical data measured at different levels of smooth muscle activity. Three conditions are considered for the human abdominal aorta: basal during rest; constricted, induced by lower-body negative pressure; and dilated, induced by physical exercise. By fitting the model to these three arterial conditions simultaneously a unique set of model parameters is identified and the model prediction agrees well with the clinical data.
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| 14. |
- Hasslöf, Helen
(författare)
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The educational challenge in "education for sustainable development" : qualification, social change and the political
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores how Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) as an overarching perspective makes meaningof educational aims and purposes. Sustainable development, as a concept, is by necessity complex, and deals withintegrated dimensions of environmental, social-cultural and economic sustainability. It involves a diverse range ofembedded values and ideologies and calls for engagement in value-related and political issues relating to environment,equality and lifestyle. In my thesis, I have turned to the actors in social practice who are set to realise the educationalperspectives of ESD – the teachers. Accordingly, the analyses departure from secondary and upper secondary schoolteachers’ reciprocal meaning-making when discussing the desirable aims of teaching and ESD. Building upon previouseducational research, the thesis has three purposes, and the results are presented in four articles. The results of thestudies bring new empirical knowledge and perspectives to educational research and practice, by adding furtherunderstanding of the political and democratic dimensions of ESD.The first purpose is to investigate and describe the complexity of the concept of sustainable development from a conflictperspective and to analyse meaning-making discussions of sustainability in an educational context. This is elaborated inthe first study (Article I). To achieve this, a Conflict Reflection Tool (CRT) has been developed, by combining theconflicting dynamics of sustainable development with dialogic and univocal functions of speech. In the included casestudy, the CRT analysis of teachers’ discussions shows how fact-based, univocal science utterances closed thediscussion for conflicting perspectives to emerge. However, conflicting views did emerge and were re-valued in adialogic genre through the interplay of different dimensions of sustainability and different societal levels of conflicts.The second purpose is to investigate how the desired aims of ESD are (re)articulated in areas of educational tension inorder to make particular meaning by teachers with experience in ESD practice. Three complex ESD areas are in focus,namely, the development of students as political subjects (Article II), qualification in relation to ESD (Article III), andeducation for social change in relation to ‘sustainable’ living (Article IV). In each of these areas, the functions ofqualification, socialisation and subjectification (c.f. Biesta) are relationally analysed to further problematise educationalpurposes. Through analyses with inpiration from discourse theory, the results show in Article II the emerging discourse ofcritical thinking as room for subjectification where students were invited to be adressed as political subjects. This discoursewas articulated in struggle with the aims of qualification and socialisation, i.e. challenged by elements articulating a morescientific and rational worldview. Article III shows three discourses of qualification. Of these three, scientific reasoningand awareness of complexity are articulated as contrasting epistemological discourses of qualification. However, in thethird discourse, qualification as critical thinking, these different epistemological views are articulated as intertwined asdifferent ways to view sustainability. Article IV shows how the teachers struggle between three positions: the rationalsubject, as a neutral conductor; the responsible subject, as a role model, or the reconstructing subject, as a reconstructor.The overlapping positions depend upon how socialisation towards sustainable lifestyles, political and ethical perspectivesare identified in relation to the educational aims and the emerging myths of social change.The third purpose is to develop analytical methods where conflicting articulations of environmental issues andsustainability are taken into account based on language and discourse theory for conducting empirical investigations ofmeaning-making.
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| 15. |
- Holm-Waters, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Preclinical Pharmacology of 2-(3-Fluoro-5-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)Ethyl (Propyl)amine (IRL790), a Novel Dopamine Transmission Modulator for the Treatment of Motor and Psychiatric Complications in Parkinson Disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0022-3565 .- 1521-0103. ; 374:1, s. 113-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IRL790 ([2-(3-fluoro-5-methanesulfonylphenoxy)ethyl](propyl)amine, mesdopetam) is a novel compound in development for the clinical management of motor and psychiatric disabilities in Parkinson disease. The discovery of IRL790 was made applying a systems pharmacology approach based on in vivo response profiling. The chemical design idea was to develop a new type of DA D3/D2 receptor type antagonist built on agonist rather than antagonist structural motifs. We hypothesized that such a dopamine antagonist with physicochemical properties similar to agonists would exert antidyskinetic and antipsychotic effects in states of dysregulated dopaminergic signaling while having little negative impact on physiologic dopamine transmission and, hence, minimal liability for side effects related to dopamine-dependent functions. At the level of in vivo pharmacology, IRL790 displays balancing effects on aberrant motor phenotypes, reducing L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in the rodent 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model and reducing psychostimulant-induced locomotor hyperactivity elicited by pretreatment with either d-amphetamine or dizocilpine, without negatively impacting normal motor performance. Thus, IRL790 has the ability to normalize the behavioral phenotype in hyperdopaminergic as well as hypoglutamatergic states. Neurochemical and immediate early gene (IEG) response profiles suggest modulation of DA neurotransmission, with some features, such as increased DA metabolites and extracellular DA, shared by atypical antipsychotics and others, such as increased frontal cortex IEGs, unique to IRL790. IRL790 also increases extracellular levels of acetylcholine in the prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus. At the receptor level, IRL790 appears to act as a preferential DA D3 receptor antagonist. Computational docking studies support preferential affinity at D3 receptors with an agonist-like binding mode. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This paper reports preclinical pharmacology along with molecular modeling results on IRL790, a novel compound in clinical development for the treatment of motor and psychiatric complications in advanced Parkinson disease. IRL790 is active in models of perturbed dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling, including rodent 6-hydroxydopamine L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias and psychostimulant-induced hyperactivity, in a dose range that does not impair normal behavior. This effect profile is attributed to interactions at dopamine D2/D3 receptors, with a 6- to 8-fold preference for the D3 subtype.
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| 16. |
- Klapwijk, Maartje, et al.
(författare)
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Capturing complexity : Forests, decision-making and climate change mitigation action
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 52, s. 238-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Managed forests can play an important role in climate change mitigation due to their capacity to sequester carbon. However, it has proven difficult to harness their full potential for climate change mitigation. Managed forests are often referred to as socio-ecological systems as the human dimension is an integral part of the system. When attempting to change systems that are influenced by factors such as collective knowledge, social organization, understanding of the situation and values represented in society, initial intentions often shift due to the complexity of political, social and scientific interactions. Currently, the scientific literature is dispersed over the different factors related to the socio-ecological system. To examine the level of dispersion and to obtain a holistic view, we review climate change mitigation in the context of Swedish forest research. We introduce a heuristic framework to understand decision-making connected to climate change mitigation. We apply our framework to two themes which span different dimensions in the socio-ecological system: carbon accounting and bioenergy. A key finding in the literature was the perception that current uncertainties regarding the reliability of different methods of carbon accounting inhibits international agreement on the use of forests for climate change mitigation. This feeds into a strategic obstacle affecting the willingness of individual countries to implement forest-related carbon emission reduction policies. Decisions on the utilization of forests for bioenergy are impeded by a lack of knowledge regarding the resultant biophysical and social consequences. This interacts negatively with the development of institutional incentives regarding the production of bioenergy using forest products. Normative disagreement about acceptable forest use further affects these scientific discussions and therefore is an over-arching influence on decision-making. With our framework, we capture this complexity and make obstacles to decision-making more transparent to enable their more effective resolution. We have identified the main research areas concerned with the use of managed forest in climate change mitigation and the obstacles that are connected to decision making.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Lundmark, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon balance in production forestry in relation to rotation length
- 2018
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0045-5067 .- 1208-6037. ; 48:6, s. 672-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of a rotation length is an integral part of even-aged forest management regimes. In this study, we have simulated stand development and carbon pools in four even-aged stands representing the two most common tree species in Fennoscandia, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), growing on high and low productive sites. We hypothesized that increased rotation lengths (+10, +20 and +30 years) in comparison with today’s practice would increase forests’ average carbon stock during a rotation cycle, but decrease the average yield. The results showed that for spruce a moderate increase in rotation length (+10 years) increased both average standing carbon stock and average yield. For the longer alternatives (+20 and +30 years) for spruce and for all pine alternatives prolonging rotation lengths resulted in increased average standing carbon stocks but decreased average yield resulting in decreased carbon storage in forest products and decreased substitution effects. Decreasing the rotation lengths (-10 years) always resulted in both decreased average standing carbon stocks and decreased yields. We conclude that a moderate increase of rotation lengths may slightly increase forests’ climate benefits for spruce sites but for all other alternatives there was a trade-off between the temporary gain of increasing carbon stocks and the permanent loss in productivity and consequently substitution potential.
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| 19. |
- Malm, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The pentraxin serum amyloid P component is found in the male genital tract and attached to spermatozoa
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Andrology. - : Wiley. - 0105-6263 .- 1365-2605. ; 31, s. 508-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum amyloid P component (SAP) belongs to the pentraxin family of proteins, members of which are characterized by radial pentameric structure and calcium-dependent ligand binding. SAP is present in all types of amyloidosis and has been shown to bind to several ligands, but the physiological function of this protein has not been fully elucidated. The present study identified and characterized SAP in human semen and immunolocalized it to the male reproductive tract. SAP was also detected in seminal plasma by immunoblotting and purification by affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry. According to electroimmunoassay, the concentration of SAP in semen is approximately 2 mg/L, and flow cytometry revealed SAP attached to the surface of spermatozoa. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed positive staining of spermatozoa, subsets of epithelial cells, and the stroma of accessory male genital glands and testis. Presence of mRNA supports local production of SAP, as shown with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We identified SAP in a new setting - the human male reproductive system. SAP was detected on ejaculated spermatozoa, in seminal plasma and in tissue sections from the male reproductive tract. Further functional studies are needed to explain the role of SAP in human reproduction.
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| 20. |
- Mårald, Erland, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Forest governance and management across time : developing a new forest social contract
- 2017
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of the past, and of the future on current-time tradeoffs in the forest arena are particularly relevant given the long-term successions in forest landscapes and the hundred years' rotations in forestry. Historically established path dependencies and conflicts determine our present situation and delimit what is possible to achieve. Similarly, future trends and desires have a large influence on decision making. Nevertheless, decisions about forest governance and management are always made in the present – in the present-time appraisal of the developed situation, future alternatives and in negotiation between different perspectives, interests, and actors.This book explores historic and future outlooks as well as current tradeoffs and methods in forest governance and management. It emphasizes the generality and complexity with empirical data from Sweden and internationally. It first investigates, from a historical perspective, how previous forest policies and discourses have influenced current forest governance and management. Second, it considers methods to explore alternative forest futures and how the results from such investigations may influence the present. Third, it examines current methods of balancing tradeoffs in decision-making among ecosystem services. Based on the findings the authors develop an integrated approach – Reflexive Forestry – to support exchange of knowledge and understandings to enable capacity building and the establishment of common ground. Such societal agreements, or what the authors elaborate as forest social contracts, are sets of relational commitment between involved actors that may generate mutual action and a common directionality to meet contemporary challenges.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Santaniello, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Climate impacts of retention forestry in a Swedish boreal pine forest
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Land Use Science. - 1747-423X .- 1747-4248. ; 13, s. 301-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The excessive simplification of forest structure associated with clear cutting can carry risks for biodiversity. Tree retention is an alternative practice that maintains greater structural diversity, but its effects on climate change impacts relative to conventional harvesting are largely unexplored. By integrating field measurements from 12 forest stands with modelling approaches, we investigated the post-harvest effects on radiative forcing of tree retention in a Swedish boreal pine forest. In the near-term, impacts from carbon fluxes and surface albedo were of the same order of magnitude but with opposite sign (warming for carbon and cooling for albedo), with a net warming effect. In the long-term, the net effect turns to cooling, as the forest becomes a strong carbon sink. Retention had a significant effect on climate in the near-term, where differences between the various retention levels are more evident. At increasing tree retention, warming impacts from carbon fluxes tend to decrease, but cooling contributions from surface albedo are less pronounced. Balancing these effects, we find a net climate warming that increases with tree retention.
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| 23. |
- Santaniello, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Simulated long-term effects of varying tree retention on wood production, dead wood and carbon stock changes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 201, s. 37-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boreal forests are an important source of timber and pulp wood, but provide also other products and services. Utilizing a simulation program and field data from a tree retention experiment in a Scots pine forest in central Sweden, we simulated the consequences during the following 100 years of various levels of retention on production of merchantable wood, dead wood input (as a proxy for biodiversity), and carbon stock changes. At the stand level, wood production decreased with increased retention levels, while dead wood input and carbon stock increased. We also compared 12 scenarios representing a land sharing/land sparing gradient. In each scenario, a constant volume of wood was harvested with a specific level of retention in a 100-ha landscape. The area not needed to reach the defined volume was set-aside during a 100-year rotation period, leading to decreasing area of set-asides with increasing level of retention across the 12 scenarios. Dead wood input was positively affected by the level of tree retention whereas the average carbon stock decreased slightly with increasing level of tree retention. The scenarios will probably vary in how they favor species preferring different substrates. Therefore, we conclude that a larger variation of landscape-level conservation strategies, also including active creation of dead wood, may be an attractive complement to the existing management. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Sonesson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of serum amyloid P component in seminal plasma and correlations with serum hormone levels in young, healthy men.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 71:7, s. 569-575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Serum amyloid P component (SAP) belongs to the pentraxin family of proteins. SAP is evolutionary conserved, and involved in amyloidosis, innate immunity, inflammation, and apoptosis. We have previously described SAP in the male reproductive tract, where it occurs in seminal fluid, on spermatozoa, and in epididymal, seminal vesicle, and prostate tissue. In the present investigation, our aim was to characterize SAP in male reproduction. In short, we developed and evaluated an immunoassay, analysed the concentration of SAP in seminal plasma and serum in samples from healthy men (N = 203), and studied hormonal regulation. SAP in seminal plasma showed a positively skewed distribution and a median concentration of 1.01 mg/L (inter quartile range [IQR] 0.56-1.65 mg/L). SAP in serum had a Gaussian distribution and a median concentration of 40.5 mg/L (IQR 34.2-49.2 mg/L). Furthermore, SAP concentrations in seminal plasma were not correlated with serum concentrations of SAP, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the testosterone/SHBG ratio, inhibin B, or estradiol. Only a weak negative correlation was found between seminal plasma SAP and serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (Spearman's rho -0.159; p = 0.023) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (Spearman's rho -0.162; p = 0.021). In conclusion, all men investigated had measurable SAP levels in seminal plasma and in serum. SAP concentrations were 40 times lower in seminal fluid than in serum, and there was no correlation between those two variables. It seems that hormonal regulation is not the major pathway regulating seminal plasma SAP, and seminal plasma SAP and serum SAP are not co-regulated.
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| 25. |
- Sonesson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Serum amyloid P component : A new biomarker for low sperm concentration?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Asian Journal of Andrology. - : Medknow. - 1008-682X. ; 23:5, s. 450-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is present in seminal plasma, on spermatozoa, and in different tissues of the male reproductive tract, but its function is not known. The aims of this study were to determine if the concentration of SAP in seminal plasma is associated with commonly assessed semen parameters and to investigate if SAP could be a new, indirect biomarker for these parameters. In a cross-sectional study of 203 young volunteers, the concentration of SAP in seminal plasma was measured with a in-house developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Scatter plots, Pearson's correlation coefficients (r), and linear regression models were produced, and SAP showed a statistically significant correlation with sperm concentration (r = 0.75), sperm number (r = 0.68), semen volume (r =-0.19), progressive sperm motility (r = 0.24), and sperm immotility (r =-0.20). When the study group was dichotomized, SAP could be used to discriminate samples with a sperm concentration or =5 × 106 ml-1, 15 × 106 ml-1, or 40 × 106 ml-1, and in receiver operating characteristic curves, the corresponding areas under the curves were 0.97, 0.93, and 0.82, respectively, with P 0.001 for all three cutoff values studied. The concentration of SAP in seminal plasma showed a strong, positive correlation with the concentration of spermatozoa in semen. SAP may be used as a new indirect potential biomarker for sperm concentration in fresh and in frozen, stored samples. In addition, it is envisaged that the assay could be developed into a home fertility test to differentiate between a low and a normal sperm concentration.
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| 26. |
- Soveri, Inga, et al.
(författare)
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The IgG-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes causes rapid clearance of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies in patients with refractory anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0085-2538 .- 1523-1755. ; 96:5, s. 1234-1238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, IgG class autoantibodies induce rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Regrettably, many patients are diagnosed at a late stage when even intensive conventional treatment fails to restore renal function The endopeptidase IdeS (Immunoglobulin G degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes) (imliflidase) rapidly cleaves all human IgG subclasses into F(ab')(2) and Fc fragments. We received permission to treat three patients with refractory anti-GBM nephritis without pulmonary involvement on a compassionate basis. All patients were dialysis-dependent for days or weeks when treated, and all had high levels of circulating anti-GBM despite plasma exchange. A single dose of IdeS led to complete clearance of circulating anti-GBM antibodies in all three patients. After about a week, all rebounded but the rebounds were easily managed by plasma exchange in two of three cases. Renal histology demonstrated severe crescentic glomerulonephritis with acute but mainly chronic changes. Staining for the Fc fragment was negative in all while Fab was positive in two patients. Unfortunately, none of the patients regained independent renal function. Thus, treatment with IdeS led to rapid clearance of circulating and kidney bound antiGBM antibodies. The clinical utility, dosing and usage to preserve renal function remain to be determined.
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| 27. |
- Uhlin, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Endopeptidase Cleavage of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies in vivo in Severe Kidney Disease : An Open-Label Phase 2a Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. - : AMER SOC NEPHROLOGY. - 1046-6673 .- 1533-3450. ; 33:4, s. 829-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The prognosis for kidney survival is poor in patients presenting with circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies and severe kidney injury. It is unknown if treat-ment with an endopeptidase that cleaves circulating and kidney bound IgG can alter the prognosis.& nbsp;Methods An investigator-driven phase 2a one-arm study (EudraCT 2016-004082-39) was performed in 17 hospitals in five European countries. A single dose of 0.25 mg/kg of imlifidase was given to 15 adults with circulating anti-GBM antibodies and an eGFR < 15 ml/min per 1.73m(2). All patients received standard treatment with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, but plasma exchange only if autoantibodies rebounded. The primary outcomes were safety and dialysis independency at 6 months.& nbsp;Results At inclusion, ten patients were dialysis dependent and the other five had eGFR levels between 7 and 14 ml/min per 1.73m(2). The median age was 61 years (range 19-77), six were women, and six were also positive for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Then 6 hours after imlifidase infusion, all patients had anti-GBM antibodies levels below the reference range of a prespecified assay. At 6 months 67% (ten out of 15) were dialysis independent. This is significantly higher compared with 18% (nine out of 50) in a historical control cohort (P < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Eight serious adverse events (including one death) were reported, none assessed as probably or possibly related to the study drug.& nbsp;Conclusions In this pilot study, the use of imlifidase was associated with a better outcome compared with earlier publications, without major safety issues, but the findings need to be confirmed in a randomized controlled trial.
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| 28. |
- Uhlin, F., et al.
(författare)
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Endopeptidase Cleavage of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies in vivo in Severe Kidney Disease: An Open-Label Phase 2a Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1046-6673 .- 1533-3450. ; 33:4, s. 829-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The prognosis for kidney survival is poor in patients presenting with circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies and severe kidney injury. It is unknown if treat-ment with an endopeptidase that cleaves circulating and kidney bound IgG can alter the prognosis.& nbsp;Methods An investigator-driven phase 2a one-arm study (EudraCT 2016-004082-39) was performed in 17 hospitals in five European countries. A single dose of 0.25 mg/kg of imlifidase was given to 15 adults with circulating anti-GBM antibodies and an eGFR < 15 ml/min per 1.73m(2). All patients received standard treatment with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, but plasma exchange only if autoantibodies rebounded. The primary outcomes were safety and dialysis independency at 6 months.& nbsp;Results At inclusion, ten patients were dialysis dependent and the other five had eGFR levels between 7 and 14 ml/min per 1.73m(2). The median age was 61 years (range 19-77), six were women, and six were also positive for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Then 6 hours after imlifidase infusion, all patients had anti-GBM antibodies levels below the reference range of a prespecified assay. At 6 months 67% (ten out of 15) were dialysis independent. This is significantly higher compared with 18% (nine out of 50) in a historical control cohort (P < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Eight serious adverse events (including one death) were reported, none assessed as probably or possibly related to the study drug.& nbsp;Conclusions In this pilot study, the use of imlifidase was associated with a better outcome compared with earlier publications, without major safety issues, but the findings need to be confirmed in a randomized controlled trial.
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