| 1. |
- Alcalde, J., et al.
(författare)
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3-D reflection seismic imaging of the Hontomin structure in the Basque-Cantabrian Basin (Spain)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Solid Earth. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1869-9510 .- 1869-9529. ; 4:2, s. 481-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Basque-Cantabrian Basin of the northern Iberia Peninsula constitutes a unique example of a major deformation system, featuring a dome structure developed by extensional tectonics followed by compressional reactivation. The occurrence of natural resources in the area and the possibility of establishing a geological storage site for carbon dioxide motivated the acquisition of a 3-D seismic reflection survey in 2010, centered on the Jurassic Hontomin dome. The objectives of this survey were to obtain a geological model of the overall structure and to establish a baseline model for a possible geological CO2 storage site. The 36 km(2) survey included approximately 5000 mixed (Vibroseis and explosives) source points recorded with a 25 m inline source and receiver spacing. The target reservoir is a saline aquifer, at approximately 1450 m depth, encased and sealed by carbonate formations. Acquisition and processing parameters were influenced by the rough topography and relatively complex geology. A strong near-surface velocity inversion is evident in the data, affecting the quality of the data. The resulting 3-D image provides constraints on the key features of the geologic model. The Hontom n structure is interpreted to consist of an approximately 10(7) m(2) large elongated dome with two major (W-E and NW-SE) striking faults bounding it. Preliminary capacity estimates indicate that about 1.2 Gt of CO2 can be stored in the target reservoir.
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| 2. |
- Erlström, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Geophysical well log-motifs, lithology, stratigraphical aspects and correlation of the Ordovician succession in the Swedish part of the Baltic Basin
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Earth Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1437-3254 .- 1437-3262. ; 108:4, s. 1387-1407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The geophysical characteristics of the carbonate-dominated Ordovician succession is described using wire-line logging data from exploration wells located within the Swedish part of the Baltic Basin, both offshore and from the island of Gotland. The petrophysical properties and log-motifs are compared and correlated with the lithology of cores from the Hamra-10, Skåls-1 and Grötlingbo-1 wells on southern Gotland. The 80–125-m-thick Ordovician succession is divided into five log stratigraphic units O a –O e , which are correlated throughout the study area. The proposed log stratigraphy and wire-line log characteristics are evaluated and compared with the established Ordovician stratigraphy from the adjacent areas of Öland, Östergötland and South Estonia. The newly established log stratigraphy is also linked to the existing seismic stratigraphic framework for the study area and exemplified with a selection of interpreted seismic type sections from Gotland and the south Baltic Sea. The presented characterization, division and correlation provide a basis for understanding the lateral and vertical variation of the petrophysical properties, which are essential in assessing the sealing capacity of the Ordovician succession, in conjunction with storage of CO 2 in the underlying Cambrian sandstone reservoir.
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| 3. |
- Hesselbrandt, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Multidisciplinary approaches for assessing a high temperature borehole thermal energy storage facility at linköping, sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 14:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing the optimal placement and design of a large‐scale high temperature energy storage system in crystalline bedrock is a challenging task. This study applies and evaluates various methods and strategies for pre‐site investigation for a potential high temperature borehole thermal energy storage (HT‐BTES) system at Linköping in Sweden. The storage is required to shift approximately 70 GWh of excess heat generated from a waste incineration plant during the summer to the winter season. Ideally, the site for the HT‐BTES system should be able to accommodate up to 1400 wells to 300 m depth. The presence of major fracture zones, high groundwater flow, anisotropic thermal properties, and thick Quaternary overburden are all factors that play an important role in the performance of an HT‐BTES system. Inadequate input data to the modeling and design increases the risk of unsatisfactory performance, unwanted thermal impact on the surroundings, and suboptimal placement of the HT‐BTES system, especially in a complex crystalline bedrock setting. Hence, it is crucial that the subsurface geological conditions and associated thermal properties are suitably characterized as part of pre‐investigation work. In this study, we utilize a range of methods for pre-site investigation in the greater Distorp area, in the vicinity of Linköping. Ground geophysical methods, including magnetic and Very Low‐Frequency (VLF) measurements, are collected across the study area together with outcrop observations and lab analysis on rock samples. Borehole investigations are conducted, including Thermal Response Test (TRT) and Distributed Thermal Response Test (DTRT) measurements, as well as geophysical wireline logging. Drone‐based photogrammetry is also applied to characterize the fracture distribution and orientation in outcrops. In the case of the Distorp site, these methods have proven to give useful information to optimize the placement of the HT‐BTES system and to inform design and modeling work. Furthermore, many of the methods applied in the study have proven to require only a fraction of the resources required to drill a single well, and hence, can be considered relatively efficient.
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| 4. |
- Huang, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of utilizing wavelet phase to map the CO2 plume at the Ketzin pilot site, Germany
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geophysical Prospecting. - : Wiley. - 0016-8025 .- 1365-2478. ; 65:2, s. 523-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spectral decomposition is a powerful tool that can provide geological details dependent upon discrete frequencies. Complex spectral decomposition using inversion strategies differs from conventional spectral decomposition methods in that it produces not only frequency information but also wavelet phase information. This method was applied to a time‐lapse three‐dimensional seismic dataset in order to test the feasibility of using wavelet phase changes to detect and map injected carbon dioxide within the reservoir at the Ketzin carbon dioxide storage site, Germany. Simplified zero‐offset forward modelling was used to help verify the effectiveness of this technique and to better understand the wavelet phase response from the highly heterogeneous storage reservoir and carbon dioxide plume. Ambient noise and signal‐to‐noise ratios were calculated from the raw data to determine the extracted wavelet phase. Strong noise caused by rainfall and the assumed spatial distribution of sandstone channels in the reservoir could be correlated with phase anomalies. Qualitative and quantitative results indicate that the wavelet phase extracted by the complex spectral decomposition technique has great potential as a practical and feasible tool for carbon dioxide detection at the Ketzin pilot site.
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| 5. |
- Huang, Fei, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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The first post-injection seismic monitor survey at the Ketzin pilot CO2 storage site : results from time-lapse analysis
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Geophysical Prospecting. - : Wiley. - 0016-8025 .- 1365-2478. ; 66:1, s. 62-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The injection of CO2 at the Ketzin pilot CO2 storage site started in June 2008 and ended in August 2013. During the 62 months of injection, a total amount of about 67 kt of CO2 was injected into a saline aquifer. A third repeat 3D seismic survey, serving as the first post-injection survey was acquired in 2015, aiming to investigate the recent movement of the injected CO2. Consistent with the previous two time-lapse surveys, a predominantly WNW migration of the gaseous CO2 plume in the up-dip direction within the reservoir is inferred in this first post-injection survey. No systematic anomalies are detected through the reservoir overburden. The extent of the CO2 plume west of the injection site is almost identical to that found in the 2012 second repeat survey (after injection of 61 kt), however there is a significant decrease in its size east of the injection site. Assessment of the CO2 plume distribution suggests that the decrease in the size of the anomaly may be due to multiple factors, such as limited vertical resolution, CO2 dissolution and CO2 diffusion, in addition to the effects of ambient noise. 4D seismic modelling based on dynamic flow simulations indicates that a dynamic balance between the newly injected CO2 after the second repeat survey and the CO2 being dissolved and diffused was reached by the time of the first post-injection survey. Considering the considerable uncertainties in CO2 mass estimation, both patchy and non-patchy saturation models for the Ketzin site were taken into consideration.
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| 6. |
- Ivandic, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Geophysical monitoring at the Ketzin pilot site for CO2 storage : New insights into the plume evolution
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1750-5836 .- 1878-0148. ; 32, s. 90-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To date, 3D time-lapse seismic monitoring at the Ketzin CO2 storage pilot site comprised a baseline survey conducted in 2005 and two repeat surveys conducted in 2009 and 2012. At the time of the first repeat survey (22-25 kt of CO2), the CO2 plume was found to be concentrated around the injection well with a maximum lateral extent of approximately 300-400 m and a thickness of 5-20m. Data from the 2012 survey (61 kt of CO2), show further growth and migration of the amplitude anomaly interpreted to be induced by the CO2 injection. The anomaly is similar in shape to that obtained from the 2009 survey, but significantly stronger and larger by similar to 150m in the N-S direction and by similar to 200m in the E-W direction. In agreement with the 2009 survey, the new data show a westward propagation of the plume, a trend governed by the complex structure of the reservoir. No evidence of systematic changes in the seismic signature within the overburden is observed. A quantitative assessment of the plume reveals a 15% discrepancy with the injected amount, which could be attributed to the ongoing dissolution processes. However, the estimated quantity also contains significant uncertainty.
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| 7. |
- Joodaki, Saba, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of CO2 injection into a Baltic Sea saline aquifer and seismic monitoring of the plume
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 355-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- TOUGH2/ECO2N was used to simulate CO2 injection into a saline aquifer in the Baltic Sea and the effect of different amounts of CO2 injection on the seismic response. The Biot-Gassmann model was used to convert the simulated saturation and densities to seismic velocities and synthetic seismic responses before and after injection were compared. The results show that the amplitude changes in the seismic response are detectable even for small amounts of injected CO2, while noticeable signs of velocity pushdown, as a signature of the CO2 substitution, could only be observed if the injection rate is high enough.
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| 8. |
- Levendal, Tegan Corinne, et al.
(författare)
-
Ordovician carbonate mud mounds of the Baltoscandian Basin in time and space : a geophysical approach
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier. - 0031-0182 .- 1872-616X. ; 535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbonate mud mounds developed within the Baltoscandian Basin, an epicratonic basin on the Baltica palaeocontinent, during the Ordovician. In the Upper Ordovician succession of the Baltoscandian Basin, a large number of mud mounds are present at three stratigraphic levels namely, the Kullsbergs mounds (late Sandbian-early Katian), Nabala and Rakvere mounds (middle Katian), and the Boda mounds (late Katian). These formed in a subtropical-tropical carbonate platform environment, covered by a shallow epicontinental sea. The mud mounds at these stratigraphic levels beneath and around Gotland have been characterized using a comprehensive seismic and well dataset acquired during a period of hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation which began more than 30 years ago. Interpretation of the largely unpublished seismic data in this study provides details on the distribution of mound complexes in the basin and constraints on the geometry of the mounds. Detailed structure contour maps of the top and the base of the Ordovician succession beneath Gotland based on the seismic interpretation are presented. The results give a comprehensive characterization of carbonate mud mound generation on Gotland which may help in understanding the distribution patterns of similar mound complexes in other parts of the Ordovician world formed in similar environments.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Levendal, Tegan, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of an Ordovician carbonate mound beneath Gotland, Sweden, using 3D seismic and well data
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Geophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-9851 .- 1879-1859. ; 162, s. 22-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish island of Gotland is located within the Baltic Basin. During the Late Ordovician the region around Gotland was part of a shallow epicratonic basin in the southern subtropics. In these warm-water environments algae flourished, diverse reefs developed close to the coastline and further outboard carbonate mounds developed. These mounds formed rigid high relief structures surrounded by fine-grained siliciclastics and marls and can be detected on seismic images as isolated concave upwards features. The sedimentary succession beneath Gotland was intensely investigated in the 1970s and 1980s for its hydrocarbon potential, and subsequently, oil was commercially produced from reservoirs within Ordovician mounds. In 1981, a 3D seismic survey was conducted by Horizon Exploration Ltd. over the Fardume mound on northern Gotland. To date no results from these 3D data have been published in scientific literature.The region of Gotland aims to produce 100% of its energy from renewable sources and currently much of Gotland's electricity is provided by wind turbines. Due to the intermittent nature of wind power, one solution to regulate the supply of electricity from wind energy is Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES).In this study, we convert the 3D seismic survey acquired over the Fardume mound from scanned TIFF images to SEGY format. These data are then utilized together with well data to gain a better knowledge of the geological structure of the mound and to examine its reservoir characteristics and potential for CAES. To date, carbonate mounds on Gotland have mainly been reported in the scientific literature using well data. This 3D seismic survey, therefore, provides a rare opportunity to better characterize and investigate the structure of one of the carbonate mounds on Gotland.
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| 11. |
- Muhamad, Harbe Anwar, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution seismic imaging of Paleozoic rocks in the Mora area, Siljan Ring structure, central Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-5897 .- 2000-0863. ; 139:4, s. 260-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Late Devonian Siljan Ring structure in Sweden is the largest known impact structure in Europe. The present-day structure comprises a central dome that is about 20–30 km in diameter, which is surrounded by a ring-shaped depression. In this study, we focus on the southwestern part of the Siljan Ring with the aim to map the structure of the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Four 2D high-resolution seismic lines with a total length of about 3 km were acquired in the Mora area. A three component eighty-unit land streamer, combined with wireless recorders, was used for data acquisition along with a weight drop source. Processing of the data shows that clear reflections are present, but results are less distinct where external noise was present during acquisition or the maximum source-receiver offset was too short. Petrophysical measurements on core samples, core log data and a density model along one line were used to guide the interpretation of the seismic sections. These data demonstrate that fault blocks are present in the study area and that the individual blocks have been affected differently by impact-related tectonics.
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| 12. |
- Muhamad, Harbe
(författare)
-
Geophysical studies in the western part of the Siljan Ring Impact Crater
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis utilizes several geophysical methods to study the Siljan Ring impact structure, focusing on the western part of the structure. This thesis, and the three papers upon which it is based, reports on attempts to delineate the Paleozoic rocks at depth within the annular ring graben and characterize their structure. In addition, the nature of the basement, which underlies these sedimentary rocks is investigated.Papers I and III focus on analysis of the down-hole logging and borehole core data. As well as the acquisition, processing and interpretation of 2D high-resolution reflection seismic data from the Mora area. The borehole log responses were compared with the core lithology from the Mora 001 borehole and information from two other cores (Mora VM 2 and Mora MV 3) in order to interpret the logs. The logs reveal significant changes in the lithology between boreholes, indicating a very high level of structural complexity, which is attributed to impact tectonics. In addition, the log data revealed a high sonic velocity contrast between the Silurian and Ordovician successions and a higher apparent temperature gradient than in the northern part of the structure. The interpretation of the high-resolution 2D seismic data suggest that the Mora area has been significantly affected by the impact. Several potential faults were identified in the area and interpreted to be post depositional and related to the impact. In paper II, a 2D seismic profile from the Orsa area (12 km) located in the northwestern part of the Siljan Ring was re-processed. To compliment this seismic line, first break traveltime tomography results, vintage seismic OPAB profiles, new and pre-existing gravity data, aeromagnetic data and the bedrock geological map were used to present a geological model along the Orsa profile. Reprocessing of the seismic data resulted in improved stacked and migrated sections and better imaging of the top of the crystalline basement than the original processing. Integrated interpretation of the seismic profiles suggests that the area has been significantly affected by faulting and that the depth to the basement varies greatly along the different profiles.
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| 13. |
- Muhamad, Harbe, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated interpretation of geophysical data of the Paleozoic structure in the northwestern part of the Siljan Ring impact crater, central Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Geophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-9851 .- 1879-1859. ; 148, s. 201-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Siljan Ring impact structure is the largest known impact structure in Europe and is Late Devonian in age. It contains a central uplift that is about 20-30 km in diameter and is surrounded by a ring-shaped depression. The Siljan area is one of the few areas in Sweden where the Paleozoic sequence has not been completely eroded, making it an important location for investigation of the geological and tectonic history of Baltica during the Paleozoic. The Paleozoic strata in this area also provide insight into the complex deformation processes associated with the impact. In this study we focus on the northwestern part of the Siljan Ring, close to the town of Orsa, with the main objective of characterizing the subsurface Paleozoic succession and uppermost Precambrian crystalline rocks along a series of seismic reflection profiles, some of which have not previously been published. We combine these seismic data with gravity and magnetic data and seismic traveltime tomography results to produce an integrated interpretation of the subsurface in the area. Our interpretation shows that the Paleozoic sequence in this area is of a relatively constant thickness, with a total thickness typically between 300 and 500 m. Faulting appears to be predominantly extensional, which we interpret to have occurred during the modification stage of the impact. Furthermore, based on the geophysical data in this area, we interpret that the impact related deformation to differ in magnitude and style from other parts of the Siljan Ring.
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| 14. |
- Pan, Yaocen, et al.
(författare)
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Inversion tectonics in the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone : insight from new marine seismic data at the Bornholm Gat, SW Baltic Sea
- 2022
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Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-5897 .- 2000-0863. ; 144:2, s. 71-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New seismic profiles located within the Bornholm Gat in the SW Baltic Sea area image Late Cretaceous-Paleogene inversion and exhumation of a previously poorly characterized narrow crustal zone in the southern end of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone (STZ), a long pre-Alpine tectonic lineament in Europe. Thrusts and pop-up structures developed along the inversion axis accompanied by subsidence troughs on its sides. Stratigraphic analysis of chalk deposits indicates that structural shortening and inversion resulted from compressional deformation. Marginal troughs formed synchronously to inversion and adjacent to the tectonically active slope, where sediment redeposition was focused. Deposition of chalk units, composed predominantly of contourites and gravity-driven sedimentation were largely controlled by inversion tectonics and influenced by intensification of bottom currents. We find that allochthonous chalk has been buried in horizontally deposited autochthonous (pelagic) chalk. An erosional unconformity represents the base of the Maastrichtian and marks the onset of along slope deposition due to a more hydrodynamic environment. The revealed asymmetric inversion across the STZ with fold tightening and superposition of NE-NW folds attest to more than one pulse during the Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic inversion. The STZ may belong to the end-member mode of intraplate foreland basins resulting from a far-field NE-SW compression transmitted from the Africa-Iberia-Europe convergence. The intraplate stress associated with the following Maastrichtian enhanced collisional coupling between the Alpine-Carpathian orogen and its foreland, which is widely recognized (e.g., the Mid-Polish Trough, the Bohemian Massif and the Central Graben), may also have had its maximum extent to the northeast in southern Sweden.
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| 15. |
- Ripa, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Bergslagen, etapp 1 : Profilkartering av berggrunden i området Sala–Jugansbo
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Berggrundsgeologisk kartering och geofysiska mätningar har gjorts i huvudsak längs några profiler i Sala-Jugansboområdet. Avsikten var att utreda vissa stratigrafiska och strukturella förhållanden hos ytbergarterna samt att dokumentera berggrundens magnetiska egenskaper och mönster i ett område bland annat kring Banmossens wollastonitförekomst.Undersökningarna visar på en asymmetrisk antiklinal-synklinalstruktur i området mellan Broddbo och Jugansbo. Antiklinalen består mest av metasedimentära bergarter och synklinalen av metavulkaniter med underordnade karbonatstenar. De metasedimentära bergarterna i antiklinalen kan lateralt motsvara en del av de vulkaniter som finns i Jugansboomådet. Lokalt är bergarterna dock starkt deformerade vilket gör stratigrafiska korrelationer osäkra. Synklinalens stratigrafiskt översta delar består av skarnbandade vulkaniska silt- till sandstensformationer och pimpstensförande metaryoliter, vilka har givit en preliminär SIMS U-Pb zirkonålder på 1 902,9 ± 8,9 Ma. De äldre intrusiva bergarterna längs en öst–västlig profil förbi Banmossen domineras av metabasiter. De varierar i sammansättning och bildar lokalt komplicerade hybridbergarter vid kontakter mot metagrantoider. Variationer i magnetitinnehåll ger tillsammans med diverse strukturer upphov till ett komplicerat magnetmönster.
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| 16. |
- Sopher, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of small, affordable seismic sources at the Ketzin CO2 storage site, Germany
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seismic methods have proven to be effective for monitoring the movement and location of injected CO2 within deep saline aquifers. However, a disadvantage of seismic monitoring is the high costs associated with many repeat seismic surveys as part of a long term monitoring strategy of a CO2 storage site. As the cost for the use of the seismic source is often a significant part of the overall survey cost, affordable, smaller sources would increase the potential feasibility of a long term seismic monitoring strategy. A comparison of three land seismic sources is performed at the Ketzin CO2 storage site, Germany. Two of these sources (Vibsist 500 and Bobcat drop hammer) can be considered to be smaller and more affordable sources than those conventionally used in the seismic monitor surveys at Ketzin. In this study these smaller sources are compared to a larger more conventional Vibsist 3000 source. The subsurface target for the three sources in this comparison is the CO2 storage reservoir for the Ketzin site, located within the Triassic Stuttgart formation, which lies at a depth of approximately 600m/500ms. Two of the sources are Swept Impact (SIST) type courses (Vibsist 500 and 3000) which use hydraulic concrete breaking hammers. The third source uses a concrete breaking drop hammer tool mounted on a Bobcat loader. Data were collected along a 984m long profile with 24m receiver spacing and 12m shot spacing in 2011, 2012 and 2013 using the three different sources. A quantitative and qualitative comparison of the raw data from the three sources was performed in order to assess their relative performance. Frequency content, signal to noise ratio and penetration depth curves were calculated for the raw data. Data from the three sources was also processed using a conventional workflow to produce stacked sections which were compared. Based on the results from this study the Bobcat drop hammer source appears to perform better than the Vibsist 500 source. However both of the smaller sources were capable of producing good images of the target CO2 storage reservoir. Hence, both provide viable options as small affordable seismic sources for long term monitoring at the Ketzin site, or other shallow CO2 storage sites.
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| 17. |
- Sopher, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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A probabilistic assessment of the effective CO2 storage capacity within the Swedish sector of the Baltic Basin
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1750-5836 .- 1878-0148. ; 30, s. 148-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A regional assessment of the effective CO2 storage capacity within the Swedish Sector of the Baltic Sea Basin has been performed. Storage within several deep Cambrian sandstone aquifers, sealed by a thick sequence of Ordovician and Silurian limestone and marlstone, was investigated. Stratigraphic and structural traps were considered within the Faludden, Nar and Viklau reservoirs. Effective CO2 storage capacities and associated uncertainty were calculated probabilistically, using methods outlined by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Geological Survey. Detailed characterisation of porosity, reservoir thickness, top reservoir structure, CO2 density and storage efficiency factor was performed. A Monte Carlo approach was adopted to generate distributions of effective storage capacity for the scenarios considered. Within the study area, the most suitable structural trap is the S41/Dalders structure, located in the southeastern part of the Swedish sector, with estimated low, mid and high storage capacities of 85 Mt, 145 Mt and 224 Mt, respectively. The regional Faludden stratigraphic pinch out trap was assessed to have low, mid and high effective storage capacities of 4330 Mt, 5579 Mt and 6962 Mt, respectively. The storage capacity methodology outlined here, that includes estimates of uncertainties, may be easily adapted to other areas of interests for geological storage of CO2.
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| 18. |
- Sopher, Daniel
(författare)
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Characterization of the structure, stratigraphy and CO2 storage potential of the Swedish sector of the Baltic and Hanö Bay basins using seismic reflection methods
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An extensive multi-channel seismic dataset acquired between 1970 and 1990 by Oljeprospektering AB (OPAB) has recently been made available by the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU). This thesis summarizes four papers, which utilize this largely unpublished dataset to improve our understanding of the geology and CO2 storage capacity of the Baltic and Hanö Bay basins in southern Sweden.A range of new processing workflows were developed, which typically provide an improvement in the final stacked seismic image, when compared to the result obtained with the original processing. A method was developed to convert scanned images of seismic sections into SEGY files, which allows large amounts of the OPAB dataset to be imported and interpreted using modern software. A new method for joint imaging of multiples and primaries was developed, which is shown to provide an improvement in signal to noise for some of the seismic lines within the OPAB dataset. For the first time, five interpreted regional seismic profiles detailing the entire sedimentary sequence within these basins, are presented. Depth structure maps detailing the Outer Hanö Bay area and the deeper parts of the Baltic Basin were also generated. Although the overall structure and stratigraphy of the basins inferred from the reprocessed OPAB dataset are consistent with previous studies, some new observations have been made, which improve the understanding of the tectonic history of these basins and provide insight into how the depositional environments have changed throughout time. The effective CO2 storage potential within structural and stratigraphic traps is assessed for the Cambrian Viklau, När and Faludden sandstone reservoirs. A probabilistic methodology is utilized, which allows a robust assessment of the storage capacity as well as the associated uncertainty. The most favourable storage option in the Swedish sector of the Baltic Basin is assessed to be the Faludden stratigraphic trap, which is estimated to have a mid case (P50) storage capacity of 3390 Mt in the deeper part of the basin, where CO2 can be stored in a supercritical phase.
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| 19. |
- Sopher, Daniel
(författare)
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Converting scanned images of seismic reflection data into SEG-Y format
- 2018
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Ingår i: EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1865-0473 .- 1865-0481. ; 11:2, s. 241-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Archives across the world contain vast amounts of old or "vintage" seismic reflection data, which are largely inaccessible for geo-scientific research, due to the out-dated media on which they are stored. Despite the age of these data, they often have great potential to be of use in modern day research. It is often the case that seismic reflection data within these archives are only available as a processed stacked section, printed on paper or film. In this study, a method for the conversion (vectorization) of scanned images of stacked reflection seismic data to standard SEG-Y format is presented. The method addresses data displayed with a line denoting the waveform, where areas on one side of the baseline are shaded (i.e. wiggle trace, variable fill). The method provides an improvement on other published methods utilized within currently available academic software. Unlike previous studies, the method used to detect trace baselines and to detect and remove timelines on the seismic image is described in detail. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the performance of the method is presented, showing that an average trace-to-trace correlation coefficient of between 0.8 and 0.95 can be achieved for typical plotting styles. Finally, a case study where the method is applied to vectorize over 1700 km of land seismic data from the island of Gotland (Sweden) is presented.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Sopher, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the subsurface compressed air energy storage (CAES) potential on Gotland, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Earth Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-6280 .- 1866-6299. ; 78:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wind energy is an important field of development for the island of Gotland, Sweden, especially since the island has set targets to generate 100% of its energy from renewable sources by 2025. Due to the variability of wind conditions, energy storage will be an important technology to facilitate the continued development of wind energy on Gotland and ensure a stable and secure supply of electricity. In this study, the feasibility of utilizing the Middle Cambrian Faludden sandstone reservoir on Gotland for Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is assessed. Firstly, a characterization of the sandstone beneath Gotland is presented, which includes detailed maps of reservoir thickness and top reservoir structure. Analysis of this information shows that the properties of the Faludden sandstone and associated cap rock appear favorable for the application of CAES. Seven structural closures are identified below the eastern and southern parts of Gotland, which could potentially be utilized for CAES. Scoping estimates of the energy storage capacity and flow rate for these closures within the Faludden sandstone show that industrial scale CAES could be possible on Gotland.
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| 22. |
- Sopher, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Processing and interpretation of vintage 2D marine seismic data from the outer Hano Bay area, Baltic Sea
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Geophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-9851 .- 1879-1859. ; 95, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A grid of previously unpublished, vintage 2D marine seismic lines has been processed and interpreted to the east of Hano Bay, SW Baltic Sea. The 3200 km(2) study area lies on the transition between the Hand Bay Basin to the West and Baltic Synelcise to the East, NE of the Tornquist intra shield tectonic zone. Data from the NA79, NA80 and RW84 surveys were selected for this study from the extensive Oljeprospektering AB (OPAB) Baltic Sea dataset. New processing workflows have been developed for the data which focus on suppressing two significant forms of noise, namely multiple and side scattered noise. Deconvolution in the tau-p domain, parabolic radon demultiple and post stack deconvolution are shown to be effective at attenuating multiple noise, while FK filtering in shot and receiver gathers is effective at removing side scattered noise.The newly processed data were interpreted and a series of maps detailing the structure of the basement, Cambrian and Silurian/Paleozoic horizons were constructed. These maps differ significantly to previously published interpretations of the area. Within the study area, a region of significant Late Carboniferous/Early Permian transtensional faulting and Late Cretaceous inversion is mapped in detail. This structure would have exhibited normal offsets of up to 600 m before inversion with later inverted displacements of up to approximately 200 m in places. This feature appears to extend some 20 km to the SW of the study area to the major fault bounding the Christianso High. Based on the seismic interpretation, the area appears to have had a similar overall geological history as the adjacent Tornquist Zone to the SW.
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| 23. |
- Sopher, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative assessment of seismic source performance : Feasibility of small and affordable seismic sources for long term monitoring at the Ketzin CO2 storage site, Germany
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Geophysics. - 0926-9851 .- 1879-1859. ; 107, s. 171-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We apply a range of quantitative pre-stack analysis techniques to assess the feasibility of using smaller and cheaper seismic sources, than those currently used at the Ketzin CO2 storage site. Results from two smaller land sources are presented alongside those from a larger, more powerful source, typically utilized for seismic acquisition at the Ketzin. The geological target for the study is the Triassic Stuttgart Formation which contains a saline aquifer currently used for CO2 storage. The reservoir lies at a depth of approximately 630 m, equivalent to a travel time of 500 ms along the study profile. The three sources discussed in the study are the Vibsist 3000, Vibsist 500 (using industrial hydraulic driven concrete breaking hammers) and a drop hammer source. Data were collected for the comparison using the three sources in 2011, 2012 and 2013 along a 984 m long line with 24m receiver spacing and 12 m shot spacing. Initially a quantitative analysis is performed of the noise levels between the 3 surveys. The raw shot gathers are then analyzed quantitatively to investigate the relative energy output, signal to noise ratio, penetration depth, repeatability and frequency content for the different sources. The performance of the sources is also assessed based on stacked seismic sections. Based on the results from this study it appears that both of the smaller sources are capable of producing good images of the target reservoir and can both be considered suitable as lower cost, less invasive sources for use at the Ketzin site or other shallow CO2 storage projects. Finally, the results from the various pre-stack analysis techniques are discussed in terms of how representative they are of the final stacked sections.
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| 24. |
- Sopher, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The structure and stratigraphy of the sedimentary succession in the Swedish sector of the Baltic Basin : new insights from vintage 2D marine seismic data
- 2016
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Ingår i: Tectonophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1951 .- 1879-3266. ; 676, s. 90-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present five interpreted regional seismic profiles, describing the full sedimentary sequence across the Swedish sector of the Baltic Sea. The data for the study are part of an extensive and largely unpublished 2D seismic dataset acquired between 1970 and 1990 by the Swedish Oil Prospecting Company (OPAB). The Baltic Basin is an intracratonic basin located in northern Europe. Most of the Swedish sector of the basin constitutes the NW flank of a broad synclinal depression, the Baltic Basin. In the SW of the Swedish sector lies the Hand Bay Basin, formed by subsidence associated with inversion of the Tornquist Zone during the Late Cretaceous. The geological history presented here is broadly consistent with previously published works. We observe an area between the Hand Bay and the Baltic Basin where the Palaeozoic strata has been affected by transpression and subsequent inversion, associated with the Tornquist Zone during the late Carboniferous-Early Permian and Late Cretaceous, respectively. We propose that the Christianso High was a structural low during the Late Jurassic, which was later inverted in the Late Cretaceous. We suggest that a fan shaped feature in the seismic data, adjacent to the Christianso, Fault within the Hand Bay Basin, represents rapidly deposited, coarse-grained sediments eroded from the inverted Christianso High during the Late Cretaceous. We identify a number of faults within the deeper part of the Baltic Basin, which we also interpret to be transpressional in nature, formed during the Caledonian Orogeny in the Late Silurian-Early Devonian. East of Gotland a number of sedimentary structures consisting of Silurian carbonate reefs and Ordovician carbonate mounds, as well as a large Quaternary glacial feature are observed. Finally, we use the seismic interpretation to infer the structural and stratigraphic history of the Baltic and Hand Bay basins within the Swedish sector.
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| 25. |
- Xu, Zhuo, et al.
(författare)
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Radon-domain interferometric interpolation for reconstruction of the near-offset gap in marine seismic data
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Geophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-9851 .- 1879-1859. ; 151, s. 125-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In towed marine seismic data acquisition, a gap between the source and the nearest recording channel is typical. Therefore, extrapolation of the missing near-offset traces is often required to avoid unwanted effects in subsequent data processing steps. However, most existing interpolation methods perform poorly when extrapolating traces. Interferometric interpolation methods are one particular method that have been developed for filling in trace gaps in shot gathers. Interferometry-type interpolation methods differ from conventional interpolation methods as they utilize information from several adjacent shot records to fill in the missing traces. In this study, we aim to improve upon the results generated by conventional time-space domain interferometric interpolation by performing interferometric interpolation in the Radon domain, in order to overcome the effects of irregular data sampling and limited source-receiver aperture. We apply both time-space and Radon-domain interferometric interpolation methods to the Sigsbee2B synthetic dataset and a real towed marine dataset from the Baltic Sea with the primary aim to improve the image of the seabed through extrapolation into the near-offset gap. Radon-domain interferometric interpolation performs better at interpolating the missing near offset traces than conventional interferometric interpolation when applied to data with irregular geometry and limited source-receiver aperture. We also compare the interferometric interpolated results with those obtained using solely Radon transform (RT) based interpolation and show that interferometry-type interpolation performs better than solely RT-based interpolation when extrapolating the missing near-offset traces. After data processing, we show that the image of the seabed is improved by performing interferometry-type interpolation, especially when Radon-domain interferometric interpolation is applied.
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| 26. |
- Xu, Zhuo, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstruction of the near-offset gap in marine seismic data using seismic interferometric interpolation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geophysical Prospecting. - : WILEY. - 0016-8025 .- 1365-2478. ; 66:S1, s. 1-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In conventional seismic exploration, especially in marine seismic exploration, shot gathers with missing near-offset traces are common. Interferometric interpolation methods are one of a range of different methods that have been developed to solve this problem. Interferometric interpolation methods differ from conventional interpolation methods as they utilise information from multiples in the interpolation process. In this study, we apply both conventional interferometric interpolation (shot domain) and multi-domain interferometric interpolation (shot and receiver domain) to a synthetic and a real-towed marine dataset from the Baltic Sea with the primary aim of improving the image of the seabed by extrapolation of a near-offset gap. We utilise a matching filter after interferometric interpolation to partially mitigate artefacts and coherent noise associated with the far-field approximation and a limited recording aperture size. The results show that an improved image of the seabed is obtained after performing interferometric interpolation. In most cases, the results from multi-domain interferometric interpolation are similar to those from conventional interferometric interpolation. However, when the source-receiver aperture is limited, the multi-domain method performs better. A quantitative analysis for assessing the performance of interferometric interpolation shows that multi-domain interferometric interpolation typically performs better than conventional interferometric interpolation. We also benchmark the interpolated results generated by interferometric interpolation against those obtained using sparse recovery interpolation.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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