| 1. |
- Arekrans, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Innovation Management Issues in Barriers to Circular Economy
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current linear system of extract-produce-consume-dispose poses considerable challenges for achieving sustainability goals and will eventually lead to the depletion of non-renewable natural resources. Circular Economy (CE) is promoted as a possible sustainable way forward. The suggested transition questions society at large and the business-as-usual of existing firms in particular.Barriers to CE implementation have become a growing stream of literature across several sectors and relating to different levels of society. However, this emerging stream of research and how it handles issues of management appears not to be helpful to managers and organizations. This study is, therefore, a systematic review of the current state-of art of circular economy barriers where we scrutinize issues related to management. Attention is brought to matters concerning innovation in management, in particular, business model innovation and innovation ecosystems. Our findings suggest that these topics are indeed indicated as important in the CE literature, yet in very diverse ways depending on the studied case. Implications for future studies within CE are drawn, with suggested point of departure in innovation management topics.
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| 2. |
- Arekrans, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers to access-based consumption in the circular transition : A systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barriers to access-based consumption (ABC) have been extensively studied in different strands of literature. However, cumulative knowledge is not organized to date, and a comprehensive overview of barriers identified by empirical studies in diverse strands is lacking. Such a picture is essential for laying the ground for further change-oriented research and actual changes in practice. This article reports on the results of a systematic review on barriers to transitioning from ownership- to access-based consumption. The review focuses on the literature strands product-service systems, circular economy, sharing economy, and collaborative consumption. Through open and axial coding of 289 barriers reported in 45 empirical studies, we found 17 themes of barriers concerning consumers, business, and society. The analysis of the barriers reveals four significant insights important for the research and practitioner community:the overall experience of ABC and trust mechanisms need to be better understood;organizational aspects in traditional business need a system change;regulation plays a fundamental role in making ABC work for business, society, and sustainability; andsharing risks and experimentation for new learnings are necessary.These four major insights suggest that consumers need business and government to offer enabling conditions for ABC – spanning from raising awareness and understanding to improving user experience. Furthermore, businesses need governments to create the necessary structures to support ABC offerings – from decreasing risks to increasing incentives. How and which mechanisms can further facilitate circular behaviors is a salient topic for future investigations.
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| 3. |
- Catulli, Maurizio, et al.
(författare)
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A socio-technical experiment with a resource efficient product service system
- 2021
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a socio-technical experiment relating to a sustainable innovation project conducted in a protected niche or "living lab" and evaluates the ability of the experiment to generate learning and strategic direction. The study focused on a Product Service System (PSS) for renting infant mobility products to consumers. A PSS is a resource efficient system of products and services supported by networks and infrastructure. In the experiment, refurbished products were rented to 1044 families, with some products being reutilized three times. Learnings were generated through five stages: combining competences and resources, steering and facilitating change, engaging users at early stages, offering users opportunities to modify practices through trial and capturing and mediating mutual learning through knowledge co-creation. The observed environmental benefits included reduction of particulate plastic matter released into the environment and transportation of materials. Considerable barriers to the implementation of the PSS in the open market were identified, including attrition through loss or damage, product liability and consumer distrust in sharing products due to fear of contagion.
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| 4. |
- Gürdür, Didem, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Visual Analytics to Support the Service Design for Sustainable Mobility
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability, SusTech 2018. - : IEEE. - 9781538677919 ; , s. 84-89
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelligent transport system is a general term for the combined application of communication technologies, control and information processing for transport systems. Intelligent transport system covers all modes of transportation - including public transport - and all elements of the transportation system, such as the vehicle, infrastructure, and the driver. Integrated transport system allows a series of new unconventional solutions to improve the safety of the traffic and to satisfy transport requirements using new technologies. The service design of these systems, however, brings along different challenges.The process of service design requires the designers to engage with user behavior and understand the usage patterns related to the intelligent transport systems. Today, there are no well-developed methods to support this engagement. This paper suggests a data-oriented visual analytics approach to support designers in their decision-making processes, the implementation of successful services for sustainable, shared mobility service systems, and data-oriented approaches. Moreover, this paper discusses visual analytics as a tool to aid service designers by enabling real-time data analytics support.To this end, this paper summarizes the current literature on system innovation, challenges related to the design of these systems for sustainability and presents a shared and connected mobility service case study to illustrate the benefits of having visual analytics platforms for sustainable and intelligent transport systems. The study concludes that intuitive, data-oriented, interactive visual analytics approach has the potential to support service designers to create a coherent picture of the user in the service design process.
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| 5. |
- He, Lei, et al.
(författare)
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User participation dilemmas in the circular economy : An empirical study of Scandinavia's largest peer-to-peer product sharing platform
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 27, s. 975-985
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reusing material products via peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing is one of the circular economy (CE) strategies to fulfil consumer needs with minimised environmental impact and material consumption. However, adopting sharing practices challenges both societal normative behaviours as well as existing business models businesses. Previous studies grounded on stated answers about values, intentions and attitudes of users found several factors that impede the practice of sharing, even though users' needs were said to be satisfied. Nevertheless, few studies have looked at dilemmas that users face while engaging in sharing practices and how these inhibit their participation in CE solutions. This study addresses these discrepancies empirically in the context of P2P product sharing. Using a trust-ownership-need model, we investigated users' reviews (n=415) from an online P2P product sharing platform operating in Sweden and Norway. The data analysis method is a qualitative content analysis of the users' comments (from lessors or lessees). The results reveal the dilemmas that the platform users experience, i.e., information transparency, product pick-up and return arrangements, product quality, security, and user knowledge to operate the product. We argue that missing social presence in the virtual environment, low competence in sharing practice from lessees, and lax platform governance are contributing factors underlying the dilemmas. The research concludes with strategies for promoting user participation in sharing practice and optimising platforms to pursue CE's environmental promises.
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| 6. |
- Hesselgren, Mia, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Design strategies for exploring and bridging : Intersections of everyday life and decisionmaking for sustainability
- 2017
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings of the Design Management Academy. - Glasgow. - 9781912294114 ; , s. 189-205
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transitions of unsustainable everyday practices into more sustainable ones require new approaches to explore possible futures and encourage change. Trying new practices and experiencing alternative configurations of sociomaterial assemblages can increase reflexivity as well as assist in exploring potential futures. Design can assist in co-creating possible futures and bridging discussions about the preferred strategies to reach them. If sustainability is defined as an on-going process calling for dialogue, there could be potentials for using practice-based design research, and in particular co-design approaches, at the intersections of these dialogues. By analysing methods for reflexivity and collaboration in two design research projects within sustainable mobility, we here suggest design strategies for prototyping change at an individual level and communicating the experiences of such change to people with power to trigger and direct change. This may be particularly useful for addressing sustainability which both requires dealing with complex problems and extensive collaboration.
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| 7. |
- Kramers, Anna H, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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AaaS and MaaS for reduced environmental and climate impact of transport : Creating indicators to identify promising digital service innovations for reduced demand and optimized use of transport resources
- 2018
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Ingår i: ICT4S2018. 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Sustainability. - : EasyChair. ; 52, s. 137-152
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a set of indicators is presented that aim to identify promising service innovations for Accessibility as a Service (AaaS) and Mobility as a Service (MaaS); services that potentially can reduce the demand for transport and optimize use of transport infrastructure and vehicles in urban regions. The proposed indicators characterize service innovations from three different perspectives: 1) Is the service innovation environmentally sustainable? Does it reduce negative impacts on the environment (reduce carbon emissions, use of space), 2) Is it rewardable? Is value created for an organization? Does it make use of new sustainable business models, and 3) How widely is the service spread? How many users are there, what is the geographic distribution and what level of societal transition has occurred? The developed indicators are meant to guide policy makers, decision makers, business developers and academia in the prioritizations that need to be made when allocating land and resources to the most promising and powerful innovations, moving towards more environmentally friendly mobility and accessibility. The next step will be to test the indicators to identify and categorize existing and emerging new services, ideas, pilots and prototypes. The results of this second step will be presented in our next article.
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| 8. |
- Malakhatka, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Co-Creating Service Concepts for the Built Environment Based on the End-User's Daily Activities Analysis : KTH Live-in-Lab Explorative Case Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to synthesize the widely used theories about co-creation from two main perspectives: co-creation as an innovation process and co-creation as a design process applied to the service concept design in the built environment context. The architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry do not have much application of end-user-oriented service design in general, especially with intensive co-creation processes. To facilitate such a process, we are using a living lab environment as a laboratorial model of the real built environment, but with the opportunity to have access to the end-users and different types of stakeholders. Using the KTH Live-in-Lab explorative case study, we were able to discuss the concept of co-creation by distinguishing between co-creation as innovation and co-creation as a design process, facilitating the process of co-creation of service concepts for the proposed built environment including methods from both perspectives: innovation and design, and evaluating the process of service concepts co-creation for the built environment from the point of innovation, knowledge transfer, sustainability, and user experience.
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| 9. |
- Sopjani, Liridona, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic map for classifying studies on barriers related to circular economy, sharing economy, collaborative consumption, and product-service systems
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th European Roundtable for Sustainable Consumption and Production (ERSCP 2019) Institute for Sustainability Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, 15-18 October 2019. - 9788409168927
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The linear paradigm of take-make-dispose in production and consumption threatens global sustainability goals. Strategies for looping resources (e.g. as proposed in circular economy) have been discussed as a promising future, but not without a number of challenges or barriers in the transition phase. Consequently, barriers for realizing such strategies is a prominent topic in an increasing number of empirical studies. Following this trend, several of meta studies have compiled the barriers found in the literature, trying to summarize and generalize them; while others have cited or assumed the existence of a specific barrier and proposed a solution to overcome it. However, understanding of what type of barrier related to what type of circular strategy (e.g. reuse, remanufacture, recycle) is limited because scholars of emerging scientific areas use different concepts and language to frame their findings. Moreover, the fact that contextual factors may play an important role concerning the presence or absence of a specific barrier has been overlooked. Without a common framework to organize the findings, isolated knowledge does not cumulate. In this study, we developed a systematic map for classifying studies on barriers related to the emerging fields of circular economy, sharing economy, collaborative consumption and product-service systems. The purpose is to, first, classify and consolidate research knowledge in order to analyze the progress in these four research paradigms, and second, to provide a searchable database for future more rigorous systematic literature reviews. Five hundred and twenty-seven publications published between 2003 and January 2019 available in Scopus were reviewed and classified in a fine level of granularity, including whether barriers are the focus of the publication, how the barriers were identified by the publication (e.g. empirically, assumed, indirectly mentioned), whether the publication discuss or test a solution, the method used (e.g. case study, survey, interviews) and data source (primary, secondary). The systematic map helped to identify relevant contextual factors for one or a set of barriers in single empirical study, such as the circular strategy, geographical context, (i.e. country), level of analysis (e.g. business model, governance, product, user), and sector (e.g. accommodation, clothing, transport, electronics). Further, the map is an open source adaptive framework serving also as a digital database for researchers alike for extracting knowledge and contributing further to its development, through input and collaboration.
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| 10. |
- Sopjani, Liridona, et al.
(författare)
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Aligning private and public domains for sustainable disruptive innovation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings og 17th International CINet Conference. - Turin.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the constellation of various actors from private and publicsectors represented by three companies, a municipality, a non-profitorganization, a research lab and users to collaborate on bringing forward asustainability driven disruptive innovation. The purpose of the paper is toinvestigate how the various actors’ interests and contributions influence themanagement of the collaboration setup and what barriers and enablers boost orimpede the outcome of the setup, i.e. deploying an innovation with sustainabilitypromise. We argue that the alignment of diverse actors’ interests and aims forthe innovation in collaborative settings is crucial for the collaboration to lead todesirable outcomes. However, only alignment at an abstract level cannot ensuresuccess even when actors bring competencies that balance the innovationrequirements. Rather, creating cohesion and commitment of all actorssimultaneously at a concrete level is necessary. The integration of newapproaches to collaboration such as design methods may strengthencommitment despite actors coming from different organizational cultures andtraditions.
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| 11. |
- Sopjani, Liridona, et al.
(författare)
-
Co-creation with diverse actors for sustainability innovation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED17), Vol. 8: Human Behaviour in Design, Vancouver, Canada, 21.-25.08.2017. - Vancouver.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability driven innovations differ from current established technologies imposing newrequirements on users and often interdependent with other actors’ changes. Strategic Niche Management(SNM) stresses interactions between actors through niches i.e. protected spaces for experimentation tosupport innovation. However, it is unclear what activities are necessary when different actors areinvolved in developing and diffusing sustainability innovation. This paper aims at identifying activitiescrucial for sustainability innovation in an implemented mobility project. The results show that cocreationthrough iterations and reflections by combinations of diverse actors and users can be considereda core process for sustainability innovation. Six activities are identified as critical: matching theinterdependencies by combining the actors’ diverse competences and resources; facilitating to steer thegroup of actors into actions; engaging users at early stages of innovation; trying to drive change byoffering the users an opportunity; co-creating through a multitude of actors with the development andusage simultaneously; steering and facilitating to enable co-creation.
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| 12. |
- Sopjani, Liridona, et al.
(författare)
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Involving users and user roles in the transition to sustainable mobility systems : The case of light electric vehicle sharing in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 71, s. 207-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-carbon mobility alternatives, such as shared services integrating light electric vehicles, support transitions to sustainable transport systems. However, new products and services are not enough, as changes must also incorporate the practices of travelling, infrastructure, and mobility cultures in which users of mobility solutions are core stakeholders. This paper argues that userinvolvement is necessary in sustainable innovation processes but that the expected diversity of user roles and their involvement can also lead to contrasting outcomes for sustainable innovation transitions. Guided by theory in user involvement, this study investigated users and nonusers of light electric vehicles in a sharing mobility service system set up as living lab in two large workplaces in Sweden. Fifty-one interviews with employees at the workplaces were conducted during the implementation process and analysed combined with a questionnaire and data from system tracking through sensor technology. The paper finds that both users and non-users are co-creators in building momentum for sustainable mobility alternatives and provides a spectrum of user roles with defined characteristics. Four roles are distinguished within this spectrum: vigilant users, passive collaborators, active decision makers and ambassadors. We suggest that a convergent activation strategy is deployed for involving a full spectrum of users in order to capture their insights in ways that positively affect transition. Such a strategy addresses users and non-users as part of decision-making concerning alternatives and cultivates a culture of user collaboration, while also enabling a plurality of contributions in order to challenge existing regimes and established practices among individuals
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| 13. |
- Sopjani, Liridona, et al.
(författare)
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Shared mobility services versus private car : Implications of changes in everyday life
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing private car commuting is necessary for decarbonisation of cities; meanwhile, new shared mobility services provide an alternative to cars for daily commuting proposing a transition of user behaviour towards more sustainable mobility practices. In this paper, we investigate changes in everyday life practices when private car commuting is replaced with a shared mobility alternative, integrating lightweight small size electric vehicles (LEVs) in a peer-to-peer shared mobility service. Through a living lab experiment, a long-term empirical study with 16 individual households in Sweden was conducted employing a mixed methods approach. Using social practice theory as an analytical lens, we interrogate in depth the process of change in users’ everyday lives to understand challenges in integrating shared mobility services into everyday practice, and the implications for transition towards sustainable mobility practices from a user's everyday life point of view. The results show that a new mobility service can play a role in reconfiguring the meaning of private car commuting in terms of its related impacts, as well as increase knowledge and trust in sustainable alternatives. However, integrating shared mobility services in everyday practices showed that it became difficult to manage after six months, particularly for users with children. Our study demonstrates that current everyday life logistics, time affluence, and effort requirements are critical variables for enabling practice changes towards more sustainable mobility alternatives, such as a light electric vehicle sharing service. To enable people to reduce private car use, a more integrated and systemic design approach is needed for alternatives to become competitive with the notion of cars in everyday mobility.
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| 14. |
- Sopjani, Liridona, 1990-
(författare)
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Sharing The Design Authorship Of Sustainability : Towards co-creation of sustainable transport systems and practices
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Any separation between technology and society can be claimed to be artificial. Technological material systems are intertwined with human everyday life practices and ways of living, values, and belief systems. When we design and develop new technological systems, we are also designing opportunities for new daily living practices to emerge. The involvement of people for whom new sustainable systems are intended, and who will be using and consuming the novel systems, is therefore crucial for industry and societies aspiring to reduce carbon emissions, energy use, and overconsumption of material resources. People are not just a resource for design, nor are they merely users or consumers of technology. Rather, they are knowing and changing subjects with complex everyday lives, who can (re)format the existing unsustainable systems towards sustainable ones in multiple ways and through multiple identities and roles. People are co-creators in the modes of living and the technological systems supporting them. This dissertation is about co-creation, a design and development approach that seeks to share the design authorship of sustainability and drive collective transition. The purpose of this inquiry is to study how multiple actors can co-creatively design and develop sustainable systems, and the potential of the outcomes to support transition. The context of the study is primarily transportation systems as socially-critical systems supporting everyday living. Socially-critical systems imply those products, services, and technologies upon which human everyday life activities depend. The study takes an interdisciplinary perspective by bridging participatory, democratic, and inclusive design approaches and innovation studies to develop theory towards co-creation of new sustainable systems. Six individual papers are appended presenting empirical results from three research cases set up as living laboratories in real living and working environments, involving multiple private and public actors. A mixed-method research approach using both qualitative and quantitative methods has been employed to gather and analyse empirical data. Six main findings are discussed: 1) The form of involvement defines who co-creates new sustainable systems; 2) Both users and non-users contribute to co-creating new sustainable systems at various intensities; 3) Users are driven by similar concerns as developers to co-create new sustainable systems; 4) Common design language aligns co-creation process and actors; 5) Co-creation generates learning and strategic direction; and 6) Co-creation immerses people in behavioural changes by exposing them to the possibilities for change. Based on the findings, three main conclusions are drawn: first, that people can be involved in new systems in various ways whether or not they are users of the system. Through their use or non-use practices, people can give direction to new sustainable systems, and through every involved or uninvolved person, a new system is affected both positively and negatively; thus, both users and non-users co-create sustainable systems. This thesis finds that involvement in co-creation is neither binary nor a one- time occurrence. Rather, it is a spectrum of varying intensities regarding how individuals immerse themselves in and throughout a process. The second conclusion is that co-creation generates multi-dimensional learning and strategic direction for all involved parties. In addition, it immerses people in behavioural changes by exposing them to possibilities for change, thus building trust in new energy-efficient and carbon-reducing alternatives, validating the logistical workability of new sustainable systems and its true impacts, and stimulating further engagement in new sustainable system development. Thirdly, the co- creation approach is still new in practice and proves challenging from a managerial standpoint when common visions and objectives are not sufficient to align stakeholders. The results suggest that common design language, which uses both cognitive and physical tools to facilitate co- creation among users and stakeholders, supports co-creation by aligning both actors and the process. Finally, this thesis provides empirical support that people can be meaningfully involved in creating opportunities and possibilities for change, which challenge the present mechanisms used to influence societal behavioural changes, e.g. incentives and nudging. It suggests that design can foster the presence of people for whom the designed systems are intended, and do so in places where they are contextualised, e.g., installation of proto-designs in real living/working environments. Through involvement of diverse users and non-users, co-creation shows to be quite necessary not only to develop new transport systems, but also to increase the accessibility of sustainable transport innovations. Increased involvement in design and development of new systems could serve to delegitimise participation in the old systems.
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| 15. |
- Sopjani, Liridona, et al.
(författare)
-
Unlocking the Linear Lock-In: Mapping Research on Barriers to Transition
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 12:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The linear paradigm of take-make-dispose in production and consumption patterns impedes the achievement of global sustainability goals. Strategies for maintaining the added value of resources and circulating them have been discussed as promising for the future. There are, however, many barriers to be addressed to overcome the linear lock-in. The large body of literature on these barriers is notably diverse in terms of theory, methods, sectors, products, and settings. This demonstrates the complexity of delineating implications to the practice and research needs. Without a common framework to analyse barriers, knowledge does not accumulate, hindering the development and implementation of solutions and policies that could effectively address the barriers. In this article, we developed a systematic map of studies on barriers related to the circular transition. The purpose was twofold: (1) to classify published research on barriers; (2) to provide a searchable database for future more rigorous systematic literature reviews. We reviewed the abstract of 527 publications and classified the study according to a developed scheme. This classification scheme includes the research paradigms (circular economy, sharing economy, collaborative consumption and product-service systems), circular strategy (recycling, remanufacturing, component/product reuse, and access-based consumption), country, sector/industry/product, and research approach and method. The resulting research map is open source, serving also as an adaptive digital database for researchers alike to perform systematic reviews and contribute further to its collaborative development
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| 16. |
- Sopjani, Liridona, et al.
(författare)
-
User involvement in disruptive innovation – A study on users of a light electric vehicle sharing system
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 23rd Innovation and Product Development Management Conference. - Glasgow.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the extent to which user involvement in disruptive innovationinfluences the users in terms of their experiences when exposed to such innovation fora period of time. The study is conducted in an on-going research project undertaken incollaboration with academia and private stakeholders, which is developing andimplementing a product-service system for light electric vehicles. This solution isenvironmentally driven and new in two ways: it integrates a different type of vehicleand introduces a new service concept i.e. the caretaker concept. The users are studiedwhile they interact with the innovation in their own environments, where emphasishas been placed on the experiences of these users when disruptive innovations as suchare introduced into their everyday life. Data from the first seven users (caretakers)were collected through a survey and semi-structured interviews over two periods oftime, from which early user characteristics are presented and user experiences whendeploying disruptive innovations, as well as enablers and barriers for integrating theseinto daily life. As disruptive innovations tend to redefine or restructure markettrajectories to some extent, understanding these user segments and their experiencedenablers and barriers may facilitate the creation of better strategies on how to makethese innovations more desirable for society at large. Findings suggest that userinvolvement positively influences users experiences toward adapting to new ideaswith regards to mobility.
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