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| 9. |
- Ruilope, LM, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Baseline Characteristics of the Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease Trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: American journal of nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9670 .- 0250-8095. ; 50:5, s. 345-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. <b><i>Patients and</i></b> <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥25 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 to ≤5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level α = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049.
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| 11. |
- Hartley, Philippa, et al.
(författare)
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SKA Science Data Challenge 2: analysis and results
- 2023
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 523:2, s. 1967-1993
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) will explore the radio sky to new depths in order to conduct transformational science. SKAO data products made available to astronomers will be correspondingly large and complex, requiring the application of advanced analysis techniques to extract key science findings. To this end, SKAO is conducting a series of Science Data Challenges, each designed to familiarize the scientific community with SKAO data and to drive the development of new analysis techniques. We present the results from Science Data Challenge 2 (SDC2), which invited participants to find and characterize 233 245 neutral hydrogen (H i) sources in a simulated data product representing a 2000 h SKA-Mid spectral line observation from redshifts 0.25-0.5. Through the generous support of eight international supercomputing facilities, participants were able to undertake the Challenge using dedicated computational resources. Alongside the main challenge, 'reproducibility awards' were made in recognition of those pipelines which demonstrated Open Science best practice. The Challenge saw over 100 participants develop a range of new and existing techniques, with results that highlight the strengths of multidisciplinary and collaborative effort. The winning strategy - which combined predictions from two independent machine learning techniques to yield a 20 per cent improvement in overall performance - underscores one of the main Challenge outcomes: that of method complementarity. It is likely that the combination of methods in a so-called ensemble approach will be key to exploiting very large astronomical data sets.
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| 12. |
- Woodcock, B. A., et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis reveals that pollinator functional diversity and abundance enhance crop pollination and yield
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How insects promote crop pollination remains poorly understood in terms of the contribution of functional trait differences between species. We used meta-analyses to test for correlations between community abundance, species richness and functional trait metrics with oilseed rape yield, a globally important crop. While overall abundance is consistently important in predicting yield, functional divergence between species traits also showed a positive correlation. This result supports the complementarity hypothesis that pollination function is maintained by non-overlapping trait distributions. In artificially constructed communities (mesocosms), species richness is positively correlated with yield, although this effect is not seen under field conditions. As traits of the dominant species do not predict yield above that attributed to the effect of abundance alone, we find no evidence in support of the mass ratio hypothesis. Management practices increasing not just pollinator abundance, but also functional divergence, could benefit oilseed rape agriculture.
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| 13. |
- Yang, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Tuning Catalytic Activity of Ni-Co Nanoparticles Synthesized by Gamma-Radiolytic Reduction of Acetate Aqueous Solutions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2196-7350. ; 10:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition metal-based catalysts show great potential to replace Pt-based material in energy conversion devices thanks to their low cost, reasonable intrinsic activity, thermodynamic stability, and corrosion resistance. The electrochemical performance of such catalysts is sensitive to their composition and structure. Here, it is demonstrated that homogeneous alloy nanoparticles with varying Ni-to-Co ratio and controlled structure can be synthesized from aqueous Ni(Co) acetate solutions using a facile gamma-radiolytic reduction method. The obtained samples are found to possess defects that are ordered to form polytypes structures. The concentration of these defects depends on the Ni-to-Co ratio, as supported by the results of ab initio calculations. It is found that structural defects may influence the activity of catalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction, while this effect is less pronounced with respect to the oxygen reduction reaction. At the same time, the activity of Ni-Co catalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction is affected by formation of Ni-OH bonds on the surface rather than by the presence of structural defects. This study demonstrates that the composition of Ni-Co nanoparticles is an essential factor affecting their structure, and both composition and structure can be tuned to optimize electrochemical performance with respect to various catalytic reactions.
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| 14. |
- Korzhavyi, Pavel A., 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring configurational degrees of freedom in disordered solids
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2018 (ICCMSE 2018). - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 9780735417663
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent computational modeling studies of configurational degrees of freedom in oxide-hydroxides of aluminum and copper are reviewed. Density functional theory calculations are employed to investigate the effect of hydrogen on the structural stability of gamma-alumina and to explore the configurational space of cuprous hydroxide CuOH. Free energy modeling, taking into account configurational and vibrational degrees of freedom, shows that the studied hydrogenated oxides of aluminum and copper are metastable compounds, whereas the respective oxides are thermodynamically stable phases. Selected structural and optical properties of the studied compounds, evaluated using a hybrid functional approach, are reported and compared with available experimental data.
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| 15. |
- Korzhavyi, Pavel A., 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring monovalent copper compounds with oxygen and hydrogen
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 109:3, s. 686-689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New important applications of copper metal, e.g., in the areas of hydrogen production, fuel cell operation, and spent nuclear fuel disposal, require accurate knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of stable and metastable copper compounds. Among the copper(I) compounds with oxygen and hydrogen, cuprous oxide Cu(2)O is the only one stable and the best studied. Other such compounds are less known (CuH) or totally unknown (CuOH) due to their instability relative to the oxide. Here we combine quantum-mechanical calculations with experimental studies to search for possible compounds of monovalent copper. Cuprous hydride (CuH) and cuprous hydroxide (CuOH) are proved to exist in solid form. We establish the chemical and physical properties of these compounds, thereby filling the existing gaps in our understanding of hydrogen- and oxygen-related phenomena in Cu metal.
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| 16. |
- Korzhavyi, Pavel A., 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamics of stable and metastable Cu-O-H compounds
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We apply density functional perturbation theory together with experimental studies in order to investigate the structure and physical properties of possible stable and metastable copper(I) compounds with oxygen and hydrogen. Copper(I) hydride, CuH, is found to be a metastable phase which decomposes at ambient conditions and exhibiting a semiconducting gap in the electronic spectrum. The calculated structure and phonon spectra are found to be in good agreement with experimental data. The phonon spectra of a novel metastable phase, copper(I) hydroxide, are also determined.
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| 17. |
- Kvashnina, Kristina O., et al.
(författare)
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In situ X-ray absorption study of copper films in ground water solutions
- 2007
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Ingår i: Chemical Physics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 447:1-3, s. 54-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study illustrates how the damage from copper corrosion can be reduced by modifying the chemistry of the copper surface environment. The surface modification of oxidized copper films induced by chemical reaction with Cl− and in aqueous solutions was monitored by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results show that corrosion of copper can be significantly reduced by adding even a small amount of sodium bicarbonate. The studied copper films corroded quickly in chloride solutions, whereas the same solution containing 1.1 mM prevented or slowed down the corrosion processes.
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| 18. |
- Li, Yunguo, et al.
(författare)
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Bond Network Topology and Antiferroelectric Order in Cuprice CuOH
- 2015
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 54:18, s. 8969-8977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using density functional theory (DFT) and a graph theory based approach, we investigated the topology of bond network in CuOH(s) (cuprice) considering only symmetry-distinct structures. In parallel, we conducted the synthesis and X-ray diffraction characterization of the compound and used the combined theoretical-experimental effort to validate the lowest energy structure obtained with DFT. The ground-state structure of CuOH(s) consists of compact trilayers of CuOH connected to each other via hydrogen bonds, where the inner layer of each trilayer is composed entirely of Cu atoms. Each trilayer is a dense fabric made of two interlocked arrays of polymer [CuOH]n chains. This structure corresponds to an antiferroelectric configuration where the dipole moments of CuOH molecules belonging to adjacent arrays are antiparallel and are arranged in the same way as the water molecules in ice-VIII. It is shown that a collective electrostatic interaction is the main driving force for the cation ordering while the local atomic configuration is maintained. These findings and the possibility of synthesizing exfoliated two-dimensional cuprice are important for some technological applications.
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| 21. |
- Lousada, Claudio Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Gamma radiation induces hydrogen absorption by copper in water
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most intricate issues of nuclear power is the long-term safety of repositories for radioactive waste. These repositories can have an impact on future generations for a period of time orders of magnitude longer than any known civilization. Several countries have considered copper as an outer corrosion barrier for canisters containing spent nuclear fuel. Among the many processes that must be considered in the safety assessments, radiation induced processes constitute a key-component. Here we show that copper metal immersed in water uptakes considerable amounts of hydrogen when exposed to γ-radiation. Additionally we show that the amount of hydrogen absorbed by copper depends on the total dose of radiation. At a dose of 69 kGy the uptake of hydrogen by metallic copper is 7 orders of magnitude higher than when the absorption is driven by H2(g) at a pressure of 1 atm in a non-irradiated dry system. Moreover, irradiation of copper in water causes corrosion of the metal and the formation of a variety of surface cavities, nanoparticle deposits, and islands of needle-shaped crystals. Hence, radiation enhanced uptake of hydrogen by spent nuclear fuel encapsulating materials should be taken into account in the safety assessments of nuclear waste repositories.
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| 22. |
- Schuch, Reinhold, et al.
(författare)
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Guiding of highly charged ions through insulating nanocapillaries
- 2008
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Ingår i: Canadian journal of physics (Print). - 0008-4204 .- 1208-6045. ; 86:1, s. 327-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The guiding of highly charged ions through nanocapillaries in different insulating materials, such as polyethylene terephthalate, SiO2, and Al2O3 has been investigated by our group, using 7 keV Ne7+ ions. We find transmission of ions incident at angles larger than the angle given by the capillary aspect ratio in all these materials. The measured angular distributions, however, vary with the membrane material. In this report we compare the experimental findings with the different membranes.
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| 23. |
- Soroka, Inna, et al.
(författare)
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Element-specific magnetic moments in bcc Fe81Ni19/Co superlattices
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 72:13, s. 134409-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The magnetic moments in bcc Fe81Ni19/Co(001) superlattices with the individual layer thickness of 2-6 monolayers were studied by means of soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. It was found that the magnetic moment was enhanced in the Fe81Ni19 layer by about 0.35 mu(B)/atom as compared to the bulk value, while the Co moment remained unaffected by the presence of interfaces. The extension of the region with the high Fe81Ni19 moment in our samples was found to be at least 3 monolayers from the interfaces. Possible sources of the Fe81Ni19 moment enhancement were considered in ab initio calculations, and it was concluded that the enhanced moment may be explained by intermixing and formation of a B2-type short-range order at the interfaces.
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| 24. |
- Soroka, Inna L., et al.
(författare)
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Cuprous hydroxide in a solid form : does it exist?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : RSC Publishing. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 42:26, s. 9585-9594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental studies have been performed to obtain the unknown cuprous hydroxide compound, which has recently been predicted theoretically (P. A. Korzhavyi et. al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2012, 109, 686-689) to be metastable in a solid form. The reduction of Cu2+ with ferrous ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) results in the formation of a yellow powder precipitate whose composition corresponds to CuOH x H2O as probed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and cryogenic X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). A similar compound has been found on the surface of Cu-CuH powder stored in water, as detected by XPS. The reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ with free radicals in aqueous solutions results in a Cu2O precipitate as the final product, while the formation of the yellow cuprous hydroxide colloids may be an intermediate step. Our studies reveal that cuprous hydroxide does exist in a solid form and most likely has a hydrated form, CuOH x H2O.
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| 25. |
- Soroka, Inna L., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of synthesis temperature on the morphology and stability of copper(I) hydride nanoparticles
- 2013
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Ingår i: CrystEngComm. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1466-8033. ; 15:42, s. 8450-8460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of synthesis temperature on the morphology and stability of copper(I) hydride nanoparticles is studied. Monovalent copper hydride is obtained by reduction of Cu2+ sulfate with hypophosphorous acid at temperatures ranging from 45 degrees C to 75 degrees C. The CuH nanoparticles that formed have the shape of desert roses and are found to be very porous. The lattice parameter, size, and morphology of these nanoparticles depend on the synthesis temperature. CuH is a metastable compound. In air under ambient conditions, it first decomposes into copper metal and hydrogen gas and then the copper oxidizes. The copper particles that are left after the decomposition of copper(I) hydride in air have the same desert-rose morphology as the CuH nanoparticles. The copper particles with desert-rose shapes are observed for the first time. Copper(I) hydride decomposes slower in an aqueous environment than in air to form copper(I) oxide as the final product through formation of hydrated copper(I) hydroxide as an intermediate phase. The retarded decomposition of CuH in water may be explained by the formation of a protective CuOH center dot H2O layer on the surface of copper(I) hydride.
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