| 1. |
- Arnqvist, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D status in longstanding type 1 diabetes and controls. Association with upper extremity impairments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : UPSALA MED SOC. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 128:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with type 1 diabetes have a high prevalence of upper extremity impairments (UEIs), such as frozen shoulder, carpal tunnel syndrome, and trigger finger. The UEIs are strongly associated with activity limitations and impaired quality of life. The etiology of the UEI is not clear. Vitamin D deficiency has been considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and in the development of macro- and microvascular complications in diabetes. Aim: To characterize vitamin D status in a large population of patients with type 1 diabetes, if vitamin D deficiency is associated with metabolic factors and possible association with UEI. Material and methods: Patients who diagnosed before 35 years of age, whose diabetes duration >20 years, and who are not older than 65 years were invited to participate in this cross-sectional case-control, multicenter study. Controls matched for age and sex were obtained from the national population registry. Fasting blood samples were collected and stored at -80 degrees C until analyzed regarding 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D3) by a liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method (LC-MS/MS). Results: Vitamin D levels varied with season as expected in the northern hemisphere. The association between 25(OH)D3 and clinical variables was analyzed in a univariate general linear model, which indicated no difference in 25(OH)D3 in men with and without diabetes but higher values in women with diabetes. About 30% of both patients and controls had vitamin D deficiency (=50 nmol/L). Analyzed by binary logistic regression UEIs was not associated with 25(OH)D3 levels. In both patients and controls, 25(OH)D3 was correlated to apolipoprotein A1 (r = 0.153; 0.220, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In patients with type 1 diabetes and a duration of 20 years or more, vitamin D level is not lower than in nondiabetic controls and is not associated with UEIs.
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| 2. |
- Artursson, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Variable reduction on electronic tongue data
- 2002
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Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 452:2, s. 255-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduction of the number of variables in data from a so-called electronic tongue contributes to simpler model calculations and less storage requirements. In this study, we have developed a model for this purpose. This model describes the response from the electrodes in the electronic tongue with two exponential functions plus a constant term, i(t) = k + kf e-ta + kc e-tß, where t is the time. From the model, five parameters which describe the signal are extracted. These parameters can be used as inputs instead of the original signal to any multivariate algorithm. The results show that the variables obtained are at least as good as the original data to separate between different classes, even though the number of parameters has been reduced between 80 and 199 times. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Holmin, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Compression of electronic tongue data based on voltammetry - A comparative study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 76:1-3, s. 455-464
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, three data compression methods are investigated to determine their ability to reduce large data sets obtained by a voltammetric electronic tongue without loss of information, since compressed data sets will save data storage and computational time. The electronic tongue is based on a combination of non-specific sensors and pattern recognition tools, such as principal component analysis (PCA). A series of potential pulses of decreasing amplitude are applied to one working electrode at a time and resulting current transients are collected at each potential step. Voltammograms containing up to 8000 variables are subsequently obtained. The methods investigated are wavelet transformation (WT) and hierarchical principal component analysis (HPCA). Also, a new chemical/physical model based on voltammetric theory is developed in order to extract interesting features of the current transients, revealing different information about species in solutions. Two model experiments are performed, one containing solutions of different electroactive compounds and the other containing complex samples, such as juices from fruits and tomatoes. It is shown that WT and HPCA compress the data sets without loss of information, and the chemical/physical model improves the separations slightly. HPCA is able to compress the two data sets to the largest extent, from 8000 to 16 variables. When data sets are scaled to unit variance, the separation ability improves even further for HPCA and the chemical/physical model. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 4. |
- Jirstrand, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A Linear Programming Approach to the Design of Thermostat Controllers of Interconnected Thermal Systems
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 37th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 0780343948 ; , s. 449-454, s. 47-54
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how to tune the thermostat hysteresis for a system of interconnected thermal processes. Using linear programming techniques and the worst-case analysis we compute switch levels for the controller to make the system stay close to the desired temperature levels. Both the cases with and without amplitude bounded disturbances are treated. The same technique can also be applied to a system of interconnected tanks despite the fact that such a system is nonlinear.
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| 5. |
- Jirstrand, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A Negative Result on Piecewise Quadratic Lyapunov Functions for Decay Rate Analysis
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 38th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. - 0780352505 ; , s. 2312-2313 vol.3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the advent of efficient methods for solving linear matrix inequality (LMI) problems has yielded a new interesting class of Lyapunov functions, the piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions, subject to efficient computation. This class has shown promise, e.g. in the stability analysis of hybrid systems. In this paper, we describe one example that we have analyzed in order to investigate how LMI methods and piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions can be used to iteratively synthesize a switched control law in order to obtain an improved decay rate. The example shows that piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions are not sufficient to analyze the decay rate of a piecewise affine system, given that the partitioning used in the Lyapunov function is the same as in the piecewise affine system. As noted in other performance analysis examples, a finer partitioning is needed
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| 6. |
- Lindgren, David, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Feature Extraction Algorithm for Asymmetric Classification
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A linear feature extraction technique for asymmetric distributions is introduced, the asymmetric class projection (ACP). By emph {asymmetric classification} is understood discrimination among distributions with different covariance matrices. Two distributions with unequal covariance matrices do not in general have a symmetry plane, a fact that makes the analysis more difficult compared to the symmetric case. The ACP is similar to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in the respect that both aim at extracting discriminating features (linear combinations or projections) from many variables. However, the drawback of the well known LDA is the assumption of symmetric classes with separated centroids. The ACP, incontrast, works on (two) possibly concentric distributions with unequal covariance matrices. The ACP is tested on data from anarray of semiconductor gas sensors with the purpose of distinguish bad grain from good.
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| 7. |
- Lindgren, David, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Feature Extraction Algorithm for Asymmetric Classification
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE Sensors Council. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 4, s. 643-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A linear feature extraction technique for asymmetric distributions is introduced, the asymmetric class projection (ACP). By emph {asymmetric classification} is understood discrimination among distributions with different covariance matrices. Two distributions with unequal covariance matrices do not in general have a symmetry plane, a fact that makes the analysis more difficult compared to the symmetric case. The ACP is similar to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in the respect that both aim at extracting discriminating features (linear combinations or projections) from many variables. However, the drawback of the well known LDA is the assumption of symmetric classes with separated centroids. The ACP, incontrast, works on (two) possibly concentric distributions with unequal covariance matrices. The ACP is tested on data from anarray of semiconductor gas sensors with the purpose of distinguish bad grain from good.
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| 8. |
- Lindgren, David, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Feature Extraction Algorithm for Asymmetric Classification II
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A linear feature extraction technique for asymmetric distributions is introduced, the asymmetric class projection (ACP). By asymmetric classification is understood discrimination among distributions with different covariance matrices. Two distributions with unequal covariance matrices do not in general have a symmetry plane, a fact that makes the analysis more difficult compared to the symmetric case. The ACP is similar to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in the respect that both aim at extracting discriminating features (linear combinations or projections) from many variables. However, the drawback of the well known LDA is the assumption of symmetric classes with separated centroids. The ACP, incontrast, works on (two) possibly concentric distributions with unequal covariance matrices. The ACP is tested on data from anarray of semiconductor gas sensors with the purpose of distinguish bad grain from good.
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| 9. |
- Pogromsky, A. Yu., et al.
(författare)
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On Stability and Passivity of a Class of Hybrid Systems
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 37th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 0780343948 ; , s. 3705-3710 vol.4
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper deals with the stabilizability and passifiability properties of a class of hybrid dynamical systems. The systems under consideration are composed of a continuous time invariant plant and discrete event controller. An algebraic criterion for existence of a Lyapunov function for a piecewise linear system is given. Based on these results some passifiability issues are considered.
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| 10. |
- Spångéus, Per, et al.
(författare)
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An LMI based Method for Safety Controller Design
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 38th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. - 0780352505 ; , s. 3633-3638 vol.4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common problem in industry is the issue of safety controllers. Usually there is a basic controller that works well for normal conditions, but when certain state variables get too large we need to switch to a safety controller in order to get the state back to a normal level. The design of the safety controller such that it works well together with the basic controller is the topic of the paper. In practice, the design is often done in an ad hoc manner. The paper describes an approach to extending a given static output feedback control law with a safety controller. The safety controller is activated when the state gets close to the forbidden region in state space. It pushes the state to a safe distance from the forbidden region within a maximum prescribed time despite disturbances. It does this with a prescribed bound on the input and in a manner that guarantees stability of the overall system. The switching between the two controllers takes place through hysteresis, this helps to avoid chattering. The method is based on LMIs which ensures scalability to large systems. However, the LMI approach imposes some conservatism on the results. Also, the method is as at present limited to systems with a relative degree one from the input to a specific output of the system
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| 11. |
- Spångéus, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient parameterization for the dimensional reduction problem
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new method to optimize with orthonormal constraints is described, where a particular composition of plane (Givens) rotations is used to parameterize decision variables in terms of angles. It is showed that this parameterization is complete and that any orthonormal k-by-nmatrix can be derived to a set of no more than kn-k(k+1) angles. The technique is applied to the emph {feature extraction problem} where a linear subspace is optimized with respect to non-linear objective functions. The Optimal Discriminative Projection (ODP) algorithm is described. ODP is a data compression or feature extraction algorithm that combines powerful model optimization with regularization to avoid over training. The ODP is used primarily for classification problems.
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| 12. |
- Spångéus, Per
(författare)
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New Algorithms for General Sensors, or, How to Improve Electronic Noses
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of three parts. The first part describes some new algorithms that we have invented for use in the field of sensor technology. Sensor technology is evolving rapidly and new sensors such as electronic noses and tongues have emerged on the market. Most of these sensors are non-specific and needs to be trained before real life usage. We have developed algorithms to ease the training of these sensors. The first algorithm is a superior algorithm (called ODP) for supervised feature extraction. This algorithm outperforms PCA and LDA. It consists of powerful pre-processing - to avoid statistical problems - as well as a method for minimizing the classification error in the variable reduced space. ODP is protected by a patent application. The second new algorithm (called GBP) is used for variable reduction when data consists of sensory panel judgments of samples as either "good" or "bad". GBP is protected by a patent application. The third algorithm part consists of some algorithms for measuring the information content in multi-cluster data thereby facilitating objective statements about the performance of sensors and algorithms.In the second part of the thesis we try to model the response of the electronic tongue through a first and a second order model. The second order model has five parameters and shows very good fit with experimental data. It may in the future help to compress tongue data as well as doing noise rejection.The third part consists of one old work that I did on hybrid control systems and is poorly related the rest of the work in this thesis.
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| 13. |
- Tjomsland, Vegard, et al.
(författare)
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IL-1α Expression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Affects the Tumor Cell Migration and Is Regulated by the p38MAPK Signaling Pathway
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interplay between the tumor cells and the surrounding stroma creates inflammation, which promotes tumor growth and spread. The inflammation is a hallmark for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and is to high extent driven by IL-1α. IL-1α is expressed and secreted by the tumor cells and exerting its effect on the stroma, i.e. cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF), which in turn produce massive amount of inflammatory and immune regulatory factors. IL-1 induces activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ), but also activator protein 1 (AP-1) via the small G-protein Ras. Dysregulation of Ras pathways are common in cancer as this oncogene is the most frequently mutated in many cancers. In contrast, the signaling events leading up to the expression of IL-1α by tumor cells are not well elucidated. Our aim was to examine the signaling cascade involved in the induction of IL-1α expression in PDAC. We found p38MAPK, activated by the K-Ras signaling pathway, to be involved in the expression of IL-1α by PDAC as blocking this pathway decreased both the gene and protein expression of IL-1α. Blockage of the P38MAPK signaling in PDAC also dampened the ability of the tumor cell to induce inflammation in CAFs. In addition, the IL-1α autocrine signaling regulated the migratory capacity of PDAC cells. Taken together, the blockage of signaling pathways leading to IL-1α expression and/or neutralization of IL-1α in the PDAC microenvironment should be taken into consideration as possible treatment or complement to existing treatment of this cancer.
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| 14. |
- Tjomsland, Vegard, et al.
(författare)
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IL-1α Sustains the Inflammation in Human Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment by Targeting Cancer Associated Fibroblasts
- 2010
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is dynamic with an extensive interaction between the stroma and tumor cells. Our aim for this study was to delineate the cross-talk between PDAC and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with focus on the mechanism creating the chronic inflammatory tumor milieu. We assessed the effect cross talk between primary PDAC and CAF cell lines propagated from tumors had on the creation and sustenance of an inflammatory environment and what factors that were involved in establishing the inflammation. The coculture of PDAC and CAF cell lines, propagated from tumor tissues, enhanced the levels of inflammatory factors including IL-1α, IL-6, CXCL8, VEGFA, CCL20, and COX-2. The production of these factors correlated with the expression detected in vivo in PDAC tissues. The key producers of nearly all inflammatory factors were the CAFs and not the tumor cells. IL-1α was produced by the tumor cell lines, whereas almost all IL-1RI was expressed by CAFs thus corresponding to their in vivo expression profile in PDAC tissues, indicating a role for the IL-1 signaling cascade in a tumor favorable microenvironment. Neutralization of the IL-1α pathway efficiently diminished the cross talk induced production of inflammatory factors, both in stroma and tumor cells. These data suggest that the cross-talk between PDAC cells and the main stroma cell type, i.e. CAFs, is one contributing factor in the formation of the inflammatory tumor environment and we propose that the neutralization of IL-1α pathway might be a potential therapy for this cancer.
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| 15. |
- Tjomsland, Vegard, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin 1α sustains the expression of inflammatory factors in human pancreatic cancer microenvironment by targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neoplasia. - : Neoplasia Press. - 1522-8002 .- 1476-5586. ; 13:8, s. 664-675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is dynamic with an extensive interaction between the stroma and tumor cells. The aim for this study was to delineate the cross-talk between PDAC and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with focus on the mechanism creating the chronic inflammatory tumor milieu. We assessed the effects of the cross-talk between primary PDAC and CAF cell lines on the creation and sustenance of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. The coculture of primary PDAC and CAF cell lines enhanced the levels of inflammatory factors including IL-1á, IL-6, CXCL8, VEGFA, CCL20, and COX-2. CAFs were superior to tumor cells regarding the production of most inflammatory factors and tumor cell associated IL-1á was established as the initiator of the enhanced production of inflammatory factors through the binding of IL-1á to the active IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) expressed predominantly by CAFs. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between IL-1á and CXCL8 expression levels in PDAC tissues and correlation between IL-1á expression and the clinical outcome of the patients. This confirmed an important role for the IL-1 signaling cascade in the creation and sustenance of a tumor favorable microenvironment. Neutralization of the IL-1á signaling efficiently diminished the cross-talk induced production of inflammatory factors. These data suggest that the cross-talk between PDAC cells and the main stroma cell type, i.e. CAFs, is one essential factor in the formation of the inflammatory tumor environment and we propose that neutralization of the IL-1á signaling might be a potential therapy for this cancer.
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| 16. |
- Tjomsland, Vegard, et al.
(författare)
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Pancreatic cancer microenvironment has a high degree of inflammation and infiltrating immune cells in its stroma
- 2010
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tumor microenvironment is composed of tumor cells, fibroblasts, and infiltrating immune cells, and other cellular components, which work together and create an inflammatory environment favoring tumor progression. The present study aimed to characterize the expression and location of immune cells and investigate inflammatory factors that influence pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: qPCRs and immunohistological stainings were performed for inflammatory factors and immune cells localized in tumor tissues from patients with PDAC (N=30). Results: All PDAC tissues had significant increased levels of inflammatory and chemotactic factors such as IL-1α, COX-2, CXCL8, CCL2, and CCL20 as compared to controls. The PDAC stroma, i.e. the fibrosis surrounding the tumor, was the main producer of these factors with the exception of IL-1α, which was expressed by tumor cells and some infiltrating immune cells. The gene expression for immune cell specific markers CD163, CD1c, CD303, and CD8, corresponding to macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), plasmacytoid DCs, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), respectively, were all significantly increased in PDAC tissues. Immunostaining of the tumor tissue confirmed the elevated levels of infiltrating macrophages, DCs, mature DCs, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The different immune cells were in nearly all cases localized in the fibrotic tissue adjacent to tumor nests. Production of CXCL8 mRNA and protein by the stroma was dependent on the tumor expression of IL-1α. Of importance, we found a correlation in expression of the proinflammatory factor IL-1α and the PDAC patients’ survival time. Conclusion: PDAC cells seem to take advantage of IL-1α to create an inflammatory microenvironment with high degree of fibrosis and the ability to both recruit and activate immune cells and the level of inflammation in this environment influenced the clinical outcome for the patients. Therapies targeting the inflammation might be beneficial for the survival of patients with PDAC.
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| 17. |
- Tjomsland, Vegard, et al.
(författare)
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Semi Mature Blood Dendritic Cells Exist in Patients with Ductal Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Owing to Inflammatory Factors Released from the Tumor
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Much evidence exists regarding the fact that blood DCs, both myeloid DCs (MDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs), are negatively affected in different types of cancer, with both reduced numbers and impaired functionality. Functional impairment of DCs in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), may contribute to the poor clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the effects PDAC had on blood DCs and elucidate the underlying mechanism responsible for the DC impairment. Methodology/Principal Findings: We examined the systemic influence PDAC exerted on blood DCs by ex vivo measuring numerous activation and maturation markers expressed on these cells. Furthermore, the effect patient plasma and the inflammatory factors CXCL8 and PGE(2) had on purified MDCs and PDCs from healthy donors was assessed and compared to the DCs existing in PDAC patients. We found a partial maturation of the blood MDCs and PDCs in PDAC patients with significantly enhanced expression of CD83, CD40, B7H3, PDL-1, CCR6, and CCR7 and decreased expression of ICOSL, and DCIR. These changes lead to impairment in their immunostimulatory function. Furthermore, chronic pancreatitis gave rise to DCs with similar semi-mature phenotype as seen in PDAC. Low expression of ICOSL was associated with poor prognosis. We found that the mechanism underlying this semi-maturation of DCs was inflammatory factors existing in the PDAC patients plasma. Of note, PGE2, which is elevated PDAC patient plasma, was one contributing factor to the changes seen in MDCs and PDCs phenotype. Conclusion/Significance: Our findings point to a role for the systemic inflammation in transforming blood MDCs and PDCs into semi-mature cells in PDAC patients and we show a correlation between maturation status and clinical outcome. Thus, means to preserve a functional blood DC compartment in PDAC patients by diminishing the inflammation could facilitate their ability to control the disease and improve survival.
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| 18. |
- Tjomsland, Vegard, et al.
(författare)
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The Desmoplastic Stroma Plays an Essential Role in the Accumulation and Modulation of Infiltrated Immune Cells in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical & Developmental Immunology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1740-2522 .- 1740-2530. ; 2011:212810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumor microenvironment is composed of tumor cells, fibroblasts, and infiltrating immune cells, which all work together and create an inflammatory environment favoring tumor progression. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the desmoplastic stroma in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) regarding expression of inflammatory factors and infiltration of immune cells and their impact on the clinical outcome. The PDAC tissues examined expressed significantly increased levels of immunomodulatory and chemotactic factors (IL-6, TGF beta, IDO, COX-2, CCL2, and CCL20) and immune cell-specific markers corresponding to macrophages, myeloid, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) as compared to controls. Furthermore, short-time survivors had the lowest levels of DC markers. Immunostainings indicated that the different immune cells and inflammatory factors are mainly localized to the desmoplastic stroma. Therapies modulating the inflammatory tumor microenvironment to promote the attraction of DCs and differentiation of monocytes into functional DCs might improve the survival of PDAC patients.
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