| 1. |
- Albano, GL, et al.
(författare)
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Regulating Joint Bidding in Procurement
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Competition Law and Economics. - : Oxford University Press. - 1744-6414 .- 1744-6422. ; 5:2, s. 335-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Joint bidding is the practice of two or more independent suppliers submitting a single bid, a widespread practice in private and public procurement. This practice may generate efficiencies through synergies and information sharing, but may also be abused to reduce the number of competitors or—even worse—to facilitate or enforce collusion among them; therefore, it is often regulated. In this paper, we first present results from a survey on the regulation of joint bidding in European public procurement, documenting how the existence and the type of regulation differ across countries, and that—where present—regulation is often related to the ability of an individual firm to be admitted as a solo bidder. Borrowing from the theories of joint bidding in auctions and of horizontal mergers and joint ventures in oligopoly, we then review the basic economics of bidding consortia and the effects that these can have in terms of bidding competition, coordination among firms, risk management, exploitation of other synergies, and entry. Finally, we assess the relative degrees of restrictiveness of several practical criteria that could be used to create consistent regulatory requirements for bidding consortia in public procurement. The only strong conclusion that we can draw is that there is an urgent need for further theoretical and empirical or experimental research on this very important issue for public procurement.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Dowling, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid subglacial streamlined bedform formation at a calving bay margin
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Quaternary Science. - : Wiley. - 1099-1417 .- 0267-8179. ; 31:8, s. 879-892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the LiDAR-derived Swedish national height model we have identified previously undescribed shallow streamlined glacial bedforms, small-scale drumlins, on the Närke plain in south-central Sweden. These drumlins could only be detected with high-resolution LiDAR, due to both their subtle size and forest cover. In this area the ice margin receded in a subaqueous environment with a proglacial water depth in the order of 100 m during the last deglaciation. As indicated by the configuration of marginally formed De Geer moraine ridges draping the drumlinoids, the receding ice margin formed deeply indented calving bays. These were located around subaqueous outlets of the subglacial melt-water drainage, with their apex position marked geomorphologically by beaded esker ridges. The mapped small-scale drumlins are aligned perpendicular to the reconstructed ice sheet margin and suggest formation along flow lines adjusted to the configuration of these calving embayments as they propagated up-flow with ice margin retreat. Based on these geometric relationships we argue that the emplacement of the drumlins was near-marginal, ∼7.7–1 km from the margin, on a short timescale (∼5–35 years).
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| 4. |
- Ely, Jeremy C., et al.
(författare)
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Do subglacial bedforms comprise a size and shape continuum?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Geomorphology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-555X .- 1872-695X. ; 257, s. 108-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the evolution of the ice-bed interface is fundamentally important for gaining insight into the dynamics of ice masses and how subglacial landforms are created. However, the formation of the suite of landforms generated at this boundary - subglacial bedforms - is a contentious issue that is yet to be fully resolved. Bedforms formed in aeolian, fluvial, and marine environments either belong to separate morphological populations or are thought to represent a continuum of forms generated by the same governing processes. For subglacial bedforms, a size and shape continuum has been hypothesised, yet it has not been fully tested. Here we analyse the largest data set of subglacial bedform size and shape measurements ever collated (96,900 bedforms). Our results show that flutes form a distinct population of narrow bedforms. However, no clear distinction was found between drumlins and megascale glacial lineations (MSGLs), which form a continuum of subglacial lineations. A continuum of subglacial ribs also exists, with no clear size or shape distinctions indicating separate populations. Furthermore, an underreported class of bedform with no clear orientation to ice flow (quasi-circular bedforms) overlaps with the ribbed and lineation continua and typically occurs in spatial transition zones between the two, potentially merging these three bedform types into a larger continuum.
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| 5. |
- Rea, Brice R., et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric circulation over Europe during the Younger Dryas
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 6:50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Younger Dryas (YD) was a period of rapid climate cooling that occurred at the end of the last glaciation. Here, we present the first palaeoglacier-derived reconstruction of YD precipitation across Europe, determined from 122 reconstructed glaciers and proxy atmospheric temperatures. Positive precipitation anomalies (YD versus modern) are found along much of the western seaboard of Europe and across the Mediterranean. Negative precipitation anomalies occur over the Fennoscandian ice sheet, the North European Plain, and as far south as the Alps. This is consistent with a more southerly and zonal storm track, which is linked to a concomitant southern location of the Polar Frontal Jet Stream, generating cold air outbreaks and enhanced cyclogenesis, especially over the eastern Mediterranean. This atmospheric configuration resembles the modern Scandinavian (SCAND) circulation over Europe (a blocking high pressure over Scandinavia pushing storm tracks south and east), and by analogy, a seasonally varying palaeoprecipitation pattern is interpreted.
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