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| 2. |
- Gunes, Arzu, et al.
(författare)
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ABCB1 polymorphisms influence steady-state plasma levels of 9-hydroxyrisperidone and risperidone active moiety
- 2008
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Ingår i: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. - 0163-4356 .- 1536-3694. ; 30:5, s. 628-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risperidone is metabolized to its active metabolite, 9-hydroxy risperidone, mainly by the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2D6 and 3A4. Its antipsychotic effect is assumed to be related to the active moiety, that is, the sum of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone. Both risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone are substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a transport protein involved in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of polymorphisrns in genes encoding CYP3A5 and P-gp (ABCB1) on the steady-state plasma levels of risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, and the active moiety, taking CYP2D6 genotype status into account. Forty-six white patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone (1-10 mg/d) in monotherapy for 4-6 weeks were genotyped, and their plasma concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone were measured. Dose-corrected plasma concentrations (C/D) of risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, and active moiety showed up to 68-, 9-, and 10-fold interindividual variation, respectively. Six patients carried 1 CYP3A5*1 allele and therefore were likely to express the CYP3A5 enzyme. The CYP3A5 genotype did not influence risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, or active moiety C/Ds. The CYP2D6 genotype in these 46 patients was again associated with risperidone C/D (P = 0.001) but not with 9-hydroxyrisperidone C/D or active moiety C/D, as previously shown by our group in 37 of these patients. Patients homozygous for the ABCB1 3435T/2677T/1236T haplotype had significantly lower C/Ds of 9-hydroxyrisperidone (P = 0.026) and active moiety (P = 0.028) than patients carrying other ABCB1 genotypes. In conclusion, our results confirmed the significant effect of CYP2D6 genotype oil the steady-state plasma levels of risperidone and showed that ABCB1 polymorphisins have a moderate effect oil those of 9-hydroxyrisperidone and the active moiety.
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| 3. |
- Gunes, Arzu, et al.
(författare)
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Further evidence for association between 5-HT2C receptor gene polymorphisms and extrapyramidal side effects in male schizophrenic patients
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 64:5, s. 477-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) are still a major problem in the treatment of schizophrenia. Serotonin 2C receptors (5-HT(2C)) have regulatory effects on dopaminergic pathways in brain regions involved with EPS. Polymorphisms in the 5-HT(2C) gene (HTR2C) have been suggested to be associated with the risk of developing EPS. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the impact of polymorphisms in the HTR2C gene on the occurrence of EPS in male schizophrenic patients. METHODS: Ninety-nine male Caucasian chronic schizophrenic patients on long-term treatment with classical antipsychotics were genotyped for the -997 G/A, -759 C/T, -697 G/C and Cys23Ser polymorphisms of HTR2C. EPS (dystonia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia) were assessed by the Simpson-Angus Scale and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Fifty-one patients had current or previous history of EPS, whereas 48 patients had no symptoms or history of EPS. To rule out a possible association between HTR2C polymorphisms and schizophrenia, 112 healthy male volunteers were also genotyped. RESULTS: Allele frequencies of -997A, -759T and -697C did not differ between the groups, whereas patients with EPS had a significantly (p = 0.025) higher frequency of the 23Ser allele (0.29) than did patients without EPS (0.15) or healthy volunteers (0.13). A similar trend was observed for a haplotype including the -997G, -759C, -697C and 23Ser alleles (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Results confirm previously reported associations between the HTR2C 23Ser allele and EPS occurrence and suggest the novel finding of an HTR2C haplotype association with EPS in male chronic schizophrenic patients.
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| 4. |
- Reis, Margareta
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetics of antidepressant drugs : naturalistic and clinical trials
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Depression is a major public health problem and it is predicted to be the second leading cause of disease burden by the year 2020. The pharmacological treatment period for major depressive disorder (MDD) is relatively long and sometimes prophylactic over many years. Despite the many drugs introduced on this indication in recent years, details in the drug kinetics linked to the many possible clinical scenarios arising in phase-IV have not been adequately assessed.The main objective of this thesis was therefore to focus on the posology of the frequently prescribed antidepressant drugs citalopram (CIT), sertraline (SERT), paroxetine (PAR) and venlafaxine (VEN) in terms of trough level serum concentrations of the parent compound and metabolite(s) under steady state conditions. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)-based bioanalytical data were to be linked to clinical information obtained on patients in naturalistic or controlled clinical trial phase-IV settings for evaluation of the inter- as well as intraindividual PK (pharmacokinetic) variance. Specific aims were to identifY and analyze subgroups with possibly deviating PK such as adolescents, elderly patients, and the differences between the sexes. From a controlled trial setting during a six months period a possible serum concentration-effect relationship should be searched for, as well as testing the applicability of a novel type ofTDM procedure based on the metabolite/parent compound ratio to explore both total and partial pharmacological noncompliance.Studies I-III were applied on the naturalistic TDM-based trial design. In brief, study I contained 44 adolescents treated with CIT. Study II evaluated trough values in steady state in 749 patients treated with CIT, and study III describes the same parameters for 187 patients treated with VEN. Results revealed that interindividual PK-variations were pronounced for all compounds on all dose levels, but the intraindividual variations were low. Adolescents seemed to have CIT values similar to adults, but old age was correlated with higher dose-corrected serum concentrations of both CIT and VEN. All studied compounds displayed differences between the sexes. Polypharmacy affected the metabolism of CIT and VEN as did smoking.Study IV contained 353 patients treated with SERT or PAR in a prospective, randomized multi-center trial with up to eight serum samples each over six months. In study V the TDM-based "compliance method" was tested on the SERT population from the study cohort. Results revealed that no serum concentration - clinical effect relationship could be found for either PAR or SERT. It was observed that the TDM compliance method seemed to detect not only total but also significant partial non-compliance.In conclusion, the present thesis describes the possibility for making further PK-assessments on antidepressant drugs commonly prescribed. Thus, by building up drug specific TDM databases in naturalistic clinical phase IV-trials, combined with a structured data analysis a detailed retrospective follow up on the PK of the drugs coming into play in real life emerged. Taken together with the PK-data obtained from a prospective, randomized trial, the overall significance of this thesis may be to forward a new strategy for TDM -related postmarketing surveillance studies. This strategy may also be of interest to explore for other psychoactive drugs as well as for other new drugs commonly used on lager patient groups on chronic medications but outside psychiatric indications.
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| 9. |
- Spina, Edoardo, et al.
(författare)
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Drug Interactions in Epilepsy
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Treatment of Epilepsy, 2nd ed. - : Blackwell Science, Oxford. ; , s. 120-133
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Spina, Edoardo, et al.
(författare)
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Le interazioni farmacologiche degli psicofarmaci
- 2003
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Ingår i: Trattato di psicofarmacologia clinica. - : Il Pensiero Scientifico Edotire, Roma. ; , s. 449-482
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Spina, Edoardo, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacogenetics of Psychopharmacological Agents
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings from 15th IFCC_FESCC European Congress of Clinical Chemistry Laboratory medicine EUROMEDLAB 2003. ; , s. 137-142
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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