| 1. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
-
Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
|
|
| 2. |
- Alessandro, B., et al.
(författare)
-
Vector boson scattering : Recent experimental and theory developments
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Reviews in Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4283. ; 3, s. 44-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document summarises the talks and discussions happened during the VBSCan Split17 workshop, the first general meeting of the VBSCan COST Action network. This collaboration is aiming at a consistent and coordinated study of vector-boson scattering from the phenomenological and experimental point of view, for the best exploitation of the data that will be delivered by existing and future particle colliders.
|
|
| 3. |
- Aggelopoulos, Christos A., et al.
(författare)
-
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Attenuates Breast Cancer Cell Growth Through Regulation of Cell Microenvironment Effectors
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer exists in multiple subtypes some of which still lack a targeted and effective therapy. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been proposed as an emerging anti-cancer treatment modality. In this study, we investigated the effects of direct and indirect CAP treatment driven by the advantageous nanosecond pulsed discharge on breast cancer cells of different malignant phenotypes and estrogen receptor (ER) status, a major factor in the prognosis and therapeutic management of breast cancer. The main CAP reactive species in liquid (i.e. H2O2, NO2−/NO3−) and gas phase were determined as a function of plasma operational parameters (i.e. treatment time, pulse voltage and frequency), while pre-treatment with the ROS scavenger NAC revealed the impact of ROS in the treatment. CAP treatment induced intense phenotypic changes and apoptosis in both ER+ and ER- cells, which is associated with the mitochondrial pathway as evidenced by the increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleavage of PARP-1. Interestingly, CAP significantly reduced CD44 protein expression (a major cancer stem cell marker and matrix receptor), while differentially affected the expression of proteases and inflammatory mediators. Collectively, the findings of the present study suggest that CAP suppresses breast cancer cell growth and regulates several effectors of the tumor microenvironment and thus it could represent an efficient therapeutic approach for distinct breast cancer subtypes.
|
|
| 4. |
- Arner, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Circulating Carnosine Dipeptidase 1 associates with weight loss and poor prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer
- 2015
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cancer cachexia (CC) is linked to poor prognosis. Although the mechanisms promoting this condition are not known, several circulating proteins have been proposed to contribute. We analyzed the plasma proteome in cancer subjects in order to identify factors associated with cachexia. Design/Subjects: Plasma was obtained from a screening cohort of 59 patients, newly diagnosed with suspected gastrointestinal cancer, with (n = 32) or without (n = 27) cachexia. Samples were subjected to proteomic profiling using 760 antibodies (targeting 698 individual proteins) from the Human Protein Atlas project. The main findings were validated in a cohort of 93 patients with verified and advanced pancreas cancer. Results: Only six proteins displayed differential plasma levels in the screening cohort. Among these, Carnosine Dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1) was confirmed by sandwich immunoassay to be lower in CC (p = 0.008). In both cohorts, low CNDP1 levels were associated with markers of poor prognosis including weight loss, malnutrition, lipid breakdown, low circulating albumin/IGF1 levels and poor quality of life. Eleven of the subjects in the discovery cohort were finally diagnosed with non-malignant disease but omitting these subjects from the analyses did not have any major influence on the results. Conclusions: In gastrointestinal cancer, reduced plasma levels of CNDP1 associate with signs of catabolism and poor outcome. These results, together with recently published data demonstrating lower circulating CNDP1 in subjects with glioblastoma and metastatic prostate cancer, suggest that CNDP1 may constitute a marker of aggressive cancer and CC.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bainbridge, Matthew N, et al.
(författare)
-
Germline mutations in shelterin complex genes are associated with familial glioma
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gliomas are the most common brain tumor, with several histological subtypes of various malignancy grade. The genetic contribution to familial glioma is not well understood. Using whole exome sequencing of 90 individuals from 55 families, we identified two families with mutations in POT1 (p.G95C, p.E450X), a member of the telomere shelterin complex, shared by both affected individuals in each family and predicted to impact DNA binding and TPP1 binding, respectively. Validation in a separate cohort of 264 individuals from 246 families identified an additional mutation in POT1 (p.D617Efs), also predicted to disrupt TPP1 binding. All families with POT1 mutations had affected members with oligodendroglioma, a specific subtype of glioma more sensitive to irradiation. These findings are important for understanding the origin of glioma and could have importance for the future diagnostics and treatment of glioma.
|
|
| 6. |
- Demichev, Vadim, et al.
(författare)
-
A time-resolved proteomic and prognostic map of COVID-19
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Cell Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4712 .- 2405-4720. ; 12:8, s. 780-794.e7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 is highly variable in its clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe organ damage and death. We characterized the time-dependent progression of the disease in 139 COVID-19 inpatients by measuring 86 accredited diagnostic parameters, such as blood cell counts and enzyme activities, as well as untargeted plasma proteomes at 687 sampling points. We report an initial spike in a systemic inflammatory response, which is gradually alleviated and followed by a protein signature indicative of tissue repair, metabolic reconstitution, and immunomodulation. We identify prognostic marker signatures for devising risk-adapted treatment strategies and use machine learning to classify therapeutic needs. We show that the machine learning models based on the proteome are transferable to an independent cohort. Our study presents a map linking routinely used clinical diagnostic parameters to plasma proteomes and their dynamics in an infectious disease.
|
|
| 7. |
- Jalali, Ali, et al.
(författare)
-
Targeted sequencing in chromosome 17q linkage region identifies familial glioma candidates in the Gliogene Consortium
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 5, s. 8278-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glioma is a rare, but highly fatal, cancer that accounts for the majority of malignant primary brain tumors. Inherited predisposition to glioma has been consistently observed within non-syndromic families. Our previous studies, which involved non-parametric and parametric linkage analyses, both yielded significant linkage peaks on chromosome 17q. Here, we use data from next generation and Sanger sequencing to identify familial glioma candidate genes and variants on chromosome 17q for further investigation. We applied a filtering schema to narrow the original list of 4830 annotated variants down to 21 very rare (<0.1% frequency), non-synonymous variants. Our findings implicate the MYO19 and KIF18B genes and rare variants in SPAG9 and RUNDC1 as candidates worthy of further investigation. Burden testing and functional studies are planned.
|
|
| 8. |
- Karalis, Theodoros T, et al.
(författare)
-
Salicylate suppresses the oncogenic hyaluronan network in metastatic breast cancer cells.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Matrix biology plus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-0285. ; 6-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oncogenic role of hyaluronan in several aspects of tumor biology has been well established. Recent studies by us and others suggest that inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis could represent an emerging therapeutic approach with significant clinical relevance in controlling different breast cancer subtypes, including triple-negative breast cancer. Epidemiological and preclinical studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of aspirin (acetyl salicylate), a classical anti-inflammatory drug, in patients with cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The present study demonstrates that salicylate, a break down product of aspirin in vivo, alters the organization of hyaluronan matrices by affecting the expression levels of hyaluronan synthesizing (HAS1, 2, 3) and degrading (HYAL-1, -2) enzymes, and that of hyaluronan receptor CD44. In particular, salicylate was found to potently activate AMPK, a kinase known to inhibit HAS2 activity, and caused a dose-dependent decrease of cell associated (intracellular and membrane-bound) as well as secreted hyaluronan, followed by the down-regulation of HAS2 and the induction of HYAL-2 and CD44 in metastatic breast cancer cells. These salicylate-mediated effects were associated with the redistribution of CD44 and actin cytoskeleton that resulted in a less motile cell phenotype. Interestingly, salicylate inhibited metastatic breast cancer cell proliferation and growth by inducing cell growth arrest without signs of apoptosis as evidenced by the substantial decrease of cyclin D1 protein and the absence of cleaved caspase-3, respectively. Collectively, our study offers a possible direction for the development of new matrix-based targeted treatments of metastatic breast cancer subtypes via inhibition of hyaluronan, a pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and tumor promoting glycosaminoglycan.
|
|
| 9. |
- Karalis, Theodoros T., et al.
(författare)
-
Tumor-suppressive functions of 4-MU on breast cancer cells of different ER status : Regulation of hyaluronan/HAS2/CD44 and specific matrix effectors
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Matrix Biology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0945-053X .- 1569-1802. ; 78-79, s. 118-138
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The malignant phenotype of various cancers is linked to enhanced expression of hyaluronan, a proangiogenic glycosaminoglycan whose expression is suppressed by 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), a non-toxic oral agent used as a dietary supplement to improve health and combat prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of 4-MU in mammary carcinoma cells with distinct malignant phenotypes and estrogen receptor (ER) status, a major prognostic factor in the clinical management of breast cancers. We focused on two breast cancer cell lines, the low metastatic and ER alpha+ MCF-7 cells, and the highly-aggressive and ER alpha-MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment with 4-MU caused a dose-dependent decrease of hyaluronan accumulation in the extracellular matrix as well as within the breast cancer cells, most prevalent in cells lacking ER alpha. This decrease in hyaluronan was accompanied by suppression of Hyaluronan Synthase 2 (HAS2), the major enzyme responsible for the synthesis of hyaluronan, and by induction of hyaluronidases (HYALs) -1 and -2. Moreover, 4-MU induced intense phenotypic changes and substantial loss of CD44, a major hyaluronan receptor, from cell protrusions. Importantly, 4-MU evoked differential effects depending on the absence or presence of ER alpha. Only the ER alpha+ cells showed signs of apoptosis, as determined by cleaved PARP-1, and anoikis as shown by concurrent loss of E-cadherin and beta-catenin. Interestingly, 4-MU significantly reduced migration, adhesion and invasion of ER alpha- breast cancer cells, and concurrently reduced the expression and activity of several matrix degrading enzymes and pro-inflammatory molecules with tumor-promoting functions. Collectively, our findings suggest that 4-MU could represent a novel therapeutic for specific breast cancer subtypes with regard to their ER status via suppression of hyaluronan synthesis and regulation of HAS2, CD44, matrix-degrading enzymes and inflammatory mediators.
|
|
| 10. |
- Kepp, Kasper P., et al.
(författare)
-
Panel stacking is a threat to consensus statement validity
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consensus statements can be very influential in medicine and public health. Some of these statements use systematic evidence synthesis but others fail on this front. Many consensus statements use panels of experts to deduce perceived consensus through Delphi processes. We argue that stacking of panel members toward one particular position or narrative is a major threat, especially in absence of systematic evidence review. Stacking may involve financial conflicts of interest, but nonfinancial conflicts of strong advocacy can also cause major bias. Given their emerging importance, we describe here how such consensus statements may be misleading, by analyzing in depth a recent high-impact Delphi consensus statement on COVID-19 recommendations as a case example. We demonstrate that many of the selected panel members and at least 35% of the core panel members had advocated toward COVID-19 elimination (Zero-COVID) during the pandemic and were leading members of aggressive advocacy groups. These advocacy conflicts were not declared in the Delphi consensus publication, with rare exceptions. Therefore, we propose that consensus statements should always require rigorous evidence synthesis and maximal transparency on potential biases toward advocacy or lobbyist groups to be valid. While advocacy can have many important functions, its biased impact on consensus panels should be carefully avoided.
|
|
| 11. |
- Korpetinou, Angeliki, et al.
(författare)
-
Serglycin Is Implicated in the Promotion of Aggressive Phenotype of Breast Cancer Cells
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serglycin is a proteoglycan expressed by some malignant cells. It promotes metastasis and protects some tumor cells from complement system attack. In the present study, we show for the first time the in situ expression of serglycin by breast cancer cells by immunohistochemistry in patients' material. Moreover, we demonstrate high expression and constitutive secretion of serglycin in the aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Serglycin exhibited a strong cytoplasmic staining in these cells, observable at the cell periphery in a thread of filaments near the cell membrane, but also in filopodia-like structures. Serglycin was purified from conditioned medium of MDA-MB-231 cells, and represented the major proteoglycan secreted by these cells, having a molecular size of similar to 250 kDa and carrying chondroitin sulfate side chains, mainly composed of 4-sulfated (similar to 87%), 6-sulfated (similar to 10%) and non-sulfated (similar to 3%) disaccharides. Purified serglycin inhibited early steps of both the classical and the lectin pathways of complement by binding to C1q and mannose-binding lectin. Stable expression of serglycin in less aggressive MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced their proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration and invasion. Interestingly, over-expression of serglycin lacking the glycosaminoglycan attachment sites failed to promote these cellular functions, suggesting that glycanation of serglycin is a pre-requisite for its oncogenic properties. Our findings suggest that serglycin promotes a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype and may protect breast cancer cells from complement attack supporting their survival and expansion.
|
|
| 12. |
- Labropoulou, V. T., et al.
(författare)
-
Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Targeting of Tumor-Induced Bone Disease : Current Status and Emerging Therapeutic Interventions
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Current Medicinal Chemistry. - 0929-8673 .- 1875-533X. ; 18:11, s. 1584-1598
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone disease is a common complication of metastatic solid tumors but also of primary hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of bone disease by solid tumors and multiple myeloma has been significantly improved. A complex inter-dependence exists between bone disease and malignant cell growth, creating a vicious cycle of extensive bone destruction and tumor progression. Although myeloma and solid tumors share a number of common molecular pathogenetic mechanisms, they involve distinct pathophysiological pathways, resulting in osteoclastic bone resorption and inhibition of bone formation. In this review, we analyze the molecular mechanisms, involved in tumor-induced bone disease and discuss the current therapeutic approaches and the most recent clinical developments of emerging targeted therapies.
|
|
| 13. |
- Papadopoulos, Fotios C., et al.
(författare)
-
Preventing suicide and homicide in the United States : the potential benefit in human lives
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 169:2, s. 154-158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to assess the potential benefit in human lives if all geographical regions in the US (Northeast, South, Midwest, and West) achieved the lowest suicide and homicide rates observed within these regions, age-, race- and gender-adjusted suicide and homicide rates for each of the four regions were calculated based on data retrieved using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention database for 1999-2004. Data on known risk factors were retrieved from online sources. Overall suicide rates (10.42 per 100,000) exceeded homicide rates (6.97 per 100,000). Almost 27% (12,942 lives per year) of the 288,222 suicide and homicide deaths during the study period might have been avoided if all US regions achieved the mortality rate reported by the Northeast. A firearm was used in 55% of all suicides and 66% of all homicides. In the total estimate of avoidable deaths, firearm suicides (90%) and firearm homicides (75%) were overrepresented. The Northeast had the lowest access to firearms (20%) contrasted to almost double in the other regions, whereas greater firearms availability was related to unrestricted firearm legislation. Measures to restrict firearms availability should be highly prioritized in the public health agenda in order to achieve an impressive benefit in human lives.
|
|
| 14. |
- Petridou, Eleni T., et al.
(författare)
-
Circulating adiponectin levels and expression of adiponectin receptors in relation to lung cancer : two case-control studies
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Oncology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0030-2414 .- 1423-0232. ; 73:3-4, s. 261-269
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Decreased circulating levels of adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone and endogenous insulin sensitizer, have been associated with several obesity-related malignancies. Thiazolidinedione administration, which increases adiponectin levels, decreases risk for lung cancer. Whether circulating adiponectin levels are associated with lung cancer and/or whether adiponectin receptors are expressed in lung cancer remains unknown. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 85 patients with incidental, histologically confirmed lung cancer and 170 healthy controls matched by gender and age. In a separate study, archival lung specimens from 134 cancerous and 8 noncancerous tissues were examined for relative expression of adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Tobacco smoking, heavy alcohol intake and education were all associated with lung cancer risk, whereas serum adiponectin levels were not significantly different between cases and controls (multiple logistic regression, odds ratio per SD of adiponectin among controls: 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.64-2.02). Adiponectin levels were significantly lower (odds ratio: 0.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.10-0.78) among patients with advanced compared to those with limited disease stage. Expression of adiponectin receptors was apparent only in the cancerous lung tissue (64.2% AdipoR1 and 61.9% AdipoR2 in cancerous vs. 0% among noncancerous tissue). Specifically, AdipoR1 was expressed in all disease types, but no difference was noted with disease stage, whereas AdipoR2 was mainly expressed in the non-small cell carcinomas and more prominently in the advanced disease stage (80%). CONCLUSIONS: Circulating adiponectin levels are not different in cases of this malignancy - which seems to be unrelated to obesity and insulin resistance - compared to their healthy controls, though hormonal levels were significantly lower in advanced versus limited lung cancer. Both adiponectin receptors were expressed in cancerous lung tissue, but not in normal control tissue and there was a differential expression by disease stage. These findings should be further explored, especially in the context of the recently reported protective effect of thiazolidinediones in diabetic patients with lung cancer.
|
|
| 15. |
- Sergentanis, Theodoros N, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk for childhood leukemia associated with maternal and paternal age
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 30:12, s. 1229-1261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of reproductive factors, such as parental age, in the pathogenesis of childhood leukemias is being intensively examined; the results of individual studies are controversial. This meta-analysis aims to quantitatively synthesize the published data on the association between parental age and risk of two major distinct childhood leukemia types in the offspring. Eligible studies were identified and pooled relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated using random-effects models, separately for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Subgroup analyses were performed by study design, geographical region, adjustment factors; sensitivity analyses and meta-regression analyses were also undertaken. 77 studies (69 case-control and eight cohort) were deemed eligible. Older maternal and paternal age were associated with increased risk for childhood ALL (pooled RR = 1.05, 95 % CI 1.01-1.10; pooled RR = 1.04, 95 % CI 1.00-1.08, per 5 year increments, respectively). The association between maternal age and risk of childhood AML showed a U-shaped pattern, with symmetrically associated increased risk in the oldest (pooled RR = 1.23, 95 % CI 1.06-1.43) and the youngest (pooled RR = 1.23, 95 % CI 1.07-1.40) extremes. Lastly, only younger fathers were at increased risk of having a child with AML (pooled RR = 1.28, 95 % CI 1.04-1.59). In conclusion, maternal and paternal age represents a meaningful risk factor for childhood leukemia, albeit of different effect size by leukemia subtype. Genetic and socio-economic factors may underlie the observed associations. Well-adjusted studies, scheduled by large consortia, are anticipated to satisfactorily address methodological issues, whereas the potential underlying genetic mechanisms should be elucidated by basic research studies.
|
|
| 16. |
- Skandalis, Spyros S, et al.
(författare)
-
Hyaluronan-CD44 axis orchestrates cancer stem cell functions.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cellular Signalling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0898-6568 .- 1873-3913. ; 63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prominent role of CD44 in tumor cell signaling together with its establishment as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker for various tumor entities imply a key role for CD44 in CSC functional properties. Hyaluronan, the main ligand of CD44, is a major constituent of CSC niche and, therefore, the hyaluronan-CD44 signaling axis is of functional importance in this special microenvironment. This review aims to provide recent advances in the importance of hyaluronan-CD44 interactions in the acquisition and maintenance of a CSC phenotype. Hyaluronan-CD44 axis has a substantial impact on stemness properties of CSCs and drug resistance through induction of EMT program, oxidative stress resistance, secretion of extracellular vesicles/exosomes and epigenetic control. Potential therapeutic approaches targeting CSCs based on the hyaluronan-CD44 axis are also presented.
|
|
| 17. |
- Skandalis, Spyros S., et al.
(författare)
-
Versican but not decorin accumulation is related to malignancy in mammographically detected high density and malignant-appearing microcalcifications in non-palpable breast carcinomas
- 2011
-
Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 11, s. 314-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mammographic density (MD) and malignant-appearing microcalcifications (MAMCs) represent the earliest mammographic findings of non-palpable breast carcinomas. Matrix proteoglycans versican and decorin are frequently over-expressed in various malignancies and are differently involved in the progression of cancer. In the present study, we have evaluated the expression of versican and decorin in non-palpable breast carcinomas and their association with high risk mammographic findings and tumor characteristics. Methods: Three hundred and ten patients with non-palpable suspicious breast lesions, detected during screening mammography, were studied. Histological examination was carried out and the expression of decorin, versican, estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha), progesterone receptor (PR) and c-erbB2 (HER-2/neu) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Histological examination showed 83 out of 310 (26.8%) carcinomas of various subtypes. Immunohistochemistry was carried out in 62/83 carcinomas. Decorin was accumulated in breast tissues with MD and MAMCs independently of the presence of malignancy. In contrast, versican was significantly increased only in carcinomas with MAMCs (median +/- SE: 42.0 +/- 9.1) and MD (22.5 +/- 10.1) as compared to normal breast tissue with MAMCs (14.0 +/- 5.8), MD (11.0 +/- 4.4) and normal breast tissue without mammographic findings (10.0 +/- 2.0). Elevated levels of versican were correlated with higher tumor grade and invasiveness in carcinomas with MD and MAMCs, whereas increased amounts of decorin were associated with in situ carcinomas in MAMCs. Stromal deposition of both proteoglycans was related to higher expression of ER alpha and PR in tumor cells only in MAMCs. Conclusions: The specific accumulation of versican in breast tissue with high MD and MAMCs only in the presence of malignant transformation and its association with the aggressiveness of the tumor suggests its possible use as molecular marker in non-palpable breast carcinomas.
|
|
| 18. |
- Tsampas, Spyros, et al.
(författare)
-
Compressive failure of hybrid multidirectional fibre-reinforced composites
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1359-835X .- 1878-5840. ; 71, s. 40-58
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the hybridisation of multidirectional carbon fibre-reinforced composites as a means of improving the compressive performance is studied. The aim is to thoroughly investigate how hybridisation influences the laminate behaviour under different compression conditions and thus provide an explanation of the "hybrid effect". The chosen approach was to compare the compressive performance of two monolithic carbon fibre/epoxy systems, CYTEC HTS/MTM44-1 and IMS/MTM44-1, with that of their respective hybrids. This was done by keeping the same layup throughout ((0/90/45/-45)2S) while replacing the angle plies in one case or the orthogonal plies in the other case with the second material, thus producing two hybrid systems. To investigate the compressive performance of these configurations, compact and plain compression test methods were employed which also allowed studying the sensitivity of compressive failure to specimen geometry and loading conditions. The experimental results and the subsequent fractographic analysis revealed that the hybridisation of selective ply interfaces influenced the location and severity of the failure mechanisms. Finally, in light of this knowledge, an update of the generic sequence of events, previously suggested by the authors, which lead to global fracture in multidirectional fibre-reinforced composites under compression is presented.
|
|
