| 1. |
- Appeltans, W., et al.
(författare)
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The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 22:23, s. 2189-2202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered. Results: There are similar to 226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (similar to 20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are similar to 170,000 synonyms, that 58,000-72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000-741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7-1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 +/- 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century.
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| 8. |
- Eichsteller, Angelina, et al.
(författare)
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DNA Barcoding of Cold-Water Coral-Associated Ophiuroid Fauna from the North Atlantic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diversity. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-2818. ; 14:5, s. 358-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we focus on the ophiuroid species associated with cold-water corals south of Iceland. The specimens were sampled with the ROV Phoca (GEOMAR) in three different areas, during the recent expedition MSM75 connected to the IceAGE_RR (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology_Reykjanes Ridge hydrothermal vent activity) project. In each area, several corals were sampled and the ophiuroid specimens identified to the species level. The integrative taxonomic approach, based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding with COI of the collected ophiuroids, revealed five species that live on corals: Ophiomitrella clavigera (Ljungman, 1865); Ophiomyxa serpentaria (Lyman, 1883); Ophiacantha cuspidata (Lyman, 1879); Ophiactis abyssicola (M. Sars, 1861); and Ophiolebes bacata Koehler, 1921. Some of the sampled deep-sea corals exclusively host the species O.clavigera. The collected species are therefore associated with different corals but do not demonstrate a species-specific distribution. The video data support the integrative taxonomy and confirm the ecological evidence.
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| 9. |
- Fatemi, Yaser, et al.
(författare)
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Annotated species list of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, with new records
- 2019
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; 4711:1, s. 77-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Published records on the Ophiuroidea fauna of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman are scattered in difficult to access journals and books. This study presents a compilation of all published records, complemented with data from new samples. Distribution, habitat and depth in the study area, as well as known Indian Ocean distributions, are included. The taxonomic status of all species was evaluated, critical comments were added as applicable, and several previous records were reassigned to other species. Ophiocoma erinaceus was removed from the fauna of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, because the only published record was instead Ophiocoma schoenleinii. Previous studies assumed that 46 species of brittle star were known from the study area, but only 38 species were confirmed by this re-assessment, including two new records (Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) foveolata and Ophiocomella sexradia). Diagnostic features are supplied for difficult to distinguish species. Five species (Macrophiothrix elongata, Amphiura fasciata, Amphiura (Ophiopeltis) hexactis, Amphioplus echinulatus, and Amphioplus seminudus) are so far worldwide known only from the Persian Gulf area. A hexamerous, fissiparous species of Ophiothela that does not concur with any known species was found and may represent a new species. All newly collected species are illustrated with photographs.
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| 12. |
- GLÜCK, FRANZISKA U., et al.
(författare)
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Brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the continental shelf off Angola and Namibia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; 3475:1, s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fauna occurring in waters off South-West Africa is of a remarkable composition and highly diverse due to local waterbodies, flow conditions and abiotic factors. These parameters predominate as a result of the cooperation of a major coastalupwelling system (the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem), the Benguela Current flowing northwards, thesouthward directed Angola Current and the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone formed in the transition zone of both watercurrents. This area has been insufficiently explored within the last decades and major gaps in biodiversity knowledge existto date. Two expeditions were conducted in 2004/2008, which collected benthic fauna samples. This is a list of brittle starsfound and a comprehensive research study relating to Ophiuroidea in waters off Angola and Namibia. 17 species could beidentified at depths from the littoral zone down to 125 m. The known depth and geographical distributions were extended for several species. Short diagnoses and ecological data are included.
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| 14. |
- Goharimanesh, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive identification key to all brittle star families (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) leads to revised morphological descriptions
- 2021
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Ingår i: European journal of taxonomy. - : Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle. - 2118-9773. ; 766, s. 1-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ophiuroidea is the largest class among extant echinoderms, with over 2000 described species assigned to 33 families. Here, the first identification key to the recently revised classification was developed, and revised morphological descriptions were derived from it, expanding the previous short diagnoses. The key was built by analyzing internal and external skeletal characters of predominantly the type species of each family, including at least two mutually exclusive attributes per family. Various numeric and multistate characters were used to create a traditional as well as an interactive key using the DELTA and Xper software programs. Illustrations (SEM and digital photos) are included in the key to facilitate the assessment of character states by users. Not only is it the first identification key to the families, according to the recently proposed new classification and the examined species, but this interactive key also assists users in understanding the family level taxonomy of brittle stars. The interactive key allows new characters and states to be added, when more species will have been analyzed, without the need to reconfigure the complete key (as may be necessary with conventional keys).
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| 19. |
- Hamel, Jean-François, et al.
(författare)
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Range extension and first record of the deep-sea brittle star Ophiactis abyssicola (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) in Canadian waters
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; (2021) 101:8, s. 1181-1184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the first records of the brittle star Ophiactis abyssicola in Canadian waters and range extensions of up to 1900 km in the Northwest Atlantic from previously known locations. Samples were collected off northern Labrador and the northern portion of insular Newfoundland (eastern Canada) at 433 and 1097 m depths, respectively. This newly recorded species of brittle star from the bathyal zone off Newfoundland and Labrador adds to the marine biodiversity of Canada and to the general distribution knowledge of O. abyssicola.
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| 20. |
- Horton, Tammy, et al.
(författare)
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Improving nomenclatural consistency: a decade of experience in the World Register of Marine Species
- 2017
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Ingår i: European journal of taxonomy. - : Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle. - 2118-9773. ; 389, s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Register of Marine species (WoRMS) has been established for a decade. The early history of the database involved compilation of existing global and regional species registers. This aggregation, combined with changes to data types and the changing needs of WoRMS users, has resulted in an evolution of data-entry consistency over time. With the task of aggregating the accepted species names for all marine species approaching completion, our focus has shifted to improving the consistency and quality of data held while keeping pace with the addition of > 2000 new marine species described annually. This paper defines priorities and longer-term aims that promote standardisation within and interoperability among biodiversity databases, provides editors with further information on how to input nomenclatural data in a standardised way and clarifies for users of WoRMS how and why names are represented as they are. We 1) explain the categories of names included; 2) list standard reasons used to explain why a name is considered ‘unaccepted’ or ‘uncertain’; 3) present and explain the more difficult situations encountered; 4) describe categories of sources and notes linked to a taxon; and 5) recommend how type material, type locality and environmental information should be entered.
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| 23. |
- KROH, ANDREAS, et al.
(författare)
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On the spelling of Antrechinus nordenskjoldi (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)*
- 2012
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Ingår i: Zoosymposia. - : Magnolia Press. - 1178-9905 .- 1178-9913. ; 7:1, s. 241-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spelling of organism names seems to be a trivial matter. A brief glance at the scientific literature, however, shows that it is far from that. In some cases, delving into these seemingly minor or even unimportant issues of spelling can turn up historical information germane to our science. Apart from simple misspellings and printing errors, differing ideas about the formation of names and the late onset of regulations (ICZN, ICBN) covering the naming and use of names are sources for different spellings. It was not until 1905 that a first internationally accepted version of what we now know as “the Code” was published under the name “Règles internationales de la Nomenclature Zoologique adoptées par les Congrès Internationaux de Zoologie”. The Code kept being emended after this first attempt to provide a unified set of rules for the naming and treatment of names and today, for animals, the 4th edition of the Code is valid (ICZN 1999).
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| 28. |
- Nethupul, Hasitha, et al.
(författare)
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New species, redescriptions and new records of deep-sea brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the South China Sea, an integrated morphological and molecular approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: European journal of taxonomy. - : Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle. - 2118-9773. ; 810, s. 1-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep-sea ophiuroids were collected by the manned submersible ‘Shenhaiyongshi’ from the South China Sea at depths of 500–3550 m, in 2017 to 2020. A total of 18 species were identified, including three new species and eight new records, increasing the total number of species known from the South China Sea to 304. Most of the ophiuroids recorded from the South China Sea were found in shallow waters (77.9%) and a few of them occurred only in deep water (20.4%). Three new species are described as Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., Ophiomoeris petalis sp. nov. and Ophiopristis shenhaiyongshii sp. nov. We provide comprehensive descriptions of morphological features, including characteristics of the arm skeletons, and a phylogenetic analysis based on COI and 16S sequences. Overall intraspecific and interspecific genetic distance variations among the families found in this study were 0.5% to 2.47% and 1.16% to 44.16%, respectively, along the South Pacific region to the South China Sea. Our phylogenetic analysis suggested that COI partial genes resolved the interspecies complexity in the class Ophiuroidea better than 16S partial genes. The order Euryalida had low interspecies genetic distance variation within the class Ophiuroidea. The present study suggests a high probability that species of Asteroschema and Gorgonocephalus are more widely spread around the Indo-Pacific region than previously expected.
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| 29. |
- Nethupul, Hasitha, et al.
(författare)
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Order Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), new species and new records from the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific seamounts
- 2022
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Ingår i: ZooKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; 1090, s. 161-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ophiuroids were collected by the manned submersible ‘Shenhaiyongshi’ from the deep-sea seamounts in the South China Sea and Northwest Pacific regions at 602–1920 m depth, during 2018 to 2020. A total of nine species was identified, including two new species and seven new records from the South China Sea and one new record from the Northwest Pacific region. Two new species are described as Asteroschema shenhaiyongshiisp. nov. and Asteroschema domogranulatumsp. nov. The seven new records included five species from the genus Asteroschema, and one species each from the genera Asterostegus and Astrodendrum. Comprehensive descriptions of morphological features are provided, including characteristics of the arm skeleton, as well as a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S and COI sequences. Intraspecific genetic distance ranges of Euryalida species from the present study were 0.34% to 1.38%, which was relatively low compared to other orders in the class Ophiuroidea. The present study suggests a high probability that species of the order Euryalida are more widely spread around the Indo-Pacific region than previously expected.
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| 30. |
- Nethupul, Hasitha, et al.
(författare)
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Review of Ophioplinthaca Verrill, 1899 (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Ophiacanthidae), description of new species in Ophioplinthaca andOphiophthalmus, and new records from the Northwest Pacific and the South China Sea
- 2022
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Ingår i: ZooKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; 1099, s. 155-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ophiuroid genus Ophioplinthaca is well characterized by the deep incisions in the disc. Prior to this study, it contained 32 accepted species, but species limits and geographic distributions were not well understood. The manned submersible vehicle ‘Shenhaiyongshi’ was used to collect ophiuroid specimens from the deep-sea seamounts and cold seeps in the South China Sea and Northwest Pacific at 602–3600 m depth, during 2018 to 2020. The genus Ophioplinthaca was reviewed using both morphological data and a phylogenetic analysis, based on COI sequences. The taxonomic status of the genus Ophiophthalmus Matsumoto, 1917, a junior homonym of Ophiophthalmus Fitzinger, 1843 (a reptile) was clarified by proving prevailing usage of the ophiuroid name. A total of eight species were identified, including two new species, described asOphioplinthaca brachispinasp. nov. and Ophiophthalmus serratussp. nov., and two new records. The new species are characterized by unique features of the arm skeletons. Tabular keys to all Ophioplinthaca and Ophiophthalmus species are provided. Interspecific and intraspecific genetic distance of Ophioplinthaca species ranged from 2.32% to 19.72%, and from 0.26% to 0.90%, respectively. The data suggest that species of the genus Ophioplinthaca are more widely spread around the Northwest Pacific region deep-sea seamounts than previously known.
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| 31. |
- O'Hara, Timothy D, et al.
(författare)
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Restructuring Higher Taxonomy using Broad-scale Phylogenomics: the Living Ophiuroidea
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 107, s. 415-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The power and throughput of next-generation sequencing is instigating a major transformation in our understanding of evolution and classification of life on our planet. The new trees of life are robust and comprehensive. Here we provide a landmark phylogeny of the living ophiuroids and use it as the basis for a major revision of the higher classification of this class of marine invertebrates. We used an exon-capture system to generate a 1484 exon (273kbp) data-matrix from DNA extracted from ethanol-preserved museum samples. We successfully obtained an average of 92% of our target sequence from 576 species spread across the known taxonomic diversity. The topology of the major lineages was robust to taxon sampling, exon-sampling, models and methods. However, estimates of node age were much less precise, varying by about a quarter of mean age. We used a combination of phylogenetic distinctiveness and temporal-banding to guide our revision of the family-level classification. Empirically, we determined that limiting family crown age to 110 ± 10 Ma (mid Cretaceous) selected phylogenetically distinct nodes while minimising disruption to the existing taxonomy. The resulting scheme of 32 families and six orders considerably expands the number of higher taxa. The families are generally longitudinally widespread across the world's oceans, although 17 are largely confined to temperate and equatorial latitudes and six to relatively shallow water (less than 1000 m depth).
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| 32. |
- O'Hara, Timothy, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification
- 2018
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Ingår i: European journal of taxonomy. - : Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle. - 2118-9773. ; 416, s. 1-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new classification of Ophiuroidea, considering family rank and above, is presented. The new family and superfamily taxa in O’Hara et al. (2017) were proposed to ensure a better readability of the new phylogeny but are unavailable under the provisions of the ICZN. Here, the morphological diagnoses to all 33 families and five superfamilies are provided. Ten new families, Ophiosphalmidae fam. nov., Ophiomusaidae fam. nov., Ophiocamacidae fam. nov., Ophiopteridae fam. nov., Clarkcomidae fam. nov., Ophiopezidae fam. nov., Ophiernidae fam. nov., Amphilimnidae fam. nov., Ophiothamnidae fam. nov. and Ophiopholidae fam. nov., are described. The family Ophiobyrsidae Matsumoto, 1915, not yet discovered in the previous publication, is added, based on new molecular data. A new phylogenetic reconstruction is presented. Definitions of difficult-to-apply morphological characters are given.
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| 33. |
- Peyghan, Soroor, et al.
(författare)
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New records of the brittle stars Ophiothela venusta and Ophiactis modesta(Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the northern Persian Gulf,with morphological details
- 2018
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; 4527:3, s. 425-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During a faunistic survey on two shipwrecks in the northern Persian Gulf, several species of ophiuroid were collected in 2015 and 2016. Ophiactis modesta is reported for the first time in the Persian Gulf and Ophiothela venusta is re-described, because it has likely been misidentified in the past, possibly confused with Ophiopsammium semperi. Both species were epizoic: Ophiothela venusta was found on octocorals, Ophiactis modesta on sponges. Ophiothela venusta is characterized by often bright and striking colour patterns with banded arms and large irregular patches on the disc, varying between combinations of yellow, red, blue, orange, black and grey. Its dorsal disc and arms are covered by rugose granules that vary in size and density. In comparison, O. semperi has a denser cover of smaller granules and a subdued uniform colouration. Ophiactis modesta is a hexamerous, fissiparous species that may be mistaken for Ophiactis savignyi. It can be distinguished by its large round to oval oral papilla and its smaller radial shields.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Stöhr, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from seamounts in the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean): first account, with descriptions of new species
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 92:5, s. 1195-1208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time, brittle stars were collected on two seamounts in the Andaman Back-arc Basin. Of the six species, two were new to science and are described herein asOphioleuce longispinumsp. nov. andOphiophyllum minimumsp. nov., in the family Ophiuridae, subfamilies Ophioleucinae and Ophiurinae, respectively. Skeletal details were studied and documented by scanning electron microscopy. Morphological similarities between related species are discussed in detail.Ophioleuce longispinumsp. nov. is particularly interesting, because it combines characters typical for its genus with those otherwise only known fromOphiophyllum, such as a limpet-like disc, a fringe of marginal disc papillae or spines, and a paddle-like modified lower arm spine. The remaining species,Astrophiuracf.tiki,Ophiactis perplexa,Ophiolimna antarcticaand an unidentifiedOphiura, are new records for the Andaman Sea.
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| 36. |
- Stöhr, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the southern coast of Turkey (eastern Mediterranean): new records and revision of Amphiodia obtecta Mortensen, 1940
- 2010
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; 2483:1, s. 45-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brittle stars were collected on the southern coast of Turkey in 2005 and 2009. The most abundant species found (up to 420 ind. m -2 ) was Amphiodia obtecta. The taxonomic status of this species was unclear and is revised here. This is the first record of the genus Amphiodia in the Mediterranean Sea; it probably originates from the Red Sea, since it is absent from the entire Atlantic Ocean. Among the other species found, Ophiactis macrolepidota (previously reported as O. parva in the Mediterranean) is a new record for the marine fauna of Turkey.
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| 37. |
- Stöhr, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of 2D SEM imaging with 3D micro-tomographic imaging for phylogenetic inference in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Zoosymposia. - : Magnolia Press. - 1178-9905 .- 1178-9913. ; 15, s. 146-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent efforts to reconstruct the phylogeny of brittle stars (ophiuroids) have shown the need for more objective and reproducible data collection methods than the traditional visual examination and verbal description of morphological characters. Complex skeletal structures may be better understood in three dimensions than in two dimensions obtained from techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We test this hypothesis using three types of three-dimensional tomographic imaging methods—lab-based micro-CT, X-ray microscopy and synchrotron-based tomography—to examine the morphology of ophiuroid arms, and compare them with two-dimensional data obtained from SEM. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of each instrument and set of parameters in terms of the ease and efficiency of data collection for morphometric analyses. We present new morphological observations obtained by digital sectioning of three-dimensional images that could not be achieved with SEM. Overall, our findings suggest that three-dimensional imaging has a high potential to address the gaps in knowledge of the internal ophiuroid skeleton, which will be pivotal to providing morphological characters that will aid in phylogenetic reconstructions.
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| 38. |
- Stöhr, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Deep-sea Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Danish Galathea II Expedition, 1950–52, with taxonomic revisions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5334 .- 1175-5326. ; 4963:3, s. 505-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The brittle star samples collected by the Danish cruise ‘Galathea II’ (1950–52) had not been studied completely. We examined the remaining deep-sea samples (>400 m) and present the species inventory, discussing taxonomic issues in relation to recent phylogenetic data. About 235 samples were examined, over 9,300 individuals, from 67 species and 74 sampling localities, at depths of 425–5340 m. The species complex Amphiophiura bullata (Thomson, 1877) is morphologically not well separated, but molecular data suggest at least two clades. We propose to apply A. bullata for Atlantic and Australian populations and A. convexa (Lyman, 1878) for the North Pacific clade. We consider A. bullata pacifica Litvinova, 1971 conspecific with A. convexa. Ophiuroglypha irrorata (Lyman, 1878) and its subspecies are a polyphyletic group with unclear morphological boundaries. We propose to transfer Ophiura ossiculata (Koehler, 1908), Ophiura plana (Lütken & Mortensen, 1899) and Ophiura scomba Paterson, 1985 to Ophiuroglypha. Silax Fell, 1962, until now synonymised with Amphioplus Verrill, 1899, is proposed as a valid genus with the species S. verrilli (Lyman, 1879), S. consors (Koehler, 1908), S. daleus (Lyman, 1879), S. patulus (Lyman, 1879) and S. magnificus (Koehler, 1907). Triplodia Turner & Hallen, 2011 (a replacement name for Triodia A. M. Clark, 1970, due to homonymy) is synonymised with Silax, and possible specimens of its type species Triodia abdita A. M. Clark, 1970 are analysed. The species limits of Ophiacantha cosmica Lyman, 1879 and Ophiacantha pacifica Lütken & Mortensen, 1899 could not be confirmed morphologically, but published molecular data suggest two clades. We propose to apply O. pacifica to the Northern/Central Pacific population and O. cosmica to the Southern Pacific/Antarctic population.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Stöhr, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological diagnosis of the two genetic lineages ofAcrocnida brachiata(Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with description of a new species
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 90:4, s. 831-843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The burrowing brittle-starAcrocnida brachiatahas so far been regarded as a single, easily identifiable species. Recent studies showed habitat-related differences in maximum size, life span, breeding time and recruitment between intertidal and subtidal populations, which at first were attributed to environmental effects on individuals within the same species. Molecular data, however, strongly suggested the existence of two distinct lineages and ultimately two cryptic species with clear bathymetric segregation. Morphological evidence had so far not been presented, because any differences were interpreted as intraspecific variation. We collectedA. brachiatafrom intertidal and subtidal habitats at the coast of Brittany, France, and examined 15 specimens of each group externally by SEM. A key character ofA. brachiatais that the scales at the edge of the disc and on the ventral side are conically enlarged. Intertidal individuals showed a sparser disc scalation, more spine-like than conical ventral disc scales and spatulate, distally widened arm spines. In addition, we dissected several specimens of different size and examined the internal skeleton by SEM. The oral plates showed a rib-like structure on their abradial face that differs between individuals from either habitat. Subtidal specimens have fewer ribs than intertidal ones. These consistent differences support the existence of two species withinA. brachiata. To describe the second species, we needed to establish the identity ofA. brachiata. We describe a neotype, because no type material has been preserved since it was first described; it corresponds mainly to subtidal samples. The new species is described asAcrocnida spatulispinasp. nov. The taxonomic status ofAcrocnidahas been debated over the years with reference to its close affinities withAmphiura chiajei. We compared the species ofAcrocnidawithA. chiajeiandAmphiura filiformisand found thatAcrocnidais indeed morphologically similar toA. chiajei, among other characters by a similar oral plate structure, whereasA. filiformisdiffers greatly fromAcrocnidaas well asA. chiajei. Most strikingly, it has a different type of oral plate. These findings indicate that fundamental taxonomic changes may need to be made in the family Amphiuridae in the future.
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| 41. |
- Stöhr, Sabine
(författare)
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New records and new species of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Lifou, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; 3089:1, s. 1-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New Caledonia is a species-rich region that has been the focus of biodiversity research for over 40 years. The expedition “Atelier Lifou 2000” collected benthic fauna at the island of Lifou, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia, in November of 2000. This is a taxonomic account of the brittle stars found. 94 species were identified, 51 of them new for the region, and seven new to science, increasing the total number of species known from the New Caledonia region to 204. New species are described in the genera Squamophis, Astroceras, Astrogymnotes, Ophiochondrus, Ophiomoeris, Ophiozonella and Amphipholis. Three species and a subspecies are revised, one of them placed in a new genus. The taxonomic status of Euryale Lamarck, 1816, a junior homonym of Euryale Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (a medusa), is stabilized by formally establishing precedence over the senior name.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Stöhr, Sabine
(författare)
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Ophiuroid (Echinodermata) systematics—where do we come from, where do we stand and where should we go?*
- 2012
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Ingår i: Zoosymposia. - : Magnolia Press. - 1178-9905 .- 1178-9913. ; 7:1, s. 147-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over 2,000 Recent species of brittle star are currently known. The most active period of species discovery was between 1850 and 1950, with an average rate of about 20 new species per year, but even today, an average of 7 species per year are described. The most prolific authors were R. Koehler, H.L. Clark, T. Lyman, T. Mortensen and C. Lütken. Early classifications divided the Ophiuroidea into Euryalida and Ophiurida. Matsumoto suggested in 1917 further subdivision, accepted by some authors, rejected by others. His classification is still the most comprehensive work available. A first modern cladistic analysis was presented in 1995 by Smith et al., but despite its shortcomings, no further attempts at reconstructing the phylogeny of the whole class have been made. It is becoming increasingly clear that Ophiuroidea have undergone rapid evolution after the great extinction event at the Permian/Triassic boundary, complicating phylogenetic analysis both with morphological and molecular data. Palaeozoologists still debate which ophiuroid group(s) survived the extinction. It has been suggested that the modern families Ophiuridae and Ophiolepididae may be traced back to the Palaeozoic, but the traditional view puts Ophiacanthidae and Ophiomyxidae at the root of the tree, with Euryalida as ancient sister group to Ophiurida. Unusual species with aberrant traits abound, but are still poorly understood. New morphological approaches, such as the study of the internal skeleton (jaws, dental plates, lateral arm plates), ontogeny and the role of paedomorphosis, as well as the extensive use of SEM for microstructure examinations, attempt to improve our understanding of the diversity and evolution of brittle stars.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Stöhr, Sabine
(författare)
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Phylum Echinodermata
- 2021
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Ingår i: Invertebrate Zoology: A Tree of Life Approach. - : CRC Press. - 9780367685676 ; , s. 533-561
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 46. |
- Stöhr, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Resolving the Ophioderma longicauda (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) cryptic species complex: five sisters, three of them new
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Jpurnal of Taxonomy. - : Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle. - 2118-9773. ; 600, s. 1-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The conspicuous Mediterranean brittle star Ophioderma longicauda (Bruzelius, 1805) has been discovered to represent a cryptic species complex, consisting of six nuclear clusters with contrasting reproductive modes (broadcast spawners and brooders). Here, O. longicauda is re-described. It is distinguished by a dark reddish-brown colouration both dorsally and on the ventral disc, and multiple tumid dorsal arm plates. One eastern Mediterranean brooding cluster is described as O. zibrowii sp. nov., characterized by a dark olive-green colour both dorsally and on the ventral disc, and single dorsal arm plates. Another brooder is described from Tunisia as O. hybrida sp. nov., with a highly variable morphology that reflects its origin by hybridization of O. longicauda and a brooder (possibly O. zibrowii sp. nov.), leaving the third brooding cluster as morphologically indistinguishable at this point and possibly conspecific with one of the others. The West-African O. guineense Greef, 1882 is resurrected as a valid species, differing morphologically from O. longicauda by predominantly single dorsal arm plates and light green or creamy white ventral side. Also from West Africa, O. africana sp. nov. is described, characterized by a dark brown colour, dorsally and ventrally, and single dorsal arm plates.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Stöhr, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species
- 2013
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Ingår i: European journal of taxonomy. - : Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle. - 2118-9773. ; :68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The taxonomy of the genus Ophiocoma was last revised by Devaney in 1970. Recent discoveries of new species and re-instatement of previously synonymized names suggest that we still do not fully understand the species limits in this genus. A recent biodiversity survey of the SW Indian Ocean shallow reefs strongly suggested an unrecognised species in the genus, closely related to O. brevipes/O. dentata. This study examined both the molecular phylogenetic relationships and the morphological characteristics of several species in the genus in order to characterise the unrecognised species. The focal species clusters with O. brevipes, O. dentata, O. doederleini within a monophyletic clade supported by molecular data for the first time. The name Breviturma subgen. nov. is proposed for this clade, previously known as brevipes group. Type material of nominal species that have been synonymized with O. dentata was examined and re-assessed. Ophiocoma marmorata proved not conspecific with O. dentata. A rarely used character, dorsal disc granule density, was tested and showed differences between the examined species at similar sizes. In combination with colour pattern, disc granule density, arm spine sequence and maximum disc size, the new species was delimited morphologically and described as Ophiocoma krohi sp. nov.
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