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- Angelöw, B., et al.
(författare)
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Arbetslöshet och kamp
- 1985
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Ingår i: Personal, 1985, 5, 56-57.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(författare)
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Contributions of stress theory to the understanding of helping
- 1991
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 5:2, s. 79-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper is theoretical, patient centred, and focuses on the two following questions: (1) In what way might a stress theoretical approach further our understanding of how helping can affect somatic and psychological processes in patients, and (2) in what way might stress theory offer action oriented guidelines for those who offer help ? A stress model is outlined involving relationships between a patient's cognitive appraisal of a given care situation, his or her coping efforts, and emotional and physiological reactions. Several conditions, related to the patient and to the care giving situation, which might influence the patient's appraisal process are discussed. Possible short- and long-term effects of helping in the somatic and psychological domains are presented. Two examples of common care situations are analysed to show how stress theory may offer helpers an action oriented tool. The concept of participatory caring, implying not only patient involvement but actual power sharing between patients and health professionals, is discussed.
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- Wilde, B., et al.
(författare)
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Quality of care from a patient perspective : A grounded theory study
- 1992
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 7:2, s. 113-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to develop a theoretical understanding of quality of care from a patient perspective, using a grounded theory approach. Thirty-five interviews were conducted with a sample of 20 adult hospitalized patients (mean age: 60 years) in a clinic for infectious diseases. Data were analysed according to the constant comparative method. A model was formulated according to which quality of care can be understood in the light of two conditions, the resource structure of the care organization and the patient's preferences. The resource structure of the care organization consists of person-related and physical- and administrative environmental qualities. The patient's preferences have a rational and a human aspect. Within this framework, patients' perceptions of quality of care may be considered from four dimensions: the medical-technical competence of the caregivers; the physical-technical conditions of the care organization; the degree of identity-orientation in the attitudes and actions of the caregivers and the socio-cultural atmosphere of the care organization. The model is discussed in relation to existing theories in the field.
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| 13. |
- Wilde, B., et al.
(författare)
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Quality of care from the elderly person's perspective : Subjective importance and perceived reality
- 1995
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Ingår i: Aging. - 1945-4589. ; 7:2, s. 140-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to carry out a theoretically-based survey of elderly persons' perceptions of quality of care, in terms of their evaluations of actual care conditions, as well as the subjective importance they ascribe to these. The sample consisted of 428 elderly (> or = 60 years) persons, in four different care environments: a geriatric department (N = 51); persons receiving home nursing (N = 111); nursing homes (N = 111); and service homes (N = 154) in two Swedish cities. Data were collected by way of personal interviews, structured from the questionnaire, Quality from the Patients' Perspective (QPP). The QPP is theory-based and consists of 40 items covering 17 factors. Each item was evaluated in two ways by the respondent: assessment of perceived reality, and evaluation of subjective importance (Likert scales). The results show that personal characteristics, such as age, sex, and self-rated health, had a limited effect on reports of what were regarded as highly important care characteristics, as well as on ratings of actual care conditions. Psychological well-being was strongly related to perceived reality ratings: a favorable well-being covaried with favorable ratings and vice versa. Considerable differences were noted in both types of ratings when the four types of care environments were compared. On the subjective importance scales, persons living in service homes reported lower scores, particularly on the scales designed to measure the medical-technical competence of the caregivers. On the perceived reality scales, the participants in service homes and the geriatric department scored lower.
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| 14. |
- Wilde, B., et al.
(författare)
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Quality of care from the patient's perspective : Development of a patient centered questionnaire based on a grounded theory model
- 1994
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 8:1, s. 39-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous study (Wilde et al. 1993), we developed a model of quality of care from a patient perspective using a grounded theory approach. The aim of the present study was to derive an instrument from this model. A questionnaire, Quality from Patients' Perspective (QPP), was developed which consisted of 56 items. Each item was evaluated in two ways by the respondent; assessment of perceived reality and evaluation of subjective importance (Likert scales). A personal quality of care index was computed on the basis of the relationship between these two scores. The QPP was tested on two samples, patients with infectious diseases (n = 147, mean age: 60 years) and nursing students (n = 103, mean age: 27 years). Patient's scores were factor analysed (principal factoring with oblique rotation) and 17 factors were extracted. Subgroups of patients were compared and correlations were computed between factor scores and self-rated health and well-being. Students also responded to a short form of the QPP (41 items) and personality scales. Correlations between these sets of variables were computed. The QPP was discussed in relation to existing scales.
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| 15. |
- Wilde Larsson, B., et al.
(författare)
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Patients' views on quality of care : A comparison of men and women
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 7:3, s. 133-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim This study set out to explore gender differences among medical and surgical acute care inpatients regarding their perceptions of actual care conditions as well as their evaluation of the subjective importance of various care conditions.Background Firstly, the literature reports inconsistent findings regarding male and female patients’ views on care. Secondly, the instruments used in most previous research are not derived from a patient perspective.Methods The sample consisted of 831 patients (48% were women and 52% were men) at two Swedish hospitals. Data were collected using the questionnaire ‘Quality from the Patient’s Perspective’.Findings Male and female patients tended to evaluate the actual care received similarly. However, women tend to assign the different care aspects higher subjective importance.Conclusion More research is needed to illuminate the reasons why men and women hold these different values. Until these issues are better understood, there is no valid basis on a group (gender) level to give specific practical recommendations to nursing managers.
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- Janson, Staffan, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Äldre i Värmland : Om hälsa, levnadsvanor och livssituation 2006
- 2007
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Landstinget har i samarbete med Karlstads universitet gjort flera befolkningsundersökningar i Värmland och publicerat rapporter om både den vuxna befolkningens och barns hälsa, senast med rapporten Värmlänningarnas Liv och Hälsa 2004. Någon befolkningsstudie av de äldres hälsa och livsvillkor har dock inte gjorts tidigare.Efter tre års förarbeten och samråd mellan landstinget, Värmlands kommuner och flera institutioner vid Karlstads universitet genomfördes den föreliggande studien av de äldres hälsa under senhösten 2006, i form av en omfattande postenkät. Urvalet utgjordes av 2500 slumpmässigt uttagna kvinnor och män som var 80 år eller äldre. Svarsfrekvensen var 60 procent, vilket får betraktas som mycket bra med tanke på att cirka 15 procent i denna åldersgrupp lever i särskilda boenden.Studien avspeglar således hälsan och livsvillkoren för de äldre. Överlag visar det sig att de äldre mår bra och har stor kapacitet att fungera som aktiva samhällsmedborgare. Samtidigt är det många som har kroniska besvär, med värk, syn- och hörselnedsättning, inkontinensbesvär etc. Det föreligger också en klar social gradient, där särskilt äldre kvinnor med arbetarbakgrund har både mer sjukdom och större ekonomiska problem än de övriga.
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| 29. |
- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(författare)
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Patient-nurse interactions : relationships between person characteristics, empathy, content of communication, and patients' emotional reactions
- 1990
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 4:3, s. 129-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relationships between antecedent person variables (sex and age), empathic understanding, content of communication, and patients' emotional reactions were studied in 3200 patient-assistant nurse dyadic interactions. The sample consisted of 32 psychiatric patients (20 males and 12 females, mean age: 61 years) and eight female assistant nurses at a nursing-home in Sweden. Four assistant nurses were younger (25 years old or less) and four were older (45 years old or more). All interactions were regular morning meetings at which the patient's activity plans for the day were discussed. These meetings were held in each patient's private room, and lasted for about 15 min. High empathic understanding on part of the helper covaried with more communication of "everyday character" and communication dealing with "personal and emotional qualities", with less communication dealing with "facts and practical issues", and with a more cheerful emotional state among the patients during the encounters. Male patients were more cheerful during encounters with younger assistant nurses while female patients were more cheerful when interacting with older assistant nurses. Helpers with higher scores on empathic understanding seemed to have a higher awareness of relational history.
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| 30. |
- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(författare)
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Routinization of stress control programs in organizations : A study of Swedish teachers
- 1990
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Ingår i: Health Promotion International. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0957-4824 .- 1460-2245. ; 5:4, s. 269-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to design and evaluate a stress control programme which can be carried out by employees in work organizations without direct assistance from specialists. The target group was Swedish high school teachers. Using a two-step model, so called health teams at six high schools were trained by a specialist. A health team is usually comprised of three to five voluntarily recruited persons, generally a school nurse and a few teachers. After this training, the health teams arranged voluntary circles with their colleagues at their respective schools. A treatment group of teachers (n = 56) followed the programme. Programme participants learned relaxation, discussed various aspects of stress, and were equipped with target group adapted training materials. The circles met five to eight times at 2–3 week intervals, 1–3 h per session; all sessions were held during the subjects' spare time. Compared with a control group of teachers (n = 33), the programme participants reported significantly different mean responses in the following respects at a post-training assessment: (i) fewer perceived stressors in the work situation; (ii) more use of emotion-focused coping strategies such as distancing, positive reappraisal, seeking social-emotional support, and self-control, (iii) improved health behaviour (drinking, exercise, nutrition, relaxation and smoking); (iv) fewer physical and emotional stress reactions; (v) a more cheerful overall mood state and a higher sense of well-being and work satisfaction; (vi) less work-related ill health; (vii) a lower intensity of reaction in response to daily hassles; and (viii) an increase in actions taken against stressors-individually and collectively-at work and in the private situation. It was suggested that routinization of stress control programmes in work organizations requires the following: the presence of goal-oriented and entrepreneurial intraorganizational change agents to lead the programmes, the presence of a specialist to train and supervise the local change agents, the availability of comprehensive and target group adapted (raining aids, and formal implementation of the programme in the organizational structure.
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| 32. |
- Lundberg, B, et al.
(författare)
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Man vill så gärna ropa hej
- 1985
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Ingår i: Värmlands Folkblad, 1985, 28 juni.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 37. |
- Nilsson, Kent W., et al.
(författare)
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Sense of Coherence and psychological well-being : Improvement with age
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 64:4, s. 347-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Psychological well-being is important for individuals, communities and health services throughout the world because of the costs associated with psychological ill-health and the loss of quality of life for those affected and their relatives. Following a salutogenic approach, there is a link between health-promoting resources, such as generalised resistance resources and a positive state of health. Generalised resistance resources have been proposed to relate to an individual's sense of coherence (SOC). The objectives of the present study were (i) to investigate SOC in relation to age and sex, (ii) to investigate psychological wellbeing in relation to age and sex, and (iii) to investigate the relationship between generalised resistance resources and psychological well-being. Methods A random sample of 43 598 respondents (54% female) aged 18-85 years participated in the present study via a postal survey questionnaire. SOC was measured by the SOC-13 and well-being by the General Health Questionnaire-12 questionnaire. Results Males had both stronger SOC and well-being compared to females. There was a relationship between SOC and age, with stronger SOC in the older age groups. There was a larger proportion of individuals who experienced well-being as a function of age. In addition, an increase in SOC was related to a decrease in psychological well-being, that is, a stronger SOC corresponded to higher well-being. Conclusion Males showed a stronger SOC and more well-being than females. Moreover, SOC and well-being increased with age in both sexes. Our findings suggest that SOC may develop over a entire lifetime.
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| 43. |
- Starrin, B., et al.
(författare)
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A review and critique of psychological approaches to the burn-out phenomenon
- 1990
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 4:2, s. 83-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the 70s the concept burn-out appeared in psychological literature on the helping professions. The concept has since then been ascribed several meanings, and critical voices have been raised against the lack of clarity and consensus in the definitions. The aim of this article was to critically examine the thinking on the concept of burn-out. The helping professionals--nurses, welfare officers, psychologists, medical doctors, etc.--have expanded rapidly since the 60s. It is stated that the issues on which burn-out researchers focus deserve the attention of social scientists in general. The major limitation in the literature on burn-out is that there is little analysis of the role of society and social conditions in producing the phenomenon. It is suggested that sociological analyses may have a contribution to make here.
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| 45. |
- Starrin, B., et al.
(författare)
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Att vara arbetslös kvinna
- 1985
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Ingår i: Tillsammans blir vi starka. - Stockholm : Prisma. - 915181837X ; , s. 73-98
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 46. |
- Starrin, B., et al.
(författare)
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Community types, socio-economic structure, and IHD-mortality : A contextual analysis based on Swedish aggregate data
- 1993
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 36:2, s. 1569-1578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of social and economic conditions for people's health has been receiving more and more attention during the past 10 years. The question that is raised in this study is if the link between socio-economic factors in society, seen in the more composite sense, and cardiovascular mortality are dependent on different socio-geographical contexts? Two contextual situations are used; one concerns the dimension which places the analysis in an urban-rural context and the other, the dimension placing it in a context which describes people's forms of work.The study is based on aggregated data on the social and economic conditions for men in the municipalities in Sweden for the period 1983–1987.The results show that the link between various dimensions of the socio-economic structure and IHD rates is more pronounced in the urban and white-collar community types than in rural and blue-collar communities. In the community type where the links are more pronounced the IHD rate is lower and in the type where the links are less pronounced the IHD rate is higher.The results are discussed in relation to different theoretical perspectives.
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