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- Mayes, Maureen D, et al.
(författare)
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Immunochip analysis identifies multiple susceptibility Loci for systemic sclerosis.
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 94:1, s. 47-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, 1,833 systemic sclerosis (SSc) cases and 3,466 controls were genotyped with the Immunochip array. Classical alleles, amino acid residues, and SNPs across the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region were imputed and tested. These analyses resulted in a model composed of six polymorphic amino acid positions and seven SNPs that explained the observed significant associations in the region. In addition, a replication step comprising 4,017 SSc cases and 5,935 controls was carried out for several selected non-HLA variants, reaching a total of 5,850 cases and 9,401 controls of European ancestry. Following this strategy, we identified and validated three SSc risk loci, including DNASE1L3 at 3p14, the SCHIP1-IL12A locus at 3q25, and ATG5 at 6q21, as well as a suggested association of the TREH-DDX6 locus at 11q23. The associations of several previously reported SSc risk loci were validated and further refined, and the observed peak of association in PXK was related to DNASE1L3. Our study has increased the number of known genetic associations with SSc, provided further insight into the pleiotropic effects of shared autoimmune risk factors, and highlighted the power of dense mapping for detecting previously overlooked susceptibility loci.
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- Rebaque, Virginia, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study of smouldering in wood pellets with and without air draft
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dry wood pellets (diameter 8 mm) of mixed Norwegian spruce and pine were tested in samples of 1.25 kg (1.7 l) in configurations with and without air draft from below. The pellets were placed in a vertical 15 cm diameter cylinder on top of a hot plate. Air draft inlet, when allowed, came through narrow openings in the cylinder bottom periphery. The bulk void of 36% formed channels for gas flows within the pellets bed. Initially, the samples were heated externally from below for 6 h. Time series of distributed temperatures were recorded, together with values of the mass. Smouldering with air draft was observed with two distinct behaviours: Type 1, where the sample after the period of external heating cooled down for several hours, and then increased in temperature to intense smouldering, and Type 2, where the sample went into intense smouldering before the end of external heating. Without draft airflow from below, the sample cooled down after external heating, before developing into intense smouldering about 20 h later. In all cases, the intense period lasted for 2 h. Typical temperatures were in the range 300–450 °C, while higher temperatures occurred in the intense period. Draft flow caused fast oxidation spreading, while slow without draft. Indications of oxidation spreading as a distriäbuted reaction were seen. Circulating air motions in the irregular void between individual pellets is discussed as an explanation for the behaviour. Uneven access to oxygen, with possibilities of locally excess air, can explain the peak temperatures observed. © 2019 The Author(s)
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- Valdés, Virginia, et al.
(författare)
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Smouldering fires in wood pellets: the effect of varying the airflow
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smouldering is a flameless form of combustion, deriving its heat from heterogeneous reactions occurring on the surface of the fuel when heated in an oxidizer environment. Smouldering is of interest both as a fundamental combustion problem and as a practical fire hazard, for instance in industrial storage units [1]. Many materials can sustain a smouldering reaction, among them wood pellets, which are becoming more widely used as an alternative to oil -fired central heating in residential and industrial buildings. Smouldering fires are difficult to detect, becoming a hazard that must not be underestimated [2]. The influence of varying the airflow, using two different configurations of smouldering combustion was studied: reverse and forward propagation. These are defined according to the direction in which the smouldering reaction front propagates relative to the oxidizer flow. In reverse smouldering, the reaction front propagates in the opposite direction to the oxidizer flow. In forward smouldering the front propagates in the same direction as the oxidizer flow: convective transport is in the direction of the original fuel ahead, preheating it before the smoulder zone is reached.
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