| 1. |
- David, I., et al.
(författare)
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Blended modeling in commercial and open-source model-driven software engineering tools: A systematic study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Software and Systems Modeling. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-1366 .- 1619-1374. ; 22, s. 415-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blended modeling aims to improve the user experience of modeling activities by prioritizing the seamless interaction with models through multiple notations over the consistency of the models. Inconsistency tolerance, thus, becomes an important aspect in such settings. To understand the potential of current commercial and open-source modeling tools to support blended modeling, we have designed and carried out a systematic study. We identify challenges and opportunities in the tooling aspect of blended modeling. Specifically, we investigate the user-facing and implementation-related characteristics of existing modeling tools that already support multiple types of notations and map their support for other blended aspects, such as inconsistency tolerance, and elevated user experience. For the sake of completeness, we have conducted a multivocal study, encompassing an academic review, and grey literature review. We have reviewed nearly 5000 academic papers and nearly 1500 entries of grey literature. We have identified 133 candidate tools, and eventually selected 26 of them to represent the current spectrum of modeling tools.
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| 2. |
- Scheuner, Joel, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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CrossFit: Fine-grained Benchmarking of Serverless Application Performance across Cloud Providers
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2022 IEEE/ACM 15th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing, UCC 2022. ; , s. 51-60
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serverless computing emerged as a promising cloud computing paradigm for deploying cloud-native applications but raises new performance challenges. Existing performance evaluation studies focus on micro-benchmarking to measure an individual aspect of serverless functions, such as CPU speed, but lack an in-depth analysis of differences in application performance across cloud providers. This paper presents CrossFit, an approach for detailed and fair cross-provider performance benchmarking of serverless applications based on a providerindependent tracing model. Our case study demonstrates how detailed distributed tracing enables drill-down analysis to explain performance differences between two leading cloud providers, AWS and Azure. The results for an asynchronous application show that trigger time contributes most delay to the end-to-end latency and explains the main performance difference between cloud providers. Our results further reveal how increasing and bursty workloads affect performance stability, median latency, and tail latency.
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| 3. |
- Scheuner, Joel, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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TriggerBench: A Performance Benchmark for Serverless Function Triggers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering, IC2E 2022. ; , s. 96-103
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serverless computing offers a scalable event-based paradigm for deploying managed cloud-native applications. Function triggers are essential building blocks in serverless, as they initiate any function execution. However, function triggering is insufficiently studied and inherently hard to measure given the distributed, ephemeral, and asynchronous nature of event-based function coordination. To address this gap, we present TriggerBench, a cross-provider benchmark for evaluating serverless function triggers based on distributed tracing. We evaluate the trigger latency (i.e., time to transition between two functions) of eight types of triggers in Microsoft Azure and three in AWS. Our results show that all triggers suffer from long tail latency, storage triggers introduce variable multi-second delays, and HTTP triggers are most suitable for interactive applications. Our insights can guide developers in choosing optimal event or messaging triggers for latency-sensitive applications. Researchers can extend TriggerBench to study the latency, scalability, and reliability of further trigger types and cloud providers.
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| 4. |
- Steghöfer, Jan-Philipp, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Design Decisions in the Construction of Traceability Information Models for Safe Automotive Systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering. - 2332-6441 .- 1090-705X. ; , s. 185-196
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traceability management relies on a supporting model, the traceability information model (TIM), that defines which types of relationships exist between which artifacts and contains additional constraints such as multiplicities. Constructing a TIM that is fit for purpose is crucial to ensure that a traceability strategy yields the desired benefits. However, which design decisions are critical in the construction of TIMs and which impact they have on the usefulness and applicability of traceability is still an open question. In this paper, we use two cases of TIMs constructed for safety-critical, automotive systems with industrial safety experts, to identify key design decisions. We also propose a comparison scheme for TIMs based on a systematic literature review and evaluate the two cases as well as TIMs from the literature according to the scheme. Based on our analyses, we thus derive key insights into TIM construction and the design decisions that ensure that a TIM is fit for purpose.
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| 5. |
- Steghöfer, Jan-Philipp, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The MobSTr Dataset - An Exemplar for Traceability and Model-based Safety Assessment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering. - 2332-6441 .- 1090-705X. ; RE 2021, s. 444-445
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MobSTr dataset contains a number of artifacts for an autonomous driver assistance system, ranging from textual requirements to models for system design and models relevant to safety assurance. The artifacts provided are connected with traceability links created and managed with Eclipse Capra, an open source traceability management tool. The dataset builds upon a custom traceability information model that provides type safety and semantics for the trace links.MobSTr is intended for researchers that work on software and systems traceability as well as on model-based safety assurance. It is already being used in a number of studies, including research on trace link consistency, change impact analysis, and automated analysis of safety and timing requirements.
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| 6. |
- Agrawal, Ankit, et al.
(författare)
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Model-Driven Requirements for Humans-on-The-Loop Multi-UAV Missions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 10th International Model-Driven Requirements Engineering Workshop, MoDRE 2020. - : IEEE.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of semi-Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs or drones) to support emergency response scenarios, such as fire surveillance and search-And-rescue, has the potential for huge societal benefits. Onboard sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) allow these UAVs to operate autonomously in the environment. However, human intelligence and domain expertise are crucial in planning and guiding UAVs to accomplish the mission. Therefore, humans and multiple UAVs need to collaborate as a team to conduct a time-critical mission successfully. We propose a meta-model to describe interactions among the human operators and the autonomous swarm of UAVs. The meta-model also provides a language to describe the roles of UAVs and humans and the autonomous decisions. We complement the meta-model with a template of requirements elicitation questions to derive models for specific missions. We also identify common scenarios where humans should collaborate with UAVs to augment the autonomy of the UAVs. We introduce the meta-model and the requirements elicitation process with examples drawn from a search-And-rescue mission in which multiple UAVs collaborate with humans to respond to the emergency. We then apply it to a second scenario in which UAVs support first responders in fighting a structural fire. Our results show that the meta-model and the template of questions support the modeling of the human-on-The-loop human interactions for these complex missions, suggesting that it is a useful tool for modeling the human-on-The-loop interactions for multi-UAVs missions.
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| 7. |
- Alégroth, Emil, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching scrum – what we did, what we will do and what impedes us
- 2015
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783319186115 ; 212, s. 361-362
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyses the way we teach Scrum. We reflect on our intended learning outcomes, which challenges we find in teaching Scrum and which lessons we have learned during the last four years. We also give an outlook on the way we want to introduce and apply Scrum in our teaching and how we intend to improve the curriculum.
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| 8. |
- Anders, G., et al.
(författare)
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Cooperative Resource Allocation in Open Systems of Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acm Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1556-4665 .- 1556-4703. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resource allocation is a common problem in many technical systems. In multi-agent systems, the decentralized or regionalized solution of this problem usually requires the agents to cooperate due to their limited resources and knowledge. At the same time, if these systems are of large scale, scalability issues can be addressed by a self-organizing hierarchical system structure that enables problem decomposition and compartmentalization. In open systems, various uncertainties-introduced by the environment as well as the agents' possibly self-interested or even malicious behavior-have to be taken into account to be able to allocate the resources according to the actual demand. In this article, we present a trust-and cooperation-based algorithm that solves a dynamic resource allocation problem in open systems of systems. To measure and deal with uncertainties imposed by the environment and the agents at runtime, the algorithm uses the social concept of trust. In a hierarchical setting, we additionally show how agents create constraint models by learning the capabilities of subordinate agents if these are not able or willing to disclose this information. Throughout the article, the creation of power plant schedules in decentralized autonomous power management systems serves as a running example.
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| 9. |
- Berger, Thorsten, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The state of adoption and the challenges of systematic variability management in industry
- 2020
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Ingår i: Empirical Software Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1382-3256 .- 1573-7616. ; :25, s. 1755-1797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Handling large-scale software variability is still a challenge for many organizations. After decades of research on variability management concepts, many industrial organizations have introduced techniques known from research, but still lament that pure textbook approaches are not applicable or efficient. For instance, software product line engineering-an approach to systematically develop portfolios of products-is difficult to adopt given the high upfront investments; and even when adopted, organizations are challenged by evolving their complex product lines. Consequently, the research community now mainly focuses on re-engineering and evolution techniques for product lines; yet, understanding the current state of adoption and the industrial challenges for organizations is necessary to conceive effective techniques. In this multiple-case study, we analyze the current adoption of variability management techniques in twelve medium- to large-scale industrial cases in domains such as automotive, aerospace or railway systems. We identify the current state of variability management, emphasizing the techniques and concepts they adopted. We elicit the needs and challenges expressed for these cases, triangulated with results from a literature review. We believe our results help to understand the current state of adoption and shed light on gaps to address in industrial practice.
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| 10. |
- Billawa, Priyanka, et al.
(författare)
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SoK: Security of Microservice Applications: A Practitioners' Perspective on Challenges and Best Practices
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud-based application deployment is becoming increasingly popular among businesses, thanks to the emergence of microservices. However, securing such architectures is a challenging task since traditional security concepts cannot be directly applied to microservice architectures due to their distributed nature. The situation is exacerbated by the scattered nature of guidelines and best practices advocated by practitioners and organizations in this field. In this research paper we aim to shay light over the current microservice security discussions hidden within Grey Literature (GL) sources. Particularly, we identify the challenges that arise when securing microservice architectures, as well as solutions recommended by practitioners to address these issues. For this, we conducted a systematic GL study on the challenges and best practices of microservice security present in the Internet with the goal of capturing relevant discussions in blogs, white papers, and standards. We collected 312 GL sources from which 57 were rigorously classified and analyzed. This analysis on the one hand validated past academic literature studies in the area of microservice security, but it also identified improvements to existing methodologies pointing towards future research directions.
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| 11. |
- Burden, Håkan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitating entrepreneurial experiences through a software engineering project course
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2019 IEEE/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training, ICSE-SEET 2019. - : IEEE. ; May 2019, s. 28-37
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skills and competencies in entrepreneurship, such as the ability to generate innovative ideas and the courage to engage with stakeholders and society, have gained importance in engineering curricula. In this case study paper, we report on how we have integrated entrepreneurial experiences into a software engineering project course and made the creation of value and reflection on the application of a structured process the heart and soul of the course. Based on current research on entrepreneurship education as well as the definition of entrepreneurial competencies used by the European Union, we show how the learning objectives, the teaching moments, the integration of external stakeholders, and the assessment work together to create an entrepreneurial environment in which students are encouraged and rewarded to work in an entrepreneurial way. Based on data from reflection reports, course evaluations, and interviews we discuss the pros and cons of our approach and how the student perception and expectations often run counter to the motivations of the course design. We thus contribute guidance for other teachers based on our own experiences in relation to the findings of our peers.
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| 12. |
- Burden, Håkan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching and Fostering Reflection in Software Engineering Project Courses
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Agile and Lean Concepts for Teaching and Learning: Bringing Methodologies from Industry to the Classroom. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 9789811327513 ; , s. 231-262, s. 231-262
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reflection is an important part of agile software processes as witnessed, e.g., by the Sprint Retrospectives in Scrum or by the various learning feedback loops in XP. Engineering education also emphasises the importance of reflective practice, e.g., in Kolb's learning cycle and Schön's reflection-in/on-action. Our contribution in this chapter is a toolkit for reflective practice that shows how reflection can be used by software engineering students for two purposes: to reflect on the application of a software process and to reflect on their learning process. In order to help students understand the purpose of reflection and how to approach reflection, we follow a cognitive apprenticeship approach in which the teachers reflect about the events in the course, their own goals, and how they are aligned with the teaching. Students are asked to reflect during supervisions and as part of their written assignments from the very beginning of the course. We thus combine a meta-cognitive approach where reflection is taught as a learning strategy with a common software engineering practice of continuous improvement through reflection. We evaluate the reflective model and a course design based on it through the student, teacher, and theoretical lenses based on empirical data.
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| 13. |
- Edholm, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Crunch time : The reasons and effects of unpaid overtime in the games industry
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering. - : IEEE. - 9781538627174 ; , s. 43-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The games industry is notorious for its intense work ethics with uncompensated overtime and weekends at the office, also known as crunch or crunch time. Since crunch time is so common within the industry, is it possible that the benefits of crunch time outweigh the disadvantages? By studying postmortems and conducting interviews with employees in the industry, we aim to characterise crunch time and discover its effects on the industry. We provide a classification of crunch, i.e., four types of crunch which all have distinct characteristics and affect the product, employees and schedule in various ways. One of the crunch types stands out from the others by only having positive effects on product and schedule. A characteristic that all of the types have in common is an increase in stress levels amongst the employees. We identify a set of reasons for crunch and show that crunch is less pronounced in game studios where prioritisation of features is a regular practice.
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| 14. |
- Entekhabi, Sina, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization of feature locations with the tool FeatureDashboard
- 2019
-
Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; B
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern development processes and issue trackers often use the notion of features to manage a software system. Features allow communicating system characteristics across stakeholders and keeping an overview understanding - especially important for systems that exist in many different variants. However, maintaining, evolving or reusing features (e.g., propagating across variants, or integrating into a platform) requires knowing their locations to prevent extensive feature-location recovery. We advocate the use of embedded annotations, added directly into software assets by the developers during development. To support this process and provide immediate benefits to developers when using such annotations, we present the open-source tool FeatureDashboard. It extracts and visualizes features and their locations using different views and metrics. As such, it encourages developers recording features and their locations early, to prevent feature identification and location efforts, as well as it supports system comprehension.
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| 15. |
- Heisig, P., et al.
(författare)
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A Generic Traceability Metamodel for Enabling Unified End-to-End Traceability in Software Product Lines
- 2019
-
Ingår i: SAC '19 Proceedings of the 34th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450359337
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mature development methodologies like software product line engineering or model-driven engineering are more and more adopted in software development. Accordingly, the resulting development processes combine artifacts from different disciplines and on different abstraction levels. It is crucial that the relationship between these artifacts is explicitly maintained to be able to track the development process and the reasons for design decisions. This problem becomes exacerbated if variability is considered since it is a cross-cutting concern that impacts all disciplines and artifacts. Traceability links support the linking of artifacts across model boundaries in an end-to-end manner. However, existing traceability solutions are either limited to specific development processes, tools, and artifact types, lack in uniformity, or do not consider variability. Thus, this paper introduces a MOF-based generic traceability metamodel for establishing uniform traceability-enabled workflows in a variability-aware and model-based environment. Necessary steps for instantiating the metamodel to specific artifact types of certain development processes are described. We evaluate the proposed solution with an exemplar of a car headlight and demonstrate the benefits of a consistent traceability concept.
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| 16. |
- Holtmann, J., et al.
(författare)
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Cutting through the Jungle: Disambiguating Model-based Traceability Terminology
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 28th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), 31 Aug.-4 Sept. 2020, Zurich, Switzerland. - : IEEE. - 9781728174389
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traceability, a classic requirements engineering topic, is increasingly used in the context of model-based engineering. However, researchers and practitioners lack a concise terminology to discuss aspects of requirements traceability in situations in which engineers heavily rely on models and model-based engineering. While others have previously surveyed the domain, no one has so far provided a clear, unambiguous set of terms that can be used to discuss traceability in such a context. We therefore set out to cut a path through the jungle of terminology for model-based traceability, ground it in established terminology from requirements engineering, and derive an unambiguous set of relevant terms. We also map the terminology used in existing primary and secondary studies to our taxonomy to show differences and commonalities. The contribution of this paper is thus a terminology for model-based traceability that allows requirements engineers and engineers working with models to unambiguously discuss their joint traceability efforts.
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| 17. |
- Holtmann, Jörg, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Exploiting Meta-Model Structures in the Generation of Xtext Editors
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Model-Based Software and Systems Engineering. - Lisbon, Portugal : SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications. - 9789897586330 ; 1, s. 218-225
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When generating textual editors for large and highly structured meta-models, it is possible to extend Xtext’s generator capabilities and the default implementations it provides. These extensions provide additional features such as formatters and more precise scoping for cross-references. However, for large metamodels in particular, the realization of such extensions typically is a time-consuming, awkward, and repetitive task. For some of these tasks, we motivate, present, and discuss in this position paper automatic solutions that exploit the structure of the underlying metamodel. Furthermore, we demonstrate how we used them in the development of a textual editor for EATXT, a textual concrete syntax for the automotive architecture description language EAST-ADL. This work in progress contributes to our larger goal of building a language workbench for blended modelling.
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| 18. |
- Holtmann, Jörg, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Migrating from proprietary tools to open-source software for EAST-ADL metamodel generation and evolution
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - ACM/IEEE 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MODELS 2022: Companion Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 7-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open-source software has numerous advantages over proprietary commercial-off-The-shelf (COTS) software. However, there are modeling languages, tool chains, and tool frameworks that are developed and maintained in an open-source manner but still incorporate COTS tools. Such an incorporation of COTS tools into an overall open-source approach completely annihilates the actual open-source advantages and goals. In this tool paper, we demonstrate how we eliminated a COTS tool from the otherwise open-source-based generation and evolution workflow of the domain-specific modeling language East-Adl, used in the automotive industry to describe a variety of interdisciplinary aspects of vehicle systems. By switching to a pure open-source solution, East-Adl becomes easier to inspect, evolve, and develop a community around. We compare both the mixed COTS/open-source and the open-source-only workflows, outline the advantages of the open-source-only solution, and show that we achieve equivalent tooling features compared to the original approach.
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| 19. |
- Holtmann, Jörg, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Processes, methods, and tools in model-based engineering-A qualitative multiple-case study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 210
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on model-based engineering (MBE) has occasionally touched upon the relationship between development processes and concrete MBE practices. However, the alignment of these elements has rarely been the central focus of these studies. As a result, important questions regarding the alignment of MBE and development processes, as well as the impact of development processes on the utilization and success of MBE, have remained unanswered. To address this research gap, we conducted a multiple-case study involving 14 individuals from nine different companies, conducting a total of 12 interviews. Building upon seven propositions derived from existing literature, our investigation sought to understand how MBE is aligned with the development process and explore the application of MBE in this context. Additionally, we identified challenges and needs in this area. Our findings challenge some previously reported results, such as the perceived conflicts between agile development processes and MBE. Furthermore, we unearthed previously unreported issues, like the importance of considering the perspectives of tool vendors in MBE discussions. Overall, this paper makes a significant contribution by providing a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on how MBE is integrated into development processes, along with an examination of the social and organizational aspects inherent to these processes.
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| 20. |
- Höttger, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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APP4MC: Application platform project for multi- and many-core systems
- 2017
-
Ingår i: it - Information Technology. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2196-7032 .- 1611-2776. ; 59:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since especially the automotive domain increasingly utilizes multi- and many-core systems, appropriate models, analyses, and tooling are required to address challenges that were nearly non existent so far. APP4MC is an open source Eclipse platform that provides AUTOSAR compliant common data models namely AMALTHEA, basic parallelization features, visualizations, and the great possibility to add any existing tooling. For example, Eclipse Capra can be added to provide comprehensive traceability throughout the development processes but any proprietary, commercial, open-source, or prototypical implementations can be integrated. The platform enables the creation and management of complex tool chains including performance simulation and validation. The entire community benefits from reduced hardware costs, faster time to market, higher quality systems, and rapid adoption. APP4MC is not retricted to the automotive domain and utilizable in robotics or generic real-time systems as well.
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| 21. |
- Kasauli, Rashida, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Charting Coordination Needs in Large-Scale Agile Organisations with Boundary Objects and Methodological Islands
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software and System Processes, ICSSP 2020. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 51-60
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale system development companies are increasingly adopting agile methods. While this adoption may improve lead-times, such companies need to balance two trade-offs: (i) the need to have a uniform, consistent development method on system level with the need for specialised methods for teams in different disciplines (e.g., hardware, software, mechanics, sales, support); (ii) the need for comprehensive documentation on system level with the need to have lightweight documentation enabling iterative and agile work. With specialised methods for teams, isolated teams work within larger ecosystems of plan-driven culture, i.e., teams become agile “islands”. At the boundaries, these teams share knowledge which needs to be managed well for a correct system to be developed. While it is useful to support diverse and specialised methods, it is important to understand which islands are repeatedly encountered, the reasons or factors triggering their existence, and how best to handle coordination between them. Based on a multiple case study, this work presents a catalogue of islands and the boundary objects between them. We believe this work will be beneficial to practitioners aiming to understand their ecosystems and researchers addressing communication and coordination challenges in large-scale development.
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| 22. |
- Liebel, Grischa, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Human factors in model-driven engineering: future research goals and initiatives for MDE
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Software and Systems Modeling. - 1619-1374 .- 1619-1366. ; In Press
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software modelling and model-driven engineering (MDE) is traditionally studied from a technical perspective. However, one of the core motivations behind the use of software models is inherently human-centred. Models aim to enable practitioners to communicate about software designs, make software understandable, or make software easier to write through domain-specific modelling languages. Several recent studies challenge the idea that these aims can always be reached and indicate that human factors play a role in the success of MDE. However, there is an under-representation of research focusing on human factors in modelling. During a GI-Dagstuhl seminar, topics related to human factors in modelling were discussed by 26 expert participants from research and industry. In breakout groups, five topics were covered in depth, namely modelling human aspects, factors of modeller experience, diversity and inclusion in MDE, collaboration and MDE, and teaching human-aware MDE. We summarise our insights gained during the discussions on the five topics. We formulate research goals, questions, and propositions that support directing future initiatives towards an MDE community that is aware of and supportive of human factors and values.
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| 23. |
- Liebel, Grischa, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the use of industrial modelling tools on modelling education
- 2016
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Ingår i: 29th IEEE Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training, CSEEandT 2016; Dallas; United States; 5 April 2016 through 6 April 2016. - : IEEE. - 9781509007653 ; , s. 18-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been stated that industrial-grade modelling tools are unsuitable for teaching modelling. We assume, however, that the experiences of the teachers and the students is strongly connected to the support available. In this paper, we present our experience with a university course on software modelling. In the first year of the course, we used a commercial modelling tool, in the second year the open-source alternative Papyrus. Our quantitative analysis shows that the industrial-grade modelling tools with all their complexity did not have a negative impact on the students' experience of modelling. We analyse why our experience differs from published accounts and conclude that the availability of a tool champion and tailored instruction material is key. From this, we derive lessons learned and give recommendations on how to successfully use industrial-strength modelling tools in the classroom.
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| 24. |
- Liebel, Grischa, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Ready for Prime Time, - Yes, Industrial-Grade Modelling Tools can be Used in Education
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It has been stated that industrial-grade modelling tools are unsuitable for teaching modelling. In this paper, we present our experience with a university course on software modelling. In the first year of the course, we used a commercial modelling tool, in the second year the open-source alternative Papyrus. Both tools are considered to be of industrial grade and used in industry. Our quantitative analysis shows that the industrial-grade modelling tools with all their complexity did not have a negative impact on the students' experience of modelling. This shows that industrial-grade modelling tools can be used in the classroom. We analyse why our experience differs from published accounts and conclude that the availability of a tool champion and tailored instruction material is key. From this, we derive recommendations for teacher support from tool-providers (vendors and open source), research directions for researchers and teachers, and for training efforts in the industry.
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| 25. |
- Maro, Salome, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Capra: A Configurable and Extendable Traceability Management Tool
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2016 IEEE 24th International Requirements Engineering Conference, RE 2016. - 9781509041213 ; , s. 407-408
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traceability is a known problem both in academia and industry. One of the main challenges is that there is no one solution that will solve traceability problems for everyone in industry. Traceability needs are dependent on the context of the organization and can differ from project to project in the same organization. To cater for this problem we have developed Capra, an open source, flexible, configurable and extendable traceability management tool. Capra can be tailored according to specific traceability needs of individual projects and organizations. © 2016 IEEE.
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| 26. |
- Maro, Salome, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Capra: A Configurable and Extendable Traceability Management Tool
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Requirements Engineering Conference. - : IEEE. - 2332-6441.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traceability is a known problem both in academia and industry. One of the main challenges is that there is no one solution that will solve traceability problems for everyone in industry. Traceability needs are dependent on the context of the organization and can differ from project to project in the same organization. To cater for this problem we have developed Capra, an open source, flexible, configurable and extendable traceability management tool. Capra can be tailored according to specific traceability needs of individual projects and organizations.
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| 27. |
- Maro, Salome, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Challenges of Establishing Traceability in the Automotive Domain
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Software Quality. Complexity and Challenges of Software Engineering in Emerging Technologies. - : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1348. - 9783319494210
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traceability, i.e., relationships between artifacts in software development, is prescribed by quality standards such as ISO 26262 and therefore mandatory for automotive companies that develop safety-critical systems. However, establishing traceability is a challenge for many automotive companies. The objective of this study is to identify traceability challenges and solutions in this domain and compare these challenges and solutions with the ones in literature. To achieve this, we conducted a case study with a large automotive supplier to discover their traceability challenges and a tertiary literature review on existing traceability literature surveys to identify reported challenges and their solutions. We found 13 challenges from the literature study, of which ten were also found at the company. Three challenges are solved at the company with solutions that correlate with those proposed in literature, three are partially solved while four are still unsolved even though there are solutions in literature.
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| 28. |
- Maro, Salome Honest, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Vetting automatically generated trace links: What information is useful to human analysts?
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2018 IEEE 26th International Requirements Engineering Conference, RE 2018. ; , s. 52-63
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated traceability has been investigated for over a decade with promising results. However, a human analyst is needed to vet the generated trace links to ensure their quality. The process of vetting trace links is not trivial and while previous studies have analyzed the performance of the human analyst, they have not focused on the analyst's information needs. The aim of this study is to investigate what context information the human analyst needs. We used design science research, in which we conducted interviews with ten practitioners in the traceability area to understand the information needed by human analysts. We then compared the information collected from the interviews with existing literature. We created a prototype tool that presents this information to the human analyst. To further understand the role of context information, we conducted a controlled experiment with 33 participants. Our interviews reveal that human analysts need information from three different sources: 1) from the artifacts connected by the link, 2) from the traceability information model, and 3) from the tracing algorithm. The experiment results show that the content of the connected artifacts is more useful to the analyst than the contextual information of the artifacts.
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| 29. |
- Maro, Salome, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Gamification on Trace Link Vetting: A Controlled Experiment
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality REFSQ 2019. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030155377
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- [Context] Automatically generated trace links must be vetted by human analysts before use. The task of vetting trace links is considered boring due to its repetitive nature and tools that are not engaging to the analyst. Therefore, a lack of developer engagement can hamper the successful implementation of a traceability strategy in an organisation. [Objective] In this study, we examine whether two gamification features, levels and badges, have a positive effect on human analysts’ engagement and ultimately on the quality of vetted trace links. [Method] We have conducted a controlled experiment with 24 participants that vetted trace link candidates and recorded their speed, correctness, enjoyment, and perceived usability of the tool. [Results] The results indicate that there was no significant difference between the speed, correctness, and perceived usability of the control and the experiment group. However, gamification features significantly increased the users’ perceived enjoyment. Levels and badges were perceived positively by the majority of the participants while some pitfalls and improvements were pointed out. [Conclusion] Our study indicates the need for further research as the results raise several questions, in particular, w.r.t. what analyst behaviour gamification incentivises, and the impact of gamification on long-term enjoyment.
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| 30. |
- Maro, Salome, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Managing Traceability Information Models: Not Such a Simple Task After All?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE Software. - 0740-7459 .- 1937-4194. ; 38:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Practitioners are poorly supported by the scientific literature when managing traceability information models (TIMs), which capture the structure and semantics of trace links. In practice, companies manage their TIMs in very different ways, even in cases where companies share many similarities. We present our findings from an in-depth focus group about TIM management with three different systems engineering companies. We find that the concrete needs of the companies as well as challenges such as scale and workflow integration are not considered by existing scientific work. We thus issue a call-to-arms for the requirements engineering and software and systems traceability communities, the two main communities for traceability research, to refocus their work on these practical problems. IEEE
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| 31. |
- Maro, Salome, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
On integrating graphical and textual editors for a UML profile based domain specific language: an industrial experience
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Software Language Engineering. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450336864
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) are an established means of reducing the gap between problem and solution domains. DSLs increase productivity and improve quality as they can be tailored to exactly fit the needs of the problem to be solved. A DSL can have multiple notations including textual and graphical notations. In some cases, one of these notations for a DSL is enough but there are many cases where a single notation does not suffice and there is a demand to support multiple notations for the same DSL. UML profile is one of several approaches used to define a DSL, however most UML tools only come with graphical editors. In this paper, we present our approach and industrial experience on integrating textual and graphical editors for a UML profile-based DSL. This work was conducted as part of an explorative study at Ericsson. The main aim of the study was to investigate how to introduce a textual editor to an already existing UML profile-based DSL in an Eclipse environment. We report on the challenges of integrating textual and graphical editors for UML profile-based DSLs in practice, our chosen approach, specific constraints and requirements of the study.
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| 32. |
- Maro, Salome, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Software traceability in the automotive domain: Challenges and solutions
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212. ; 141, s. 85-110
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the automotive domain, the development of all safety-critical systems has to comply with safety standards such as ISO 26262. These standards require established traceability, the ability to relate artifacts created during development of a system, to ensure resulting systems are well-tested and therefore safe. This paper contrasts general traceability challenges and solutions with those specific to the automotive domain, and investigates how they manifest in practice. We combine three data sources: a tertiary literature review to identify general challenges and solutions; a case study with an automotive supplier as validation for how the challenges and solutions are experienced in practice; and a multi-vocal literature review to identify challenges and solutions specific to the automotive domain. We found 22 challenges and 16 unique solutions in the reviews. 17 challenges were identified in the case study; six remain unsolved. We discuss challenges and solutions from the perspectives of academia, tool vendors, consultants and users, and identify differences between scientific and "grey" literature. We discuss why challenges remain unsolved and propose solutions. Our findings indicate that there is a significant overlap between general traceability challenges and those in the automotive domain but that they are experienced differently. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 33. |
- Maro, Salome, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Traceability Maintenance: Factors and Guidelines
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 31st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2016). - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 1527-1366. - 9781450338455 ; , s. 414-425
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traceability is an important concern for numerous software engineering activities. Establishing traceability links %that capture useful connections between software artefactsis a challenging and cost-intensive task, which is uneconomical without suitable strategies for maintaining high link quality. Current approaches to Traceability Management (TM), however, often make important assumptions and choices without ensuring that the consequences and implications for traceability maintenance are feasible and desirable in practice. In this paper, therefore, we identify a set of core factors that influence how the quality of traceability links can be maintained. For each factor, we discuss relevant challenges and provide guidelines on how best to ensure viable traceability maintenance in a practical TM approach. Our results are based on and supported by data collected from interviews conducted with: (i) 9 of our industrial and academic project partners to elicit project specific requirements, and (ii) 24 software development stakeholders from 15 industrial cases to provide a broader overview of the current state of the practice on traceability maintenance.To evaluate the feasibility of our guidelines, we investigate a set of existing TM solutions used in industry with respect to our guidelines.
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| 34. |
- Maro, Salome, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
TracIMo: a traceability introduction methodology and its evaluation in an Agile development team
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Requirements Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0947-3602 .- 1432-010X. ; 27, s. 53-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software traceability, the ability to relate software development artifacts such as requirements, design models and code to each other, is an important aspect in software development. It yields a number of benefits such as facilitating impact analysis and tracking software changes. However, for companies to reap these benefits, a proper traceability strategy-a plan for how traceability should be managed-needs to be defined and implemented. Existing literature lacks concrete guidelines for practitioners to systematically define such a strategy. In this study, we address this gap by defining a Traceability Introduction Methodology (TracIMo), which is a methodology for systematically designing, implementing and evaluating software traceability in practice. We used design science research to design TracIMo and evaluated it in a case study with an agile development team of a company in the finance domain. Our results show that TracIMo is feasible as it allows incremental definition and evaluation of a traceability strategy that is aligned with the company's traceability goals and the existing development process. We also report practical challenges encountered when designing a traceability strategy such as defining the right level of granularity and the need for defining intermediate development artifacts.
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| 35. |
- Mohamad, Mazen, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Asset-driven Security Assurance Cases with Built-in Quality Assurance
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Engineering and Cybersecurity of Critical Systems (EnCyCriS 2021). - 9781665445535 ; , s. 29-36
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Security Assurance Cases (SAC) are structured arguments and evidence bodies used to reason about the security of a certain system. SACs are gaining focus in the automotive domain as the needs for security assurance are growing. In this study, we present an approach for creating SAC. The approach is inspired by the upcoming security standards ISO/SAE-21434 as well as the internal needs of automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). We created the approach by extracting relevant requirements from ISO/SAE-21434 and illustrated it using an example case of the headlamp items provided in the standard. We found that the approach is applicable and helps to satisfy the requirements for security assurance in the standard as well as the internal compliance needs in an automotive OEM.
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| 36. |
- Mohamad, Mazen, et al.
(författare)
-
CASCADE: An Asset-driven Approach to Build Security Assurance Cases for Automotive Systems
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acm Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 2378-962X .- 2378-9638. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Security Assurance Cases (SAC) are structured arguments and evidence bodies used to reason about the security of a certain system. SACs are gaining focus in the automotive industry, as the needs for security assurance are growing in this domain. However, the state-of-the-arts lack a mature approach able to suit the needs of the automotive industry. In this article, we present CASCADE, an asset-driven approach for creating SAC, which is inspired by the upcoming security standard ISO/SAE-21434 as well as the internal needs of automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). CASCADE also differentiates itself from the stateof-the-art by incorporating a way to reason about the quality of the constructed security assurance case. We created the approach by conducting an iterative design science research study. We illustrate the results using the example case of the road vehicle's headlamp provided in the ISO standard. We also illustrate how our approach aligns well with the structure and content of the ISO/SAE-21434 standard, hence demonstrating the practical applicability of CASCADE in an industrial context.
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| 37. |
- Mohamad, Mazen, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying security-related requirements in regulatory documents based on cross-project classification
- 2022
-
Ingår i: PROMISE 2022 - Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Predictive Models and Data Analytics in Software Engineering, co-located with ESEC/FSE 2022. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 82-91
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Security is getting substantial focus in many industries, especially safety-critical ones. When new regulations and standards which can run to hundreds of pages are introduced, it is necessary to identify the requirements in those documents which have an impact on security. Additionally, it is necessary to revisit the requirements of existing systems and identify the security related ones. We investigate the feasibility of using a classifier for security-related requirements trained on requirement specifications available online. We base our investigation on 15 requirement documents, randomly selected and partially pre-labelled, with a total of 3,880 requirements. To validate the model, we run a cross-project prediction on the data where each specification constitutes a group. We also test the model on three different United Nations (UN) regulations from the automotive domain with different magnitudes of security relevance. Our results indicate the feasibility of training a model from a heterogeneous data set including specifications from multiple domains and in different styles. Additionally, we show the ability of such a classifier to identify security requirements in real-life regulations and discuss scenarios in which such a classification becomes useful to practitioners.
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| 38. |
- Mohamad, Mazen, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Managing security evidence in safety-critical organizations
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 214
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing prevalence of open and connected products, cybersecurity has become a serious issue in safety-critical domains such as the automotive industry. As a result, regulatory bodies have become more stringent in their requirements for cybersecurity, necessitating security assurance for products developed in these domains. In response, companies have implemented new or modified processes to incorporate security into their product development lifecycle, resulting in a large amount of evidence being created to support claims about the achievement of a certain level of security. However, managing evidence is not a trivial task, particularly for complex products and systems. This paper presents a qualitative interview study conducted in six companies on the maturity of managing security evidence in safety-critical organizations. We find that the current maturity of managing security evidence is insufficient for the increasing requirements set by certification authorities and standardization bodies. Organizations currently fail to identify relevant artifacts as security evidence and manage this evidence on an organizational level. One part of the reason are educational gaps, the other a lack of processes. The impact of AI on the management of security evidence is still an open question.
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| 39. |
- Mohamad, Mazen, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Managing security evidence in safety-critical organizations
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 214
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing prevalence of open and connected products, cybersecurity has become a serious issue in safety-critical domains such as the automotive industry. As a result, regulatory bodies have become more stringent in their requirements for cybersecurity, necessitating security assurance for products developed in these domains. In response, companies have implemented new or modified processes to incorporate security into their product development lifecycle, resulting in a large amount of evidence being created to support claims about the achievement of a certain level of security. However, managing evidence is not a trivial task, particularly for complex products and systems. This paper presents a qualitative interview study conducted in six companies on the maturity of managing security evidence in safety-critical organizations. We find that the current maturity of managing security evidence is insufficient for the increasing requirements set by certification authorities and standardization bodies. Organizations currently fail to identify relevant artifacts as security evidence and manage this evidence on an organizational level. One part of the reason are educational gaps, the other a lack of processes. The impact of AI on the management of security evidence is still an open question.
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| 40. |
- Mohamad, Mazen, et al.
(författare)
-
Security assurance cases-state of the art of an emerging approach
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Empirical Software Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1382-3256 .- 1573-7616. ; 26:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Security Assurance Cases (SAC) are a form of structured argumentation used to reason about the security properties of a system. After the successful adoption of assurance cases for safety, SAC are getting significant traction in recent years, especially in safety-critical industries (e.g., automotive), where there is an increasing pressure to be compliant with several security standards and regulations. Accordingly, research in the field of SAC has flourished in the past decade, with different approaches being investigated. In an effort to systematize this active field of research, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of the existing academic studies on SAC. Our review resulted in an in-depth analysis and comparison of 51 papers. Our results indicate that, while there are numerous papers discussing the importance of SAC and their usage scenarios, the literature is still immature with respect to concrete support for practitioners on how to build and maintain a SAC. More importantly, even though some methodologies are available, their validation and tool support is still lacking.
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| 41. |
- Mukelabai, Mukelabai, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
FeatRacer: Locating Features Through Assisted Traceability
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - 0098-5589 .- 1939-3520. ; 49:12, s. 5060-5083
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Locating features is one of the most common software development activities. It is typically done during maintenance and evolution, when developers need to identify the exact places in a codebase where specific features are implemented. Unfortunately, locating features is laborious and error-prone, since feature knowledge fades, projects are developed by different developers, and features are often scattered across the codebase. Recognizing the need, many automated feature location techniques have been proposed, which try to retroactively recover features, i.e., very domain-specific information from the codebase. Unfortunately, such techniques require large training datasets, only recover coarse-grained locations and produce too many false positives to be useful in practice. An alternative is recording features during development, when they are still fresh in a developer's mind. However, recording is easily forgotten and also costly, especially when the software evolves and such recordings need to be updated. We address the infamous feature location problem (a.k.a., concern location or concept assignment problem) differently. We present FeatRacer, which combines feature recording and automated feature location in a way that allows developers to proactively and continuously record features and their locations during development, while addressing the shortcomings of both strategies. Specifically, FeatRacer relies on embedded code annotations and a machine-learning-based recommender system. When a developer forgets to annotate, FeatRacer reminds the developer about potentially missing features, which it learned from the feature recording practices in the project at hand. FeatRacer also facilitates fine-grained locations as decided by the developer. Our evaluation shows that FeatRacer outperforms traditional automated feature location based on Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) - two of the most common methods to realize such techniques - when predicting features for 4,650 commit changesets from the histories of 16 open-source projects spanning an average of three years between 1985 and 2015. Compared to the traditional techniques, FeatRacer showed a 3x higher precision and a 4.5x higher recall, with an average precision and recall of 89.6% among all 16 projects. It can accurately predict feature locations within the first five commits of our evaluation projects, being effective already for small datasets. FeatRacer takes on average 1.9ms to learn from past code fragments of a project, and 0.002ms to predict forgotten feature annotations in new code.
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| 42. |
- Mukelabai, Mukelabai, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Tackling Combinatorial Explosion: A Study of Industrial Needs and Practices for Analyzing Highly Configurable Systems
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Automated Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 1573-7535 .- 0928-8910. ; , s. 155-166
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly configurable systems are complex pieces of software. To tackle this complexity, hundreds of dedicated analysis techniques have been conceived, many of which able to analyze system properties for all possible system configurations, as opposed to traditional, single-system analyses. Unfortunately, it is largely unknown whether these techniques are adopted in practice, whether they address actual needs, or what strategies practitioners actually apply to analyze highly configurable systems. We present a study of analysis practices and needs in industry. It relied on a survey with 27 practitioners engineering highly configurable systems and follow-up interviews with 15 of them, covering 18 different companies from eight countries. We confirm that typical properties considered in the literature (e.g., reliability) are relevant, that consistency between variability models and artifacts is critical, but that the majority of analyses for specifications of configuration options (a.k.a., variability model analysis) is not perceived as needed. We identified rather pragmatic analysis strategies, including practices to avoid the need for analysis. For instance, testing with experience-based sampling is the most commonly applied strategy, while systematic sampling is rarely applicable. We discuss analyses that are missing and synthesize our insights into suggestions for future research.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Sadovykh, Andrey, et al.
(författare)
-
REVaMP2 Project: Towards Round-Trip Engineering of Software Product Lines - Approach, Intermediate Results and Challenges
- 2019
-
Ingår i: TOOLS 2019. - Cham : Springer. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The REVaMP2 Project is a major European effort towards Round-Trip Engineering of Software Product Lines for software intensive systems. Indeed, software is predominant in almost every modern industry. The importance of time-to-market has grown tremendously in many business domains. Organizations are in a constant search for approaches for mass production of highly customizable systems. The software product lines engineering approach promises to provide up to 10× speed increase benefits in time-to-market. Traditionally, automated tools proposed a top-down approach, i.e., variants were generated from a model of the product line. However, the industry used a bottom-up approach that helped to re-create a product line out of various clones of a system. This operation is very costly and error prone. The goal of REVaMP2 is to automate the process of extracting a product line from various system artifacts and help with verification and the co-evolution of the product line. The project involves 27 partners that contribute with diverse research and industrial practices to address case study challenges stemming from 11 application domains. In this paper, we would like to present the motivation for the project, the current approach, the intermediate results and challenges.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Steghöfer, Jan-Philipp, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Challenges of Scaled Agile for Safety-Critical Systems
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. ; 11915 LNCS, s. 350-366
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automotive companies increasingly adopt scaled agile methods to allow them to deal with their organisational and product complexity. Suitable methods are needed to ensure safety when developing automotive systems. On a small scale, R-Scrum and SafeScrum® are two concrete suggestions for how to develop safety-critical systems using agile methods. However, for large-scale environments, existing frameworks like SAFe or LeSS do not support the development of safety-critical systems out of the box. We, therefore, aim to understand which challenges exist when developing safety-critical systems within large-scale agile industrial settings, in particular in the automotive domain. Based on an analysis of R-Scrum and SafeScrum®, we conducted a focus group with three experts from industry to collect challenges in their daily work. We found challenges in the areas of living traceability, continuous compliance, and organisational flexibility. Among others, organisations struggle with defining a suitable traceability strategy, performing incremental safety analysis, and with integrating safety practices into their scaled way of working. Our results indicate a need to provide practical approaches to integrate safety work into large-scale agile development and point towards possible solutions, e.g., modular safety cases.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Steghöfer, Jan-Philipp, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Combining PosoMAS Method Content with Scrum: Agile Software Engineering for Open Self-Organising Systems
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience. - : Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience. - 1895-1767. ; 16:4, s. 333-354
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we discuss how to combine the method content from PosoMAS, the Process for open, self-organising Multi-Agent Systems, with the agile iterative-incremental life cycle of Scrum. The result is an agile software engineering methodology tailored to open self-organising systems. We show how the methodology has been applied in a development project and discuss the lessons learned. Finally, we compare the Scrum version of PosoMAS to other agile agent-oriented software engineering methodologies and address the selection of a suitable process.
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| 49. |
- Steghöfer, Jan-Philipp, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Involving External Stakeholders in Project Courses
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Computing Education. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1946-6226. ; 18:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem: The involvement of external stakeholders in capstone projects and project courses is desirable dueto its potential positive effects on the students. Capstone projects particularly profit from the inclusion ofan industrial partner to make the project relevant and help students acquire professional skills. In addition,an increasing push towards education that is aligned with industry and incorporates industrial partners canbe observed. However, the involvement of external stakeholders in teaching moments can create friction andcould, in the worst case, lead to frustration of all involved parties.Contribution: We developed a model that allows analysing the involvement of external stakeholders inuniversity courses both in a retrospective fashion, to gain insights from past course instances, and in aconstructive fashion, to plan the involvement of external stakeholders.Key Concepts: The conceptual model and the accompanying guideline guide the teachers in their analysisof stakeholder involvement. The model is comprised of several activities (define, execute, and evaluate thecollaboration). The guideline provides questions that the teachers should answer for each of these activities.In the constructive use, the model allows teachers to define an action plan based on an analysis of potentialstakeholders and the pedagogical objectives. In the retrospective use, the model allows teachers to identifyissues that appeared during the project and their underlying causes. Drawing from ideas of the reflectivepractitioner, the model contains an emphasis on reflection and interpretation of the observations made bythe teacher and other groups involved in the courses.Key Lessons: Applying the model retrospectively to a total of eight courses shows that it is possible toreveal hitherto implicit risks and assumptions and to gain a better insight into the interaction betweenexternal stakeholders and students. Our empirical data reveals seven recurring risk themes that categorisethe different risks appearing in the analysed courses. These themes can also be used to categorise mitigationstrategies to address these risks pro-actively. Additionally, aspects not related to external stakeholders, e.g.,about the interaction of the project with other courses in the study program, have been revealed. Theconstructive use of the model for one course has proved helpful in identifying action alternatives and finallydeciding to not include external stakeholders in the project due to the perceived cost-benefit-ratio.Implications to practice: Our evaluation shows that the model is viable and a useful tool that allowsteachers to reason about and plan the involvement of external stakeholders in a variety of course settings,and in particular in capstone projects.
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| 50. |
- Steghöfer, Jan-Philipp, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Message from the SST 2019 workshop chairs
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2019 IEEE/ACM 10th International Workshop on Software and Systems Traceability, SST 2019. ; , s. VII-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Presents the introductory welcome message from the conference proceedings. May include the conference officers' congratulations to all involved with the conference event and publication of the proceedings record.
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