| 1. |
- Nord, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Role of policies on innovations in timber frame construction : Cases from sub-group Timber construction vertical value chain in COST Action E51 Integrating Innovation and Development Policies for the Forest Sector
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The enlargement of EU coupled with harmonization of regulations and standards have opened new market segments and geographical areas resulting in grown market shares and innovative behaviour of timber construction firms. The role of policies aiming at increased competitiveness and innovativeness of the European forest sector through integrating innovation has been studied within a COST Action running from 2006 to 2010. COST Action E51 "Integrating Innovation and Development Policies for the Forest Sector" aimed at increasing our understanding of the role of policies and development programs to improve competitiveness and specifically innovations in the forest sector. One of the sub-groups studied the timber construction value chain and the type and diffusion of innovations. This report presents empirical data of timber construction industries from eight European countries. The data include the general construction environment and the policy superstructure of each country and one characteristic example of innovation and innovation process within the timber construction industry of each country respectively. The description of the construction industry follows the concept that construction is a complex product system (CoPS, Hobday, 1998) relating actors in an innovation system approach manner. The timber construction industry is gradually moving from supplier to system integrators thus modifying the overall system.The results indicate a large difference between studied industries in terms of type of innovation, supportive actions from society and industry organizations, and the effect of the innovation on the overall building process and infrastructure.
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| 2. |
- Anders, Viking
(författare)
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Institutional complexity in Swedish built environment regulation : exploring the interface with industrialized house-building
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The industrialized house-building movement has emerged as aresponse to recurring criticism of the construction sector. It seeks toemulate management practices prevalent in manufacturing industries,including the use of standardized work processes and building systems.This approach does, however, make industrialized house-buildingcontractors susceptible to unpredictable variations. Swedish localplanning authorities have a legal and democratic mandate to regulatethe built environment within its borders and views variations betweendifferent municipalities as a desirable consequence of a functional localdemocratic system. Meanwhile, industrialized house-buildingcontractors have highlighted variations in regulation of the builtenvironment as obstructive to their intended methods of managing thebuilding process. The aim of this thesis is to increase understanding ofhow local planning authorities make interpretations when regulatingthe built environment and how those interpretations influenceindustrialized house-building contractors and to, within the ongoingresearch process, identify theoretical perspectives suitable for describingtensions in the interface between industrialized house-building andlocal planning authorities. The theoretical frame of reference for thisthesis consists of two major streams of organizational literature:organizational coordination, operationalized though the concept ofcoordination mechanisms, and neo-institutional theory, operationalizedthrough institutional logics and institutional complexity. Theoverarching research strategy is best described as a case study approachinvestigating cases of institutional complexity in regulation of theSwedish built environment. The design consists of one multi-casestudy relying on interviews with representatives of industrializedhouse-building contractors and local planning authorities and onesingle-case study investigating a longitudinal land development processusing a combination of interviews, direct observations and documentanalysis. Findings indicate that local planning authorities faceinstitutional complexity stemming from three semi-compatibleinstitutional logics that each prescribe different roles for planningpractitioners and expectations for their behaviour. As some planningpractitioners are more attuned to particular logics than others, it is difficult to predict, for each given situation, which logic will beactivated. Furthermore, findings indicate that institutional logics can beviewed as coordination mechanisms, thereby highlighting afundamental tension between the coordination preferences ofindustrialized house-building contractors and local planning authorities.This tension causes a lack of accountability, predictability and commonunderstanding resulting in an inability for industrialized house-buildingcontractors and local planning authorities to coordinate theircontributions in the planning and building process. The findings implythat industrialized house-building contractors and local planningauthorities should attempt to acknowledge each other’s participation inand contributions to the planning and building process. The findingsalso highlight the importance of interpretations for regulation of thebuilt environment, which implies that not all sector-wide problems canor need be solved through legislative action.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Björnfot, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A design structural matrix approach displaying structural and assembly requirements in construction : a timber case study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of engineering design (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0954-4828 .- 1466-1837. ; 18:2, s. 113-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fundamental demand of construction design is human safety from structural failure. As a consequence, buildings generally tend to be structurally optimized with cost as the main target parameter. However, a cost-suboptimized structural design often leads to poor constructability decisions with subsequent waste. This paper presents initial research in the development of a design structural matrix (DSM) method able to identify constructability obstacles between structural design and assembly and thus eliminate waste. Empirical data based on a case study of long-span timber structures is used in the development and analysis of the method. The DSM was found to be a holistic tool for systematic consideration of structural design and constructability requirements by providing a standardized system view, a detailed element view, and physical and functional interactions among elements and modules. The DSM was also shown to aid in detailed design and production management through the use of simple matrix tools.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Björnfot, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Product design for improved material flow : a multi-storey timber housing project
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - Sydney : International group for lean construction. - 1877040347 ; , s. 297-306
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding of construction has evolved to include a deeper understanding of its mechanics; in addition to traditional on-site work involving the manufacturing of building products - industrial construction. One of the most important aspects of any industrial process is flow of materials and resources. Using empirical data from a unique multi-storey timber housing project, this paper aims at building a better understanding of how product design affects flow of materials in housing construction. Even though a high degree of prefabrication was used in the project, the amount of complementary site work caused delays, complaints, and a slow learning cycle. A standardization process was used to shift product 'know-how' from person to product, resulting in increased flow and a reduction of errors. Prefabrication was not the sole solution to the encountered problems, but the controlled and ordered environment in prefabrication provided solutions at early stages. Instead of working towards solving the main production issues, the management was instead observed working with minor changes (first-aid solutions) to control flow. If industrialized multistorey timber housing construction is to be successful, product design decisions should be thought through, thoroughly, from start to finish using standardization as a guiding star
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| 8. |
- Björnfot, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Projekt: Installationssamordning
- 2010
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektet syftar till att arbeta fram en modell för hur modularisering kan utnyttjas praktiskt i byggsammanhang. Specifikt handlar det om att definiera och avgränsa moduler samt att redogöra för hur en teknisk plattform kan skapas som stöds av en individuell utveckling av moduler för tekniska installationer. Medverkande parter Universitet: Luleå tekniska universitet (LTU) Företag: Lindbäcks Bygg AB Norvag Byggsystem AB Moelven ByggModul AB Setra Group AB Martinsons Byggsystem AB
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| 9. |
- Björnfot, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Value delivery through product offers: A lean leap in multi-storey timber housing construction
- 2007
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Ingår i: Lean Construction Journal. - 1555-1369. ; 3:1, s. 33-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among large Swedish contractors there is currently a specialization trend towards an increased use of prefabrication and complete systems in housing construction. The Lean Construction development up to date has focused on the management of value delivery for complex construction projects. Typical Swedish housing projects do not experience this broad complexity; instead the main challenge seems to be to better specify and deliver customer value. Currently, the Lean Construction methods available are not by themselves enough for the generation of value in Swedish multi-storey housing construction. The aim of this paper is to examine the potential of the product offer (a well-defined and highly standardized building system developed from the value views of specific customers) as an aid in the generation and delivery of value for multi-storey timber housing construction.From the point of view of manufacturing and customer value, the product offer is considered a Lean strategy for integrated consideration of internal and external value. Case study experiences indicate that the product offer strategy provides stability and continuity for producers that in turn provides with Lean practices in marketing, design and manufacturing. Approaching Lean, small- to medium-sized Swedish producers should focus on improvements through Lean Manufacturing. However, since an emerging demand from the Swedish construction industry forces these producers to take a larger role in the construction process, more construction related Lean improvements must also be considered. In this regard, the product offer is demonstrated to be a promising Lean strategy for the Swedish housing industry.
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| 10. |
- Fransson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Sea ice properties studied from the icebreaker Tor during BEPERS-88
- 1990
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report presents sea ice data taken during BEPERS-88 experiment in the Bothnian Bay. Several physical properties are presented and analysed. In general, the data illustrate that sea ice is a most complex medium with horizontal and vertical variations. Any analysis of remotely sensed data must therefore carefully consider the ground truth data.
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| 11. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Indications of Recovery from Hypoxia in the Inner Stockholm Archipelago
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 39:7, s. 486-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved benthic conditions compared to the 1990s were found during benthic investigations, including sediment and benthic macrofauna in the inner Stockholm archipelago during 2008. In the 1990s, these areas were dominated by black and laminated surface sediments and very sparse fauna. A clear relationship was found when comparing sediment status with the benthic macrofauna. Reduced surface sediment and impoverished macroinvertebrate community was only found at one sampling station representing an enclosed part of the inner archipelago, whereas the other seven stations, with depths ranging from 20 to 50 m, had oxidized surface sediments and considerable biomasses of benthic macrofauna (6-65 g m(-2)) dominated by the invading polychaete Marenzelleria neglecta. An extrapolation of the results shows that, within the investigated area, the coverage of reduced surface sediments had decreased from approximately 17% in the late 1990s to 4% in 2008.
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| 12. |
- Lennartsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Lean modular design : value-based progress of industrialised housing
- 2008
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Ingår i: IGLC 16 Proceedings. - : University of Salford, U.K.. - 9781905732456 ; , s. 541-551
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the core ideas of Lean Construction is that the process of designing and producing a construction product should progress continuously and create value for both the customer and the delivery team. The hypothesis in this paper is that modularisation has potential as a method for value management. The aim is to describe how modularisation, in a lean context, can be used as a tool to facilitate the management of internal and external values in industrialised housing. The paper will explore the theory of modularisation and its drivers and examine how the method can promote value management. Modularisation is then explored in practice, using empirical knowledge from the building service systems (HVAC, electricity, etc.) development process at five Swedish multi-storey timber housing producers. The analysis point out the importance of decomposing the modularisation process into a jointly performed industry phase where modules are designed, followed by a company internal product development process that complies to the modules. This paper concludes that it is not the product decomposition into modules that is of importance, rather the process that strives to balance internal and external values.
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| 13. |
- Lennartsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Production control through modularisation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings IGLC 17. ; , s. 453-464
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, the industrial housing trade has developed for many years with the salient idea of improving production control through an increased level of prefabrication. However, production variability is a consistent issue as work is still sub-optimised, resulting in a fragmented production process. Consequently, problems arise when prefabricated parts and components are assembled. The building services are often a source of high variability (many different components and subcontractors), leading to reduced production control. The aim of this paper is to present how modularisations can provide prerequisites for production control in service system design.So far, modularisation has only rendered little attention in Lean construction. In this paper, a modularisation development effort of five Swedish industrial housing ompanies is reported. To generate a relevant set of modules, several workshops were held together with company representatives and building service consultants. The Design Structure Matrix (DSM) was used to detect the lowest common geometrical denominator of the building service systems as well as crucial connection points and interfaces. Combining the DSM with qualitative module drivers generates a design for service system modules facilitating improved production control.
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| 14. |
- Lessing, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Industrialised house-building : development and conceptual orientation of the field
- 2015
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Ingår i: Construction Innovation. - 1471-4175 .- 1477-0857. ; 15:3, s. 378-399
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThis article describes the development of industrialised house-building (IHB) in order to increase the understanding of the field.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on an extensive literature study and a case study with three companies, studied between 2005 and 2013, which enabled an in-depth knowledge about the companies’ development within industrialised house-building. Interviews, observations and document studies are the main sources of information in the case studies.FindingsIndustrialised house-building is a complex field, consisting of several constructs that need to be integrated and continuously developed. Development of structured technical building systems has been central to the development of IHB along with developed production methods and processes. The interest in organisational fit or adaptation to industrialisation and strategy concerning business, production and products is increasing. This implies that IHB needs to be managed strategically and not on a building project level.Practical implicationsThe article gives an orientation on how leading companies have structured and organised their work within industrialisation, giving valuable advice to practitioners with interest in the field.Originality/valueThis article describes the development of industrialised house-building based on studies of literature and three Swedish IHB companies’ development. This provides an aggregated view of the field’s emergence and unique information about the studied companies’ development
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| 15. |
- Lessing, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Industrialised housing : definition and categorization of the concept
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - Sydney : International group for lean construction. - 1877040347 ; , s. 471-480
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new and developed concept of industrialised housing is emerging in the Swedish building industry today. The general opinion is that industrialised housing contains the answer to many of the problems in the building sector. The paper presents a comprehensive definition of industrialised housing, points at its corner stones and key characteristics and discusses how it relates to the paradigms of lean and agile production. Eight characteristic areas are identified: Planning and control of the processes, Developed technical systems, Off-site manufacturing of building parts, Long-term relations between participants, Supply chain management integrated in the construction process, Customer focus, Use of information and communication technology, Systematic performance measuring and re-use of experiences. A categorization model is developed that allows an assessment of the degrees of implementation and fulfillment for each area. The categorization aims at pointing out the areas of strengths and weaknesses of companies working with industrialised housing. The categorization model is tested on two leading Swedish industrialised housing companies working with different frame systems and different organisational set up.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Nygren, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Arbogaåns avrinningsområde : Recipientkontroll 2015
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Institutionen för vatten och miljö vid SLU har på uppdrag av Arbogaåns vattenförbund varit utförare av recipientkontrollprogrammet för Arbogaåns avrinningsområde under 2015. Prov för vattenkemiska och biologiska analyser har tagits på 27 platser i rinnande vattendrag, samt i 16 sjöar inom Arbogaaåns vattensystem. Denna rapport redovisar resultaten från dessa undersökningar och klassning av ekologisk status, avseende analyserade parametrar vid stationerna, enligt Naturvårdsverkets bedömningsgrunder 2007 (NV 2007:4, Bilaga A: Bedömningsgrunder för sjöar och vattendrag) och Havs- och vattenmyndighetens föreskrifter om klassificering och miljökvalitetsnormer avseende ytvatten (HVMFS 2013:19). Väder och vattenföring Året 2015 hamnade på tredje plats bland de varmaste åren i Sverige. Det var framförallt i början och slutet av året som man hade de största temeraturöverskotten medan för årstiden ovanligt kyligt väder under maj, juni och delar av juli drog ner årsmedeltemperaturen. När det gäller nederbörd så var det stora variationer så att i princip varannan månad gav nederbörd över eller mycket över det normala medan övriga månader låg under eller mycket under. Vattenföringen vid pegelstationerna i området låg mestadels nära medel för perioden 1978-2015. Vattenkemi De lägsta halterna av näringsämnen i både sjöar och vattendrag uppmättes liksom tidigare år i de norra och västra delarna av Arbogaåns avrinningsområde där andelen skog är stor. Halten av fosfor i sjöarna var 2015 högst i Väringen (6070) medan den högsta kvävehalten uppmättes i Vikern (6310). Transporten av näringsämnen i vattendragen ökar successivt mot Arbogåns mynning. Anledningen är att vattenföringen ökar nedåt i systemet samt att halterna av kväve och fosfor också ökar i och med att andelen jordbruksmark är större i den nedre delen. Det tillkommer också punktkällor från ett antal avloppsreningsverk vilket ökar belastningen nedåt i systemet. Belastningen av kväve och fosfor på Mälaren från Arbogaån varierar mellan åren, till stor del beroende på variationer i vattenföringen (figur A). En viss trend kan dock anas att efter en nedgång runt år 2000 så ökar transporten av näringsämnen åter långsamt. Efter 2012 och 2014 års toppnoteringar är 2015 års transport åter lägre men fortfarande den femte högsta noteringen sedan 1997. De högsta siktdjupen och lägsta klorofyllhalterna återfanns i de norra och västra delarna av avrinningsområdet (område E och D) medan de lägsta siktdjupen uppmättes i de södra och östra delarna (område A, B och C). De högsta klorofyllhalterna var inte lika tydligt associerade till delområde utan återfanns i princip spridda över alla områden. Biologi De biologiska provtagningarna fokuserade i år helt på bottenfauna i vattendrag. Den ekologiska statu-sen bedömd med hjälp av bottenfauna var vid alla provpunkter utom Hagbyåns inflöde till Norasjön (6330) och Arbogaåns inflöde i Väringen (6065) oförändrat hög eller god 2015 (figur B). Stationen vid inflödet till Norasjön visar en fortsatt sjunkande trend men bibehåller måttlig ekologisk status. Även status vid inflödet till Väringen har försämrats till måttlig. Sammanställning av statusklassningVi sammanvägning av alla analyserade kvalitetselement är statusen generellt hög eller god i merparten av sjöarna och vattendragen i norra och västra delen av avrinningsområdet med några undantag (figur B). Statusklassningarna kring och nedströms Väringen visar mestadels på måttlig till god status.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Nygren, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Eskilstunaåns avrinningsområde : Recipientkontroll 2015
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- -Institutionen för vatten och miljö vid SLU har på uppdrag av Hjälmarens vattenvårdsförbund varit utförare av recipientkontrollprogrammet för Eskilstunaåns avrinningsområde under 2015. Prov för vattenkemiska och biologiska analyser har tagits på 29 platser i rinnande vattendrag, samt i 13 sjöar (figur A) inom Eskilstunaåns vattensystem. Denna rapport redovisar en sammanfattning av resultaten från dessa undersökningar och klassning av den ekologiska statusen vid stationerna enligt Naturvårdsverkets bedömningsgrunder 2007 (NV 2007:4 Bilaga A) samt Havs- och vattenmyndighetens föreskrifter om klassificering och miljökvalitetsnormer avseende ytvatten (HVMFS 2013:19). Väder och vattenföring Året 2015 hamnade på tredje plats bland de varmaste åren i Sverige. Det var framförallt i början och slutet av året som man hade de största temperaturöverskotten medan för årstiden ovanligt kyligt väder under maj, juni och delar av juli drog ner årsmedeltemperaturen.I princip gav varannan månad nederbörd över eller mycket över det normala medan övriga månader låg under eller mycket under. Vattenföringen låg nära eller under medel för mätperioden under de flesta av årets månader. Vattenkemi Halterna av näringsämnen är högst i Hjälmaren och Öljaren där andelen jordbruksmark i området är större än längre upp i avrinningsområdet. Högst halt av totalfosfor erhölls 2015 liksom tidigare år i Öljaren (4010) men Hemfjärden (9010) i Hjälmaren låg nästan lika högt. Den högsta kvävehalten återfanns i Hemfjärden med Öljaren och Mellanfjärden (9020) strax under. Belastningen av kväve och fosfor på Mälaren från Eskilstunaån visar inte på någon tydlig monoton trend sedan mätningarna startade 1997. Ett visst mönster kan man emellertid se. Efter en kraftig minskning av både fosfor och kväve i början av 2000-talet tycks halterna öka igen. Skillnaden mellan åren är dock stor och den beror till stor del på variationer i vattenföringen (figur A). Lägst klorofyllhalt och störst siktdjup finner man i sjöar i de västra delarna av avrinningsområdet. Störst siktdjup uppmättes även detta år i Östra Laxsjön där också klorofyllhalten var lägst. De högsta klorofyllhalterna återfanns i Öljaren och Hjälmaren där också de lägsta siktdjupen uppmättes. Vid årets provtagning var klorofyllhalten i Hjälmaren betydligt lägre än de två föregående åren vid alla provplatser. Detta till trots är det inga stora skillnader i siktdjup mellan åren. Biologi Samtliga stationer i Hjälmaren är av växtplanktonutvecklingen att döma mer eller mindre tydligt på- verkade av fosforbelastning (jämför rapporten SLU 2014:10). En statusklassning baserad på de senaste tre årens sammanvägda värden ger vid handen att status 2015 är fortsatt otillfredsställande men svagt stigande i Hemfjärden och Mellanfjärden, otillfredsställande och oförändrade i Östra Hjälmaren samt måttlig och fortsatt stigande i Storhjälmaren. Liksom 2014 hade alla vattendragsstationer även 2015 en bottenfauna med litet antal arter och låg biologisk mångfald. Surhetsindexet MISA har indikerat nära neutrala förhållanden i alla stationer i Eskilstunaåns nedströms Hjälmaren. Den ekologiska statusen avseende bottenfauna vid undersökningspunkterna är 2015 god till hög. Liksom året innan visar Frommestabäcken-Ekeby sämre resultat än tidigare under 10-talet och erhåller bara god status. I Eskils-tunaån vid vattenverket samt nedströms Torshälla är den ekologiska statusen oförändrat hög. Indexen för Eskiltunaån nedströms avloppsverket har fluktuerat men visar i år liksom 2014 på god status. Sammanställning av statusklassningar Statusklassningen av vattendragen i den västra delen (delområde A), visade alla detta år på god eller hög status (figur B). I de södra delarna (delområde C och E), samt i Svartåns nedre del (delområde B), var statusen i vattendragen med några undantag måttlig. Lillån från Logsjön (2410) erhöll otillfredsställande status medan Vibysjöns utlopp (3010, Svartån, Karlslund (2070) och Frommestabäcken vid Ekeby (3210) erhöll god status. Vattendragen öster om Hjälmaren (delområde G) erhöll alla god status. Avseende sjöarna så visade Toften och Storhjälmaren och Näshultasjön måttlig status, medan övriga fjärdar i Hjälmaren visade otillfredsställande och Öljaren dålig status. Övriga sjöar visade på god eller hög status. Till viss del beror skillnader mellan åren på att olika antal kvalitetselement ingått olika år eftersom den biologiska provtagningen på många stationer bara sker vissa år. För en fullständig klassning av ekologisk status ska även hydromorfologiska kvalitetsfaktorer beaktas, men dessa ingår inte i uppdraget.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Viking, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Swedish local planning authorities' perceptions of standardized housing construction
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procs 31st Annual ARCOM Conference. - Reading : Association of Researchers in Construction Management. - 9780955239090 ; , s. 1053-1062
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore how Swedish Local Planning Authorities perceive standardized housing construction and attempt to use an ideal type typology of institutional logics to describe how Local Planning Authorities make use of the multiple institutional logics available to them. Increased standardization in Swedish housing construction has been suggested as a means to meet the growing need for housing with reasonable rent levels. However, housing contractors that use standardization and repetition of processes and components claim that the variation of requirements set by Local Planning Authorities prevents them from taking full advantage of their standardization. A recent empirical study of standardized housing contractors’ perceptions suggests that Local Requirement Setting, the requirement setting practices of Local Planning Authorities, are interpretational responses to a lack of familiarity with standardized housing construction. Yet, Local Planning Authorities’ perceptions of standardized housing construction have never previously been explored. Empirical material for this on-going study was collected through in-depth exploratory interviews with local planning officers from three municipalities situated in Swedish population growth regions. Findings suggest that Local Planning Authorities perceive potential benefits with standardization, but ultimately expect standardized housing concepts to adapt to local standards for processes and products. In projects with high ambitions for architectural quality standardized housing concepts need to be highly flexible. Conversely, highly standardized housing concepts benefit from project ambitions that favour reasonable rent levels. Therefore, Local Requirement Setting is indicative of a mismatch between the Local Planning Authority’s project ambitions and the standardized housing contractor’s degree of product standardization.
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