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Sökning: WFRF:(Steiger J)

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1.
  • Smerdon, J. E., et al. (författare)
  • Comparing proxy and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 13:12, s. 1851-1900
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Water availability is fundamental to societies and ecosystems, but our understanding of variations in hydroclimate (including extreme events, flooding, and decadal periods of drought) is limited because of a paucity of modern instrumental observations that are distributed unevenly across the globe and only span parts of the 20th and 21st centuries. Such data coverage is insufficient for characterizing hydroclimate and its associated dynamics because of its multidecadal to centennial variability and highly regionalized spatial signature. High-resolution (seasonal to decadal) hydroclimatic proxies that span all or parts of the Common Era (CE) and paleoclimate simulations from climate models are therefore important tools for augmenting our understanding of hydroclimate variability. In particular, the comparison of the two sources of information is critical for addressing the uncertainties and limitations of both while enriching each of their interpretations. We review the principal proxy data available for hydroclimatic reconstructions over the CE and highlight the contemporary understanding of how these proxies are interpreted as hydroclimate indicators. We also review the available last-millennium simulations from fully coupled climate models and discuss several outstanding challenges associated with simulating hydroclimate variability and change over the CE. A specific review of simulated hydroclimatic changes forced by volcanic events is provided, as is a discussion of expected improvements in estimated radiative forcings, models, and their implementation in the future. Our review of hydroclimatic proxies and last-millennium model simulations is used as the basis for articulating a variety of considerations and best practices for how to perform proxy-model comparisons of CE hydroclimate. This discussion provides a framework for how best to evaluate hydroclimate variability and its associated dynamics using these comparisons and how they can better inform interpretations of both proxy data and model simulations. We subsequently explore means of using proxy-model comparisons to better constrain and characterize future hydroclimate risks. This is explored specifically in the context of several examples that demonstrate how proxy-model comparisons can be used to quantitatively constrain future hydroclimatic risks as estimated from climate model projections.
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2.
  • Ballan, M., et al. (författare)
  • Nuclear physics midterm plan at Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL)
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: European Physical Journal Plus. - 2190-5444. ; 138:8, s. 3-26
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The next years will see the completion of the radioactive ion beam facility SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) and the upgrade of the accelerators complex at Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) opening up new possibilities in the fields of nuclear structure, nuclear dynamics, nuclear astrophysics, and applications. The nuclear physics community has organised a workshop to discuss the new physics opportunities that will be possible in the near future by employing state-of-the-art detection systems. A detailed discussion of the outcome from the workshop is presented in this report.
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3.
  • Gottardo, A., et al. (författare)
  • New Isomers in the Neutron-Rich Region Beyond 208Pb
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2100-014X. - 9782759811755 - 9782759811762 ; 66, s. 02043-02043
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The region of neutron-rich nuclei beyond 208Pb has been very difficult to explore due to its high mass and exoticity. However, recent experimental improvements allowed one to perform a quite extended isomer decay spectroscopy of these nuclei.
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4.
  • Denis Bacelar, A.M., et al. (författare)
  • The population of metastable states as a probe of relativistic-energy fragmentation reactions
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 723:4–5, s. 302-306
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Isomeric ratios have been measured for high-spin states in Po-198,200,206,208(84), At-208,209,210,211(85), Rn-210,211,212,213,214(86), Fr-208,211,212,213,214(87), Ra-210,211,212,214,215(88), and Ac-215(89) following the projectile fragmentation of a 1 AGeV U-238 beam by a Be-9 target at GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung. The fragments were separated in the fragment separator (FRS) and identified by means of energy loss and time-of-flight techniques. They were brought to rest at the centre of the RISING gamma-ray detector array and intensities of gamma rays emitted in the decay of isomeric states with half-lives between 100 ns and 40 mu s and spin values up to 55/2 (h) over bar were used to obtain the corresponding isomeric ratios. The data are compared to theoretical isomeric ratios calculated in the framework of the abrasion-ablation model. Large experimental enhancements are obtained for high-spin isomers in comparison to expected values. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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5.
  • Benzoni, G., et al. (författare)
  • First Measurement of Beta Decay Half-lives in Neutron-rich Tl and Bi Isotopes
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 715:4-5, s. 293-297
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neutron-rich isotopes around lead, beyond N = 126, have been studied exploiting the fragmentation of an uranium primary beam at the FRS-RISING setup at GSI. For the first time beta-decay half-lives of Bi-219 and Tl-211,Tl-212,Tl-213 isotopes have been derived. The half-lives have been extracted using a numerical simulation developed for experiments in high-background conditions. Comparison with state of the art models used in r-process calculations is given, showing a systematic underestimation of the experimental values, at variance from close-lying nuclei. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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6.
  • Bruce, A. M., et al. (författare)
  • Beta Decay of 102Y Produced in Projectile Fission of 238U
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6596 .- 1742-6588. ; 381
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The population of 102Zr following the β decay of 102Y produced in the projectile fission of 238U at the GSI facility in Darmstadt, Germany has been studied. 102Y is known to ß decay into 102Zr via two states, one of high spin and the other low spin. These states preferentially populate different levels in the 102Zr daughter. In this paper the intensities of transitions in 102Zr observed are compared with those from the decay of the low-spin level studied at the TRISTAN facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory and of the high-spin level studied at the JOSEF separator at the Kernforschungsanlage Jülich.
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7.
  • Gottardo, A., et al. (författare)
  • New Isomers in the Full Seniority Scheme of Neutron-rich Lead Isotopes: The Role of Effective Three-body Forces
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 109:16
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The neutron-rich lead isotopes, up to Pb-216, have been studied for the first time, exploiting the fragmentation of a primary uranium beam at the FRS-RISING setup at GSI. The observed isomeric states exhibit electromagnetic transition strengths which deviate from state-of-the-art shell-model calculations. It is shown that their complete description demands the introduction of effective three-body interactions and two-body transition operators in the conventional neutron valence space beyond Pb-208.
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8.
  • Gottardo, A., et al. (författare)
  • New spectroscopic information on 211,213Tl : A changing structure beyond the N=126 shell closure
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985. ; 99:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The neutron-rich isotopes 211,213Tl, beyond the N=126 shell closure, have been studied for the first time in isomer γ-ray decay, exploiting the fragmentation of a primary uranium beam at the Fragment Separator-Rare Isotopes Investigation at GSI setup. The observed isomeric states in 211,213Tl show a deviation from the seniority-like scheme of 209Tl. The possible interpretation of the data is discussed on the basis of energy-level systematics and shell-model calculations.
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9.
  • Gottardo, A., et al. (författare)
  • New μs Isomers in the Neutron-rich 210Hg Nucleus
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 725:4-5, s. 292-296
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neutron-rich nuclei in the lead region, beyond N = 126, have been studied at the FRS-RISING setup at GSI, exploiting the fragmentation of a primary uranium beam. Two isomeric states have been identified in Hg-210: the 8(+) isomer expected from the seniority scheme in the vg(9/2) shell and a second one at low spin and low excitation energy. The decay strength of the 8(+) isomer confirms the need of effective three-body forces in the case of neutron-rich lead isotopes. The other unexpected low-lying isomer has been tentatively assigned as a 3(-) state, although this is in contrast with theoretical expectations. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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10.
  • Hall, C. Michael, et al. (författare)
  • Denying bogus skepticism in climate change and tourism research.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 47, s. 352-356
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This final response to the two climate change denial papers by Shani and Arad further highlights the inaccuracies, misinformation and errors in their commentaries. The obfuscation of scientific research and the consensus on anthropogenic climate change may have significant long-term negative consequences for better understanding the implications of climate change and climate policy for tourism and create confusion and delay in developing and implementing tourism sector responses.
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11.
  • Hall, C. Michael, et al. (författare)
  • No time for smokescreen skepticism : A rejoinder to Shani and Arad
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 47, s. 341-347
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Shani and Arad (2014) claimed that tourism scholars tend to endorse the most pessimistic assessments regarding climate change, and that anthropogenic climate change was a "fashionable" and "highly controversial scientific topic". This brief rejoinder provides the balance that is missing from such climate change denial and skepticism studies on climate change and tourism. Recent research provides substantial evidence that reports on anthropogenic climate change are accurate, and that human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, including from the tourism industry, play a significant role in climate change. Some positive net effects may be experienced by some destinations in the short-term, but in the long-term all elements of the tourism system will be impacted. The expansion of tourism emissions at a rate greater than efficiency gains means that it is increasingly urgent that the tourism sector acknowledge, accept and respond to climate change. Debate on tourism-related adaptation and mitigation measures is to be encouraged and welcomed. Climate change denial is not.
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12.
  • Morales, A.I., et al. (författare)
  • β-decay Studies of Neutron-rich Tl, Pb, and Bi Isotopes
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 89:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The fragmentation of relativistic uranium projectiles has been exploited at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung laboratory to investigate the β decay of neutron-rich nuclei just beyond 208Pb. This paper reports on β-delayed γ decays of 211–213Tl, 215Pb, and 215–219Bi de-exciting states in the daughters 211–213Pb, 215Bi, and 215–219Po. The resulting partial level schemes, proposed with the help of systematics and shell-model calculations, are presented. The role of allowed Gamow-Teller and first-forbidden β transitions in this mass region is discussed.
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13.
  • Gottardo, A., et al. (författare)
  • Isomeric Decay Spectroscopy of the 217Bi Isotope
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 90:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The structure of the neutron-rich bismuth isotope 217Bi has been studied for the first time. The fragmentation of a primary 238U beam at the FRS-RISING setup at GSI was exploited to perform γ-decay spectroscopy, since μs isomeric states were expected in this nucleus. Gamma rays following the decay of a t1/2=3 μs isomer were observed, allowing one to establish the low-lying structure of 217Bi. The level energies and the reduced electric quadrupole transition probability B(E2) from the isomeric state are compared to large-scale shell-model calculations.
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14.
  • Park, Joochun, et al. (författare)
  • Toward the limit of nuclear binding on the N = Z line : Spectroscopy of Cd-96
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 99:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A gamma -decaying isomeric state (tau(1/2) = 197(-17)(+19) ns) has been identified in Cd-96, which is one alpha particle away from the last known bound N = Z nucleus, Sn-100. Comparison of the results with shell-model calculations has allowed a tentative experimental level scheme to be deduced and the isomer to be interpreted as a medium-spin negative-parity spin trap based on the coupling of isoscalar (T = 0) and isovector (T = 1) neutron-proton pairs. The data also suggest evidence for the population of a 9(+) T = 1 state, which is predicted by shell-model calculations to be yrast. Such a low-lying T = 1 state, which is unknown in lighter mass even-even self-conjugate nuclei, can also be interpreted in terms of the coupling of T = 0 and T = 1 neutron-proton pairs.
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15.
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17.
  • Hinke, C. B., et al. (författare)
  • Superallowed Gamow-Teller decay of the doubly magic nucleus 100Sn
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 486:7403, s. 341-345
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The shell structure of atomic nuclei is associated with 'magic numbers' and originates in the nearly independent motion of neutrons and protons in a mean potential generated by all nucleons. During beta(+)-decay, a proton transforms into a neutron in a previously not fully occupied orbital, emitting a positron-neutrino pair with either parallel or antiparallel spins, in a Gamow-Teller or Fermi transition, respectively. The transition probability, or strength, of a Gamow-Teller transition depends sensitively on the underlying shell structure and is usually distributed among many states in the neighbouring nucleus. Here we report measurements of the half-life and decay energy for the decay of Sn-100, the heaviest doubly magic nucleus with equal numbers of protons and neutrons. In the beta-decay of Sn-100, a large fraction of the strength is observable because of the large decay energy. We determine the largest Gamow-Teller strength so far measured in allowed nuclear beta-decay, establishing the 'superallowed' nature of this Gamow-Teller transition. The large strength and the low-energy states in the daughter nucleus, In-100, are well reproduced by modern, large-scale shell model calculations.
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18.
  • Sallee, J. B., et al. (författare)
  • Southern ocean carbon and heat impact on climate
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. - 1364-503X .- 1471-2962. ; 381:2249
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Southern Ocean greatly contributes to the regulation of the global climate by controlling important heat and carbon exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean. Rates of climate change on decadal timescales are therefore impacted by oceanic processes taking place in the Southern Ocean, yet too little is known about these processes. Limitations come both from the lack of observations in this extreme environment and its inherent sensitivity to intermittent processes at scales that are not well captured in current Earth system models. The Southern Ocean Carbon and Heat Impact on Climate programme was launched to address this knowledge gap, with the overall objective to understand and quantify variability of heat and carbon budgets in the Southern Ocean through an investigation of the key physical processes controlling exchanges between the atmosphere, ocean and sea ice using a combination of observational and modelling approaches. Here, we provide a brief overview of the programme, as well as a summary of some of the scientific progress achieved during its first half. Advances range from new evidence of the importance of specific processes in Southern Ocean ventilation rate (e.g. storm-induced turbulence, sea-ice meltwater fronts, wind-induced gyre circulation, dense shelf water formation and abyssal mixing) to refined descriptions of the physical changes currently ongoing in the Southern Ocean and of their link with global climate.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.
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19.
  • Davies, P. J., et al. (författare)
  • The role of core excitations in the structure and decay of the 16(+) spin-gap isomer in Cd-96
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 767, s. 474-479
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The first evidence for beta-delayed proton emission from the 16(+) spin gap isomer in Cd-96 is presented. The data were obtained from the Rare Isotope Beam Factory, at the RIKEN Nishina Center, using the BigRIPS spectrometer and the EURICA decay station. beta p branching ratios for the ground state and 16(+) isomer have been extracted along with more precise lifetimes for these states and the lifetime for the ground state decay of Cd-95. Large scale shell model (LSSM) calculations have been performed and WKB estimates made for l = 0, 2, 4 proton emission from three resonance-like states in Ag-96, that are populated by the beta decay of the isomer, and the results compared to the new data. The calculations suggest that l = 2 proton emission from the resonance states, which reside similar to 5 MeV above the proton separation energy, dominates the proton decay. The results highlight the importance of core-excited wavefunction components for the 16(+) state.
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20.
  • Grawe, H., et al. (författare)
  • The (6+) isomer in 102Sn revisited : Neutron and proton effective charges close to the double shell closure
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 820
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In a high-energy fragmentation experiment at GSI an Iπ = (6+) isomer and its γ-decay are identified in 102Sn, the two-neutron neighbour of the doubly-magic 100Sn. Its half-life is measured to be T1/2 = 367(11) ns. The possible existence of further isomers is discussed in the framework of large-scale shell model (LSSM) calculations including up to five particle-hole excitations of the 100Sn core. From the precise B(E2; 6+ → 4+) strength and the recently remeasured value for B(E2; 8+ → 6+) in the two-proton hole neighbour 98Cd effective E2 polarization charges for protons and neutrons were inferred including LSSM corrections within the full N=4 0hω space. The results are discussed in comparison to predicted and empirically determined effective operators.
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21.
  • Haefner, G., et al. (författare)
  • Properties of γ-decaying Isomers in the 100Sn Region Revisited
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B. - : JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PRESS. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 50:3, s. 431-437
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The study of nuclei in the region around the N = Z doubly-magic nucleus 100Sn has been of long standing interest for the nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics. Recently, Park et al.  have reported on properties of γ-decaying isomers and isomeric ratios in the vicinity of 100Sn. That experiment was performed at the Radioactive Ion Beam Factory (RIBF) of the RIKEN Nishina Center in Japan as a part of the EURICA campaign. Neutron-deficient nuclei were produced in a fragmentation reaction of a 124Xe primary beam on a 9Be target at an energy of 345 MeV/A. Secondary ions were separated and identified in the BigRIPS fragment separator and implanted in the silicon detector array WAS3ABi. The data presented here were obtained in another experiment performed at the RIBF using the same reaction but slightly different separator settings. New results of ratios of isomeric population and half-lives of γ-decaying isomers populated in the experiment are presented.
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22.
  • Hilchenbach, M., et al. (författare)
  • COMET 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO : CLOSE-UP on DUST PARTICLE FRAGMENTS
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 816:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The COmetary Secondary Ion Mass Analyser instrument on board ESA's Rosetta mission has collected dust particles in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. During the early-orbit phase of the Rosetta mission, particles and particle agglomerates have been imaged and analyzed in the inner coma at distances between 100 km and 10 km off the cometary nucleus and at more than 3 AU from the Sun. We identified 585 particles of more than 14 μm in size. The particles are collected at low impact speeds and constitute a sample of the dust particles in the inner coma impacting and fragmenting on the targets. The sizes of the particles range from 14 μm up to sub-millimeter sizes and the differential dust flux size distribution is fitted with a power law exponent of -3.1. After impact, the larger particles tend to stick together, spread out or consist of single or a group of clumps, and the flocculent morphology of the fragmented particles is revealed. The elemental composition of the dust particles is heterogeneous and the particles could contain typical silicates like olivine and pyroxenes, as well as iron sulfides. The sodium to iron elemental ratio is enriched with regard to abundances in CI carbonaceous chondrites by a factor from ∼1.5 to ∼15. No clear evidence for organic matter has been identified. The composition and morphology of the collected dust particles appear to be similar to that of interplanetary dust particles.
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23.
  • Häfner, G., et al. (författare)
  • Properties of γ-decaying isomers in the Sn 100 region populated in fragmentation of a Xe 124 beam
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 100:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A systematic study was performed of microsecond γ-decaying isomers around Sn100 produced in a fragmentation reaction of a Xe124 beam at 345 MeV/u at the Radioactive Ion Beam Factory of the RIKEN Nishina Center in Saitama, Japan. Half-lives of isomeric states in that region were remeasured allowing us to improve the currently available experimental information. Reduced transition probabilities were deduced and compared to shell-model calculations in various model spaces. The recently reported low-energy transitions in Rh92 and Ag96 were remeasured with improved precision. Additionally, experimental information on isomeric ratios, including five new ones, were extracted and compared to a previous experimental study and the sharp cutoff model of fragmentation reaction.
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26.
  • Moschner, K., et al. (författare)
  • Study of ground and excited state decays in N approximate to Z Ag nuclei
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: CGS15 - CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS. - : EDP Sciences. - 9782759817948
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A decay spectroscopy experiment was performed within the EURICA campaign at RIKEN in 2012. It aimed at the isomer and particle spectroscopy of excited states and ground states in the mass region below the doubly magic Sn-100. The N = Z nuclei In-98, Cd-96 and Ag-94 were of particular interest for the present study. Preliminary results on the neutron deficient nuclei Ag-93 and Ag-94 are presented. In Ag-94 a more precise value for the half-life of the ground state's superallowed Fermi transition was deduced. In addition the energy spectra of the mentioned decay could be reproduced through precise Geant4 simulations of the used active stopper SIMBA. This will enable us to extract Q(beta) values from the measured data. The decay of Ag-93 is discussed based on the observed implantation-decay correlation events.
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28.
  • van den Burg, S., et al. (författare)
  • Participatory Design of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 8:2, s. Art. no. 127-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • European oceans are subject to rapid development. New activities such as aquaculture and ocean energy have gained importance. This triggers interest in “multi-use platforms at sea” (MUPS), i.e., areas at sea in which different activities are combined. MUPS are complex features with regards to technology, governance, and financial, socioeconomic, and environmental aspects. To identify realistic and sustainable solutions and designs for MUPS, the MERMAID project applied a participatory design process (PDP) involving a range of stakeholders representing companies, authorities, researchers, and NGOs. This paper evaluates if and how the participatory design process contributed to the design of multi-use platforms. It is based on interviews with the managers of the case study sites and a questionnaire administered to all stakeholders participating in the PDP workshops. Analyzing the four case studies, we conclude that the participatory design process has had a valuable contribution to the development of the four different designs of MUPS, even though the preconditions for carrying out a participatory design process differed between sites. In all four cases, the process has been beneficial in generating new and shared knowledge. It brought new design issues to the table and increased knowledge and understanding among the different stakeholders.
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29.
  • Ketzer, João Marcelo, et al. (författare)
  • Gravity complexes as a focus of seafloor fluid seepage : the Rio Grande Cone, SE Brazil
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Seafloor methane emissions can affect Earth’s climate and ocean chemistry. Vast quantities of methane formed by microbial decomposition of organic matter are locked within gas hydrate and free gas on continental slopes, particularly in large areas with high sediment accumulations such as deep-sea fans. The release of methane in slope environments has frequently been associated with dissociation of gas hydrates near the edge of the gas hydrate stability zone on the upper slope, with discharges in greater water depths less understood. Here we show, using data from the Rio Grande Cone (western South Atlantic), that the intrinsic, gravity-induced downslope collapse of thick slope sediment accumulations creates structures that serve as pathways for gas migration, unlocking methane and causing seafloor emissions via giant gas flares in the water column. The observed emissions in the study region (up to 310 Mg year−1) are three times greater than estimates for the entire US North Atlantic margin and reveal the importance of collapsing sediment accumulations for ocean carbon cycling. Similar outgassing systems on the Amazon and Niger fans suggest that gravity tectonics on passive margins is a common yet overlooked mechanism driving massive seafloor methane emissions in sediment-laden continental slopes. © 2023, The Author(s).
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30.
  • Klein, François, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing the robustness of Antarctic temperature reconstructions over the past 2 millennia using pseudoproxy and data assimilation experiments
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 15:2, s. 661-684
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Antarctic temperature changes over the past millennia remain more uncertain than in many other continental regions. This has several origins: (1) the number of high-resolution ice cores is small, in particular on the East Antarctic plateau and in some coastal areas in East Antarctica; (2) the short and spatially sparse instrumental records limit the calibration period for reconstructions and the assessment of the methodologies; (3) the link between isotope records from ice cores and local climate is usually complex and dependent on the spatial scales and timescales investigated. Here, we use climate model results, pseudoproxy experiments and data assimilation experiments to assess the potential for reconstructing the Antarctic temperature over the last 2 millennia based on a new database of stable oxygen isotopes in ice cores compiled in the framework of Antarctica2k (Stenni et al.,). The well-known covariance between δ 18 O and temperature is reproduced in the two isotope-enabled models used (ECHAM5/MPI-OM and ECHAM5-wiso), but is generally weak over the different Antarctic regions, limiting the skill of the reconstructions. Furthermore, the strength of the link displays large variations over the past millennium, further affecting the potential skill of temperature reconstructions based on statistical methods which rely on the assumption that the last decades are a good estimate for longer temperature reconstructions. Using a data assimilation technique allows, in theory, for changes in the δ 18 O-temperature link through time and space to be taken into account. Pseudoproxy experiments confirm the benefits of using data assimilation methods instead of statistical methods that provide reconstructions with unrealistic variances in some Antarctic subregions. They also confirm that the relatively weak link between both variables leads to a limited potential for reconstructing temperature based on δ 18 O. However, the reconstruction skill is higher and more uniform among reconstruction methods when the reconstruction target is the Antarctic as a whole rather than smaller Antarctic subregions. This consistency between the methods at the large scale is also observed when reconstructing temperature based on the real δ 18 O regional composites of Stenni et al. (2017). In this case, temperature reconstructions based on data assimilation confirm the long-term cooling over Antarctica during the last millennium, and the later onset of anthropogenic warming compared with the simulations without data assimilation, which is especially visible in West Antarctica. Data assimilation also allows for models and direct observations to be reconciled by reproducing the east-west contrast in the recent temperature trends. This recent warming pattern is likely mostly driven by internal variability given the large spread of individual Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP)/Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) model realizations in simulating it. As in the pseudoproxy framework, the reconstruction methods perform differently at the subregional scale, especially in terms of the variance of the time series produced. While the potential benefits of using a data assimilation method instead of a statistical method have been highlighted in a pseudoproxy framework, the instrumental series are too short to confirm this in a realistic setup.
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31.
  • Siikanen, J, et al. (författare)
  • Cyclotron-produced 68Ga from enriched 68Zn foils
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9800. ; 176, s. 109825-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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32.
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33.
  • Stuiver, M., et al. (författare)
  • The Governance of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea for Energy Production and Aquaculture: Challenges for Policy Makers in European Seas
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 8:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • European seas are encountering an upsurge in competing marine activities and infrastructures. Traditional exploitation such as fisheries, tourism, transportation, and oil production are accompanied by new sustainable economic activities such as offshore windfarms, aquaculture, and tidal and wave energy. One proposed solution to overcome possible competing claims at sea lies in combining these economic activities as part of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea (MUPS). MUPS can be understood as areas at sea, designated for a combination of activities, either completely integrated in a platform or in shared marine space. MUPS can potentially benefit from each other in terms of infrastructure, maintenance, etc. Developing MUPS in the marine environment demands adequate governance. In this article, we investigate four European sites to find out how governance arrangements may facilitate or complicate MUPs. In particular, we apply a framework specifying policy, economic, social, technical, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) factors to explore governance arrangements in four case study sites in different sea basins around Europe ( the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea). The article concludes with policy recommendations on a governance regime for facilitating the development of MUPS in the future.
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34.
  • Verma, Malvika, et al. (författare)
  • A gastric resident drug delivery system for prolonged gram-level dosing of tuberculosis treatment
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 11:483
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Multigram drug depot systems for extended drug release could transform our capacity to effectively treat patients across a myriad of diseases. For example, tuberculosis (TB) requires multimonth courses of daily multigram doses for treatment. To address the challenge of prolonged dosing for regimens requiring multigram drug dosing, we developed a gastric resident system delivered through the nasogastric route that was capable of safely encapsulating and releasing grams of antibiotics over a period of weeks. Initial preclinical safety and drug release were demonstrated in a swine model with a panel of TB antibiotics. We anticipate multiple applications in the field of infectious diseases, as well as for other indications where multigram depots could impart meaningful benefits to patients, helping maximize adherence to their medication.
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35.
  • Ackerman, I. N., et al. (författare)
  • Lifetime Risk of Primary Total Hip Replacement Surgery for Osteoarthritis From 2003 to 2013: A Multinational Analysis Using National Registry Data
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). - : Wiley. - 2151-464X. ; 69:11, s. 1659-1667
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To compare the lifetime risk of total hip replacement (THR) surgery for osteoarthritis (OA) between countries, and over time. METHODS: Data on primary THR procedures performed for OA in 2003 and 2013 were extracted from national arthroplasty registries in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Life tables and population data were also obtained for each country. Lifetime risk of THR was calculated for 2003 and 2013 using registry, life table, and population data. RESULTS: In 2003, lifetime risk of THR ranged from 8.7% (Denmark) to 15.9% (Norway) for females, and from 6.3% (Denmark) to 8.6% (Finland) for males. With the exception of females in Norway (where lifetime risk started and remained high), lifetime risk of THR increased significantly for both sexes in all countries from 2003 to 2013. In 2013, lifetime risk of THR was as high as 1 in 7 women in Norway, and 1 in 10 men in Finland. Females consistently demonstrated the highest lifetime risk of THR at both time points. Notably, lifetime risk for females in Norway was approximately double the risk for males in 2003 (females 15.9% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 15.6-16.1], males 6.9% [95% CI 6.7-7.1]), and 2013 (females 16.0% [95% CI 15.8-16.3], males 8.3% [95% CI 8.1-8.5]). CONCLUSION: Using representative, population-based data, this study found statistically significant increases in the lifetime risk of THR in 5 countries over a 10-year period, and substantial between-sex differences. These multinational risk estimates can inform resource planning for OA service delivery.
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36.
  • Ackerman, I. N., et al. (författare)
  • Substantial rise in the lifetime risk of primary total knee replacement surgery for osteoarthritis from 2003 to 2013: an international, population-level analysis
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1063-4584. ; 25:4, s. 455-461
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To estimate and compare the lifetime risk of total knee replacement surgery (TKR) for osteoarthritis (OA) between countries, and over time. Method: Data on primary TKR procedures performed for OA in 2003 and 2013 were extracted from national arthroplasty registries in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Life tables and population data were also obtained for each country. Lifetime risk of TKR was calculated for 2003 and 2013 using registry, life table and population data. Results: Marked international variation in lifetime risk of TKR was evident, with females consistently demonstrating the greatest risk. In 2013, Finland had the highest lifetime risk for females (22.8%, 95% CI 22.5-23.1%) and Australia had the highest risk for males (15.4%, 95% CI 15.1-15.6%). Norway had the lowest lifetime risk for females (9.7%, 95% CI 9.5-9.9%) and males (5.8%, 95% CI 5.6-5.9%) in 2013. All countries showed a significant rise in lifetime risk of TKR for both sexes over the 10-year study period, with the largest increases observed in Australia (females: from 13.6% to 21.1%; males: from 9.8% to 15.4%). Conclusions: Using population-based data, this study identified significant increases in the lifetime risk of TKR in all five countries from 2003 to 2013. Lifetime risk of TKR was as high as 1 in 5 women in Finland, and 1 in 7 males in Australia. These risk estimates quantify the healthcare resource burden of knee OA at the population level, providing an important resource for public health policy development and healthcare planning. (C) 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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37.
  • Ai, Jiaoyu, et al. (författare)
  • Bcl3 Couples Cancer Stem Cell Enrichment With Pancreatic Cancer Molecular Subtypes
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 161:1, s. 318-332
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & Aims: The existence of different subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and their correlation with patient outcome have shifted the emphasis on patient classification for better decision-making algorithms and personalized therapy. The contribution of mechanisms regulating the cancer stem cell (CSC) population in different subtypes remains unknown.Methods: Using RNA-seq, we identified B-cell CLL/lymphoma 3 (BCL3), an atypical nf-κb signaling member, as differing in pancreatic CSCs. To determine the biological consequences of BCL3 silencing in vivo and in vitro, we generated bcl3-deficient preclinical mouse models as well as murine cell lines and correlated our findings with human cell lines, PDX models, and 2 independent patient cohorts. We assessed the correlation of bcl3 expression pattern with clinical parameters and subtypes.Results: Bcl3 was significantly down-regulated in human CSCs. Recapitulating this phenotype in preclinical mouse models of PDAC via BCL3 genetic knockout enhanced tumor burden, metastasis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and reduced overall survival. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses, together with oxygen consumption, sphere formation, and tumorigenicity assays, all indicated that BCL3 loss resulted in CSC compartment expansion promoting cellular dedifferentiation. Overexpression of BCL3 in human PDXs diminished tumor growth by significantly reducing the CSC population and promoting differentiation. Human PDACs with low BCL3 expression correlated with increased metastasis, and BCL3-negative tumors correlated with lower survival and nonclassical subtypes.Conclusions: We demonstrate that bcl3 impacts pancreatic carcinogenesis by restraining CSC expansion and by curtailing an aggressive and metastatic tumor burden in PDAC across species. Levels of BCL3 expression are a useful stratification marker for predicting subtype characterization in PDAC, thereby allowing for personalized therapeutic approaches.
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38.
  • Biederstädt, A., et al. (författare)
  • SUMO pathway inhibition targets an aggressive pancreatic cancer subtype
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 69, s. 1472-1482
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) still carries a dismal prognosis with an overall 5-year survival rate of 9%. Conventional combination chemotherapies are a clear advance in the treatment of PDAC; however, subtypes of the disease exist, which exhibit extensive resistance to such therapies. Genomic MYC amplifications represent a distinct subset of PDAC with an aggressive tumour biology. It is clear that hyperactivation of MYC generates dependencies that can be exploited therapeutically. The aim of the study was to find and to target MYC-associated dependencies. Design: We analysed human PDAC gene expression datasets. Results were corroborated by the analysis of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway in a large PDAC cohort using immunohistochemistry. A SUMO inhibitor was used and characterised using human and murine two-dimensional, organoid and in vivo models of PDAC. Results: We observed that MYC is connected to the SUMOylation machinery in PDAC. Components of the SUMO pathway characterise a PDAC subtype with a dismal prognosis and we provide evidence that hyperactivation of MYC is connected to an increased sensitivity to pharmacological SUMO inhibition. Conclusion: SUMO inhibitor-based therapies should be further developed for an aggressive PDAC subtype. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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39.
  • Catena, N, et al. (författare)
  • Current concepts in diagnosis and management of common upper limb nerve injuries in children
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of children's orthopaedics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1863-2521 .- 1863-2548. ; 15:2, s. 89-96
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) of the upper limb are a common event in the paediatric population, following both fractures and soft tissues injuries. Open injuries should in theory be easier to identify and the repair of injured structures performed as soon as possible in order to obtain a satisfying outcome. Conversely, due to the reduced compliance of younger children during clinical assessment, the diagnosis of a closed nerve injury may sometimes be delayed. As the compliance of patients is influenced by pain, anxiety and stress, the execution of the clinical manoeuvres intended to identify a loss of motor function or sensibility, can be impaired. Although the majority of PNI are neuroapraxias resulting in spontaneous recovery, there are open questions regarding certain aspects of closed PNI, e.g. when to ask for electrophysiological exams, when and how long to wait for a spontaneous recovery and when a surgical approach becomes mandatory. The aim of the article is therefore to analyse the main aspects of the different closed PNI of the upper limb in order to provide recommendations for timely and correct management, and to determine differences in the PNI treatment between children and adults.
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40.
  • Fernandez, Hubert H., et al. (författare)
  • Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: Final 12-Month, Open-Label Results
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 30:4, s. 500-509
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Motor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated with long-term oral levodopa treatment and linked to pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation. l-dopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is delivered continuously by percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy tube (PEG-J), which reduces l-dopa-plasma-level fluctuations and can translate to reduced motor complications. We present final results of the largest international, prospective, 54-week, open-label LCIG study. PD patients with severe motor fluctuations (>3 h/day off time) despite optimized therapy received LCIG monotherapy. Additional PD medications were allowed >28 days post-LCIG initiation. Safety was the primary endpoint measured through adverse events (AEs), device complications, and number of completers. Secondary endpoints included diary-assessed off time, on time with/without troublesome dyskinesia, UPDRS, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) outcomes. Of 354 enrolled patients, 324 (91.5%) received PEG-J and 272 (76.8%) completed the study. Most AEs were mild/moderate and transient; complication of device insertion (34.9%) was the most common. Twenty-seven (7.6%) patients withdrew because of AEs. Serious AEs occurred in 105 (32.4%), most commonly complication of device insertion (6.5%). Mean daily off time decreased by 4.4 h/65.6% (P<0.001). On time without troublesome dyskinesia increased by 4.8 h/62.9% (P<0.001); on time with troublesome dyskinesia decreased by 0.4 h/22.5% (P=0.023). Improvements persisted from week 4 through study completion. UPDRS and HRQoL outcomes were also improved throughout. In the advanced PD population, LCIG's safety profile consisted primarily of AEs associated with the device/procedure, l-dopa/carbidopa, and advanced PD. LCIG was generally well tolerated and demonstrated clinically significant improvements in motor function, daily activities, and HRQoL sustained over 54 weeks. (c) 2014 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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41.
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42.
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43.
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44.
  • Leta, Tesfaye H., et al. (författare)
  • Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty With or Without Antibiotic Bone Cement
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - 2574-3805. ; 7:5, s. 2412898-2412898
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Importance: Despite increased use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in joint arthroplasty over recent decades, current evidence for prophylactic use of ALBC to reduce risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is insufficient. Objective: To compare the rate of revision attributed to PJI following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using ALBC vs plain bone cement. Design, Setting, and Participants: This international cohort study used data from 14 national or regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the UK, and the US. The study included primary TKAs for osteoarthritis registered from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, and followed-up until December 31, 2021. Data analysis was performed from April to September 2023. Exposure: Primary TKA with ALBC vs plain bone cement. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was risk of 1-year revision for PJI. Using a distributed data network analysis method, data were harmonized, and a cumulative revision rate was calculated (1 - Kaplan-Meier), and Cox regression analyses were performed within the 10 registries using both cement types. A meta-analysis was then performed to combine all aggregated data and evaluate the risk of 1-year revision for PJI and all causes. Results: Among 2 168 924 TKAs included, 93% were performed with ALBC. Most TKAs were performed in female patients (59.5%) and patients aged 65 to 74 years (39.9%), fully cemented (92.2%), and in the 2015 to 2020 period (62.5%). All participating registries reported a cumulative 1-year revision rate for PJI of less than 1% following primary TKA with ALBC (range, 0.21%-0.80%) and with plain bone cement (range, 0.23%-0.70%). The meta-analyses based on adjusted Cox regression for 1 917 190 TKAs showed no statistically significant difference at 1 year in risk of revision for PJI (hazard rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.89-1.52) or for all causes (hazard rate ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.89-1.40) among TKAs performed with ALBC vs plain bone cement. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, the risk of revision for PJI was similar between ALBC and plain bone cement following primary TKA. Any additional costs of ALBC and its relative value in reducing revision risk should be considered in the context of the overall health care delivery system.
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45.
  • Leta, Tesfaye H., et al. (författare)
  • The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and systemic antibiotic prophylactic use in 2,971,357 primary total knee arthroplasties from 2010 to 2020: an international register-based observational study among countries in Africa, Europe, North America, and Oceania
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 94, s. 416-425
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and purpose — Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) have been used to reduce periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates. We investigated the use of ALBC and SAP in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients and methods — This observational study is based on 2,971,357 primary TKAs reported in 2010–2020 to national/regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Den-mark, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA. Aggregate-level data on trends and types of bone cement, antibiotic agents, and doses and duration of SAP used was extracted from participating registries. Results — ALBC was used in 77% of the TKAs with variation ranging from 100% in Norway to 31% in the USA. Palacos R+G was the most common (62%) ALBC type used. The primary antibiotic used in ALBC was gentamicin (94%). Use of ALBC in combination with SAP was common practice (77%). Cefazolin was the most common (32%) SAP agent. The doses and duration of SAP used varied from one single preoperative dosage as standard practice in Bolzano, Italy (98%) to 1-day 4 doses in Norway (83% of the 40,709 TKAs reported to the Norwegian arthroplasty register). Conclusion — The proportion of ALBC usage in primary TKA varies internationally, with gentamicin being the most common antibiotic. ALBC in combination with SAP was common practice, with cefazolin the most common SAP agent. The type of ALBC and type, dose, and duration of SAP varied among participating countries.
  •  
46.
  • Sandberg, Dick, et al. (författare)
  • Process Control and Grading in Primary Wood Processing
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 9783030813147 - 9783030813154 ; , s. 1019-1073
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Round timber and wood products are measured, sorted, and graded at different stages in the wood-value chain starting already at the stem level in the forest. This chapter gives an overview of grading methodologies and techniques for the measurement and grading of round timber, sawn timber, veneer, and wood-panel products. The section concerning round timber focuses on the grading and sorting of logs for sawmill and veneer production. For sawn timber, visual and strength grading are discussed, for both the European and the North American markets. Techniques for measurement and process control in the wood-panel industry are finally discussed, where the different industrial methods used today are in focus rather than the specific grading rules used in the industry. The technologies presented have a broader application outside the field of the wood-panel industry, and can be of interest for the measurement of wood composites in general.
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47.
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48.
  • Torkar, K., Riedler, W., Escoubet, C.P., Fehringer, M., Schmidt, R., Grard, R.J., Arends, H., Rudenauer, F., Steiger, W., Narheim, B.T., Svenes, K., Torbert, R., Andre, M., Fazakerley, A., Goldstein, R., Olsen, R.C., Pedersen, A., Whipple, E. and Zhao, H. (författare)
  • Active spacecraft potential control for Cluster - implementation and first results
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. ; 9:10-12, s. 1289-1302
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electrostatic charging of a spacecraft modifies the distribution of electrons and ions before the particles enter the sensors mounted on the spacecraft body. The floating potential of magnetospheric satellites in sunlight very often reaches several tens o
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49.
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