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- Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Kvantitativa modeller för ett robust och resilient transportsystem
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Både mindre störningar och större händelser som katastrofer och kriser har en påverkan på transportsystemet. Dels kan de ge upphov till förändrade möjligheter att tillgodose efterfrågan, till exempel om infrastruktur blir skadad, dels kan det ge förändringar i efterfrågan, vilket t.ex. var tydligt under Covid-19 pandemin, eller ge upphov till nya behov, t.ex. av nödtransporter. Hanteringen av dessa störningar, ur ett transportsystemperspektiv, kan ske via förebyggande och förberedande åtgärder, vilka bidrar till en ökad robusthet och resiliens. Det kan vara att stärka och skydda infrastruktur eller att ha resurser i beredskap, som operativt kan verka avhjälpande och återställande. Åtgärderna kräver ofta komplexa beslut kring prioritering och resurshantering - områden där kvantitativa modeller har goda möjligheter att användas som grund för beslutsstöd.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka möjligheten att använda kvantitativa modeller för att öka robustheten och resiliensen hos det svenska transportsystemet vid större störningar.Via en litteraturstudie och intervjuer med systemexperter från räddningsområdet, transportsektorn samt akademin, identifierades fem olika områden där kvantitativa modeller bedöms kunna ge värdefulla bidrag. Dessa är 1. Efterfrågemodellering, 2. Risk- och sårbarhetsanalys, 3. Evakueringsplanering, 4. Resurslokalisering och 5. Prioritering och resurshantering. Inom samtliga finns utrymme för att via forskning och utveckling ta fram beslutsstödsverktyg som kan bidra vid planering, förebyggande arbete, och operativ resursstyrning. Även inom andra områden, till exempel kommunikation, samverkan och organisering, finns det behov av forskning, då gärna med inslag av andra discipliner såsom human factors och digitalisering.
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- Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Sensor Requirements for Logistics Analysis of Emergency Incident Sites
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th ISCRAM Conference. - : Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - 9781949373271 ; , s. 952-960
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using sensors to collect data at emergency incident sites can facilitate analysis of the logistic operations. This can be used to improve planning and preparedness for new operations. Furthermore, real-time information from the sensors can serve as operational decision support. In this work in progress, we investigate the requirements on the sensors, and on the sensor data, to facilitate such an analysis. Through observations of exercises, the potential of using sensors for data collection is explored, and the requirements are considered. The results show that the potential benefits are significant, especially for tracking patients, and understanding the interaction between the response actors. However, the sensors need to be quite advanced in order to capture the necessary data.
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- Ekhtiari, Hamed, et al.
(författare)
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A methodological checklist for fMRI drug cue reactivity studies : development and expert consensus
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Protocols. - : Nature Portfolio. - 1754-2189 .- 1750-2799. ; 17:3, s. 567-595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cue reactivity measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging is used in studies of substance-use disorders. This Consensus Statement is the result of a Delphi process to arrive at parameters that should be reported in describing these studies. Cue reactivity is one of the most frequently used paradigms in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of substance use disorders (SUDs). Although there have been promising results elucidating the neurocognitive mechanisms of SUDs and SUD treatments, the interpretability and reproducibility of these studies is limited by incomplete reporting of participants characteristics, task design, craving assessment, scanning preparation and analysis decisions in fMRI drug cue reactivity (FDCR) experiments. This hampers clinical translation, not least because systematic review and meta-analysis of published work are difficult. This consensus paper and Delphi study aims to outline the important methodological aspects of FDCR research, present structured recommendations for more comprehensive methods reporting and review the FDCR literature to assess the reporting of items that are deemed important. Forty-five FDCR scientists from around the world participated in this study. First, an initial checklist of items deemed important in FDCR studies was developed by several members of the Enhanced NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analyses (ENIGMA) Addiction working group on the basis of a systematic review. Using a modified Delphi consensus method, all experts were asked to comment on, revise or add items to the initial checklist, and then to rate the importance of each item in subsequent rounds. The reporting status of the items in the final checklist was investigated in 108 recently published FDCR studies identified through a systematic review. By the final round, 38 items reached the consensus threshold and were classified under seven major categories: Participants Characteristics, General fMRI Information, General Task Information, Cue Information, Craving Assessment Inside Scanner, Craving Assessment Outside Scanner and Pre- and Post-Scanning Considerations. The review of the 108 FDCR papers revealed significant gaps in the reporting of the items considered important by the experts. For instance, whereas items in the General fMRI Information category were reported in 90.5% of the reviewed papers, items in the Pre- and Post-Scanning Considerations category were reported by only 44.7% of reviewed FDCR studies. Considering the notable and sometimes unexpected gaps in the reporting of items deemed to be important by experts in any FDCR study, the protocols could benefit from the adoption of reporting standards. This checklist, a living document to be updated as the field and its methods advance, can help improve experimental design, reporting and the widespread understanding of the FDCR protocols. This checklist can also provide a sample for developing consensus statements for protocols in other areas of task-based fMRI.
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- Steins, Krisjanis, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing Utilization in a Hospital Operating Department Using Simulation Modeling
- 2010
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Ingår i: Simulation (San Diego, Calif.). - : SAGE. - 0037-5497 .- 1741-3133. ; 86:8-9, s. 463-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on the planning and scheduling of operating rooms (ORs) in a regional hospital in Sweden. A simulation study was carried out to find new ideas and new planning and scheduling techniques to improve the overall process of surgery, including pre- and post-operating activities. This study mainly addresses the problem of low utilization of the ORs, and also takes into consideration problems with variation in workload, both in ORs and in post-anesthesia care units. The final simulation model includes pre-operative care carried out in the operating department and all ORs, as well as post-operative care units. It was driven by a number of input parameters, such as the volume and specific characteristics of actual cases, opening hours and number of ORs, and the number of beds for pre- and post-operative care. The model also includes logic for prioritizing and allocating cases to available ORs, planning operating schedules and the utilization of medical equipment limited in quantity. Output performance measures from simulation experiments include the utilization of allocated OR times, waiting time for patients, queue dynamics, number of cancellations, and variation of finishing times, as well as occupancy statistics in the post-operative care unit. Four different change alternatives were evaluated using the simulation model. Simulation experiments showed that with the implementation of the proposed changes it is possible to achieve slightly better and more even resource utilization, as well as provide greater flexibility in scheduling operations.
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