| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Araya, Tadesse
(författare)
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Stereotypes: Suppression, Forgetting, and False Memory
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents four studies investigating (1) whether incidentally primed control-related words can attenuate the impact of activated stereotypes on subsequent evaluation of a target person, (2) the impact of motivated forgetting on the recall of stereotypically congruent and incongruent information, and (3) the impact of a directed forgetting instruction on the false recall and recognition of nonpresented stereotypical information.In three experiments, Study I showed that participants initially primed with the social category, immigrant, and subsequently primed with words that were evocative of control or self-control made less negative impression of a target displaying ambiguous behaviors than participants not exposed to such words.Study II, using a directed-forgetting paradigm, demonstrated in two experiments that participants subliminally primed with Swedish facial photographs who later studied stereotypically incongruent words roughly recalled an equal number of items regardless of the forget or remember instructions. Study III showed that participants primed with the social category, immigrant and then studied a list of stereotypically related and unrelated words falsely recognized more nonpresented stereotypical words when they were furnished with a forget than a remember instruction. Similarly, Study IV (Experiment 2) demonstrated that participants primed with the social category, immigrant, but not with a neutral category, falsely recalled more nonpresented stereotypical words when their cognitive capacity was depleted through a concurrent memory load task. The thesis presents a review and a discussion of some of the theoretical underpinnings of the extant literature on stereotyping and intergroup relations and of the social implications of the present findings.
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| 3. |
- Decety, Jean, et al.
(författare)
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The cerebellum participates in mental activity : tomographic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow
- 1990
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Ingår i: Brain Research. - 0006-8993 .- 1872-6240. ; 535:2, s. 313-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements in man of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) have demonstrated a number of cortical and subcortical events coupled to sensory stimulation or motor performance. It has also been shown that local activity changes take place in the cortex during 'pure' mental activity such as motor imagery (unaccompanied by sensory input or motor output). Thus, our group has previously shown that imagination of hand movements gives predominantly a frontal cortical rCBF activation while the corresponding hand movement activates the rolandic hand area mainly. In this paper we report tomographic rCBF measurements with a 133-Xenon SPECT technique during imagined tennis movements and silent counting. Both procedures gave rise to a significant cerebellar activation in addition to cortical rCBF changes. Apparently, the cerebellum may participate in pure mental activity. It possibly plays a role for the temporal organization of neuronal events related to cognition.
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| 4. |
- Eckert, B., et al.
(författare)
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The recovery of brain function after hypoglycaemia in normal man
- 1992
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Ingår i: Diabetologia, 35, Suppl.1. ; , s. A43-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to evaluate the recovery of brain function after moderate hypoglycaemla in normal man. Hypoglycaemia was induced by an intravenous infusion of insulin (2.5 mU/kg) in seven healthy right-handed men aged 25.4+1.1 years (Mean • SD). The brain function was evaluated with P300-amplitude after auditory stimulus, reaction time measurements and EEG before, during (2.4+0.44 mmol/l for 70 min) and three times in the recovery period following hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia caused a reduction in the P300-amplitude, a prolongation in reaction time and minor changes in the EEG-activity. 15 min after normalisation of the blood glucose level, the P300-amplitude was lower than during hypoglycaemia and still 1,5 hrs after normalisation of the blood glucose level, there was a marked reduction in the P3OO-amplitude. 4 hrs after normalisation of the blood glucose, the P300-amplitude was restituted. The reaction time was shorter 15 min after normalisation of the blood glucose compared to hypoglycaemia, but was not nermalised until 1,5 hrs after of recovery following hypoglycaemia. The EEG-changes were normalised 15 min after hypoglycaemia. We conclude that moderate hypglycaemia causes marked effects in P300 and reaction time and that brain function measured as P300 is not restored after 1,5 hrs but at 4 hrs after normalisation of hypoglycaemia.
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| 5. |
- Faraon, Montathar, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Political campaigning 2.0 : The influence of online news and social networking sites on attitudes and behavior
- 2014
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Ingår i: eJournal of eDemocracy & Open Government. - JeDEM Open Access Online : JEDEM Journal of e-Democracy and Open Government. - 2075-9517. ; 6:3, s. 231-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to examine differences in influence between online news (e.g., New York Times) and social networking sites (e.g., Facebook and Twitter) on attitudes in political campaigns. In a web-based experiment, campaign, polls and election between two fictitious candidates were simulated. Participants’ explicit and implicit attitudes as well as voting behavior were assessed using self-report items and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The results reveal that information emanating from online news had a significant influence on explicit and implicit attitudes while that of social networking sites did not. Overall, negative items had a stronger impact than positive ones, more so in online news compared to social networking sites. Negative information from either type of media was more likely to change participants’ explicit attitudes in a negative direction and as a consequence also change their vote. Practical implications of the findings and limitations of the study are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Faraon, Montathar, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Positive but skeptical : A study of attitudes towards Internet voting in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: CeDEM Asia 2014. - Münster : Donau-Universität Krems. - 9783902505712 ; , s. 191-205
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the attitudes of a broad sample of politically interested Swedish voters towards Internet voting. A total of 5683 participants completed a web-based survey concerning participation and security aspects of Internet voting. Attitudes towards Internet voting were positive on the whole and the acceptance of participation in democratic elections using Internet voting was spearheaded by: women, groups with relatively short education, the unemployed and the self-employed. Unlike previous studies, it was found that age was not a significant factor in determining the attitudes towards participation in elections by means of Internet voting. Concerning the security challenges of Internet voting, men were more optimistic than women and participants’ confidence in security increased with age and education length.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Inducing and reducing false memories: A Swedish version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1467-9450 .- 0036-5564. ; 43:5, s. 369-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Participants tend to falsely remember a nonpresented critical word after having studied a list of the word's primary associates. We present here a Swedish version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm, which provides a tractable method of experimentally inducing and investigating such illusory memories. In Experiment 1 it was demonstrated that the constructed stimulus material induced highly reliable false-recall and false-recognition effects, and, moreover, that veridical and false memories were associated with a similar phenomenological experience of remembering. The results from Experiment 2 indicated that the susceptibility to false recognition can be substantially reduced when participants are explicitly required to monitor the sources of their memories. These findings are consistent with predictions derived from the source-monitoring framework.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Memory for perceived and imagined pictures : an event-related potential study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Neuropsychologia, vol. 40, no. 7. - : Elsevier. ; 40:7, s. 986-1002
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioural measures were used to investigate recognition memory and source-monitoring judgements about previously perceived and imagined pictures. At study, word labels of common objects were presented. Half of these were followed by a corresponding picture and the other half by an empty frame, signalling to the participants to mentally visualise an image. At test, participants in a source-monitoring task made a three-way discrimination between new words and words corresponding to previously perceived and imagined pictures. Participants in an old/new-recognition task indicated whether test words were previously presented or not. In both tasks, correctly identified old items elicited more positive-going ERPs than correctly judged new items. This widely distributed old/new effect was found to have an earlier onset and to be of a greater magnitude for imagined than for perceived items. Task (source versus item-memory) affected the old/new effects over prefrontal areas and the reaction times to remembered old items. The present findings are consistent with the view that a greater amount, or a different type, of information is necessary for accurate source-memory judgements than for correct recognition, and moreover, that different types of source-specifying information revive at different rates. In addition, the results add weight to the view that the late widespread ERP-old/new effect is sensitive to the quality or the amount of information retrieved from memory.
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| 11. |
- Johansson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Memory for perceived and imagined pictures: An event-related potential study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Neuropsychologia. - 1873-3514. ; 40:7, s. 986-1002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral measures were used to investigate recognition memory and source-monitoring judgements about previously perceived and imagined pictures. At study, word labels of common objects were presented. Half of these were followed by a corresponding picture and the other half by an empty frame, signalling to the Ss (aged 20-35 yrs) to mentally visualize an image. At test, Ss in a source-monitoring task made a 3-way discrimination between new words and words corresponding to previously perceived and imagined pictures. Ss in an old/new-recognition task indicated whether test words were previously presented or not. In both tasks, correctly identified old items elicited more positive-going ERPs than correctly judged new items. This widely distributed old/new effect was found to have an earlier onset and to be of a greater magnitude for imagined than for perceived items. Task affected the old/new effects over prefrontal areas and the reaction times to remembered old items. Findings are consistent with the view that a greater amount, or a different type, of information is necessary for accurate source-memory judgements than for correct recognition, and moreover, that different types of source-specifying information revive at different rates.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Lindgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Directed forgetting, event-related potentials and nicotine
- 1999
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Ingår i: Human Psychopharmacology. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 14, s. 19-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifteen male users of oral snuff performed a directed forgetting task after over-night abstinence and after administration of oral snuff. Directed forgetting tasks use cues to classify items for differential reporting at test, emphasising the need for strategic encoding. Recognition was better after nicotine administration, but we found no evidence for greater strategic control, as hypothetically reflected in successful compliance with the directed forgetting instructions. Reaction time decreased after nicotine administration. Performance among fifteen controls was unaffected over two sessions.
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| 14. |
- Lindgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of nicotine in a bimodal attention task
- 1998
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 38, s. 42-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifteen male users of oral snuff participated in an experiment where we used an auditory-visual vigilance task to study nicotine effects on P300 and response parameters. Quantitative EEG was also studied. Fifteen male non-users served as a control group.We found some decrease of response times, and slightly improved signal detection. P300 parameters were not affected in this study. Quantitative EEG-analysis indicated an expected increase of arousal, as activity within the alpha band shifted towards higher frequencies.
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| 15. |
- Lindgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of nicotine in visual attention tasks
- 1996
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Ingår i: Human Psychopharmacology. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 11, s. 47-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty-five male volunteers (18 nicotine-users and 17 controls) participated in an experiment where a flanker task and a search task were used. It was hypothesized that if nicotine affects selective attention, effects of distracting flanker stimuli should be diminished, and effects of allocation strategies in the search task should be more marked. Nicotine-users performed the tasks after an over-night abstinence, and after administration of oral snuff. In both tasks nicotine users improved more than controls, but there was no indication of nicotine effects on selective attention in either task. Our results point towards a non-specific arousing effect of nicotine.
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| 16. |
- Lindgren, M., et al.
(författare)
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Restitution of neurophysiological functions, performance, and subjective symptoms after moderate insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic men
- 1996
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 13:3, s. 218-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The restoration of cognitive function was studied in 10 healthy men aged 26 years (25.5 +/- 1.2 years; mean +/- SD) after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (arterialized blood glucose 2.5 +/- 0.4 mmol l-1) for 62 +/- 8 min. Another group of six men participated in a single blind sham study for comparison. The hypoglycaemic event caused a significant increase (p = 0.006) in serum adrenaline levels. Ratings of adrenergically mediated symptoms increased during hypoglycaemia (p = 0.006), as did neuroglycopenic symptoms (p = 0.002), although neuroglycopenia ratings increased in both studies. During hypoglycaemia, P300 amplitudes in a relatively demanding visual search task decreased (p = 0.02), whereas easier tasks were unaffected. The amplitudes were restored after 40 min of normoglycaemia. Reaction time deteriorated after restoration of normoglycaemia, suggesting an effect of hypoglycaemia on learning. Thus, hypoglycaemia at a blood glucose level that is common among patients treated with insulin causes clear cognitive dysfunction, although restoration of the cognitive dysfunction to normal was fast.
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| 17. |
- Lindgren, M, et al.
(författare)
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Restitution of neurophysiological functions, performance, and subjective symptoms after moderate insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic men
- 1996
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - 1464-5491. ; 13:3, s. 218-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The restoration of cognitive function was studied in 10 healthy men aged 26 years (25.5 +/- 1.2 years; mean +/- SD) after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (arterialized blood glucose 2.5 +/- 0.4 mmol l-1) for 62 +/- 8 min. Another group of six men participated in a single blind sham study for comparison. The hypoglycaemic event caused a significant increase (p = 0.006) in serum adrenaline levels. Ratings of adrenergically mediated symptoms increased during hypoglycaemia (p = 0.006), as did neuroglycopenic symptoms (p = 0.002), although neuroglycopenia ratings increased in both studies. During hypoglycaemia, P300 amplitudes in a relatively demanding visual search task decreased (p = 0.02), whereas easier tasks were unaffected. The amplitudes were restored after 40 min of normoglycaemia. Reaction time deteriorated after restoration of normoglycaemia, suggesting an effect of hypoglycaemia on learning. Thus, hypoglycaemia at a blood glucose level that is common among patients treated with insulin causes clear cognitive dysfunction, although restoration of the cognitive dysfunction to normal was fast.
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| 18. |
- Risberg, Jarl, et al.
(författare)
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Regional cerebral blood flow correlates of anxiety and personality traits
- 1991
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Ingår i: Lassen, N.A., Ingvar, D.H., Raichle, M.E., Friberg, L. (eds), Brain work and mental activity. - Copenhagen : Munksgaard. - 8716106989 ; , s. 392-401
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Rosander, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Personality traits and general intelligence as predictors of academic performance: A structural equation modelling approach
- 2011
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Ingår i: Learning and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1041-6080 .- 1873-3425. ; 21:5, s. 590-596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which personality traits, after controlling for general intelligence, predict academic performance in different school subjects. Upper secondary school students in Sweden (N=315) completed the Wonderlic IQ test (Wonderlic, 1992) and the IPIP-NEO-PI test (Goldberg, 1999). A series of hierarchical structural equation models showed that general intelligence, Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Neuroticism were significantly linked to overall academic performance. There were also different findings for a lower level of personality traits, e.g. different personality traits were associated with different subjects. The findings are discussed with regard to previous results on personality traits as determinants of academic performance in different school subjects and the fact that lower level traits may facilitate achievement in particular subjects. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ryding, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Motor imagery activates the cerebellum regionally : a SPECT rCBF study with 99mTc-HMPAO
- 1993
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Ingår i: Cognitive Brain Research. - 0926-6410 .- 1872-6348. ; 1:2, s. 94-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our earlier findings of a cerebellar activation during motor imagery (Brain Res., 535 (1990) 313-317) were made with a technique with low regional resolution. Therefore we could not elucidate the distribution of the cerebellar activation. In the present study the cerebellar regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes during motor imagery (MI) was measured with a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) rCBF method (99mTc-HMPAO) with higher regional resolution during (1) silent counting, and (2) MI (which included silent counting) in 17 normal subjects. Comparing the SPECT results from the two tasks revealed the regional activations during MI. We confirmed that the most pronounced regional activations during MI were found in the cerebellum, especially in its infero-lateral parts on both sides.
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| 22. |
- Sano, Motoki, et al.
(författare)
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Acute effects of alcohol on regional cerebral blood flow in man
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol. - 0096-882X .- 1934-2683. ; 54:3, s. 369-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute effects of alcohol in a low (0.7 g/kg) and a high dose (1.5 g/kg) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured with 133Xe inhalation technique at resting conditions in 13 normals. Mean hemisphere CBF increased globally by 12% at the lower dose and 16% at the higher dose. A normal hyperfrontal flow pattern was seen in both alcohol conditions. There were, however, significant regional differences in response to alcohol. The largest rCBF increase was observed in prefrontal regions at the lower dose, and in temporal regions at the higher. Expressed in relative values (% of the whole brain CBF), the temporal rCBF increased linearly with increasing alcohol dosage, while the prefrontal rCBF showed a increase at the lower dose followed by a decrease at the higher dose. It is concluded that alcohol has two types of acute effects on rCBF, a global vasodilatory effect and some regional effects, most clearly seen in prefrontal and temporal regions. The prefrontal flow augmentation following acute alcohol intake may be related to a transient arousal reaction, which has been reported by others. The temporal flow increase may be related to effects of alcohol on emotions and mood.
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| 23. |
- Sikström, Sverker, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Sparsely Distributed Representations in Familiarity Recognition of Verbal and Olfactory Materials
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cognitive Processing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4782 .- 1612-4790. ; 19:4, s. 481-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the generalized signal detection theory (GSDT), where familiarity is described by a sparse binomial distribution of binary node activity rather than by normal distribution of familiarity. Items are presented in a distributed representation, where each node receives either noise only, or signal and noise. An old response (i.e., a ‘yes’ response) is made if at least one node receives signal plus noise that is larger than the activation threshold, and item variability is determined by the distribution of activated nodes as the threshold is varied. A distinct representation leads to better performance and a lower ratio of new to old item variability, than a more distributed and less distinct representations. Here we apply the GSDT to empirical data on verbal and olfactory memory and suggest that verbal memory relies on a distinct neural item representation whereas olfactory memory has a fuzzy neural representation leading to poorer memory and inducing a larger ratio of new to old item variability.
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| 24. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-
(författare)
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Att veta utan att tänka
- 1994
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Ingår i: Ingvar, D. H. (red), Att tänka sig. - Stockholm : Svenska Dagbladet. - 9177383826 ; , s. 57-70
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Attention and personality in augmenting/reducing of visual evoked potentials
- 1990
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 11:12, s. 1243-1254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier research has shown that extraverts tend to increase their visual evoked potential amplitudes with increasing light intensity (augmenting), while introverts reach their maximum amplitude at lower intensities (reducing). The evoked response has normally been measured from association areas of the brain (at the vertex). The present study measured VEP amplitudes over visual cortex and at the vertex, using four light intensities in two conditions, where attention was either directed towards the light stimuli, or away from them by a concurrent auditory task. Forty subjects were classified as extraverts or introverts based on the Eysenck Personality Inventory. The results show that attention interacted significantly with extraversion. Introverts exhibited a narrower focus of attention, with higher amplitudes and amplitude-intensity functions when attending to the light flashes and lower when distracted. Extraverts showed smaller differences between conditions, indicating a more evenly distributed attention. Higher arousal in introverts is the probable cause of their narrower focus of attention. There were marked differences in the distribution of activity between vertex and occipital cortex. Introverts showed relatively stronger occipital responses and extraverts stronger vertex responses across all intensities and in both conditions. The predisposition for mainly perceptual responses to aversive stimuli in introverts, and for general alerting and motor preparatory responses in extraverts, are interpreted as supportive of Brebner & Cooper's hypothesis that introverts are "geared to inspect" and extraverts are "geared to respond".
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-
(författare)
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Conceptual and perceptual factors in the picture superiority effect
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Psychology Press. - 0954-1446 .- 1464-0635. ; 18:6, s. 813-847
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The picture superiority effect, i.e. better memory for pictures than for corresponding words, has been variously ascribed to a conceptual or a perceptual processing advantage. The present study aimed to disentangle perceptual and conceptual contributions. Pictures and words were tested for recognition in both their original formats and translated into participants´ second language. Multinomial Processing Tree (Batchelder & Riefer, 1999) and MINERVA (Hintzman, 1984) models were fitted to the data, and parameters corresponding to perceptual and conceptual recognition were estimated. Over three experiments, orienting tasks were varied, with neutral (Exp 1), semantic (Exp. 2), and perceptual (Exp. 3) instructions, and the encoding manipulations were used to validate the parameters. Results indicate that there is picture superiority in both conceptual and perceptual memory, but conceptual processing makes a stronger contribution to the advantage of pictures over words in recognition.
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| 28. |
- Stenberg, Georg
(författare)
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Conceptual and perceptual factors in the picture superiority effect
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-0635 .- 0954-1446 .- 2044-592X. ; 18:6, s. 813-847
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The picture superiority effect, i.e. better memory for pictures than for corresponding words, has been variously ascribed to a conceptual or a perceptual processing advantage. The present study aimed to disentangle perceptual and conceptual contributions. Pictures and words were tested for recognition in both their original formats and translated into participants´ second language. Multinomial Processing Tree (Batchelder & Riefer, 1999) and MINERVA (Hintzman, 1984) models were fitted to the data, and parameters corresponding to perceptual and conceptual recognition were estimated. Over three experiments, orienting tasks were varied, with neutral (Exp 1), semantic (Exp. 2), and perceptual (Exp. 3) instructions, and the encoding manipulations were used to validate the parameters. Results indicate that there is picture superiority in both conceptual and perceptual memory, but conceptual processing makes a stronger contribution to the advantage of pictures over words in recognition.
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| 29. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptual and perceptual memory : retrieval orientations reflected in event-related potentials
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Psychologica. - : Elsevier. - 0001-6918 .- 1873-6297. ; 122:2, s. 174-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In memory retrieval, search can be guided by mental sets towards different subsets of the available evidence. Such retrieval orientations have been suggested to leave an imprint on event-related potentials (ERPs). The present study aimed at characterizing orientations towards perceptual and conceptual evidence in a recognition task, where pictures and words were studied. In the recognition test, items were presented in either the same format as at study or in the opposite format. A between-subjects manipulation modified the task, instructing an Exclusion group to endorse only items that preserved their format from study, and an Inclusion group to endorse both formats of a studied item. It was hypothesized that exclusion instructions would instil a perceptual - and inclusion instructions a conceptual - orientation. As a corollary, instructions were expected to dissociate the high end from the low end of the picture-word mirror effect. This expectation was confirmed in a behavioural experiment. In an ERP experiment, retrieval orientations were examined in their effects on correct rejections of new pictures and words. Confirming earlier findings (Hornberger, Morcom, & Rugg, 2004), a perceptual orientation was accompanied by more positive-going amplitudes over widespread areas. The difference was larger for pictures than for words, supporting behavioural evidence that new pictures are more easily rejected on perceptual grounds than are new words. The Exclusion group showed no ERP evidence of cross-format old-new effects, despite reaction times indicative of involuntary conceptual recognition. The results indicate that perceptual and conceptual retrieval orientations imprint distinct signatures on ERPs. They further suggest that the examined old-new effects in ERPs are mainly linked to voluntary aspects of memory, even in a task where involuntary memory exerts effects on reaction times.
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| 30. |
- Stenberg, Georg, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptual and perceptual memory: Retrieval orientations reflected in event-related potentials
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Psychologica. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6297 .- 0001-6918. ; 122:2, s. 174-205
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In memory retrieval, search can be guided by mental sets towards different subsets of the available evidence. Such retrieval orientations have been suggested to leave an imprint on event-related potentials (ERPs). The present study aimed at characterizing orientations towards perceptual and conceptual evidence in a recognition task, where pictures and words were studied. In the recognition test, items were presented in either the same format as at study or in the opposite format. A between-subjects manipulation modified the task, instructing an Exclusion group to endorse only items that preserved their format from study, and an Inclusion group to endorse both formats of a studied item. It was hypothesized that exclusion instructions would instil a perceptual and inclusion instructions a conceptual orientation. As a corollary, instructions were expected to dissociate the high end from the low end of the picture word mirror effect. This expectation was confirmed in a behavioural experiment. In an ERP experiment, retrieval orientations were examined in their effects on correct rejections of new pictures and words. Confirming earlier findings [Hornberger, M., Morcom, A. M., & Rugg, M. D. (2004). Neural correlates of retrieval orientation: effects of study-test similarity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16(7), 1196-1210], a perceptual orientation was accompanied by more positive-going amplitudes over widespread areas. The difference was larger for pictures than for words, supporting behavioural evidence that new pictures are more easily rejected on perceptual grounds than are new words. The Exclusion group showed no ERP evidence of cross-format old-new effects, despite reaction times indicative of involuntary conceptual recognition. The results indicate that perceptual and conceptual retrieval orientations imprint distinct signatures on ERPs. They further suggest that the examined old-new effects in ERPs are mainly linked to voluntary aspects of memory, even in a task where involuntary memory exerts effects on reaction times.
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| 31. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-
(författare)
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Det kognitivt omedvetna
- 1994
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Ingår i: Åström, K., Engström, C., Marklund, K. (red), Nationalencyklopedin. - Höganäs : Bra böcker. ; , s. 440-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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“Do You See Yonder Cloud?” : on priming concepts, a new test and a familiar outcome. Reply to Lucas et al.: “Familiarity or conceptual priming? Good question! Comment on Stenberg, Hellman, Johansson, and Rosén (2009)”
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of cognitive neuroscience. - 0898-929X .- 1530-8898. ; 22:4, s. 618-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lucas, Voss, and Paller sympathize with our intentions but disagree with our findings. They argue that a relation between frequency and conceptual priming may have been obscured by methodological details in our second experiment, therefore failing to complete a bridge between conceptual priming and FN400 with name frequency as the mediator. However, renewed inspections of our experiment and a new additional experiment, designed to meet the objections, fail to find any role for name frequency in conceptual priming and therefore re-establish the dissociation of priming and the FN400. On closer inspection, our differing views seem to derive from different interpretations of the term “concept.”
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| 33. |
- Stenberg, Georg, et al.
(författare)
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"Do you see Yonder cloud?" - On priming concepts, a new test, and a familiar outcome. Reply to Lucas et al. : "Familiarity or conceptual priming? Good question! Comment on Stenberg, Hellman, Johansson, and Rosén (2009)"
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. - : MIT Press - Journals. - 0898-929X .- 1530-8898. ; 22:4, s. 618-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lucas, Voss, and Paller sympathize with our intentions but disagree with our findings. They argue that a relation between frequency and conceptual priming may have been obscured by methodological details in our second experiment, therefore failing to complete a bridge between conceptual priming and FN400 with name frequency as the mediator. However, renewed inspections of our experiment and a new additional experiment, designed to meet the objections, fail to find any role for name frequency in conceptual priming and therefore re-establish the dissociation of priming and the FN400. On closer inspection, our differing views seem to derive from different interpretations of the term "concept."
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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EEG topography of acute ethanol effects in resting and activated normals
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol. - 0096-882X .- 1934-2683. ; 55:6, s. 645-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute effects of ethanol on spectral characteristics of the EEG were studied using 18 recording sites and topographic mapping. The EEG was recorded both at rest and during a mental arithmetic task. Healthy young male volunteers were randomly assigned to an ethanol (n = 22) or a placebo (n = 15) group. The ethanol group received a total dose of 1.0 g/kg, divided into two equal doses given 75 minutes apart. and measurement sessions took place at baseline and after each dose. The placebo group underwent a similar schedule. Power in the theta, alpha and beta bands all increased in the ethanol group, but only the theta and beta bands clearly separated ethanol from placebo. Alpha increases were seen in the placebo group as well. The ethanol-induced changes were greater in the left hemisphere than in the right, having the effect of attenuating the right-over-left asymmetry seen at baseline. Differences between ethanol and placebo were more marked in the mentally activated condition, since the changes seen at rest were inhibited by the activation in the placebo group, but not in the ethanol group. The results indicate (1) that ethanol induces a less differentiated pattern of activity within the brain at rest, and (2) that it impairs the capacity to activate the brain under the challenge of a mental task.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Extraversion and regional blood flow
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychophysiology, vol. 4, no. 1. ; , s. 66-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-
(författare)
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Extraversion and the P300 in a visual classification task
- 1994
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 16:4, s. 543-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amplitude differences between extraverts and introverts in the P300 component of visual event-related potentials were examined in a picture classification task. A set of pictorial stimuli was used with three types of instructions, requiring responses based on colour, semantic category, or a combination of both criteria. Forty university students (22 men, 18 women) served as subjects. Based on their scores on the Eysenck Personality Inventory, they were divided into 3 groups of Low, Medium or High Extraversion. The pictures evoked large late positivities, with higher amplitude in the right hemisphere. P300 amplitude increased with increasing degrees of extraversion. The effect of extraversion on amplitude (High > Medium > Low) was larger for target stimuli in posterior derivations. The extraversion effect was mainly attributable to the impulsivity subtrait. Whereas some earlier studies have found higher P300 amplitudes for introverts in tasks inducing habituation or attention decrement, the present tasks differed by using more varied stimuli and by requiring more processing. The results are discussed in relation to theories on the biological basis of extraversion.
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| 43. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Familiarity or conceptual priming : event-related potentials in name recognition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Cognitivive Neuroscience. - 0898-929X. ; 21:3, s. 447-460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent interest has been drawn to the separate components of recognition memory, as studied by event-related potentials (ERPs). In ERPs, recollection is usually accompanied by a late, parietal positive deflection. An earlier, frontal component has been suggested to be a counterpart, accompanying recognition by familiarity. However, this component, the FN400, has alternatively been suggested to reflect a form of implicit memory, conceptual priming. The present study examined the ERP components of recognition memory using an episodic memory task with a stimulus material consisting of names, half of which were famous. Along a different dimension, the names varied in how rare or common they were. These dimensions, frequency and fame, exerted powerful effects on memory accuracy, and dissociated the two recognition processes, such that frequency gave rise to familiarity and fame fostered recollection, when the receiver operating characteristics data were analyzed with Yonelinas' dual-process signal detection model. The ERPs corresponded fully to the behavioral data because frequency affected the frontal component exclusively, and fame affected the parietal component exclusively. Moreover, a separate behavioral experiment showed that conceptual priming was sensitive to fame, but not to frequency. Our data therefore indicate that the FN400 varies jointly with familiarity, but independently of conceptual priming.
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| 44. |
- Stenberg, Georg, et al.
(författare)
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Familiarity or conceptual priming – event-related potentials in name recognition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. - : MIT Press - Journals. - 1530-8898 .- 0898-929X. ; 21:3, s. 447-460
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent interest has been drawn to the separate components of recognition memory, as studied by event-related potentials (ERPs). In ERPs, recollection is usually accompanied by a late, parietal positive deflection. An earlier, frontal component has been suggested to be a counterpart, accompanying recognition by familiarity. However, this component, the FN400, has alternatively been suggested to reflect a form of implicit memory, conceptual priming. The present study examined the ERP components of recognition memory using an episodic memory task with a stimulus material consisting of names, half of which were famous. Along a different dimension, the names varied in how rare or common they were. These dimensions, frequency and fame, exerted powerful effects on memory accuracy, and dissociated the two recognition processes, such that frequency gave rise to familiarity and fame fostered recollection, when the receiver operating characteristics data were analyzed with Yonelinas' dual-process signal detection model. The ERPs corresponded fully to the behavioral data because frequency affected the frontal component exclusively, and fame affected the parietal component exclusively. Moreover, a separate behavioral experiment showed that conceptual priming was sensitive to fame, but not to frequency. Our data therefore indicate that the FN400 varies jointly with familiarity, but independently of conceptual priming.
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| 45. |
- Stenberg, Georg
(författare)
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Impulse control disorders - the continuum hypothesis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Parkinson's Disease. - 1877-7171 .- 1877-718X. ; 6:1, s. 67-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The group Parkinson Inside Out is composed of health professionals and academic researchers who have been diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease. In our discussions we try to make use of both our inside perspective as patients, and our outside perspective as professionals. In this paper, we apply the two perspectives to the Impulse Control Disorders. These impulsive behaviour patterns are thought to be relatively uncommon side effects of some of the medication used in dopamine replacement therapy. The phenomenon is usually described as relatively rare (< 15%), and mainly confined to patients with special vulnerabilities. In contrast, we propose that having some problems with controlling impulses is a very common experience for patients undergoing dopamine replacement therapy. They result from difficulties in decision making engendered by variations in dopamine accessibility in the reward centre of the brain. Only in a minority do the consequences grow to the damaging proportions of a disorder, but most patients are probably affected to some degree. Seeing, and measuring, decision difficulties as a continuous dimension, rather than as a discrete category, brings increased possibilities for early detection and continuous monitoring. With reliable measures of the propensity for impulsive decision making, it may become possible to both reap the benefits and avoid the dangers of the dopamine agonists. We point to ways of empirically testing our continuity hypothesis.
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| 46. |
- Stenberg, Georg
(författare)
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Impulse Control Disorders : The Continuum Hypothesis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Parkinson's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1877-7171 .- 1877-718X. ; 6:1, s. 67-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The group Parkinson Inside Out is composed of health professionals and academic researchers who have been diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease. In our discussions we try to make use of both our inside perspective as patients, and our outside perspective as professionals. In this paper, we apply the two perspectives to the Impulse Control Disorders. These impulsive behaviour patterns are thought to be relatively uncommon side effects of some of the medication used in dopamine replacement therapy. The phenomenon is usually described as relatively rare (
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Judging words at face value : interference in a word processing task reveals automatic processing of affective facial expressions
- 1998
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Ingår i: Cognition & Emotion. - 0269-9931 .- 1464-0600. ; 12:6, s. 755-782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier research has indicated that some characteristics of facial expressions may be automatically processed. This study investigated automaticity as evidenced by involuntary interference in a word evaluation task. Compound stimuli, consisting of words superimposed on pictures of affective faces, were presented to subjects who were given the task of evaluating the affective valence of the words while disregarding the faces. Results of three experiments showed that word evaluation was influenced by the concurrently shown affective faces. Overall, negative words were found to require longer latencies, indicating that more processing resources are invested in negative than in positive stimuli. This speed advantage for positive words was modified by the faces. Negative words were facilitated, relative to positive ones, when shown with a negative expression, e.g. a sad face. Correspondingly, negative words were inhibited, relative to positive ones, when shown with a positive expression, e.g. a happy face. The results are consistent with automatic, involuntary semantic processing of affective facial expressions.
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| 49. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-
(författare)
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Känsloliv, personlighet och hjärnaktivitet
- 1991
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Ingår i: Ingvar, D. H. (red), Hjärna, psyke och tid. - Höganäs : Wiken. - 9171190694 ; , s. 76-83
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 50. |
- Stenberg, Georg
(författare)
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Memory for pictures and words - perceptual and semantic factors in the picture superiority effect
- 2002
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Ingår i: Binding in human memory - a neurocognitive approach.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Memory for pictures and words - perceptual and semantic factors in the picture superiority effect Georg Stenberg, Växjö University, Sweden Memory for pictures is known to surpass memory for corresponding concrete words, an effect often attributed to the more distinctive perceptual form of pictures. A consequence of this view is that picture superiority would not survive a transformation in which only semantic, not perceptual, features were preserved from study to test, such as studying a picture of a horse and recognising the word "horse". In the present experiments, either pictures or Swedish words were studied. Recognition tests were performed with items in either their original form or translated into English words. (Participants were Swedish students with adequate command of English.) Across three experiments that varied processing depth of the orienting task, the advantage for items studied as pictures was preserved in English-language recognition. Further, a multinomial model with separate parameters for form-based and semantically based recognition was fitted to the data. Results showed (1) that encoding of both semantic and perceptual features was more effective for pictures than for words and (2) that encoding of pictures was less affected by orienting task than encoding of words. The results suggest that pick-up of both semantic and perceptual features is more automatic and efficient for pictures than for words.
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