| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Banér, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Microarray-based molecular detection of foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and swine vesicular disease viruses, using padlock probes
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Virological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-0934 .- 1879-0984. ; 143:2, s. 200-206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Organization for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties, OIE) includes the diseases caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), as "Diseases Notifiable to the OIE". Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks have severe economical as well as social effects and cannot be differentiated from the diseases caused by the other two viruses on the basis of clinical symptoms. Efficient laboratory techniques are therefore required for detection and identification of the viruses causing similar vesicular symptoms in swine. A rapid method is described using padlock probes and microarrays to detect simultaneously and differentiate the three viruses in a single reaction, as well as providing serotype information in cases of VSV infection. The padlock probe/microarray assay detected successfully and identified 39 cDNA samples of different origin representing the three viruses. The results were in complete agreement with identities and serotypes determined previously. This novel virus detection method is discussed in terms of usefulness and further development.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Nulägesanalys trädgård
- 2018
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Rapporten Nulägesanalys - trädgård har genomförts inom ramen för projektgruppen Insatsstyrka trädgård. Syftet med inventeringen har varit att ge svar på vem som jobbar med trädgårdsvetenskap, vilka forskargrupper och med vilka forskningsämnen, samt identifiera framtida arbetsfält inom ämnet trädgårdsvetenskap och därmed ge uppslag för framtida utveckling av forskningsfält, utbildning och samverkan. I detta ingår att kartlägga trädgårdsvetenskaplig forskning, utbildning och samverkan vid SLU. Nulägesanalysen förväntas därmed ge en grund för fortsatt strategiskt arbete med att utveckla ämnet trädgårdsvetenskap (Horticultural Science) utifrån inventerade resurser och förutsättningar.
|
|
| 8. |
- de Peppo, Giuseppe Maria, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Human embryonic mesodermal progenitors highly resemble human mesenchymal stem cells and display high potential for tissue engineering applications.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Tissue engineering. Part A. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1937-335X .- 1937-3341. ; 16:7, s. 2161-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adult stem cells, such as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), show limited proliferative capacity and, after long-term culture, lose their differentiation capacity and are therefore not an optimal cell source for tissue engineering. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) constitute an important new resource in this field, but one major drawback is the risk of tumor formation in the recipients. One alternative is to use progenitor cells derived from hESCs that are more lineage restricted but do not form teratomas. We have recently derived a cell line from hESCs denoted hESC-derived mesodermal progenitors (hES-MPs), and here, using genome-wide microarray analysis, we report that the process of hES-MPs derivation results in a significantly altered expression of hESC characteristic genes to an expression level highly similar to that of hMSCs. However, hES-MPs displayed a significantly higher proliferative capacity and longer telomeres. The hES-MPs also displayed lower expression of HLA class II proteins before and after interferon-gamma treatment, indicating that these cells may somewhat be immunoprivileged and potentially used for HLA-incompatible transplantation. The hES-MPs are thus an appealing alternative to hMSCs in tissue engineering applications and stem-cell-based therapies for mesodermal tissues.
|
|
| 9. |
- Johansson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Targeted resequencing of candidate genes using Selector Probes
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 39:2, s. e8-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Targeted genome enrichment is a powerful tool for making use of the massive throughput of novel DNA-sequencing instruments. We herein present a simple and scalable protocol for multiplex amplification of target regions based on the Selector technique. The updated version exhibits improved coverage and compatibility with next-generation-sequencing (NGS) library-construction procedures for shotgun sequencing with NGS platforms. To demonstrate the performance of the technique, all 501 exons from 28 genes frequently involved in cancer were enriched for and sequenced in specimens derived from cell lines and tumor biopsies. DNA from both fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies were analyzed and 94 specificity and 98 coverage of the targeted region was achieved. Reproducibility between replicates was high (R 2=0, 98) and readily enabled detection of copy-number variations. The procedure can be carried out in <24 h and does not require any dedicated instrumentation.
|
|
| 10. |
- Landegren, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular tools for a molecular medicine : analyzing genes, transcripts and proteins using padlock and proximity probes
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Recognition. - : Wiley. - 0952-3499 .- 1099-1352. ; 17:3, s. 194-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Procedures and reagents are needed to specifically detect all the macromolecules that are being identified in the course of genome projects. We discuss how this challenge may be met using a set of ligation-based reagents termed padlock probes and proximity ligation probes. These probes include elements with affinity for specific nucleic acid and protein molecules, respectively, along with unique identifier DNA sequence elements that encode the identity of the recognized target molecules. The information content of DNA strands that form in the detection reactions are recorded after amplification, allowing the recognized target molecules to be identified. The procedures permit highly specific solution-phase or localized analyses of large sets of target molecules as required in future molecular analyses.
|
|
| 11. |
- Landegren, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Padlock and proximity probes for in situ and array-based analyses : tools for the post genomic era
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Comparative and functional genomics. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1531-6912 .- 1532-6268. ; 4:5, s. 525-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly specific high-throughput assays will be required to take full advantage of the accumulating information about the macromolecular composition of cells and tissues, in order to characterize biological systems in health and disease. We discuss the general problem of detection specificity and present the approach our group has taken, involving the reformatting of analogue biological information to digital reporter segments of genetic information via a series of DNA ligation assays. The assays enable extensive, coordinated analyses of the numbers and locations of genes, transcripts and protein.
|
|
| 12. |
- Larsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Biological characterization of new inhibitors of microsomal PGE synthase-1 in preclinical models of inflammation and vascular tone
- 2019
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1188 .- 1476-5381. ; 176:24, s. 4625-4638
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose Microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1), the inducible synthase that catalyses the terminal step in PGE(2) biosynthesis, is of high interest as therapeutic target to treat inflammation. Inhibition of mPGES-1 is suggested to be safer than traditional NSAIDs, and recent data demonstrate anti-constrictive effects on vascular tone, indicating new therapeutic opportunities. However, there is a lack of potent mPGES-1 inhibitors lacking interspecies differences for conducting in vivo studies in relevant preclinical disease models. Experimental Approach Potency was determined based on the reduction of PGE(2) formation in recombinant enzyme assays, cellular assay, human whole blood assay, and air pouch mouse model. Anti-inflammatory properties were assessed by acute paw swelling in a paw oedema rat model. Effect on vascular tone was determined with human ex vivo wire myography. Key Results We report five new mPGES-1 inhibitors (named 934, 117, 118, 322, and 323) that selectively inhibit recombinant human and rat mPGES-1 with IC50 values of 10-29 and 67-250 nM respectively. The compounds inhibited PGE(2) production in a cellular assay (IC50 values 0.15-0.82 mu M) and in a human whole blood assay (IC50 values 3.3-8.7 mu M). Moreover, the compounds blocked PGE(2) formation in an air pouch mouse model and reduced acute paw swelling in a paw oedema rat model. Human ex vivo wire myography analysis showed reduced adrenergic vasoconstriction after incubation with the compounds. Conclusion and Implications These mPGES-1 inhibitors can be used as refined tools in further investigations of the role of mPGES-1 in inflammation and microvascular disease.
|
|
| 13. |
- Stenberg, Erik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of Sleeve Gastrectomy vs Intensive Lifestyle Modification in Patients With a BMI of 30 to Less Than 35
- 2022
-
Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association. - 2574-3805. ; 5:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: There is a lack of studies evaluating sleeve gastrectomy compared with intensive lifestyle treatment in patients with class 1 obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30 to <35 [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared]).Objective: To compare outcomes and safety of sleeve gastrectomy compared with intensive nonoperative obesity treatment in patients with class 1 obesity.Design, Setting, and Participants: This matched, nationwide cohort study included patients with class 1 obesity who underwent a sleeve gastrectomy or intensive lifestyle treatment between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017, and who were registered in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry or the Itrim health database. Participants with class 1 obesity were matched 1:2 using a propensity score including age, sex, BMI, treatment year, education level, income, cardiovascular disease, and use of antibiotic drugs, antidepressants, and anxiolytics.Interventions: Sleeve gastrectomy or intensive lifestyle treatment.Main Outcomes and Measures: Outcomes included weight loss after intervention, changes in metabolic comorbidities, substance use disorders, self-harm, and major cardiovascular events retrieved from the National Patient Register, Prescribed Drug Register, and Cause of Death Register as well as the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry and the Itrim health database. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2021 until May 31, 2022.Results: The study included 1216 surgery patients and 2432 lifestyle participants with similar mean (SD) BMI (32.8 [1.4] vs 32.9 [1.4]), mean (SD) age (42.4 [9.7] vs 42.6 [12.7] years), and sex (1091 [89.7%] vs 2191 [90.1%] women). Surgery patients had greater 1-year weight loss compared with controls (22.9 kg vs 11.9 kg; mean difference, 10.7 kg; 95% CI, 10.0-11.5 kg; P < .001). Over a median follow-up of 5.1 years (IQR, 3.9-6.2 years), surgery patients had a lower risk of incident use of diabetes drugs (59.7 vs 100.4 events per 10 000 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39-0.92; P = .02) and greater 2-year diabetes drug remission (48.4% vs 22.0%; risk difference 26.4%; 95% CI, 11.7%-41.0%; P < .001), but higher risk for substance use disorder (94 vs 50 events per 10 000 person-years; HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.30-2.67; P < .001) and self-harm (45 vs 25 events per 10 000 person-years; HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.09-3.01; P = .02). No between-group difference in occurrence of major cardiovascular events was observed (23.4 vs 24.8 events per 10 000 person-years; HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.49-1.91; P = .92).Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, compared with intensive nonoperative obesity treatment, sleeve gastrectomy in patients with class 1 obesity was associated with greater weight loss, diabetes prevention, and diabetes remission but a higher incidence of substance use disorder and self-harm.
|
|
| 14. |
- Stenberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantitative proteomics reveals regulatory differences in the chondrocyte secretome from human medial and lateral femoral condyles in osteoarthritic patients
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proteome Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-5956. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a destructive joint disease and there are no known biomarkers available for an early diagnosis. To identify potential disease biomarkers and gain further insight into the disease mechanisms of OA we applied quantitative proteomics with SILAC technology on the secretomes from chondrocytes of OA knees, designated as high Mankin (HM) scored secretome. A quantitative comparison was made between the secretomes of the medial and lateral femur condyle chondrocytes in the same knee since the medial femur condyle is usually more affected in OA than the lateral condyle, which was confirmed by Mankin scoring. The medial/lateral comparison was also made on the secretomes from chondrocytes taken from one individual with no clinically apparent joint-disease, designated as low Mankin (LM) scored secretome. Results: We identified 825 proteins in the HM secretome and 69 of these showed differential expression when comparing the medial and lateral femoral compartment. The LM scored femoral condyle showed early signs of OA in the medial compartment as assessed by Mankin score. We here report the identification and relative quantification of several proteins of interest for the OA disease mechanism e.g. CYTL1, DMD and STAB1 together with putative early disease markers e.g. TIMP1, PPP2CA and B2M. Conclusions: The present study reveals differences in protein abundance between medial/lateral femur condyles in OA patients. These regulatory differences expand the knowledge regarding OA disease markers and mechanisms.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Ahlgren, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Klimatrelaterade förändringar i sjöar och vattendrag : En jämförelse mellan två perioder (1995-2000 och 2009-2014)
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Miljöövervakningsprogrammen ger oss möjligheten att övervaka hur storskaliga förändringar,såsom klimatet och försurningen, påverkar våra sjöar och vattendrag. Det nationellasötvattensprogrammets delprogram "Trendstationer sjöar" och "Trendstationer vattendrag"kan tillsammans med regionala övervakningsprogram ge en övergripande bild av dennuvarande statusen samt fungera som ett verktyg för övervakning av potentiella förändringari våra sötvattenssystem.En faktor som kan framkalla stora förändringar är den pågående klimatförändringen, vilkenbland annat innebär en högre medeltemperatur och förändrade vädersystem. Till exempelleder dessa förändringar till en förlängd växtsäsong och en snabbare nedbrytning av organisktmaterial i marken. Samtidigt kommer de kraftigare regnen att öka på vissa platser, vilketleder till att mer organiskt material sköljs ut i våra sjöar och vattendrag. Den ökade temperaturenförändrar också spelreglerna för de organismer som är anpassade för kallt vattenoch det möjliggör att nya områden kan koloniseras av arter som är anpassade för varmareklimat.Det finns även andra antroprogena störningar som påverkar våra sjöar och vattendrag, tillexempel utsläppen av svaveldioxid som låg bakom den kraftiga försurning av mark och vattensom man än idag ser konsekvenserna av. Utsläppen av svaveldioxid har sedan 80-taletminskat kraftigt och nu börjar man se en långsam återhämtning i vissa sjöar och vattendrag. För att förstå mer om hur dessa direkta och indirekta effekter av klimatförändringarna ochförsurningen påverkar våra svenska vatten har denna studie utvärderat tidsseriedata för perioderna1995-2000 och 2009-2014 från svenska sjöar och vattendrag. Samtliga sjöar och vattendrag i denna studie ingår i den nationella eller regionala miljöövervakningenoch totalt har 177 sjöar och 121 vattendragslokaler inkluderats i analyserna. Generellaförändringar mellan perioderna i vattenkemi och biologiska parametrar har studerats. Likaså om dessa förändringar skiljer sig åt beroende på sjöarnas och vattendragensstorlek, vattenfärg och alkalinitet. Slutligen har även sjöarnas och vattendragens geografiskaplacering baserat på de så kallade ekoregionerna inkluderats i utvärderingen.De kemisk-fysikaliska parametrar från sjöarna och vattendragen som har undersökts är lufttemperatur,absorbans, TOC (totalt organiskt kol), järn, sulfat, totalkväve, totalfosfor samtpH och alkalinitet. Förändringar avseende växtplankton har studerats med hjälp av parametrarnatotal biovolym (mm3/l), trofiskt planktonindex (TPI), antalet växtplanktonarteroch andelen cyanobakterier. För bottenfauna har förändringar av kvotenOligochaeta/Chironomidae analyserats.Resultaten visar att siktdjupet i de undersökta sjöarna minskar mellan perioderna. Dennaminskning i siktdjup kan kopplas till den ökning av TOC, absorbans och järn som sker parallellt.För vattendragen sker en liknande utveckling med en generell ökning i absorbans,TOC och järn. Dessa förändringar har dels en direkt koppling till klimatförändringarna genomen förlängd växtsäsong och dels en koppling till ökad nedbrytning vilket leder till mertillgängligt organiskt material. Vidare så kan förändringar i nederbörden påverka hur mycket av detta organiska material som spolas ut i vattensystemen. Dessutom så spelar denminskade sulfatdepositionen en stor roll i den ökande vattenfärgen och i förlängningensiktdjupet genom kemiska förändringar i jordlagren som leder till att mer material blir tillgängligtoch kan sköljas ut i vattnet. Den minskade mängden sulfat i sjöarna och vattendragenär den tydligaste förändringen i datamaterialet och kan direkt kopplas till en minskadsulfatdeposition, men inte till klimatförändringarna. Denna minskning syns även i pH ochalkaliniteten som båda generellt ökar mellan perioderna. Förändringen för pH och alkalinitetär dock inte lika tydlig som för sulfat. Även om trenderna är desamma i vattendragensom för sjöarna är förändringen dock inte lika tydlig i vattendragen. Orsaken är de fysiskaskillnaderna mellan vattendrag och sjöar, där vattendragen ser mycket kraftigare variationeri flöde inom och mellan år och därmed också i de undersökta variablerna.För sjöarnas närsalter sker också signifikanta förändringar mellan perioderna, kväve minskargenerellt, medan fosfor minskar eller ökar beroende på vilken sjötyp man tittar på. Förvattendragen sker inte några generella förändringar i fosfor mellan de undersökta perioderna,däremot så minskar kväve generellt även i vattendragen. Kväveminskningen kandelvis härledas direkt till den minskning i atmosfärisk deposition som skett under perioden,men åtgärder inom skogs- och jordbruket för att minska kväve- och fosforläckaget påverkarantagligen också förändringen av närsaltskoncentrationerna. Här kan en mer lokal utvärderingdär man även inkluderar olika kväveminskande åtgärder samt markanvändning ianalyserna, ge en bättre förståelse för vad som drivit förändringen i näringssalter.Bland de biologiska variabler som har kunnat undersökas så ökar antalet växtplanktonartergenerellt i sjöarna mellan perioderna, vilket kan vara en respons på den minskade försurningen.Vidare så ökar det trofiska planktonindexet mellan perioderna, vilket indikerar attsjöarna blivit näringsrikare. En möjlig förklaring kan också vara den ökade mängden TOCoch därmed en tillförsel av mer organiskt bundna närsalter. Det är dock så att även om detsker en ökning i trofiska planktonindex så visar det fortfarande inte på att det finns någrakraftiga övergödningsproblem i de undersökta sjöarna. Vidare har andelen cyanobakterieroch den totala biovolymen växtplankton inte förändrats generellt under perioden. För bottenfaunanundersöktes Oligochaeta/Chironomidae-kvoten, som ökar generellt vid övergödningför att syrgashalten blir låg och/eller den organiska belastningen hög på sjöbotten.För kvoten sker inga generella förändringar, dock sker det förändringar när sjöarna delasupp i sjötyp. Det är svårt att hitta någon generell förklaring till dessa förändringar, men lokalaoch mer ingående analyser kan möjligen hitta förklaringar till dessa förändringar i O/Ckvoten. Det saknas mycket biologiska provtagningar i det datamaterial som låg till grundför denna studie, för vattenkemin finns det till exempel ca 170 sjöar, men för biologin endastca 50 sjöar som kan inkluderas i utvärderingen. Med tanke på de stora förändringar somsker i vattenfärg och sulfatkoncentrationer så skulle övergripande analyser av både bottenfaunaoch växtplankton vara av stor betydelse för miljöövervakningen av våra sjöar ochvattendrag. Sammanfattningsvis har klimatförändringarna i form av temperaturökningar och förändradenederbördsmönster påverkat våra sjöar och vattendrag under perioden 1995-2014.Men även andra faktorer, såsom den minskande sulfatdepositionen, påverkar våra sjöar ochvattendrag. Dels direkt genom högre pH och alkalinitet, men framför allt indirekt genomförändringar i exporten av TOC och järn. I förlängningen ökar denna export brunifieringenoch tillgången på kol och närsalter för djur och växter.
|
|
| 19. |
- Al-Baldawi, Riyadh, et al.
(författare)
-
Underskatta inte religiös extremism
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2018-01-08, s. 4-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- En del av det svenska biståndets insatser planerade för Mellanöstern kan bli omöjliga att genomföra. Sidas analytiker har inte tagit tillräcklig hänsyn till en ökande religiös våldsbejakande extremism och dess genomslag i hela området.
|
|
| 20. |
- Al-Tai, Saif, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of the bougie size and the extent of antral resection on weight-loss and postoperative complications following sleeve gastrectomy : results from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1550-7289 .- 1878-7533. ; 20:2, s. 139-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The optimal sleeve diameter and distance from the pylorus to the edge of the resection line in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) remain controversial.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of bougie size and antral resection distance from the pylorus on postoperative complications and weight-loss results in LSG.SETTING: Nationwide registry-based study.METHODS: This study included all LSGs performed in Sweden between 2012 and 2019. Data were obtained from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry. Reference bougie size of 35-36 Fr and an antral resection distance of 5 cm from the pylorus were compared to narrower bougie size (30-32 Fr), shorter distances (1-4 cm), and extended distances (6-8 cm) from the pylorus in assessing postoperative complications and weight loss as the outcomes of LSG. RESULTS: The study included 9,360 patients with postoperative follow-up rates of 96%, 79%, and 50% at 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively. Narrow bougie and short antral resection distance from the pylorus were significantly associated with increased postoperative weight loss. Bougie size was not associated with increased early or late complications. However, short antral resection distance was associated with high risk of overall early complications [odds ratio: 1.46 (1.17-1.82, P = .001)], although no impact on late complications at 1 and 2 years was observed.CONCLUSIONS: Using a narrow bougie and initiating resection closer to the pylorus were associated with greater maximum weight loss. Although a closer resection to the pylorus was associated with an increased risk of early postoperative complications, no association was observed with the use of narrow bougie for LSG.
|
|
| 21. |
- Al-Tai, Saif, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
THE IMPACT OF THE BOUGIE SIZE AND THE EXTENT OF ANTRAL RESECTION ON WEIGHT-LOSS AND POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY : RESULTS FROM THE SCANDINAVIAN OBESITY SURGERY REGISTRY
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 33:Suppl. 2, s. 332-332
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) as a primary bariatric procedure has gained increasing popularity world-wide. However, controversies still exist regarding several operative aspects, such as the optimal diameter of thesleeve and the optimal distance from the pylorus to the edge of the resection line, and whether these aspects haveeffects on weight-loss results and the risk to develop postoperative complications.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare weight-loss results and the incidence of postoperative complications betweensleeve with different diameters measured in bougie size and with different distances from the pylorus to the edge ofthe resection line measured in centimeter.Setting: Nationwide registry-based study.Method: This study is an analysis of sleeve gastrectomy performed in Sweden between 2012 and 2019. Data were collectedfrom Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg). Patients with bougie size 30-32 and 35-36 and patients withdistance from pylorus 1-4 cm, 5 cm, 6-8 cm were identified and compared regarding weight-loss results and the riskto develop postoperative complications.Results: 9,360 patients were included. Follow-up rate was 96% at day 30, 78.8% at one year and 50% at two years. Bothbougie size 30-32 compared to 35-36 and distance from the pylorus 1-4 cm compared to 5 cm were associated withsignificant higher weight-loss at one and two years. No difference in the risk for early or late complications was seenbetween bougie size groups 30-32 and 35-36. Resection starting 1-4 cm from the pylorus compared to 5 cm was as-sociated with higher risk for overall early postoperative complications (OR 1.46 (1.17-1.82, P=.001)), but there wasno significant difference in the risk to develop late complication at 1 and 2 years. No difference in the leak rate andin the risk to develop stricture was seen between different Bougie sizes, nor distances from the Pylorus.Conclusion: Using a smaller Bougie size and starting the resection closer to the pylorus was associated with better maximumweight-loss. Closer resection to the Pylorus, but not Bougie size was associated with increased risk for early postop-erative complications after sleeve gastrectomy.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
Updated pest risk assessment of Phytophthora ramorum in Norway
- 2023
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionThe Norwegian Food Safety Authority has asked the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment for an updated pest risk assessment of Phytophthora ramorum in Norway. The previous risk assessment of P. ramorum for Norway is from 2009. Since then, the pathogen has been detected repeatedly in Norway, primarily in parks, garden centres, and nurseries in southwestern Norway. The knowledge base concerning P. ramorum has changed since the last pest risk assessment, with increased genetic knowledge about different populations, lineages, and mating types. The risks associated with P. ramorum have also changed, since the disease has become epidemic in new host plants, such as larch trees in England. This updated pest risk assessment will provide important input to the Norwegian Food Safety Authority’s efforts to develop the Norwegian plant health regulation.MethodsVKM established a project group with expertise in plant health, forest pathology, horticultural plant pathology, plant disease modelling, and pest risk assessment. The group conducted systematic literature searches and scrutinized the relevant literature. In the absence of Norwegian studies, VKM relied on literature from other countries. The group did a quantitative risk assessment describing the level of confidence in the conclusions and identifying uncertainties and data gaps. The report underwent pre-submission commenting and external expert reviewing before final approval and publication.Results and conclusionsPhytophthora ramorum is present in the PRA area but has a restricted distribution, mainly being detected in the southern and southwestern parts of Norway.The only P. ramorum lineage considered to be present in Norway is EU1 with mating type A1. The other lineage in Europe, EU2, has so far mainly been documented from the UK. The most widely distributed multilocus genotype of P. ramorum in Norway is EU1MLG1, which became dominant in Europe (including Norway) after 2008. In North America, the NA1, NA2, and EU1 lineages are known from both nurseries and forests. NA1 and NA2 are of the opposite mating type (A2) than European lineages. Recently, various other lineages of P. ramorum have been described from Asia. The main risks for future problems with P. ramorum in Norway are related to entry and establishment of non-European isolates (of all lineages), as well as emergence of new genotypes in European P. ramorum populations.There are several options for diagnosing P. ramorum to species and lineage (mainly EU1, EU2, NA1, and NA2). From a management perspective it is more important to distinguish these entities than mating type and isolate groups (genotypes). The latter are mainly relevant for research purposes or in cases of unexpected disease developments, such as new hosts, increased spread or more severe symptoms on known hosts. However, for more detailed regulation, monitoring, and management of P. ramorum it could also be useful to test for genotypes, i.e. to distinguish EU1MLG1 from other genotypes.Rhododendron remains the most important host plant for P. ramorum in Norway, both in terms of imported plants and detections (mainly in nurseries, garden centres, and public parks). Species in other ornamental plant genera, such as Viburnum, Pieris, and Kalmia, are also listed as major hosts in Europe, and P. ramorum has been detected at least once on species in all these genera in Norway. In the US, Rhododendron, Viburnum, Pieris, Syringa, and Camellia are considered to be the main ornamental hosts. In Norway, there has been one documented detection of P. ramorum on Syringa. Vaccinium and several tree species are potential hosts in the wider environment in Norway, but these hosts are most likely to be infected on sites where rhododendrons are affected by P. ramorum.We consider the probability of entry of P. ramorum to Norway to be very likely, with a low level of uncertainty. Plants for planting, in particular rhododendron and other ornamental hosts, remain the most important entry pathway for P. ramorum. Due to the high import volumes to Norway from Europe, nurseries in the EU are still the main sources of infected plants.If efforts to prevent import of infected plants and to eradicate P. ramorum infestations are discontinued, we consider it very likely that the pathogen will eventually establish in or spread to new areas in Norway. There is a high potential for establishment and spread of P. ramorum along the southwestern and southern coast of Norway, where climatic conditions are favourable for the pathogen and rhododendron and other hosts are common.We consider the overall probability of spread of P. ramorum in Norway after establishment to be moderately likely, with a medium level of uncertainty. Despite repeated detections of the pathogen in some locations, further spread seems to be local and limited. New sites with P. ramorum outbreaks have been rare in Norway in the last decade. Whether this is due to import regulations, eradication efforts (removal of infected plants) or other factors is difficult to determine. Despite the limited spread of P. ramorum in Norway so far, the potential for persisting infections and spread in areas with a conducive climate (high precipitation) cannot be ignored.Phytophthora ramorum still meets the criteria for being regulated as a potential quarantine pest, at least all other lineages than EU1 – thought to be the only lineage present in Norway. For the EU1 lineage, a possible categorization for European isolates is ‘regulated nonquarantine pest’, whereas non-European EU1 isolates fulfil the criteria of being a quarantine pest. Within the EU1 lineage there are different isolate groups, and new genotypes may arise. If the genotype of EU1 isolates detected in imported plant materials differs from isolates that are already present in Norway, European EU1 isolates also fit the category ‘quarantine pest’.The potential effect of introducing new lineages, mating types or isolate groups is considered to be similar for new areas in Norway and areas where P. ramorum is already present. If the pathogen becomes widely spread and/or more genotypically diverse, the potential for damage is considered to be high, due to disease development in infected trees and the possibility of shifts in host plants. In addition to preventing new introductions, it is important to limit domestic spread of the pathogen from known infestations and, if possible, to eradicate P. ramorum from those sites. The longer P. ramorum is present at a site, and the more widespread the pathogen becomes, the higher is the risk that the pathogen will adapt to (new) local hosts and environmental factors.Monitoring host plants for symptoms and testing for the presence of P. ramorum, especially on imported plants, remain the best risk-reducing options. Other effective risk-reducing options are prompt removal and destruction of infected ornamental hosts, in particular rhododendron, and to not replant with susceptible plant species. For infected trees, the best management measures depend on the situation, but infected larch trees should always be removed and destroyed. For non-transmissive tree species, such as beech, the risk of inadvertently spreading the pathogen during felling activities should be weighed against the risk associated with leaving an infected tree on site. Finally, it can be useful to run public awareness campaigns about the importance of cleaning soil from footgear and other items after visiting areas where P. ramorum is present (both in Norway and abroad), as well as other risk-reducing options for private gardens.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Axelsson, Petter, et al.
(författare)
-
Associational resistance mediates interacting effects of herbivores and competitors on fireweed performance
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Basic and Applied Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1439-1791 .- 1618-0089. ; 15, s. 10-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neighboring plants may have dual roles in relation to focal plants, being both competitors, and mediators of associational resistance (AR), or associational susceptibility (AS) to herbivores. Even though these two roles are played out simultaneously in nature, they have traditionally been studied separately. We conducted a two-by-two factorial experiment by manipulating the occurrence of neighbors (meadowsweet, Filipendula ulmaria) and shared mammal herbivores (moose, Alces alces) to investigate how the two simultaneously affect the performance of focal fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium) plants.We found that interactions between mammal herbivory and neighbors had significant effects on fireweed performance. These effects were explained by two counteracting mechanisms. First, when mammal herbivores were present, fireweed experienced AR such that plants growing outside of meadowsweet patches had an almost tripled risk of being browsed compared to plants growing among meadowsweet, resulting in reduced fireweed reproduction and growth. Second, when mammals were excluded, the association with meadowsweet had a direct negative effect on fireweed growth rates - mainly due to competition for light. Additionally, for the first time, we show that association with neighbors affected mammal-induced branching in fireweed.This study demonstrates that AR mediated by mammal herbivores can flip plant-plant interactions from competitive (-) to facilitative (+), and affect plant architecture. As AR and competition are probably simultaneously co-occurring forces, interactions between the two are likely common and thus of fundamental importance for populations and communities.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Birkhofer, Klaus, et al.
(författare)
-
Methods to identify the prey of invertebrate predators in terrestrial field studies
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 7:6, s. 1942-1953
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predation is an interaction during which an organism kills and feeds on another organism. Past and current interest in studying predation in terrestrial habitats has yielded a number of methods to assess invertebrate predation events in terrestrial ecosystems. We provide a decision tree to select appropriate methods for individual studies. For each method, we then present a short introduction, key examples for applications, advantages and disadvantages, and an outlook to future refinements. Video and, to a lesser extent, live observations are recommended in studies that address behavioral aspects of predator-prey interactions or focus on per capita predation rates. Cage studies are only appropriate for small predator species, but often suffer from a bias via cage effects. The use of prey baits or analyses of prey remains are cheaper than other methods and have the potential to provide per capita predation estimates. These advantages often come at the cost of low taxonomic specificity. Molecular methods provide reliable estimates at a fine level of taxonomic resolution and are free of observer bias for predator species of any size. However, the current PCR-based methods lack the ability to estimate predation rates for individual predators and are more expensive than other methods. Molecular and stable isotope analyses are best suited to address systems that include a range of predator and prey species. Our review of methods strongly suggests that while in many cases individual methods are sufficient to study specific questions, combinations of methods hold a high potential to provide more holistic insights into predation events. This review presents an overview of methods to researchers that are new to the field or to particular aspects of predation ecology and provides recommendations toward the subset of suitable methods to identify the prey of invertebrate predators in terrestrial field research.
|
|
| 33. |
- Björkman, Christer, et al.
(författare)
-
Food Conditioning Affects Expression of Insect Resistance in Diploid Willows (Salix spp.)
- 2013
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Plant Sciences. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2158-2742 .- 2158-2750. ; 4, s. 48-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high energy quota and versatility of use make willows (Salix spp.) attractive as bioenergy crops. Insect defoliation constitutes a threat to the profitability of willow growers. Hitherto, the breeding for resistance against the main insect pests has been hampered by the fact that all known resistant willow clones are polyploids, and existing molecular breeding tools work most effectively for diploids. Here, we firstly report diploid willows highly resistant to the main insect defoliator, the leaf beetle (Phratora vulgatissima), offering new opportunities for breeding resistance. Leaf bee-tles exposed to three resistant clones (two S. purpurea one S. eriocephala) laid three to 27 times fewer eggs than fe-males on a susceptible S. viminalis clone. Secondly, we show that beetles laid significantly more eggs on resistant clones if they were fed the susceptible clone prior to the oviposition monitoring test compared to when they pre-fed on resistant clones. Nevertheless, the differences observed between resistant and susceptible clones were pronounced in all cases. The food conditioning effect means that small differences in resistance among clones may be undetected.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Björnström, Johan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Corporate strategies: for whom and for what?
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Performance Improvement in Construction Management (eds. Atkin and Borgbrant). ; , s. 102-114
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Björnström, Johan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Role of action research in dealing with a traditional process
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Performance Improvement in Construction Management. - 9781135998363 ; , s. 102-114
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Effective strategic management is becoming an increasingly important issue both for practitioners and management scholars. Not only is the process of formulating and implementing strategies given higher priority, but the role and meaning of strategies are also changing (Price, 2003). In the construction industry, however, relatively few companies seem, as yet, to have established a formal strategy process, even though there is considered to be greater awareness of the importance of effective strategic management to enhance performance and profitability (Junnonen, 1998). In the purportedly conservative construction industry, actors prefer adhering to the ‘business as usual’ mindset, which often results in a drift of strategic meanings and ultimate blurring of the organization’s strategic position (Johnson et al., 2005). Following a number of reports of companies’ failure to implement strategies (see, for example, Allio, 2005; Corboy and O’Corrbui, 1999; Kaplan and Norton, 2001), the attention of practitioners and researchers is now shifting from the formulation process to implementation dilemmas (Aaltonen and Ikavalko, 2002). The already growing body of research into strategy implementation seems to agree that one of the main reasons for failure is ineffective organizational communication caused by a lack of consideration of the social environment at the strategy execution level of the organization (Miniace and Falter, 1996). Yet, what is meant by the term ‘communication’ is not defined, and just a few studies have focused on the discursive and rhetorical aspects of strategy communication (Fairhurst et al., 1997; Johansson, 2003; Müllern and Stein, 1999). These studies typically describe managerial strategic communication as being transactional rather than interactional, monologic rather than dialogic and top-down rather than bottom-up. They also characterize strategic rhetoric at the top level of management as abstract rather than concrete, idealistic rather than realistic and distanced rather than proximal. To our knowledge, no such studies have been carried out in the construction industry. The overall purpose of this chapter is, therefore, to report preliminary results from a longitudinal case study of the strategy work carried out in a large Swedish construction company during a period of organizational change. Our concern here is the ways in which the new strategies are communicated down the chain of command in the company: from top management levels via middle management to project management. We focus on the face-to-face communications used by the different managerial levels to disseminate the corporate strategy and the implications this has on the ways in which the strategies are interpreted and understood. Of particular interest in these interactions are the underlying reasons for the different approaches toward strategy implementation. We hope to contribute some insights into the complexity of communicative processes and practices and argue that organizations need to view discursive processes and practices as an integral part of organizing.
|
|
| 38. |
- Brown, Mark A., et al.
(författare)
-
Detection of vitamin K-dependent proteins in venoms with a monoclonal antibody specific for gamma-carboxyglutamic acid.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Toxicon. - 0041-0101. ; 40:4, s. 447-453
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) is an unusual amino acid that is synthesized post-translationally from glutamate in a vitamin K-dependent reaction. The dicarboxylic side chain of Gla chelates Ca(2+), a property important for the biological activity of vitamin K-dependent proteins. To date, Gla-containing polypeptides have been identified in venom from two groups of organisms: elapid snakes, and snails of the genus Conus. In certain elapid snakes, a gamma-carboxylated coagulation factor Xa-like protein is a component of the venom whereas cone snails utilize Gla in a range of peptide neurotoxins. Using a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes Gla residues, venom samples from various organisms were screened by western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Amino acid analyses were also performed on most samples. A survey of 21 snake species from 12 genera detected gamma-carboxylated polypeptides only in venom of snakes from the elapid subfamily Acanthophiinae. Gla-containing polypeptides were also observed in cone snail venom but not in venom or toxic salivary secretions from several other organisms. The Gla-specific antibody used here provides a simple immunochemical means to detect gamma-carboxylated polypeptides in venom and may allow new species to be identified that utilize Gla in the biosynthesis of toxic polypeptides.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Bölenius, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Platsspecifik snabbestämning av skördebegränsande fysikaliska markegenskaper
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektets målsättning 1. Utveckla ett redskap som samtidigt gör NIR- och penetrationsmätningar on-line på olika djup i markprofilen, och att utvärdera dess potential att mäta textur, mullhalt, penetrationsmotstånd samt vattenhalt, vattenretention och ev. uttorkning 2. Relatera resultaten från snabbmätningarna och de traditionella mätningarna till variationsmönster i skörd 3. Utreda eventuella orsakssamband mellan: – mätta markegenskaper – rotdjup/vattenförhållanden – skördemönster. Allmänt kan sägas att sambanden mellan skörd och markfysikaliska parametrar var starkast vid låga skördenivåer, d.v.s. när de markfysikaliska parametrarna kan antas varit begränsande för skörden. Mätningarna visar att on-linemätning med en horisontell penetrometer är en intressant metod för att förklara skördevariationer på fältnivå, främst för att identifiera områden där markstrukturen kan vara skördebegränsande. Dock behöver detta studeras ytterligare.
|
|
| 41. |
- Bölenius, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Within field cereal yield variability as affected by soil physical properties and weather variations - A case study in east central Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Geoderma Regional. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-0094. ; 11, s. 96-103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yield variations within fields can be substantial and soil physical properties are important as explanatory factors. However, correlations between yield and soil physical properties change between years, mainly depending on weather conditions. This study examined yield variations within a field and the explanatory power of interactions with soil physical factors. It also examined whether soil penetration resistance measurements can indicate areas where soil physical properties are potentially yield-limiting. Field measurements and soil sampling were carried out at 20 locations spread across a 7.5 ha area on a Eutric Cambisol within a 28 ha field at Kvarnbo farm in Uppsala, Sweden (59 degrees 50'N, 17 degrees 32'E). Yield was monitored in 1996-2000 and 2004. Soil sampling was performed in spring 2004 for measurement of soil texture, organic matter content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density and water-holding capacity at two matric tensions, 0.5 kPa and 10 kPa. Penetration resistance was measured on three separate occasions in 2004 and 2005, to cover any changes within and between seasons. "Simple" regression and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to test for significant differences in the data. Texture proved to be the main factor explaining the overall variation between sampling points, but penetration resistance was the most influential factor for yield variations. Yield in 2000 differed from that in other years due to excess water in lower-lying parts of the field (r=-0.70 between yield in 2000 and water-holding capacity in the subsoil, compared with r=0.6 in dry years). Since penetration resistance was correlated to several other measured soil properties it could be suitable as a screening tool to identify areas with poorer soil physical status for further investigations. Soil physical properties and their effects on yield were highly dependent on the weather. In high-yielding years, when water was not the limiting factor, soil physical status mattered less.
|
|
| 42. |
- Börjesson, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Near-infrared spectroscopy for estimation of ergosterol content in barley : A comparison between reflectance and transmittance techniques
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Cereal Chemistry. - St. Paul, USA : AACC International. - 0009-0352 .- 1943-3638. ; 84:3, s. 231-236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fungal-specific lipid ergosterol correlates with fungal biomass and often also with the degree of mycotoxin contamination of cereals. We compared the ability of a near-infrared reflectance (NIR) instrument with a broad wavelength range (400-2500 nm) and a near-infrared transmittance (NIT) instrument with a narrower wavelength range (850-1050 nm) to predict the ergosterol content of naturally infected barley samples. The two instruments were equally good at predicting ergosterol content in Swedish samples (r(2) = 0.81 and 0.83 for NIT and NIR, respectively). The NIT instrument was then used for samples from three countries (Sweden, Ireland, UK). This model had about the same root mean-squared error (approximate to 5 mg of ergosterol/kg, db, of grain) as the dataset with only Swedish samples, although the r(2) value was lower (0.58). The investigation has shown that it is possible to predict ergosterol content in whole barley samples using NIR or NIT instrumentation, and acceptable models can be obtained using different barley cultivars and samples from different countries and harvest years. This should make it possible to routinely predict the fungal biomass at grain terminals.
|
|
| 43. |
- Cao, Yang, Associate Professor, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting Severe Complications after Bariatric Surgery
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 8:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Severe obesity is a global public health threat of growing proportions. Accurate models to predict severe postoperative complications could be of value in the preoperative assessment of potential candidates for bariatric surgery. So far, traditional statistical methods have failed to produce high accuracy. We aimed to find a useful machine learning (ML) algorithm to predict the risk for severe complication after bariatric surgery.Methods: We trained and compared 29 supervised ML algorithms using information from 37,811 patients that operated with a bariatric surgical procedure between 2010 and 2014 in Sweden. The algorithms were then tested on 6250 patients operated in 2015. We performed the synthetic minority oversampling technique tackling the issue that only 3% of patients experienced severe complications.Results: Most of the ML algorithms showed high accuracy (>90%) and specificity (>90%) in both the training and test data. However, none of the algorithms achieved an acceptable sensitivity in the test data. We also tried to tune the hyperparameters of the algorithms to maximize sensitivity, but did not yet identify one with a high enough sensitivity that can be used in clinical praxis in bariatric surgery. However, a minor, but perceptible, improvement in deep neural network (NN) ML was found.Conclusion: In predicting the severe postoperative complication among the bariatric surgery patients, ensemble algorithms outperform base algorithms. When compared to other ML algorithms, deep NN has the potential to improve the accuracy and it deserves further investigation. The oversampling technique should be considered in the context of imbalanced data where the number of the interested outcome is relatively small.
|
|
| 44. |
- Cao, Yang, Associate Professor, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Deep Learning Neural Networks to Predict Serious Complications After Bariatric Surgery : Analysis of Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry Data
- 2020
-
Ingår i: JMIR Medical Informatics. - : JMIR Publications. - 2291-9694. ; 8:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of today's most visible public health problems worldwide. Although modern bariatric surgery is ostensibly considered safe, serious complications and mortality still occur in some patients.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore whether serious postoperative complications of bariatric surgery recorded in a national quality registry can be predicted preoperatively using deep learning methods.METHODS: Patients who were registered in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg) between 2010 and 2015 were included in this study. The patients who underwent a bariatric procedure between 2010 and 2014 were used as training data, and those who underwent a bariatric procedure in 2015 were used as test data. Postoperative complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, and complications requiring intervention under general anesthesia or resulting in organ failure or death were considered serious. Three supervised deep learning neural networks were applied and compared in our study: multilayer perceptron (MLP), convolutional neural network (CNN), and recurrent neural network (RNN). The synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) was used to artificially augment the patients with serious complications. The performances of the neural networks were evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Matthews correlation coefficient, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.RESULTS: In total, 37,811 and 6250 patients were used as the training data and test data, with incidence rates of serious complication of 3.2% (1220/37,811) and 3.0% (188/6250), respectively. When trained using the SMOTE data, the MLP appeared to have a desirable performance, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI 0.83-0.85). However, its performance was low for the test data, with an AUC of 0.54 (95% CI 0.53-0.55). The performance of CNN was similar to that of MLP. It generated AUCs of 0.79 (95% CI 0.78-0.80) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.59-0.61) for the SMOTE data and test data, respectively. Compared with the MLP and CNN, the RNN showed worse performance, with AUCs of 0.65 (95% CI 0.64-0.66) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.53-0.57) for the SMOTE data and test data, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: MLP and CNN showed improved, but limited, ability for predicting the postoperative serious complications after bariatric surgery in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry data. However, the overfitting issue is still apparent and needs to be overcome by incorporating intra- and perioperative information.
|
|
| 45. |
- Cao, Yang, Associate Professor, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Using a Convolutional Neural Network to Predict Remission of Diabetes After Gastric Bypass Surgery : Machine Learning Study From the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Register
- 2021
-
Ingår i: JMIR Medical Informatics. - : JMIR Publications. - 2291-9694. ; 9:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Prediction of diabetes remission is an important topic in the evaluation of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) before bariatric surgery. Several high-quality predictive indices are available, but artificial intelligence algorithms offer the potential for higher predictive capability.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to construct and validate an artificial intelligence prediction model for diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.METHODS: Patients who underwent surgery from 2007 to 2017 were included in the study, with collection of individual data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg), the Swedish National Patients Register, the Swedish Prescribed Drugs Register, and Statistics Sweden. A 7-layer convolution neural network (CNN) model was developed using 80% (6446/8057) of patients randomly selected from SOReg and 20% (1611/8057) of patients for external testing. The predictive capability of the CNN model and currently used scores (DiaRem, Ad-DiaRem, DiaBetter, and individualized metabolic surgery) were compared.RESULTS: In total, 8057 patients with T2D were included in the study. At 2 years after surgery, 77.09% achieved pharmacological remission (n=6211), while 63.07% (4004/6348) achieved complete remission. The CNN model showed high accuracy for cessation of antidiabetic drugs and complete remission of T2D after gastric bypass surgery. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the CNN model for pharmacological remission was 0.85 (95% CI 0.83-0.86) during validation and 0.83 for the final test, which was 9%-12% better than the traditional predictive indices. The AUC for complete remission was 0.83 (95% CI 0.81-0.85) during validation and 0.82 for the final test, which was 9%-11% better than the traditional predictive indices.CONCLUSIONS: The CNN method had better predictive capability compared to traditional indices for diabetes remission. However, further validation is needed in other countries to evaluate its external generalizability.
|
|
| 46. |
- Dahl, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Multigene amplification and massively parallel sequencing for cancer mutation discovery
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 104:22, s. 9387-9392
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a procedure for massively parallel resequencing of multiple human genes by combining a highly multiplexed and target-specific amplification process with a high-throughput parallel sequencing technology. The amplification process is based on oligonucleotide constructs, called selectors, that guide the circularization of specific DNA target regions. Subsequently, the circularized target sequences are amplified in multiplex and analyzed by using a highly parallel sequencing-by-synthesis technology. As a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate parallel resequencing of 10 cancer genes covering 177 exons with average sequence coverage per sample of 93%. Seven cancer cell lines and one normal genomic DNA sample were studied with multiple mutations and polymorphisms identified among the 10 genes. Mutations and polymorphisms in the TP53 gene were confirmed by traditional sequencing.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Dahlin, Lars B., et al.
(författare)
-
Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injuries : Experimental Models for Repair and Reconstruction
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Animal Models of Neurotrauma. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 0893-2336 .- 1940-6045. - 9781493997114 - 9781493997091 ; 149, s. 169-186
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peripheral nerve injuries are difficult to treat, and the clinical outcome after surgical repair and reconstruction is still insufficient, particularly concerning recovery of sensory function. To improve the clinical treatment strategies, experimental models are used to systematically examine the mechanisms behind nerve regeneration and assess the improvement of nerve regeneration by introduction of new surgical nerve repair and reconstruction methods (e.g., novel devices made by bioartificial materials). Rat models, where the sciatic nerve has essentially a similar size as a human digital nerve, are widely used to evaluate nerve regeneration with the inherent advantages and disadvantages of the experimental models. Estimations revealing that a large number of diabetic patients will eventually suffer from peripheral nerve injury have motivated development of suitable experimental diabetes models for studying the nerve regeneration process and novel treatment approaches. We have successfully used the Goto-Kakizaki rat model, which shows moderately increased blood sugar closely resembling type 2 diabetes, for assessing the surgical peripheral nerve regeneration potential with and without artificial scaffolds. In order to improve outcome after repair and reconstruction of nerve injuries, one has to have a clear concept concerning how to evaluate novel repair and reconstruction techniques in experimental models before clinical studies can be initiated in an accurate way.
|
|
| 49. |
- Dalin, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Importance of temperature for the performance and biocontrol efficiency of the parasitoid Perilitus brevicollis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Salix
- 2012
-
Ingår i: BioControl. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-6141 .- 1573-8248. ; 57, s. 611-618
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the prospect of warmer temperatures as a consequence of ongoing climate change, it is important to investigate how such increases will affect parasitoids and their top-down suppression of herbivory in agroecosystems. Here we studied how the performance and biocontrol efficiency of the willow "bodyguard" Perilitus brevicollis Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were affected at different constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25A degrees C) when parasitizing a pest insect, the blue willow beetle (Phratora vulgatissima L., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Parasitism did not reduce herbivory at all at 10A degrees C, indicating poor biocontrol efficiency at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, however, parasitism reduced herbivory substantially, implying that biocontrol may be promoted by a warmer climate. Parasitoid performance (survival and development rate) generally increased with increasing temperature up to 20A degrees C. The only exception was body size, which followed the temperature-size rule and decreased with increasing temperature. Our results indicate that a warmer climate may enhance the biocontrol of the blue willow beetle in environments that currently are cooler than the parasitoid's optimal temperature for development.
|
|
| 50. |
- de La Cruz Arguello, Ivan M., et al.
(författare)
-
Evolutionary Ecology of Plant-Arthropod Interactions in Light of the “Omics” Sciences: A Broad Guide
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 13
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aboveground plant-arthropod interactions are typically complex, involving herbivores, predators, pollinators, and various other guilds that can strongly affect plant fitness, directly or indirectly, and individually, synergistically, or antagonistically. However, little is known about how ongoing natural selection by these interacting guilds shapes the evolution of plants, i.e., how they affect the differential survival and reproduction of genotypes due to differences in phenotypes in an environment. Recent technological advances, including next-generation sequencing, metabolomics, and gene-editing technologies along with traditional experimental approaches (e.g., quantitative genetics experiments), have enabled far more comprehensive exploration of the genes and traits involved in complex ecological interactions. Connecting different levels of biological organization (genes to communities) will enhance the understanding of evolutionary interactions in complex communities, but this requires a multidisciplinary approach. Here, we review traditional and modern methods and concepts, then highlight future avenues for studying the evolution of plant-arthropod interactions (e.g., plant-herbivore-pollinator interactions). Besides promoting a fundamental understanding of plant-associated arthropod communities’ genetic background and evolution, such knowledge can also help address many current global environmental challenges.
|
|
