| 1. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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A parametric study of the energy and moisture performance in Passive House exterior walls
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adding insulation to improve the energy performance of a building with a traditional Swedish wooden construction may increase the risk of mould growth in the wooden construction. There is a need to address this potential problem since the amount of passive houses and low energy buildings are increasing as a means to reduce energy use, energy dependency and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper evaluates energy performance and moisture performance simultaneously in order to create a more holistic approach. Space heating demand, peak load for space heating and risk for mould growth are evaluated. The analysis of these three different aspects shows that there is no contradiction between moisture safety design and energy efficient design. It may however not be suitable to increase the amounts of insulation in traditional wooden constructions without considering risk of mould growth.
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| 2. |
- Cornelissen, Johannes H C, et al.
(författare)
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Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 10:7, s. 619-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether climate change will turn cold biomes from large long-term carbon sinks into sources is hotly debated because of the great potential for ecosystem-mediated feedbacks to global climate. Critical are the direction, magnitude and generality of climate responses of plant litter decomposition. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of the major climate-change-related drivers of litter decomposition rates in cold northern biomes worldwide.Leaf litters collected from the predominant species in 33 global change manipulation experiments in circum-arctic-alpine ecosystems were incubated simultaneously in two contrasting arctic life zones. We demonstrate that longer-term, large-scale changes to leaf litter decomposition will be driven primarily by both direct warming effects and concomitant shifts in plant growth form composition, with a much smaller role for changes in litter quality within species. Specifically, the ongoing warming-induced expansion of shrubs with recalcitrant leaf litter across cold biomes would constitute a negative feedback to global warming. Depending on the strength of other (previously reported) positive feedbacks of shrub expansion on soil carbon turnover, this may partly counteract direct warming enhancement of litter decomposition.
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| 3. |
- Derwig, Mariette, et al.
(författare)
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eHealth usage among parents to premature or surgically treated neonates: associations with eHealth literacy, healthcare satisfaction or satisfaction with an eHealth device
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - 1471-2431. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundA specific eHealth device, a surf tablet, was developed for bridging between advanced in-hospital care and children’s homes. Since little is known about determinators for parental eHealth usage, the study’s aim was to explore if parents’ usage of the device was associated with their eHealth literacy, or their satisfaction with their child’s healthcare or with the specific surf tablet.MethodsIn this explorative usage and questionnaire study, parents to neonates who were discharged home after advanced in-hospital care were included. Their surf tablet usage at maximum 30 days after discharge was reported as frequency (%) of active days (usage days/days having the device) and median number of tablet activities (chat and photo) per usage day. eHealth literacy (eHealth Literacy Questionnaire; eHLQ), healthcare satisfaction (PedsQL Healthcare Satisfaction Generic Module), and satisfaction with the surf tablet were explored regarding tablet usage. Statistics were described in median (range) and (%) using non-parametric and regression models (p ResultsParents to 32 children (11 premature, 21 operated) were included. Active days with eHealth communication using the device was 39% (9.0/29.5), with 2.0 (1.0-4.2) usage occasions per active day. Activity on the tablet was higher among parents reporting to be very satisfied or satisfied with the device (n = 25) compared with neutral/dissatisfied parents (n = 7) (2.8 vs. 2.2 vs. 1.6 activities) (p = 0.030), while their frequency of active days did not differ (31.6% vs. 38.3% vs. 40%) (p = 0.963). A higher eHealth literacy was not associated with frequency of active days (0.926 (0.652–1.317); p = 0.659) or number of eHealth activities (0.973 (0.758–1.250); p = 0.825). Healthcare satisfaction was not associated with higher frequency of active days 0.996 (0.983–1.009; p = 0.519); neither was number of eHealth activities 1.001 (0.991–1.011; p = 0.883).ConclusionIn this study, eHealth usage was associated with parental satisfaction with the specific eHealth device, but not with eHealth literacy or healthcare satisfaction. To assure equal access to healthcare when using eHealth, the user-friendliness of the device seems to be crucial, and technical support needs to be in place.
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| 4. |
- Egecioglu, Emil, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothalamic gene expression following ghrelin therapy to gastrectomized rodents.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Regulatory peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-0115 .- 1873-1686. ; 146:1-3, s. 176-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether ghrelin depletion (by gastrectomy surgery) and/or treatment/replacement with the gastric hormone ghrelin alters the expression of key hypothalamic genes involved in energy balance, in a manner consistent with ghrelin's pro-obesity effects. At 2 weeks after surgery mice were treated with ghrelin (12 nmol/mouse/day, sc) or vehicle for 8 weeks. Gastrectomy had little effect on the expression of these genes, with the exception of NPY mRNA in the arcuate nucleus that was increased. Ghrelin treatment (to gastrectomized and sham mice) increased the mRNA expression of orexigenic peptides NPY and AgRP while decreasing mRNA expression of the anorexigenic peptide POMC. Two weeks gavage treatment with the ghrelin mimetic, MK-0677, to rats increased NPY and POMC mRNA in the arcuate nucleus and MCH mRNA in the lateral hypothalamus. Thus, while predicted pro-obesity ghrelin signalling pathways were activated by ghrelin and ghrelin mimetics, these were largely unaffected by gastrectomy.
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| 5. |
- Faxén, Karl-Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Multicore computing--the state of the art
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document presents the current state of the art in multicore computing, in hardware and software, as well as ongoing activities, especially in Sweden. To a large extent, it draws on the presentations given at the Multicore Days 2008 organized by SICS, Swedish Multicore Initiative and Ericsson Software Research but the published literature and the experience of the authors has been equally important sources. It is clear that multicore processors will be with us for the foreseeable future; there seems to be no alternative way to provide substantial increases of microprocessor performance in the coming years. While processors with a few (2–8) cores are common today, this number is projected to grow as we enter the era of manycore computing. The road ahead for multicore and manycore hardware seems relatively clear, although some issues like the organization of the on-chip memory hierarchy remain to be settled. Multicore software is however much less mature, with fundamental questions of programming models, languages, tools and methodologies still outstanding.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Jarnheimer, Per-åke, et al.
(författare)
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Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in a Hospital Sewage Line; Occurrence, Distribution and Impact on Bacterial Resistance
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 36:10, s. 752-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In hospital sewage lines, human faecal bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, posing a risk for selection of antibiotic resistant microorganisms. We constructed a system for continuous sampling in a hospital sewage line that allowed us to study longitudinal establishment of bacteria, concentrations of antibiotics, and selection of bacterial resistance in waste water, sediment and biofilm. The focus in this study was on fluoroquinolones, a widely used group of antibiotics with increasing resistance problems. We found low levels of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in waste water but high concentrations in sediment. Despite the high levels of fluoroquinolones bound to sediment, we did not find any development of resistance against fluoroquinolones in Enterobacteriacae spp. and faecal enterococci isolated from sediment.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of models for the steam supply system to improve control of the paper dryer
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings TAPPI 2003 Spring Technical Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of reducing the transient times at grade changes in paper production and machine start-ups on the paper machines has highlighted the need for increased knowledge of the steam supply system. Models in this area have been presented in previous work and it is of interest to compare these models with each other and evaluate them against experimental data. This paper reports on the results obtained from measurements on an industrial paper dryer. Step responses as well as the dynamic changes caused by new set points for the control system are examined. The two models are derived from different disciplines and comparison between these will be presented. The first model will provide estimations of the heat transfer coefficients in the condensate layer as well as the coefficient between the cylinder and the paper. This model is based on physical properties and first principles. The second model is a linear process model, written in the Laplace operator as a transfer function. This model is based on input-output data, a black box model, where the input and the output are the experimental data from the paper machine.
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| 11. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing Moisture Transients in the Paper-Machine Drying Section with the Mid-ranging Control Technique
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 20:2, s. 150-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new control strategy using feedback control has been developed for the multi-cylinder paper dryer configuration to reduce moisture transients in the drying section. The air system in the blow boxes was used to control the fast moisture transients in the paper machine. The new control system was combined with a previously developed physical model and was then compared with a conventional moisture control system. The comparison concerned the ability to restore the moisture ratio for two different dynamic changes, a moisture disturbance and a paper grade change. By combining the conventional steam control loop with an air loop, it was possible to significantly decrease the transient of the moisture disturbance.
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| 12. |
- Kristensson Hallström, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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eHealth as an Aid for Facilitating and Supporting Self-Management in Families with Long-Term Childhood Illness; Development, Evaluation, and Implementation in Clinical Practice
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Health Promotion - Research and Best Practice for patients, staff and community. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction eHealth, defined by WHO as: “the transfer of health resources and healthcare by electronic means” are expected to increase communication between healthcare providers and patients and increase accessibility and patient participation in healthcare. The aim of this research programme is to: 1) develop a sustainable multidisciplinary environment for advancing, evaluating, and implementing models of eHealth to promote self-management for children and their families, and 2) increase the present knowledge of clinical and economic cost-effectiveness of eHealth as an aid for supporting self-management in families with long-term childhood illness. Method The research is performed in Sweden, Denmark, and Ethiopia and organized in three research domains: eHealth to enable and promote self-management in advanced paediatric care, eHealth for early diagnosis and treatment in paediatric care, and Co-Creation of multidisciplinary knowledge for the translation of eHealth in practice. The research follows a framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions in healthcare. Through participatory design family members and care providers participate throughout the research process. Quantitative and qualitative data as well as health economics are collected in six clinical areas. Five general areas are run transversal. Results and conclusion Evidence-based best practices in developing and evaluating eHealth in paediatric healthcare will be suggested. As implementation is part of the programme, cost-effective eHealth directly benefiting families and healthcare services will be guaranteed.
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| 13. |
- Lindkvist, Rose Marie, et al.
(författare)
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“In a Way We Took the Hospital Home”—A Descriptive Mixed-Methods Study of Parents’ Usage and Experiences of eHealth for Self-Management after Hospital Discharge Due to Pediatric Surgery or Preterm Birth
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The costly and complex needs for children with long-term illness are challenging. Safe eHealth communication is warranted to facilitate health improvement and care services. This mixed-methods study aimed to describe parents’ usage and experiences of communicating with professionals during hospital-to-home-transition after their child’s preterm birth or surgery for col-orectal malformations, using an eHealth device, specifically designed for communication and support via nurses at the hospital. The eHealth devices included the possibility for daily reports, video calls, text messaging, and sending images. Interviews with 25 parents were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Usage data from eHealth devices were compiled from database entries and analyzed statistically. Parents using the eHealth device expressed reduced worry and stress during the initial period at home through effective and safe communication. Benefits described included keeping track of their child’s progress and having easy access to support whenever needed. This was corroborated by usage data indicating that contact was made throughout the day, and more among families living far away from hospital. The eHealth device potentially replaced phone calls and prevented unnecessary visits. The eHealth technique can aid safe self-treatment within child-and family-centered care in neonatal and pediatric surgery treatment. Future research may consider organization perspectives and health economics.
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| 14. |
- Lundgren, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Ischemia mobilizes histamine but not pancreastatin from ECL cells of rat stomach: evidence for a cytosolic histamine compartment.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0878 .- 0302-766X. ; 333, s. 405-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Histamine in the rat stomach resides in enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells and mast cells. The ECL cells are peptide-hormone-producing endocrine cells known to release histamine and chromogranin-A-derived peptides (such as pancreastatin) in response to gastrin. Ischemia (induced by clamping of the celiac artery or by gastric submucosal microinfusion of the vasoconstrictor endothelin) mobilizes large amounts of ECL-cell histamine in a burst-like manner. This report examines the ECL-cell response to ischemia and compares it with that induced by gastrin in rats. Arterial clamping (30 min) and gastric submucosal microinfusion (3 h) of endothelin, vasopressin, or adrenaline caused ischemia, manifested as a raised lactate/pyruvate ratio and mucosal damage. Whereas microinfusion of gastrin released both histamine and pancreastatin, ischemia mobilized histamine only. The mucosal concentrations of histamine and pancreastatin, the number and immunostaining intensity of the ECL cells, and the ultrastructure of the ECL cells were unchanged following ischemia. The long-term effects of ischemia and reperfusion (60-90 min) on gastric mucosa were examined in rats treated with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole for 4 days. The activity of the ECL cells was suppressed (reflected in low histamine-forming capacity) but returned to normal within 1 week, illustrating the ability of the ECL cells to recover. We suggest that ischemia mobilizes cytosolic ECL-cell histamine without affecting the storage of histamine (and pancreastatin) in the secretory organelles and without causing lasting ECL-cell impairment.
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| 15. |
- Ottoson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study of antimicrobial resistant faecal bacteria in sediments collected from a hospital wastewater system
- 2012
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 2, s. 7438-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:The objective with this study was to determine and follow antimicrobial resistance in faecal bacteria over time in hospital wastewater pipe sediment. A further aim was to determine bacterial growth rates of sensitive, intermediate and resistant intestinal enterococci in different ciprofloxacin concentrations as a measure of bacterial fitness.Methods:A system enabling the collection of settled particles over time was installed at Kalmar County Hospital. Samples were collected bi-monthly for a 14-month period. Coliform bacteria and enterococci were isolated from the sediment with standard methods and investigated for resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP), imipenem (IMI), trimetroprim-sulfamethoxazole (TS), ampicillin (AMP) and vancomycin (VAN) by the disc diffusion method. Resistant isolates were further typed with the PhenePlateTM system. Growth assessments were performed with an automated spectrophotometer.Results:The rate of intestinal enterococci resistance was < 0.6, 1.3, 1.9 and 13% to VAN, IMI, AMP and CIP respectively. Coliform resistance frequencies were 1.1, 2.2 and 2.2% to CIP, IMI and TS respectively. At two sampling occasions, significantly higher rates of ciprofloxacin resistant enterococci were found and the establishment of a resistant clone in the sewer was indicated by the PhP-analysis. Ciprofloxacin resistant intestinal enterococci had a significantly longer lag-phase time than sensitive isolates, but from 500 µg ml-1 (half MIC) resistant isolates had a competitive advantage in terms of significantly faster generation time.Discussion:Despite high concentration of antimicrobials in the sediment, resistance frequencies were generally low. This can depend on limited growth possibilities for faecal bacteria. However, the establishment of a resistant clone shows that hospital sewers can serve as a reservoir for antibiotic resistant bacteria.
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| 16. |
- Pakarinen, Mikko P, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of biliary atresia in the Nordic countries - a multicenter study of 158 patients during 2005-2016
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3468 .- 1531-5037. ; 53:8, s. 1509-1515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/purpose: Biliary atresia is the most common reason for newborn cholestasis and pediatric liver transplantation. Even after normalization of serum bilirubin after portoenterostomy, most patients require liver transplantation by adulthood due to expanding fibrosis. We addressed contemporary outcomes of biliary atresia in the Nordic countries. Methods: Data on center and patients characteristics, diagnostic practices, surgical treatment, adjuvant medical therapy after portoenterostomy, follow-up and outcomes were collected from all the Nordic centers involved with biliary atresia care during 2005-2016. Results: Of the 154 patients, 148 underwent portoenterostomy mostly by assigned surgical teams at median age of 64 (interquartile range 37-79) days, and 95 patients (64%) normalized their serum bilirubin concentration while living with native liver. Postoperative adjuvant medical therapy, including steroids, ursodeoxycholic acid and antibiotics was given to 137 (93%) patients. Clearance of jaundice associated with young age at surgery and favorable anatomic type of biliary atresia, whereas annual center caseload >. 3 patients and diagnostic protocol without routine liver biopsy predicted early performance of portoenterostomy. The cumulative 5-year native liver and overall survival estimate was 53% (95% CI 45-62) and 88% (95% CI 83-94), respectively. Portoenterostomy age <. 65. days and annual center caseload >. 3 patients were predictive for long-term native liver survival, while normalization of serum bilirubin after portoenterostomy was the major predictor of both native liver and overall 5-year survival. Conclusions: The outcomes of biliary atresia in the Nordic countries compared well with previous European studies. Further improvement should be pursued by active measures to reduce patient age at portoenterostomy. Retrospective prognosis study: Level II.
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| 17. |
- Salomé, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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Gastrectomy alters emotional reactivity in rats: neurobiological mechanisms.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The European journal of neuroscience. - : Wiley. - 1460-9568 .- 0953-816X. ; 33:9, s. 1685-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gastrectomy (Gsx) is associated with altered emotional function and a predisposition to depression/anxiety disorders. Here we investigated the effects of Gsx on emotional reactivity in rats and explored the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Gsx- and sham-operated rats were exposed to behavioural tests that explore anxiety- and depression-like behaviour (open field, black and white box, elevated plus maze, social interaction, forced swim) as well as memory (object recognition). The potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying these differences were explored by measuring (i) turnover of candidate neurotransmitter systems in the nucleus accumbens, (ii) hippocampal neurogenesis by BrdU labelling or by analysis of candidate genes involved in neuronal growth and (iii) changes in mRNA expression of candidate genes in dissected hippocampal and amygdala tissue. Data from individual behavioural tests as well as from multivariate analysis revealed differing emotional reactivity between Gsx- and sham-operated rats. Gsx rats showed reduced emotional reactivity in a new environment and decreased depression-like behaviour. Accumbal serotonin and dopamine turnover were both reduced in Gsx rats. Gsx also led to a memory deficit, although hippocampal neurogenesis was unaffected. Of the many candidate genes studied by real-time RT-PCR, we highlight a Gsx-associated decrease in expression of Egr-1, a transcription factor linked to neural plasticity and cognition, in the hippocampus and amygdala. Thus, Gsx induces an alteration of emotional reactivity and a memory/cognitive deficit that is associated with reduced turnover of serotonin and dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and decreased expression of Egr-1 in the hippocampus and amygdala.
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| 18. |
- Stenström, Lovisa
(författare)
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The spatiotemporal protein landscape of human cells
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the spatiotemporal mapping of proteins at a subcellular level. In other words, determining the cellular location of proteins over time. From a biological point of view, knowledge about protein location is fundamental to understand protein function. In the longer run, this also means better understanding of cells in the context of health and disease, since protein malfunction and mislocalization are two important factors during disease development. Using an antibody-based imaging approach, Paper I contains a subcellular map of 12 003 protein in 30 different cellular structures, freely accessible as part of the Human Protein Atlas (www.proteinatlas.org). Apart from enabling exploration of the organellar proteomes, we conclude that half of the human proteins localize to multiple compartments, and that almost one fifth display cell-to-cell variations in terms of protein expression. Paper II aimed to decrease the cumbersome work of manual protein location annotations by leveraging the power of the crowd through citizen science. By integrating the image-classification task into a video game with a massive player base, EVE online, protein location labels could be efficiently and rapidly assessed compared to manual curation from a few experts. To compare the performance of the players, a deep learning classifier was developed. The algorithm was capable of classifying protein location in images containing several challenging localization problems, such as multilocalizing proteins, cell line variations and rare classes. Using the protein location data from Paper I and Paper II, Paper III presents an image-based characterization of the nucleolar proteome. In total, 1 318 nucleolar proteins are included, of which 157 localizes to a fourth nucleolar compartment, the nucleolar rim. Additionally, 65 proteins were detected on the chromosomal periphery during mitosis, and these could be further divided into two recruitment phenotypes with different temporal profiles. Also, the mitotic chromosome proteins are enriched for intrinsically disordered domains, suggesting liquid-like properties of the perichromosomal layer. Paper IV presents a systematic dissection of the variable proteome drafted in Paper I. We show evidence for 539 proteins being correlated to cell cycle variations, of which a minority are also cycling at a transcriptional level, suggesting protein regulation at a translational or post-translational level. Additionally, we detected hundreds of proteins with previously unknown relations to mitosis and the cell cycle, many being linked to proliferation and oncogenic functions.In conclusion, Paper I and Paper II provide a basis for further in-depth studies of proteins at a subcellular level, while Paper III and Paper IV show how this resource can be used to study proteins in space and time. The results enable system-level investigation of protein dynamics, as well as provide exciting insights into organellar organization, such as the nucleolus.
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| 19. |
- Stenström, Stig, et al.
(författare)
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Productivity increase from a better understanding of dynamic processes and control of the paper dryer
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings / 7th International Conference on New Available Technologies (SPCI-meddelande ; 75). - 0280-6800. ; , s. 70-73
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of simulation models describing the process dynamics and tuning of the control systems for the multi-cylinder dryer section is presented. This includes models and controls of the condensate system, the sheet moisture content at the reel as well as moisture gradients in the thickness direction of the sheet.
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