| 1. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Quick clay - A case study of chemical perspective in Southwest Sweden
- 2005
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Ingår i: Engineering Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-7952. ; 82:2, s. 107-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quick clay, a soil that changes from normal firm ground to a liquid mass when it is disturbed, has been involved in most of the large and serious clay slides in Sweden, Norway and Canada. The location, time of occurrence and size of quick clay slides are difficult to predict and large slides may cause great devastation. Some geochemical studies of Swedish quick clay were done in the 1960s and early 1970s, but no systematic studies of the interrelationships of pore water chemistry, mineralogy, geotechnical properties and other parameters on quick clays in Sweden have been published. Such studies are of national and general interest because of the many combinations of rock flour source areas and sedimentation conditions that occurred across central Sweden and into the Baltic Sea area during deglaciation. In this study, geotechnical properties related to the in situ chemistry at one quick clay site were extensively studied, and spot sampling was conducted at two other locations in Southwest Sweden. In this area the clay minerals mainly are non-expanding phyllosilicate minerals (illite) and primary minerals (quartz, feldspar), which is consistent with previous studies of quick clay mineralogy. Extensive leaching has occurred at all three locations. At the extensively studied site, Surte, the lowest salinity was found at the greatest depth, inferring that the leaching by fresh water was accomplished by water movement upward and laterally through the sediment from the underlying bedrock. This is consistent with the local setting where bedrock hills rise sharply to over 100 in above the marine sediment surface. An artesian pressure would also be anticipated at this location. There is a correlation (negative) between sensitivity and salinity but there is an indication that the maximum salinity or electrical conductivity consistent with the quick clay behaviour is higher than reported elsewhere. However, for high sensitivities the salinity is about the same as reported elsewhere. In the deepest part of the borehole, there is a higher content of Fe and Al in the pore water, indicating reduced state. Further work is needed to confirm the difference in salinity and to investigate the possible interplay of salinity and potential dispersing agents such as the role of anoxic conditions, in this region. Further work is especially needed in the locations where the sediment accumulation occurred under lower salinity conditions. At all three locations, high remoulded shear strength and low sensitivity have been seen near the surface together with a decrease in pore water cation concentrations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bornmalm, Lennart, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Geopark comparisons and functional modeling
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - 9786197603361
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- UNESCO’s Global Geopark Network reflects the importance of geo-heritage for society. The wide range of characteristics and the varied connections to the local ecology and culture are significant for their individual management. The aim of this article is to use comparisons between Geoparks as a step toward a generic, conceptual model that can be adapted and used to understand the crucial, functional relationships between system variables and how these variables can be optimized for stainable management. A general comparison of European Geoparks is combined with specific examples from England, Russia and Sweden. Geoparks combine geological, cultural and ecological heritage goals in varying degrees, but usually most balanced in the larger Geoparks with a pronounced landscape perspective, where the physical and biological resources have impacted cultural and ecological developments most clearly. “Functional Facies” are defined here by the functional associations between system components in the landscape. Modeling with different levels of detail can help deal with the relationship complexities, both for understanding the system and for predictive modeling for management decision support. System modeling of “Landscape Geoparks” can offer management support beyond preservation and educational measures that are most commonly in focus. Regional and global issues also need the holistic approach based on the physical and biological resources in the landscape that Geoparks can help provide.
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| 4. |
- Bornmalm, Lennart, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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The geopark concept and landscape sustainability, case study in Bohuslan, Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - : STEF92 Technology. - 9786197603200
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Geopark is a demarcated area with particularly interesting geologic heritage. Since the physical landscape is intimately related to both cultural and ecological characteristics, knowledge about geological sites can be essential for management of the resources in these settings. In this context, we suggest the term “Landscape Geopark” in order to stress the regional system perspective. Therefore, various stakeholders need to be included in Geopark planning, including researchers, tourists, seasonal and permanent residents, government offices, NGOs, and local industry. The archipelago and coastal landscape in Bohuslan, along the Swedish west coast, have uniquely influenced historical development of and changes in fishing, farming, and tourism. Stakeholder influence is centrally important for the sustainable, landscape-scale management of both economy and geoheritage. We use conceptual modelling of “system” components and processes to include the qualitative and quantitative information from relevant research and local stakeholders. In particular, the model aims to address the likely consequences in 20 years if a Geopark is or is not established. Although geoheritage is always site specific, Geopark models will allow comparisons between sites and information exchange, for instance in the ongoing PLATFORM project.
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| 5. |
- Cato, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Gerard De Geer - a pioneer in Quaternary geology in Scandinavia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Baltica. - : Association of Lithuanian Serials (Publications). - 0067-3064. ; 25:1, s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents a pioneer in Quaternary geology, both internationally and in Scandinavia - the Swedish geologist and professor Gerard De Geer (1858-1943). This is done, first by highlighting one of his most important contributions to science - the varve chronology - a method he used to describe the Weichselian land ice recession over Scandinavia, and secondly by the re publication of a summary article on Gerard De Geer's early scientific achievement in 1881-1906 related to the Baltic Sea geology, written by his wife, Ebba Hult De Geer.
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| 6. |
- Frogner-Kockum, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Metal contaminant fluxes across the sediment water interface
- 2016
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 111:1-2, s. 321-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To date,most estimates of contaminant fluxes across the sediment/water interface in risk assessments have been done using diffusive flux models. However, the reliability of these is limited as the overall flux from the sediment may have contributions caused by advection and bioturbation. We found through a comparison of modelled fluxes versus measured fluxes, that the methods Benthic Flux Chamber and surface leaching tests in a risk assessment context showed similar magnitude while calculated fluxes deviated at least by a factor of 100 from measured fluxes. This may be explained by the flux contribution in connection with bioturbation. The chambermeasured fluxes of copper were low compared to those of zinc and cobalt, but this is consistent with leaching tests that indicated copper to be more strongly bound. Risk assessments based on total concentrations may be misleading.
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| 7. |
- Göransson, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of climate change and natural hazard on the quality of surface waters
- 2012
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Ingår i: 4th Join Nordic Meeting on Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Sept. 18-21, Oslo.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change increased rainfall and increased risk of rising groundwater levels in urban areas and its impact on the pollution of urban water has received little attention until now. As well has the impact from natural hazards on the distribution and spreading of pollutant received little attention. This short paper for the NORDROCS 2012 conference summarises the result from two projects that aims to highlight these issues.
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| 8. |
- Hernández Gomis, Rebeca, et al.
(författare)
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Qanat groundwater infrastructures and sustainability in arid regions
- 2018
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Ingår i: 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference SGEM 2018. - Sofia, Bulgaria : STEF92 Technology Ltd.. - 1314-2704. - 9786197408720
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Qanats (or karez) are ancient, sub-horizontal, underground water tunnels that have served over centuries as main water-supply systems in arid and semi-arid regions, in particular in the Middle East and North Africa. As part of a knowledge exchange program and with the participation of young Afghan refugees, analyses of Google Earth satellite imagery in three study areas in southeaster Afghanistan allowed the location of hundreds of qanats. The main aim of this study was to test the use of alluvial-fan qanats to derive groundwater elevations based on the depth of the Mother Well (located highest on the fan slope).
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| 9. |
- Ivanov, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-criteria evaluation of the Volga energy cascade
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - 9786197603248
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Volga River is essentially a cascade of reservoirs that provide hydroelectric energy. This technical solution made it possible to produce electricity for industrialization, to ensure the passage of river-sea vessels between five seas and to stop floods on the Volga River. Although often considered a green energy source, there are environmental and economic considerations that should be accounted for in a holistic and sustainable perspective, i.e. a life cycle of ca. 50 years, areal inundation by reservoir water, accumulation of toxic substances in bottom sediments, restricted riparian variability and habitats diversity along the river, algal blooming in reservoir lakes and in the northern part of the Caspian Sea, water stratification and poor oxygenation. The water quality and fish stocks of the Volga have been drastically degraded. To improve environmental conditions and support low carbon economy, we suggest transforming the existing system of hydroelectric power plants and reservoirs into a system of integrated energy complexes including pumped storage facilities, solar photovoltaic plants and existing dams. We have conducted a conceptual model analysis of the Volga River energy cascade with alternative energy production, such as smaller pump-and-store reservoirs and floating solar cells. Variables included in the model are population, integrated basin governance, water quality, water stored, agriculture and industry, economy and environmental governance. The integration of power generation plants would allow a gradual decrease in the reservoir water levels and increase current velocities, helping to decrease algal blooms the multi-criteria evaluation indicated an important role of integrated basin governance and basin environmental management.
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| 10. |
- Johnston, Marston, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic approach to analyzing environmental issues involving complex systems (a web-based course)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecocycles. - 2416-2140. ; 1:2, s. 46-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The course “Conceptual Modeling for Decision Support” (Univ. Gothenburg, Sweden) is a web-based course, given the first time in October 2015. This introduction and other supporting documents on the website intend to provide a background for independent work with the five tutorials that comprise the core of this course. The openly accessible website will allow study at any time, but can ideally be combined with the blended-learning course in “Environmental Geology” or with project work at various institutes in the relevant cooperation networks. The introduction below develops both the philosophical and the practical framework for modeling environmental systems. Differences in scale, time and the complexity are necessary to consider when evaluating the parameters within the system, but modeling is also an attempt to simplify in order to understand the net effects of the combined components. Multi-criteria evaluation allows predictive modelling by combining the typically qualitative and quantitative information from multidisciplinary sources. The course structure and tutorials are briefly presented.]
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| 11. |
- Kairytè, Milda, et al.
(författare)
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Composite methodology for interpreting sediment transport pathways from spatial trends in grain size: A case study of the Lithuanian coast
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sedimentology. - : Wiley. - 0037-0746. ; 62:3, s. 681-696
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve a more robust interpretation of sediment conditions and transport based on grain size, this study combines the perspectives of two different interpretation techniques that have been developed separately and applied in the literature: (i) 'grain size trend analysis' interprets changes between interrelated sampling sites assuming that sediment in the direction of transport should become either coarser, better sorted and more positively skewed, or finer, better sorted and more negatively skewed; and (ii) the 'population anomalies' method, which estimates the balance between erosion and accumulation processes at each sampling site based on individual site deviations compared with average values for grain-size parameters in the area of interest. The simultaneous use of both approaches enables sedimentological conditions and transport alternatives to be distinguished. This improvement is necessary because site-specific changes and general textural trends provide information that complements the strengths and weaknesses of each perspective. The methods are implemented here using two-dimensional Geographic Information System tools and illustrated for the Lithuanian coast. Grain-size characteristics of 712 surface samples of sandy sediments are used to interpret sediment transport pathways and predominant sedimentological conditions in the Lithuanian coastal zone. In general, coast-parallel sediment transport dominates the entire investigation area, although wave-induced movement perpendicular to the coastline is inferred in the shallow near-shore zone. The deepest areas offshore are characterized by sea floor erosion in the north, whereas an accumulation zone occurs in the relatively deep central part of the study area.
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| 12. |
- Kairytè, Milda, et al.
(författare)
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Provenance of silt and clay within sandy deposits of the Lithuanian coastal zone (Baltic Sea)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Marine Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-3227. ; 218:1-4, s. 97-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mineralogical analysis of the silt and clay fraction of sandy deposits of 37 surface samples and grain-size data are used to interpret sediment sources acting in the SE Baltic Sea along the Lithuanian coast. Mineralogical composition was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Grain-size distribution was obtained by standard dry sieving and pipette techniques. For identification of sources we combined known compositional information of possible sources with logical models for mineral combinations related to regional geological provinces and processes, supported by results of correlation and factor (principal component) analyses between minerals, grain-size parameters and bathymetric features of the area. The main sources supplying sediment into the area are: 1) the Sambian Peninsula to the south, 2) the Nemunas River, whose discharge passes through the Curonian Lagoon, and 3) Late Pleistocene till erosion on the sea floor in the north and at the Olando Kepure shore cliffs. The general pattern of spatial distribution related to the identified sources for the fine-grained sediment fraction is interpreted as a shore-parallel transport of suspended matter, flowing northwards in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Kairytè, Milda, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative provenance of silt and clay within sandy deposits of the Lithuanian coastal zone (Baltic Sea)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Marine Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-3227. ; 257:1-4, s. 87-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A quantitative provenance approach is developed and in this study applied for the silt and clay fractions of sandy deposits along the Sea coast. Mineralogical composition of 37 surface samples was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Grain-size distributions were obtained by standard dry sieving and pipette techniques. The characterization of mineralogical provenance is based upon known compositional information of possible sources, logical models for mineral combinations related to regional geological provinces and processes, and geographical features of the documented mineral distribution in the area of investigation. These interpretations are further supported by results of correlation and principal component analyses of mineral varieties, grain-size parameters and bathymetric features of the area. Partitioning of source contributions specific for each site of deposition is derived by solving simultaneous equations. Then, the quantified mineral composition at the initial source is reconstructed in the SE Baltic Sea along the Lithuanian coast, which serves as a test bed for the new method to quantify sediment sources The main sources supplying sediment to the area are: 1) Sambian Peninsula to the south (erosion of Pleistocene till and “Blue Earth” Paleogene sediments), supplying 33% of fine-grained sediment on average, 2) Nemunas River, the discharge of which passes through Curonian Lagoon and supplies an average 17% of the coastal fine sediments, and 3) Pleistocene till, eroded on the sea floor in the north and at the Olando Kepurė shore cliff and contributing an average of 50% of the sediment. This mathematically fairly simple site-to-site quantification approach applied here on the environmentally important fine-fraction could also be used with any other parameters characterizing identified sources. Our study is focused upon the stable, mineralogical components of the “sediment archive”, which offer a time-integrated, net-effect reflection of the combined processes of an entire environmental system, and recorded for each individual site of accumulation.
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| 14. |
- Larsson, Olof, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Seismic stratigraphy of Late Quaternary deposits in the eastern Skagerrak
- 2008
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Ingår i: Marine and Petroleum Geology. - 0264-8172. ; 25:10, s. 1023-1039
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High resolution seismic profiles from the Swedish west coast have been used in this study. The Quaternary deposits have been divided into six seismic sequences, containing together thirteen different seismic facies. Documentation of these sequences and facies, their stratigraphic and geographic variability is the first step in a basin-fill analysis aiming at interpreting the depositional environments and the major controlling processes. The deposits are interpreted to consist of one deglaciation cycle. The sequences are; I) bedrock, II) coarse glacial deposits, III) Weichselian glaciomarine ice-proximal deposits, IV) Weichselian glaciomarine ice-distal deposits, V) channel fill deposits, VI) Holocene marine deposits. The major part of the sediment package is the Weichselian glaciomarine ice-proximal deposits, deposited during the ice recession period, close to or adjacent to the retreating ice. Typical for these deposits are conformably, well stratified deposits with high amplitude. The second large part is the Holocene marine deposits, these are mainly found in the southern part. They have typically a near transparent seismic configuration with only weak parallel stratification. These two major sequences are separated by a regional unconformity, creating a hiatus of at least 6000 year.
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| 15. |
- Larsson, Olof, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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The transition from glacimarine to marine conditions during the last deglacieation in the eastern Skagerrak
- 2007
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Ingår i: Marine Geology. - 0025-3227. ; 241, s. 45-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paleoceanographic and paleoenvironmental evolution is described in the eastern Skagerrak. Separable stratigraphic units in seismic profiles and twelve piston cores document a changing balance between erosion and accumulation since the latest deglaciation. sediment supply and water depth but also whether the water mass is stratified or not are the important parameters in the processes controlling the depositional environment. The cores can be divided into two main units: a lower, well consolidated and clay-rich glacimarine mud with low organic content, and a silty, sandy, marine mud with relatively high organic content. The boundary between these two main units consists of an erosional surface, overlain by a coarse-grained lag. The deposition of the lower glacimarine mud started directly after deglaciation, at about 18.0 kyr BP. A major change in the sedimentation conditions at about 9.0 kyr BP led to a change from depositional to erosional conditions. The erosion has presumably removed a great part of the earlier deposits, creating the erosional surface which is present in the entire study area. Several dated samples above and below the erosional surface indicate a hiatus of about 10 kyr. In the south, the conditions changed again at about 5.0 cal kyr BP, allowing accumulation of the marine mud, while in the northern part erosive conditions continue to prevail. In the northern part, the marine mud is only deposited in limited areas, preferably sheltered areas along the coast.
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| 16. |
- Lavers Westin, Alexandra, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Regional Relative Risk Ranking of Diffuse Pollution Sources in an Urban Environment, Gothenburg (Sweden)
- 2012
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Ingår i: 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM, Albena, Bulgaria. - : Stef92 Technology. - 1314-2704.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex urban environments are not easily described in terms of ecological risks. Relative regional risk ranking (developed by W.G. Landis) summarizes the impact of multiple parameters within a region considering their source and distribution. As part of the EU Interreg project (DiPol; homepage http://www.tu-harburg.de/iue/dipol.html), the regional relative risk ranking analysis in Gothenburg evaluates several diffuse pollution sources including agriculture, industry, forestry, recreation, surface water runoff, waste water treatment plants, and maritime shipping in the area in regards to geographical distribution and perceived risk and impact. The model combines sources, stressors, habitats, and indicators and allows the user to rank the relationships between these. The model output can help determine the highest at-risk regions within an area as well as the significant sources of diffuse pollution in order to prioritize remediation or mitigation measures. Our analysis focuses on the rivers and streams in Gothenburg, specifically looking at the Göta älv River, and the tributary streams Säve ån, Mölndals ån, Kvillebäcken, as well as the estuary at the mouth of Göta älv River. The highest risk to the indicators (bathing water quality, environmental water quality, and sediment quality) is suggested to be largely dependent on which region one looked at, but the highest relative risk is associated with surface water runoff, industry, and agriculture. However, the estuary is more highly affected by discharges from the city waste water treatment plant. As a decision-making tool, these results need to be evaluated with cost benefit and stakeholder concerns. In this project, a system analysis (“Sensitivity model”) was carried out to make these connections and to highlight the possible mitigation alternatives. In addition, GIS models for contaminant fluxes and site-specific loading along the urban waterways are used to complement the conclusions from relative risk ranking to balance, for instance, the use of local infiltration, treatment and direct discharge of surface runoff, one of the main sources of diffuse pollution. These models and quantitative assessments illustrate an integration of scientific and end-user perspectives, especially important for complex urban systems.
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| 17. |
- Maurebrecher, P. M., et al.
(författare)
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'Geophysiotechnics' in the harbour of Gothenburg: a most beautiful geophysical profile
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ingeokring Newsletter (Royal Geological and Mining Society of the The Netherlands). - 1384-1351. ; 2009, s. 41-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A high-resolution seismic profile was obtained using a Chirp sub-bottom profiler. Following deglaciation, rapid sedimenetation of glaciomarine sediments is interpreted to alternative with periods of erosion during times of low-sea level and changed coastal current patterns. A paleo-landslide is recoreded along one such channel. During the Holocene, more horizontal layering developed and sedimentation decreased markedly.
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| 18. |
- Mil-homens, Mario, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing spatial and temporal changes in metal trends (Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) on the Portuguese shelf since the 1970s
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6369 .- 1573-2959. ; 186:10, s. 6327-6340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparison between an archive dataset, collected during the 1970s (1974–1977), and samples taken during the PALEO1 cruise (2002) enabled evaluation of large-scale and long-term spatiotemporal changes in major (Al) and metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) in bulk surface sediments (<2 mm fractions) in four areas of the Portuguese continental shelf, using the so-called Gradient Method and normalising to Al, a proxy for terrigenous clay content. From north to south, these were situated in the north-western (offshore the Ave and Douro rivers), central (offshore the Lis River) and south-western (offshore the Mira River) shelf sectors, all sampled in both the 1970s and in 2002, and the southern (offshore Algarve) sector, sampled only in the 1970s. One-way Anova ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to identify differences among study areas and periods of sample collection. Despite a A comparison of metal contents in 2002 samples with the Portuguese classification scheme used to regulate dredged materials (CSURDredMat) deposition in coastal areas (CSURDredMat) sediment environmental, indicatesing good environmental quality in terms of Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn levels., Nevertheless, the GM results suggest an increase in metal loadings relative to Al in the 2002 samples (except for Pb) since the 1970s. The Algarve area on the southern shelf is characterized by having high number of sites with metals level corresponded to class 2, explained justified by the occurrence of a substantial natural metal enrichment resulting supply from drainage by the Guadiana, Tinto and Odiel rivers (Spanish rivers) in the drainage areas of the Iberian Pyrite Belt formations. This supply has, probably been magnified by present and past mining activities. For quality evaluation of marine sediments, especially when using total metal contents, this study shows the importance of considering all the sources of metal loading. and tThe natural grain-size and composition variability since these features are also crucially influential on the metal contents and the combined evaluation allows a more holistic perspective.
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| 19. |
- Mil-homens, Mario, et al.
(författare)
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Heavy metal assessment for surface sediments from three areas of the Portuguese continental shelf
- 2006
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Ingår i: Continental Shelf Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-4343. ; 26:10, s. 1184-1205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-nine surface samples from the Portuguese shelf, recovered offshore from the mouths of the Ave, Douro, Lis and Mira rivers, were analysed using ICP-OES for selected major and trace elements, after total dissolution. Organic carbon, carbonate content and grain size were also determined. Five evaluation tools have been applied in order to compare the three study areas and to evaluate sediment geochemistry and other sediment compositional variability in the acquired samples: (1) empirical methods based on comparison with standard reference criteria, e.g. the NOAA sediment quality guidelines, (2) normalisation ratios using a grain-size proxy element, (3) "Gradient Method", plotting contaminant vs. organic matter or Al, (4) definition of a regional geochemical baseline from a compiled database, and (5) enrichment factors. The evaluation of element and component associations indicates differences related both to the onshore drainage areas and to the environmental shelf setting. Despite the considerable variability in total metal contents indicated by our results, the sediment metal composition is largely of natural origin. Metal enrichments observed in the Mira area are associated with the drainage of mineralised areas rich in Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe and Mn. The near absence of human impact on shelf sediments, despite the vicinity to urban areas with high industrialisation levels, such as the Ave-Douro and Lis areas, is attributed to effective trapping in the estuaries and coastal zones, as well dilution with less contaminated sediments shelf sediments and removal with fine fractions due to grain-size sorting. The character of the contaminated sediments transported to these shelf areas is further influenced by grain-size sorting as well as by dilution with less contaminated marine sediments. The results obtained individually by the different methods complement each other and allow more specific interpretations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Mil-homens, Mario, et al.
(författare)
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Historical trends in Hg, Pb and Zn sedimentation in the central shelf area of Portugal
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Iberian Geology. - 1698-6180. ; 34:2, s. 287-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temporal records of excess 210Pb, and the determination of major (Al and Ca) and trace elements (Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu and Hg) in two sediment box-cores collected in the central area of the Portuguese shelf at North of the Nazaré canyon (offshore from the Lis River), allow identifying the deposition of various chemical elements normally associated with anthropogenic activities. In order to compensate for the natural sediment variability, heavy metal contents were normalised to Al. Temporal variations of Hg, Pb and Zn (Al-normalised) show an increasing trend since the beginning of the 1920s recording the development of industrial activities. Enrichment factors (EF) were calculated to estimate the level of contamination in these sediments. Mercury is the element with the highest average EF values (EF = 3), followed by Pb (EF = 1.5) and Zn (EF = 1.2). The results indicate that since 1991 64% of total Hg, 44% of total Pb and 24% of total Zn are derived from anthropogenic sources. The average anthropogenic fluxes of Hg, Pb and Zn (0.008, 3, 6 g cm-2yr-1, respectively) for the last 40 years in a ca. 400 km2 area of deposition represent a total accumulation of approximately 30, 12000 and 24400 kg per year of Hg, Pb and Zn, respectively. These results indicate that despite the high-energy conditions and the generally sandy nature of the Portuguese shelf sediments, it is possible to identify significant anthropogenic enrichments in some sediment accumulation areas. These contaminants are not necessarily related to immediate sources but may instead indicate atmospheric and or marine transport from more distant sources.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Persson, Martin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Parameterization in Quick Clay Modeling – Introducing Stratigraphic Detail
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts and Proceedings of the Geological Society of Norway - 29th Nordic Geological Winter Meeting.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Quick clay landslides are a potential hazard in southwestern Sweden. While the general theory of formation is well developed, spatial modeling of the processes and different factors controlling the clay leaching and the resulting quick clay properties has largely been neglected. We suggest a modeling approach aiming to specify the relative importance of different factors and their spatial and stratigraphic variance related to quick clay formation. The model should ultimately combine stratigraphic data from more than 200 Swedish geotechnical site investigations. Together with quick clay theory and knowledge about sedimentary paleoenvironments and processes, the model will predict quick clay distribution, or at least sites with favorable conditions for its development. Identified factors have been grouped together in the following sets: groundwater flux, exposure to leaching, time available for leaching, textural character and geochemical properties of the pore fluid. These groups have been weighted by importance and further subdivided. The importance of each subfactor has been derived from stratigraphic, geotechnical and geomorphologic data using factor analysis. To be able to compare different factors, utility functions have been constructed to translate observed values into a uniform scale ranging from 0-1, where 0 indicates no elevated probability and 1 means that the factor range is optimum for quick clay formation. This step of the process is largely statistical. A single factor’s weight and utility score are multiplied to express the factor’s possibility to affect the system. When combining the weights and utilities for all factors the final score describes the possibility for leaching and thus quick clay development at a specific site. Utilizing knowledge of quick clay formation and stratigraphic data allows an improved landslide susceptibility modeling in areas with known or unknown prerequisites for quick clay formation. The factors ratings and the interdependence between them was, in part, used in selecting and refining these parameters for GIS modeling. Type settings with high probability for quick clay formation have been defined from the statistical factor weighting. The overall goal is to improve today’s landslide susceptibility mapping by quantifying the site-specific prerequisites for quick clay formation.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Persson, Martin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial quick-clay predictions using multi-criteria evaluation in SW Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Landslides. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-510X .- 1612-5118. ; 11:2, s. 263-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transformation of marine and glaciomarine clay deposits into high sensitive and quick clays is largely dependent on the influence of local and regional geologic history and the resulting stratigraphy. The general conditions that facilitate quick-clay development are well known from numerous laboratory investigations during the last century, but their local and regional in-field variation is less understood. In this study, the geographic distribution of quick clay in SW Sweden is predicted using a multicriteria evaluation model that incorporates both qualitative information (established theory and expert judgment concerning the influences on both quick-clay development and the stratigraphic and geomorphologic distribution of sediment types) and observational data (maps of surficial deposits, geotechnical records and digital elevation data). This information duality cannot be avoided if knowledge from different disciplines is utilized. Considering this, model transparency is important for improvements and for characterizing its reliability for risk analysis. The model was constructed stepwise by an initial parameterization with subsequent hierarchical structuring, weighting and standardization of criteria, before running the full analysis. Comparisons between regional model results and geotechnically documented localities have yielded promising results concerning the model's ability to predict general trends. However, the large natural and site-specific variability of clay sensitivities is not always captured by the model. These deviations are examined and suggestions are given for minimizing their effect. Applications of model methodology and results are briefly discussed.
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| 28. |
- Stevens, Rodney, 1951
(författare)
-
Challenges for the geoscientist: an international perspective
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Shorpshire Geological Society. - 1750-855X. ; 13, s. 83-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The field of environmental geology is used to address the topic of challenges for the geoscientist. A few diverse examples are used to illustrate some successful, and some questionable, applications of geoscience knowledge, and also the role that community contact has had in these applications.
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| 29. |
- Stevens, Rodney, 1951
(författare)
-
Environmental assessment using quantitative provenance
- 2012
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Ingår i: 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM, Albena, Bulgaria 17-23 June 2012. - : Stef92 Technology. - 1314-2704.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative provenance provides a valuable, site-specific perspective for environmental modelling and assessment, complementing “end-of-pipe” observations tend to treat basins as a whole. Detailed mineralogical and grain-size distributions also allow interpretations of transport pathways, site dynamics, and source-to-deposit relations. Three case studies from the Baltic Sea are summarized. 1) The Ventspils Harbor (Latvia) is a straightforward mixing of two, well defined sources within an estuary-harbor setting. Sand transport modes and directional interpretations are derived from textural trends. 2) Three main sediment sources are recognized in the silt and clay fraction of sandy deposits along the coast of Lithuania. The sources are interpreted from literature information, but further specified by back-calculation of characteristic minerals in the resulting deposits. 3) During the Holocene, the Landsort Deep has received varying amounts of fine-grained sediments from glacial meltwaters, land runoff (mainly soil erosion) and sea-floor erosion. These are partitioned over time using trends in the mineralogy connected to the conceptual model of source compositions. The objectives of environmental assessment should ideally include the source identification, mass-flux budgets and process modeling from provenance studies whenever possible. Therefore, simple and common sediment parameters (mineralogy and grain size) have a lot to give beyond their traditional role in geology.
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| 30. |
- Stevens, Rodney, 1951
(författare)
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Environmental migration/adaptation: assessment methods for local and regional relationships
- 2018
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Ingår i: 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference SGEM2018. - Sofia, Bulgaria : STEM92 Technology Ltd.. - 1314-2704. - 9786197408720
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental change is, today, an unavoidable cause of societal stress that leads to suffering and migration. The focus here is not on change itself, but on the local and regional resources and environmental conditions that frame both the extent of change and the alternative actions that might mitigate effects. In this context, a modeling approach to resource and risk assessment and possible responses to change are presented. This structured methodology will be used in the 2018 Vienna conference workshop.
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| 31. |
- Stevens, Rodney, 1951
(författare)
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Hazard and land management methods
- 2015
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Ingår i: 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM. JUN 18-24, 2015, Albena, Bulgaria.. - 1314-2704. - 9786197105346
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern database accessibility has enormous, untapped potential for predictive modeling and risk assessment. However, practical methods for “data mining” and spatial modeling are necessary if this information is to be utilized in a more systematic, efficient way by practitioners. Decision support should also include stakeholder interaction. Holistic modeling of the natural and socio-economic system can further assist by providing essential tools for implementation by integrating perspectives, giving insight and helping achieve a consensus between interest groups. The methodological steps for hazard and land management can be structured into two parts: database optimization and practical implementation.
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| 32. |
- Stevens, Rodney, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge exchange for resource management and international trust (KERMIT) - Aleppo case-study example
- 2017
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Ingår i: 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference SGEM 2017. Albena, Bulgaria, 29 June - 5 July 2017.. - Sofia, Bulgaria : International Multidiciplinary Scientific Geoconference SGEM. - 1314-2704. - 9786197408041
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The KERMIT project deals with research and capacity-building targeted at two, related groups with academic backgrounds: 1) refugees in Europe and 2) local populations in the stressed regions from which people are fleeing. Although the long-term focus is aimed at raising the competence and capacity for sustainable resource management in stressed regions, the refugees with academic backgrounds involve both new challenges and opportunities with related objectives. These refugees need complementary study to adapt their educational background to European conditions, and at the same time they can provide valuable expertise and knowledge of specific regions and general conditions where resource conflicts and management have increased migration. Utilizing the connections to the local academic community and the existing infrastructure for research, the workshop will explore the dual and complementary goals to increase human capacity, thereby strengthening the hope for positive, short-term and long-term developments for both groups. Cooperative projects and educational activities with partner institutes in stressed regions are the distinctive profile for the KERMIT project. These activities build upon our international networks and the multidisciplinary research from the cooperative projects, utilizing earlier results and emphasizing the exchange activities for knowledge transfer in all directions. One example is the on-going case study of the Aleppo water treatment plant. The Queiq River receives sewage, industrial wastes and surface runoff from a large part of SW Aleppo. The treatment plant has the important function of improving the quality of river water so that this valuable resource can be utilized for irrigation further downstream and exported by pipelines to other agricultural areas. However, the plant has not operated during the last 4 years due to the war and disrupted electricity. The case study considers the increased pollution loading along the river due to continued irrigation with untreated water. Pollution sources, transport pathways, and recipients are modeled using system structural analysis and relative risk ranking methods.
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| 33. |
- Stevens, Rodney L., 1951
(författare)
-
A METHODOLOGY MANUAL FOR CONCEPTUAL MODELING TO AID MULTIDISCIPLINARY AND INTERNATIONAL PROJECT INITIATION
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM 21.2.1. - : STEF92 Technology. - 1314-2704.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents three common and simplified steps in conceptual modeling, which are also proposed as “tools” for project initiation. These steps are: 1) system characterization, 2) system structural analysis, and 3) multi-criteria modeling of alternative scenarios. The main motivation for a standardized approach is that that many projects involve complex systems with diverse stakeholders. Both of these aspects increase the need for effective communication and for including perspectives across disciplines and societal sectors. System characterization is necessary to define the outer boundaries and the inner components involved in processes and effects. The dynamics are further explored with system structural analysis, including variable impacts on each other and the identification of positive (destabilizing) and negative (stabilizing) feedback loops. Based on this understanding of the system, suitable research questions and scenario predictions can be tested with multi-criteria analysis. The methodological steps are illustrated with a simplified example, classroom drowsiness. An annual web-based methods course and related workshops that evaluate and apply the conceptual-modeling activities to actual case studies are proposed. The 2021 SGEM PLATFORM workshops are the first such workshops, which we hope will re-occur annually, helping initiate new projects and to build consortia for continued project development.
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| 34. |
- Stevens, Rodney L., 1951, et al.
(författare)
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REMOTE ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES USING KAREZES (QANATS), NORTH OF KANDAHAR, AFGHANISTAN
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM Vol. 21, Iss. 3.2. - 1314-2704.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Karezes represent a sustainable water supply since their discharge is regulated by the natural groundwater renewal in the mountains and on upslope surfaces in the valleys. Although most karezes have become inactive due to lowered groundwater levels, they can still be used together with other accessible information sources to initially and remotely interpret basin geohydrology and the groundwater resources when they were constructed (and today if still active). This is mainly done by using karezes to map the depth and slope of the groundwater table. Also, spatial and temporal changes in the water supply from karezes can indicate changing climatic and anthropogenic influences on groundwater resources. The aim of this paper is to present an approach that combines the “karez archive” of hydrogeological information with other, assessable information sources, such as topographic and climatic databases. Endemic knowledge is stressed as an importance and practical verification of the assessment, as well as a crucial component of the applications toward sustainable water management. The basin-specific conditions interpreted are most important in regions with poor data control for modeling basin hydrology. The characterization and combination of information sources is exemplified using karezes NW of Kandahar, Afghanistan.
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| 35. |
- Stevens, Rodney L., 1951, et al.
(författare)
-
Tools for project scoping: conceptual modeling of stakeholders, activities and goals
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - 9786197603224
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stakeholders and project activities are related to the typical and usually necessary project components of: ideas, financing and implementation. Our aim is to illustrate useful steps in problem analysis, progressing from system characterization (analytical phase) to predictive modeling (synthesis phase). System analysis and multi-criteria evaluation are used to identify alternative scenarios regarding project goals. The model suggests that “public awareness” is best promoted in projects with a more balanced representation of different stakeholders and more diverse project activities than is common in research projects. Each project goal (e.g., public awareness, innovation, capacity building and knowledge generation) can be optimized by testing the contributions by different mixtures of participating stakeholders and project activities in the modeled scenarios. This approach, i.e., system modeling, is suitable as an initial step in project scoping. Conceptual models provide a common basis for networking, brainstorming and partner interaction. Modeling is also a tool for integrating different types of knowledge from diverse sources, which is typically necessary for complex problems with multi-disciplinary and multi-sectoral aspects.
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| 36. |
- Stevens, Rodney, 1951
(författare)
-
Regional risk ranking for integrated land-sea resource management
- 2017
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Ingår i: 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference SGEM 2017, 29 June – 5 July 2017 Albena, Bulgaria. - Sofia, Bulgaria : International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconferences SGEM. - 1314-2704. - 9786197408089
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models for resource and environmental management should be as specific as possible, but complex, regional environments are highly variable and not readily compared, as would be desired for decision support. This paper presents selected tools to improve the transparency and quantitative character of modelling procedures and databases are presented. These methods are largely related to existing procedures for regional relative risk ranking, but also include system structural analysis and risk classification. Several case studies from the Swedish west coast illustrate that modelling facilitates comparisons and adds transparency regarding the input data and parameter weightings. Multiple databases and multiple perspectives also require iterative revision and verification as part of the modelling of complex environmental systems.
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| 37. |
- Stevens, Rodney, 1951
(författare)
-
The role of sediments relative to pollution problems
- 2015
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Ingår i: 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM. JUN 18-24, 2015 Albena, Bulgaria.. - Sofia : STEF92 TECHNOLOGY LTD. - 1314-2704. - 9786197105360
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollution problems in aquatic sediments can be quite varied -- from the widespread contamination of a coastal bay receiving untreated urban or industrial discharge to the local leakage from underground petroleum tanks or pipelines. The variation of such problems is further expanded by the range of sediment characteristics in which they occur. Sediments particles can be carriers, receptors and sources for contaminants. The effectiveness of these roles is largely related to their adsorptive capacity; governed mainly by particle size, mineralogy and organic matter, as well as site-specific geochemical conditions. Sustainable management requires a source-to-sink system perspective in order to prescribe remedial actions. The relationships between sediment parameters and pollution problems are summarized and then briefly illustrated using the environmental sedimentology of three harbors: Bergen (Norway), Gothenburg (Sweden), and Ventspils (Latvia).
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| 38. |
- Vasiliev, Denis, et al.
(författare)
-
GEOPARKS AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - 1314-2704.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geopark networks are expanding globally, with the main purpose to protect geo-heritage. In many places of the world geopark sites are associated with local cultural heritage and indigenous people. These links sometimes are synergistic, whereby geoparks serve as important protected areas that allow for preservation of important cultural objects and even support livelihoods of indigenous people. However, in some cases geopark development is perceived negatively by local communities and might have potentially damaging effects on local culture. Geopark networks are likely to expand and may have important contribution to local culture preservation. However, in order to successfully implement new geoparks it is important to understand factors contributing to their positive effects on local cultures and the ways to address potential conflict areas. In this article we critically evaluate these factors, considering both synergies and conflicts, and propose recommendations for new geopark siting and management that could help to maximise their contribution to cultural conservation and development.
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| 39. |
- Vasiliev, Denis, et al.
(författare)
-
Novel Applications of GIS and Artificial Intelligence in Forest Restoration
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - Sofia : STEF92 Technology. - 1314-2704. - 9786197603422
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest restoration programmes take place globally and lay a pivotal role in addressing climate change and biodiversity loss. Often restoration programmes are based on simple plantation schemes, evenly planting trees that later on might contribute to economic activity. This, however, does not seem to be sufficient for supporting biodiversity. Recent research suggests that successful restorations should match original ecological patterns in any particular landscape, assuming that severe erosion and changing soil conditions have not taken place during disturbances. This means that understanding natural historic patterns is vital. However, achieving such understanding is often challenging, given the fact that historic satellite imagery is generally available only for relatively short time periods. It is therefore important, if possible, to model former landscape ecological patterns. Modelling might be based on different site-specific approaches and historical records. However, most powerful tools available today include deep learning and artificial intelligence. Construction and training of neural networks might allow simulation of historical forest patterns in cases when satellite imagery is not available for long time periods. Application of this technique is very likely to have important practical implications.
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| 40. |
- Vasiliev, Denis, et al.
(författare)
-
Potential applications of modern GIS technology in Geopark assessments
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - 9786197603361
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The UNESCO Global Geopark network is expanding. Geoparks are intended to play important roles in sustainable development. For this to happen, new sites geopark establishment need to be carefully evaluated. In addition, protection and maintenance of heritage and sustainability within established geoparks requires effective monitoring. Modern geographic information system (GIS) technologies have a lot to offer for effective landscape-scale assessments and monitoring of geo park territories. However, little attention seems to be paid so far to these opportunities. Thus, the aim of this paper is to highlight potential applications of modern GIS technology tools for enhanced quality of landscape-level assessment and monitoring that could enhance potential of the geo park network to contribute to sustainable development goals. Conceptual research methodology has been applied in order to explore concepts that are not yet discussed in existing scientific literature and to propose novel insights. Given the global scale of the UNESCO initiative GIS tools need to be applied both in developed and developing countries. Funding source restrictions in the latter counties may be considered a constraint to GIS application. However, modern technologies and software are becoming increasingly affordable, and the most cost effective solutions are considered in this article.
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