| 1. |
- Andersson, Patrik, 1981-
(författare)
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Four applications of stochastic processes : Contagious disease, credit risk, gambling and bond portfolios
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four papers on applications of stochastic processes. In Paper I we study an open population SIS (Susceptible - Infective - Susceptible) stochastic epidemic model from the time of introduction of the disease, through a possible outbreak and to extinction. The analysis uses coupling arguments and diffusion approximations. In Paper II we propose a model describing an economy where companies may default due to contagion. The features of the model are analyzed using diffusion approximations. We show that the model can reproduce oscillations in the default rates similar to what has been observed empirically. In Paper III we consider the problem of finding an optimal betting strategy for a house-banked casino card game that is played for several coups before reshuffling. A limit result for the return process is found and the optimal card counting strategy is derived. This continuous time strategy is shown to be a natural generalization of the discrete time strategy where the so called effects of removals are replaced by the infinitesimal generator of the card process. In Paper IV we study interest rate models where the term structure is given by an affine relation and in particular where the driving stochastic processes are so-called generalised Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. We show that the return and variance of a portfolio of bonds which are continuously rolled over, also called rolling horizon bonds, can be expressed using the cumulant generating functions of the background driving Lévy processes associated with the OU processes. We also show that if the short rate, in a risk-neutral setting, is given by a linear combination of generalised OU processes, the implied term structure can be expressed in terms of the cumulant generating functions.
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| 4. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 6. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 8. |
- Fägerstam, Emilia
(författare)
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Space and Place : Perspectives on outdoor teaching and learning
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aims to explore teachers’ and students’ experience and perception of outdoor teaching and learning. Further, it aims to explore influences of outdoor teaching on academic performance in biology and mathematics. The contexts for the thesis are a Swedish high school and Australian environmental education centres. The empirical material comprises student and teacher interviews, and questionnaires and tests answered by students. Theoretical frames of reference are theory of place and three dimensions of learning: content, social and emotional dimensions of learning. The results reveal that the extended physical space had the potential to improve social relations and increase participation, collaboration and on-task communication. However, teachers witnessed a period of up to three months before the students adjusted to outdoor teaching. During that time disciplinary issues were a concern. Teaches’ perceptions were that experience of specific places such as local natural environment was fundamental to forming a sense of belonging and environmental concern. However, teachers described children and students as unfamiliar with local natural environments. Teacher’s perceptions were that media provides knowledge about nature rather than direct experience and children and students were often uncomfortable or afraid in nature. Mathematics followed by language education were the subjects most regularly taught outdoors. Two studies compared classroom education with partly outdoor education in biology and mathematics. Results reveal that students’ performance was equally good, or more developed as a consequence of outdoor teaching. An overarching conclusion is that the possibility to appeal to cognitive, social and emotional dimensions of learning all at the same time has the potential to concretize and broaden the often theoretical approach of high school education, and to contribute to long term episodic memories and a desire to learn.
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| 9. |
- Jandrić, Petar, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching in the Age of Covid-19
- 2020
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Ingår i: Postdigital Science and Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-4868 .- 2524-485X. ; 2:3, s. 1069-1230
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A collection of 84 author's testimonies and workspace photographs between 18 March and 5 May 2020.
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| 10. |
- Jandrić, Petar, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching in the Age of Covid-19—1 Year Later
- 2021
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Ingår i: Postdigital Science and Education. - : Springer. - 2524-485X .- 2524-4868. ; 3:3, s. 1073-1223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
- Khatri, C, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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| 13. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 30. |
- Brevini, T, et al.
(författare)
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FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7950, s. 134-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating viral host receptors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)1, could represent a new chemoprophylactic approach for COVID-19 that complements vaccination2,3. However, the mechanisms that control the expression of ACE2 remain unclear. Here we show that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a direct regulator of ACE2 transcription in several tissues affected by COVID-19, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. We then use the over-the-counter compound z-guggulsterone and the off-patent drug ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to reduce FXR signalling and downregulate ACE2 in human lung, cholangiocyte and intestinal organoids and in the corresponding tissues in mice and hamsters. We show that the UDCA-mediated downregulation of ACE2 reduces susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, in vivo and in human lungs and livers perfused ex situ. Furthermore, we reveal that UDCA reduces the expression of ACE2 in the nasal epithelium in humans. Finally, we identify a correlation between UDCA treatment and positive clinical outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection using retrospective registry data, and confirm these findings in an independent validation cohort of recipients of liver transplants. In conclusion, we show that FXR has a role in controlling ACE2 expression and provide evidence that modulation of this pathway could be beneficial for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection, paving the way for future clinical trials.
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| 31. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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| 32. |
- Clegg, Stewart, et al.
(författare)
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The temporal-enduring paradox : the case of Umeå capital of culture 2014
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tensions and paradoxes in temporary organizing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 9781839093494 - 9781839093487 - 9781839093500 ; , s. 37-60
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the long term, all organizations may be temporary. Some, however, are more temporary than others. Temporary organizations are designed not so much with an eye on enduring as on accomplishing a specific task. In this chapter, we explore paradoxes, understood as persistent mutually defining oppositions that occur at the intersection of 'the temporary' and 'the enduring'. To do so, we discuss the concept of memory, which we use to explore the process of preserving and reproducing memories of people and events as a bridge between the temporalities of organizing that is past and was never intended to endure, and those that are ongoing. By reconstructing one case of the European Capital of Culture initiative, we discuss memory as critical to temporary organizations in the sense that temporary organizations always have a memory that affords continuity: hence are enduring. We argue that there is endurance in the temporary and temporariness in endurance: expressing the paradoxical essence of organizing.
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| 33. |
- Cunha, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Elgar introduction to designing organizations
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Presenting the emergence of new organizational designs in a novel way, this insightful book blends theory and practice to examine major trends and directions, the key ideas that underpin organizational design and how these ideas might be applied.The authors explore how, in a world characterized by relentless change and volatility, traditional bureaucracies of the past are increasingly regarded as being too slow and centralized. Instead, emerging ideas, such as platforms, ecosystems, holacracies, agility and improvisation are gaining purchase. Focusing on key trends and forms of design, the book offers an approach to organizing that accommodates paradoxes and offers a fresh view on managing organizational design.Rich in anecdotes and examples, the Elgar Introduction to Designing Organizations will be a useful guide for business and management scholars and advanced students with a focus on organizational studies and innovation. It will be beneficial for business managers thinking about how to design their organization so that it is fit for contemporary purposes.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Gaim, Medhanie, Dr, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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All paradoxes are not created equal : Power, Identity and Perceived Paradox Intensity
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Paradoxes are not identical. One paradox may be quite underwhelming, another overwhelming;hence, their intensity differs as do responses. We explore how organizational actor’s responsesto paradox vary, depending on how strongly the paradox is perceived to be in its enactments.We ask in what ways the perceived intensity of paradoxes constitutes how organizationmembers respond. By introducing the notion of intensity, we reformulate the meaning ofparadoxes embeddedness. In our conceptualization a paradox is not a thing whose shape isconserved but rather it shapes and reshapes as it crosses zones in a power circuit. We contributeto paradox theory by adding requisite variety and complexity to expand theoretical insight andinvite future research measuring the perceived intensity of paradoxes and exploring howorganization members flexibly navigate the zones of responses
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| 36. |
- Gaim, Medhanie, Dr, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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In Praise of Paradox Persistence : Evidence from the Sydney Opera House Project
- 2022
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Ingår i: Project Management Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 8756-9728 .- 1938-9507. ; 53:4, s. 397-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organizational paradoxes persist. In their persistence, they resist closure; we demonstrate how, by using an exemplary project, that of the construction of the Sydney Opera House. By analyzing paradoxes encountered in the construction of a notable contemporary architectural project, we discuss how dialogical interactions enable options to emerge in the form of responses that were not previously evident. Engaging paradoxes dialogically requires accepting rather than denying contradictions, meaning that rather than resolving them in favor of one pole or the other, the contradictions remain in play. Monologic interactions—favoring dominant and singular voices, rather than producing consensus—repress dissent, leading to conflict, through suppressing paradox.
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| 37. |
- Gaim, Medhanie, Dr, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational paradox
- 2022
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paradoxes, contrary propositions that are not contestable separately but that are inconsistent when conjoined, constitute a pervasive feature of contemporary organizational life. When contradictory elements are constituted as equally important in day-to-day work, organizational actors frequently experience acute tensions in engaging with these contradictions. This Element discusses the presence of paradoxes in the life of organizations, introduces the reader to the notion of paradox in theory and practice, and distinguishes paradox and adjacent conceptualizations such as trade-off, dilemma, dialectics, ambiguity, etc. This Element also covers what triggers paradoxes and how they come into being whereby the Element distinguishes latent and salient paradoxes and how salient paradoxes are managed. This Element discusses key methodological challenges and possibilities of studying, teaching, and applying paradoxes and concludes by considering some future research questions left unexplored in the field.
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| 38. |
- Gaim, Medhanie, Dr, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational paradoxes : theory & practice
- 2024
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This captivating book delves into the complex realm of management and organizational dynamics, focusing on the significance of paradoxes.From the intricate interplay between social obligations and business missions to the tension between stability and change, this textbook unveils the essence of these enduring contradictions. As organizations evolve, paradoxes become defining features, and illustrative cases of this are included throughout the textbook.Organizational Paradoxes equips students of organization management, organization change and strategy with an understanding of paradoxes, their philosophical underpinnings and their management in practice.
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| 39. |
- Gaim, Medhanie, Dr, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Paradox beyond East/West orthodoxy : the case of Ubuntu
- 2021
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Ingår i: Interdisciplinary dialogues on organizational paradox. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 9781801171847 - 9781801171830 ; , s. 29-50
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- That life is inundated with constant push-pull between contradictory demands is indisputable. Different traditions and worldviews inform individuals’ approaches to dealing with the ensuing paradoxes. However, the literature has focused on Western and Eastern philosophies and traditions, while disregarding others such as the Afro-centric. In this chapter, we explore Ubuntu, an Afro-centric tradition, as an alternative philosophical underpinning that can inform the nature of paradoxes. Doing so enriches the understanding, problematizing and managing of paradoxes. Central to Ubuntu is otherness: the emphasis on the need of the other that implies focusing on the other; in doing so, the polarities of diverse needs are accommodated, striving for an ultimate goal of harmony. Moreover, we elaborate on the hybrid space where collapsing the East-West and the West and non-west dualism allows engagement with a multiplicity of worldviews. In so doing, we expand paradox theorizing beyond the orthodoxy of East and West antinomies and challenge the basic assumption in paradox management by asking the question: what if we start from others’ demands?
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| 42. |
- Jaarsma, T, et al.
(författare)
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Heart failure management programmes in Europé
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 5:3, s. 197-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The ESC guidelines recommend that an organised system of specialist heart failure (HF) care should be established to improve outcomes of HF patients. The aim of this study was therefore to identify the number and the content of HF management programmes in Europe. Method: A two-phase descriptive study was conducted: an initial screening to identify the existence of HF management programmes, and a survey to describe the content in countries where at least 30% of the hospitals had a programme. Results: Of the 43 European countries approached, 26 (60%) estimated the percentage of HF management programmes. Seven countries reported that they had such programmes in more than 30% of their hospitals. Of the 673 hospitals responding to the questionnaire, 426 (63%) had a HF management programme. Half of the programmes (n = 205) were located in an outpatient clinic. In the UK a combination of hospital and home-based programmes was common (75%). The most programmes included physical examination, telephone consultation, patient education, drug titration and diagnostic testing. Most (89%) programmes involved nurses and physicians. Multi-disciplinary teams were active in 56% of the HF programmes. The most prominent differences between the 7 countries were the degree of collaboration with home care and GP's, the role in palliative care and the funding. Conclusion: Only a few European countries have a large number of organised programmes for HF care and follow up. To improve outcomes of HF patients throughout Europe more effort should be taken to increase the number of these programmes in all countries. © 2006 European Society of Cardiology.
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| 46. |
- Madireddy, L, et al.
(författare)
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A systems biology approach uncovers cell-specific gene regulatory effects of genetic associations in multiple sclerosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 2236-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 50,000 unique associations with common human traits. While this represents a substantial step forward, establishing the biology underlying these associations has proven extremely difficult. Even determining which cell types and which particular gene(s) are relevant continues to be a challenge. Here, we conduct a cell-specific pathway analysis of the latest GWAS in multiple sclerosis (MS), which had analyzed a total of 47,351 cases and 68,284 healthy controls and found more than 200 non-MHC genome-wide associations. Our analysis identifies pan immune cell as well as cell-specific susceptibility genes in T cells, B cells and monocytes. Finally, genotype-level data from 2,370 patients and 412 controls is used to compute intra-individual and cell-specific susceptibility pathways that offer a biological interpretation of the individual genetic risk to MS. This approach could be adopted in any other complex trait for which genome-wide data is available.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Pina e Cunha, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Eight paradoxical tensions of organizational improvisation
- 2024. - 1
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Ingår i: The routledge companion to improvisation in organizations. - Abingdon; New York : Routledge. - 9780367771126 - 9780367775193 - 9781003171768 ; , s. 50-64
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By asking why is improvisation paradoxical, we explore the paradoxical side of improvisation, responding to the growing realization that organizations are comprised of complex, emergent qualities that limit the value of predictions based on past routines and data. In this chapter, we explore eight paradoxes of improvisation. Conceptualized as a paradox, improvisation is contradictory and diverse rather than an expression of pure impulsive reaction.
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| 49. |
- Saini, Pawan Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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The [PSI+] prion modulates cytochrome c oxidase deficiency caused by deletion of COX12
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Biology of the Cell. - : American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB). - 1059-1524 .- 1939-4586. ; 33:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is a pivotal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which sustains bioenergetics of eukaryotic cells. Cox12, a peripheral subunit of CcO oxidase, is required for full activity of the enzyme, but its exact function is unknown. Here experimental evolution of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δcox12 strain for ∼300 generations allowed to restore the activity of CcO oxidase. In one population, the enhanced bioenergetics was caused by a A375V mutation in the cytosolic AAA+ disaggregase Hsp104. Deletion or overexpression of HSP104 also increased respiration of the Δcox12 ancestor strain. This beneficial effect of Hsp104 was related to the loss of the [PSI+] prion, which forms cytosolic amyloid aggregates of the Sup35 protein. Overall, our data demonstrate that cytosolic aggregation of a prion impairs the mitochondrial metabolism of cells defective for Cox12. These findings identify a new functional connection between cytosolic proteostasis and biogenesis of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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