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- Stiepani, Johann
(författare)
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Changing Coastlines of the Indo-Pacific : Local livelihoods and use of ecosystem resources from a social-ecological systems perspective
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis analyzes the impacts of global environmental change upon the interactions and connections between coastal ecosystems and small-scale fishers. The analysis builds on social and ecological data, obtained in four locations including: Unguja Ukuu, Zanzibar (Paper I); Malalison island, the Philippines (Paper II); Batan, the Philippines (Paper III); and Penang, Malaysia (Paper IV). Each of these locations is currently impacted by processes of global environmental change that challenge the sustainability of local livelihoods based on natural capital. These processes of global environmental change include environmental degradation (Papers I-III), and mangrove degradation due to land use change (Papers III-IV). Papers I-II focus on gleaning as a specific example of a coastal livelihood and found that gleaners over time struggle with local declines of the species they target. In Paper II gleaning was found to be important as a supplemental livelihood activity when local people were unable to perform regular SSF livelihood activities due to disturbances caused by e.g. typhoons. Environmental degradation was also present within the multi gear SSF at Batan (Paper III) within the mangrove estuary. Within the context of both Papers III-IV land use change fragmented the coastal ecosystems which likely impacted the biodiversity and structure of a mangrove forests. In conclusion, this thesis highlights an array of stressors that threaten these social-ecological system of small-scale fishing villages, in particular their coastal ecosystems found at their fringe. This work confirms the importance for local coastal management to understand different components of a SES to strengthen local livelihood security. Future work and management of these coastlines and livelihoods that are based on their environments need both ecological and social data to enable sound management. Alternative livelihoods could be one strategy to reduce dependency of livelihoods on SSF.
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| 3. |
- Stiepani, Johann, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of urbanization on mangrove forests and brachyuran crabs in Penang, Malaysia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Regional Environmental Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3798 .- 1436-378X. ; 21:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban development is driving the loss and subsequent fragmentation of mangrove forests in Penang, Malaysia. However, little research has focused on the implications of urbanization onto the biodiversity within mangrove forests. This study investigates and compares both vegetation and crab assemblages between urban and rural mangrove forests. Collectively, 5853 trees were recorded including 15 species from six families: Acanthaceae, Arecaceae, Lythraceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, and Rhizophoraceae. Avicennia marina accounted for 88.6% of all trees in the study and held the highest species importance (IV). Although the total number of mangrove tree species varied significantly between urban (14) and rural (7) mangrove forests, the mangrove forest structure based on IV did not vary significantly. In total, 633 crabs were recorded comprising 13 different species from three superfamilies: Grapsoidea, Ocypodoidea, and Paguroidea. Crab species richness did not vary between urban and rural sites, but the biomasses of five and the densities of four crab species varied significantly. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that land use, salinity, and abundance of Avicennia officinalis can best describe the distribution of crab species (r2 =32.7). This study indicates that smaller fragmented urban mangroves at the east coast of Penang have a relatively high tree and crab diversity and are worth protecting, in addition to the larger mangrove forests on the west coast. The preservation of small yet interconnected mangrove sites could be critical to the recruitment of their flora and fauna and should be considered in decision-making processes.
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| 4. |
- Stiepani, Johann, et al.
(författare)
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Social-ecological system analysis of an invertebrate gleaning fishery on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 52:1, s. 140-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Invertebrate gleaning is a small-scale fishery that commonly occurs in the intertidal zone across the tropical Indo-Pacific. In this study, we investigated and analyzed several components of this fishery on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar by employing the social-ecological systems framework from Ostrom 2009. In doing so, we conducted ecological surveys, catch assessments, interviews with gleaners, household surveys, focus group interviews and analyzed the governance structure. This social-ecological systems analysis showed that gleaning is important for food security, local culture and livelihood. Yet, the multiple approaches in our study revealed that the local intertidal zone is degrading and that the gleaned catch is changing. Local narratives indicate that economically important bivalves (Modiolus spp.) and gastropods (Strombus spp.) are in decline, which was paralleled with low abundances of both genera within the ecological survey of the intertidal and catch landing assessment. We recommend that invertebrate gleaning, a fishery mainly comprised of women should be included in fisheries management.
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| 5. |
- Stiepani, Johann, et al.
(författare)
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The Where, the How, and the Why of the gleaning fishery : Livelihoods, food security, threats and management on the island of Malalison, Philippines
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier. - 0964-5691 .- 1873-524X. ; 244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intertidal gleaning is a small-scale fishery (SSF) that is relatively little known, but contributes to the food security and income of many people. Yet, this SSF is not commonly considered in management planning, or policy development. This study investigates gleaning and its importance to food security and livelihoods of local people on the island of Malalison, Philippines, as well as the perceived threats to the coastal ecosystems where the gleaning occurs. In the study, 36 gleaners were interviewed and a participatory mapping session with 24 participants was held. The results reveal three distinct forms of gleaning in three different ecosystems around the island. The most common was walking gleaning within the rocky shorelines, followed by swimming or diving for invertebrates in shallow coral reef systems, and the collection of algae in a seagrass and algae meadows. While gleaning on average contributed to 9.57% of the monthly income of interviewees households, it was a primary source of income for 29% of women. For 81% of women and 33% of men gleaning was very important for the household food security. For men intertidal gleaning was considered a supplemental fishery when unable to perform regular SSF activities. The most commonly mentioned threat to coastal ecosystems was the increased impacts of typhoons (69.4% respondents), followed by an increase in gleaners (58.3%). Majority of the respondents stated gleaning should be regulated together with co-occurring SSF. Based on these results we discuss the importance of the gleaning for livelihoods and security, the implications of the existing threats, and the need to formally include gleaning in monitoring and management. We also suggest a need for both biological and social studies to provide science-based management guidelines. Understanding the gleaning practice is a prerequisite to address the obstacles and better plan for the management of this SSF.
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