| 1. |
- Kalantari, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the effects of simulated land use changes on peak discharge of a catchment adjoining a road
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The consequences of heavy rainfall and other extreme weather events are strongly influenced by land use within watersheds. The tested catchment consists of arable land, forest, living areas, and a creek which crosses a main road at the bottom of the catchment. The theoretical hydrological responses to different land use changes and four different extreme events were quantified by model simulations using MIKE-SHE. Land use composition and configuration was found to affect discharge; clear-cutting on 30% of the catchment area produced a 60% increase in peak discharge and a 10% increase in total runoff during a 50-year summer event. There were only small effects on peak discharge during smaller storms. Reforestation of 60% of basin area was the most effective measure to reduce peak flow, mainly for smaller (2-, 5- and 10-year) storms. Grassed waterways reduced water velocity in the stream and resulted in a 28% reduction in peak flow at the catchment outlet with the same 50-year event. A smaller degree of reforestation (30%) of the basin area was the most efficient measure to decrease total runoff. Hence different measures may be the most efficient for peak discharges and total runoff from the area. The specific effect of land use measures on catchment discharge depends on their spatial distribution and on the size and time of storm events.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kalantari, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Modeller subjectivity and calibration impacts on hydrological model applications : an event-based comparison for a road-adjacent catchment in South-East Norway
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 502, s. 315-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying a ‘best’ performing hydrologic model in a practical sense is difficult due to the potential influences of modeller subjectivity on, for example, calibration procedure and parameter selection. This is especially true for model applications at the event scale where the prevailing catchment conditions can have a strong impact on apparent model performance and suitability. In this study, two lumped models (CoupModel and HBV) and two physically-based distributed models (LISEM and MIKE SHE) were applied to a small catchment upstream of a road in south-eastern Norway. All models were calibrated to a single event representing typical winter conditions in the region and then applied to various other winter events to investigate the potential impact of calibration period and methodology on model performance. Peak flow and event-based hydrographs were simulated differently by all models leading to differences in apparent model performance under this application. In this case-study, the lumped models appeared to be better suited for hydrological events that differed from the calibration event (i.e., events when runoff was generated from rain on non-frozen soils rather than from rain and snowmelt on frozen soil) while the more physical-based approaches appeared better suited during snowmelt and frozen soil conditions more consistent with the event-specific calibration. This was due to the combination of variations in subsurface conditions over the eight events considered, the subsequent ability of the models to represent the impact of the conditions (particularly when subsurface conditions varied greatly from the calibration event), and the different approaches adopted to calibrate the models. These results indicate that hydrologic models may not only need to be selected on a case-by-case basis but also have their performance evaluated on an application-by-application basis since how a model is applied can be equally important as inherent model structure.
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| 4. |
- Kalantari, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling high resolution discharge dynamics nearby road structure, using data from small catchment and 3 different models
- 2011
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Ingår i: 34th IAHR World Congress 2011. ; , s. 226-232
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The climate change may lead to an increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events and floods as well as changes in frost/thawing cycles. This will have impacts on the performance and life time of road infrastructures. The frequency of road closures and other incidences will probably increase.This paper is based on an ongoing collaboration with ClimRunoff project financed by the Norwegian Research Council. The results from this cooperation will be used in the research project financed by the Swedish Road Administration.This study has started with the focus on quantifying discharge of catchment areas draining towards roads. The first priority of this study is to create a model that can evaluate the run-off situations under spring situation (i.e. overland flow due to snowmelt and partially frozen soils). This modeling study has just been carried out for a small agricultural catchment in Norway using 3 different models (MIKE SHE, LISEM and CoupModel). This study aims at:• Evaluation of suitable hydrological models to quantify the spring discharge• Identification of problems with available data and models to quantify the role of climate impacts• Identifying the specific role of groundwater and surface runoff to the discharge dynamicsThe models evaluated differ with respect to aggregation level (time and space) and representation of the hydrological processes. Especially winter related processes as snow accumulation, melt and infiltration into partially frozen soils are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Kalantari, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying the hydrological impact of simulated changes in land use on peak discharge in a small catchment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 466, s. 741-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A physically-based, distributed hydrological model (MIKE SHE) was used to quantify overland runoff in response to four extreme rain events and four types of simulated land use measure in a catchment in Norway. The current land use in the catchment comprises arable lands, forest, urban areas and a stream that passes under a motorway at the catchment outlet. This model simulation study demonstrates how the composition and configuration of land use measures affect discharge at the catchment outlet differently in response to storms of different sizes. For example, clear-cutting on 30% of the catchment area produced a 60% increase in peak discharge and a 10% increase in total runoff resulting from a 50-year storm event in summer, but the effects on peak discharge were less pronounced during smaller storms. Reforestation of 60% of the catchment area was the most effective measure in reducing peak flows for smaller (2-, 5- and 10-year) storms. Introducing grassed waterways reduced water velocity in the stream and resulted in a 28% reduction in peak flow at the catchment outlet for the 50-year storm event. Overall, the results indicate that the specific effect of land use measures on catchment discharge depends on their spatial distribution and on the size and timing of storm events.
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| 6. |
- Kalantari, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Usefulness of four hydrological models in simulating high-resolution discharge dynamics of a adjacent to a road
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Four hydrological models (LISEM, MIKE SHE, CoupModel and HBV) were compared with respect to their capability to predict peak flow in a small catchment upstream of a road in SE Norway on an hourly basis. All four models were calibrated using hourly observed streamflow. Simulated and observed discharge generated during three types of hydrological situations characteristic of winter/spring conditions causing overland flow were considered: snowmelt, partially frozen soil and heavy rain events. Using parameter sets optimised for winter/spring conditions, flows simulated by HBV coupled with CoupModel were comparable to measured discharge from the catchment in corresponding periods. However, this combination was best when all the parameters were calibrated in HBV. For ungauged basins with no real-time monitoring of discharge and when the spatial distribution is important, MIKE SHE may be more suitable than the other models, but the lack of detailed input data and the uncertainty in physical parameters should be considered. LISEM is potentially capable of calculating runoff from small catchments during winter/spring but requires better description of snowmelt, infiltration into frozen layers and tile drainage. From a practical road maintenance perspective, the usefulness and accuracy of a model depends on its ability to represent site-specific processes, data availability and calibration requirements.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Raška, Pavel, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying barriers for nature-based solutions in flood risk management : An interdisciplinary overview using expert community approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major event that hit Europe in summer 2021 reminds society that floods are recurrent and among the costliest and deadliest natural hazards. The long-term flood risk management (FRM) efforts preferring sole technical measures to prevent and mitigate floods have shown to be not sufficiently effective and sensitive to the environment. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) mark a recent paradigm shift of FRM towards solutions that use nature-derived features, processes and management options to improve water retention and mitigate floods. Yet, the empirical evidence on the effects of NBS across various settings remains fragmented and their implementation faces a series of institutional barriers. In this paper, we adopt a community expert perspective drawing upon LAND4FLOOD Natural flood retention on private land network (https://www.land4flood.eu) in order to identify a set of barriers and their cascading and compound interactions relevant to individual NBS. The experts identified a comprehensive set of 17 barriers affecting the implementation of 12 groups of NBS in both urban and rural settings in five European regional environmental domains (i.e., Boreal, Atlantic, Continental, Alpine-Carpathian, and Mediterranean). Based on the results, we define avenues for further research, connecting hydrology and soil science, on the one hand, and land use planning, social geography and economics, on the other. Our suggestions ultimately call for a transdisciplinary turn in the research of NBS in FRM.
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