| 1. |
- Thomsen, M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Variants and Immune Responses in a Cohort of Patients With Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 224:12, s. 2122-2132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) may involve different central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, including meningitis, encephalitis, and vasculitis. In cases in which otherwise healthy individuals are affected, an inborn error of immunity may underlie increased susceptibility or severity of infection. Methods. We collected a cohort of 17 adults who experienced VZV encephalitis and performed whole exome sequencing. Patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells were infected with VZV, and innate antiviral interferon (IFN) and cytokine responses as well as viral replication were evaluated. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. Results. We identified a total of 21 different potentially disease-causing variants in a total of 13 of the 17 patients included. These gene variants were within 2 major functional clusters: (1) innate viral sensors and immune pathways and (2) autophagy pathways. Antiviral IFN and cytokine responses were abnormal in the majority of patients, whereas viral replication was increased in only 2 of 17 patients. Conclusions. This study identifies a list of variants of pathogenic potential, which may serve as a platform for generating hypotheses for future studies addressing genetic and immunological factors associated with susceptibility to VZV encephalitis. These data, taken together, suggest that disturbances in innate sensing and autophagy pathways may predispose to VZV encephalitis.
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| 2. |
- Couppe, C, et al.
(författare)
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Shoulder rotational profiles in young healthy elite female and male badminton players
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 24:1, s. 122-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to profile shoulder passive range of motion (ROM) and isometric strength for external (ER) and internal (IR) rotation as part of a preseason screening in adolescent national badminton players. Passive external range of motion (EROM) and internal range of motion (IROM) were examined on the dominant and nondominant shoulder in 31 adolescent national badminton players (12 females and 19 males) with a standard goniometer. Muscle strength was examined with a hand-held dynamometer in ER and IR. Total range of motion (TROM=EROM+IROM) was lower on the dominant side compared with the nondominant side in both groups (P<0.001). Males were generally stronger than females in all strength measurements except for IR on the dominant side (P<0.01). In females, IR dominant side strength was greater compared with IR on the nondominant side (P<0.05). TROM was reduced on the dominant side compared with the nondominant side in young elite badminton players, irrespective of gender. No rotational strength differences existed between the dominant and nondominant side in male players, but in female players a higher IR strength on the dominant side was not balanced by a higher ER strength.
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| 3. |
- Moseholm, E., et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial health in pregnancy and postpartum among women living with-and without HIV and non-pregnant women living with HIV living in the Nordic countries - Results from a longitudinal survey study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The success of antiretroviral therapy has normalized pregnancy among women living with HIV (WWH) with a very low risk of perinatal transmission of HIV. Despite these advances, WWH still face complex medical and psychosocial issues during pregnancy and postpartum. The aim of this study was to assess differences in psychosocial health outcomes between pregnant WWH, non-pregnant WWH, and pregnant women without HIV, and further identify factors associated with probable depression in the third trimester and postpartum. Methods In a longitudinal survey study, participants were included from sites in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden during 2019-2020. Data was collected in the 3rd trimester, 3 and 6 months postpartum using standardized questionnaires assessing depression, perceived stress, loneliness, and social support. Mixed regression models were used to assess changes over time within and between groups. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with depression in pregnancy and postpartum. Results A total of 47 pregnant WWH, 75 non-pregnant WWH, and 147 pregnant women without HIV were included. The prevalence of depression was high among both pregnant and non-pregnant WWH. There was no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant WWH in depression scores, perceived stress scores, or social support scores at any time point. Compared to pregnant women without HIV, pregnant WWH reported worse outcomes on all psychosocial scales. Social support and loneliness were associated with an increased odds of depressive symptoms in the adjusted analysis. Conclusions A high burden of adverse psychosocial outcomes was observed in both pregnant and non-pregnant women living with HIV compared to pregnant women without HIV. Loneliness and inadequate social support were associated with increased odds of depression in pregnancy and should be a focus in future support interventions.
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| 4. |
- Moseholm, E., et al.
(författare)
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The experience of pregnancy among women living with HIV in Nordic countries: A qualitative narrative enquiry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Womens Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1745-5057 .- 1745-5065. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The success of antiretroviral therapy has resulted in the normalization of pregnancy among women living with HIV and a very low risk of perinatal transmission of HIV. Despite these advances, women living with HIV still face complex medical and psychosocial issues during pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to describe experiences of pregnancy and the relevance of social support among women living with HIV in Nordic countries. Methods: This qualitative study examined data from pregnant women living with HIV from sites in Denmark, Sweden and Finland from 2019 to 2020. Data were collected in the third trimester via individual interviews using a hybrid, narrative/semistructured format. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using narrative thematic analysis. Results: In total, 31 women living with HIV were enrolled, of whom 61% originated from an African country and 29% from a Nordic country. The analysis generated four primary narrative themes: just a normal pregnancy, unique considerations and concerns, interactions with healthcare, and social support. Women living with HIV have a strong desire to have normal pregnancies and to be treated like any other pregnant woman. However, this normality is fragile, and being pregnant and living with HIV does come with unique considerations and concerns, such as fear of transmission, antiretroviral therapy, and the need for specialized care, which are fundamental to the women's experiences. Interactions with healthcare providers and social support influence their experiences in both positive and negative ways. Conclusion: The findings emphasize a sense of normality in pregnancy among women living with HIV. However, pregnancy does come with unique considerations and concerns, which highly influence the women's experience of pregnancy. Healthcare providers should focus on person-centered care, ensuring continuity and that women living with HIV do not feel discriminated against throughout their pregnancy.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Storgaard, H, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin signal transduction in skeletal muscle from glucose-intolerant relatives of type 2 diabetic patients [corrected]
- 2001
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 50:12, s. 2770-2778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine whether defects in the insulin signal transduction cascade are present in skeletal muscle from prediabetic individuals, we excised biopsies from eight glucose-intolerant male first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes (IGT relatives) and nine matched control subjects before and during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. IGT relatives were insulin-resistant in oxidative and nonoxidative pathways for glucose metabolism. In vivo insulin infusion increased skeletal muscle insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation (P = 0.01) and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinsase) activity (phosphotyrosine and IRS-1 associated) in control subjects (P < 0.02) but not in IGT relatives (NS). The incremental increase in insulin action on IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation was lower in IGT relatives versus control subjects (P < 0.05). The incremental defects in signal transduction noted for IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase may be attributed to elevated basal phosphorylation/activity of these parameters, because absolute phosphorylation/activity under insulin-stimulated conditions was similar between IGT relatives and control subjects. Insulin increased Akt serine phosphorylation in control subjects and IGT relatives, with a tendency for reduced phosphorylation in IGT relatives (P = 0.12). In conclusion, aberrant phosphorylation/activity of IRS-1, PI 3-kinase, and Akt is observed in skeletal muscle from relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes with IGT. However, the elevated basal activity of these signaling intermediates and the lack of a strong correlation between these parameters to glucose metabolism suggests that other defects of insulin signal transduction and/or downstream components of glucose metabolism may play a greater role in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle from relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Storgaard, M., et al.
(författare)
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Obstetric and neonatal complications in pregnancies conceived after oocyte donation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bjog-an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328. ; 124:4, s. 561-572
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Approximately 50 000 oocyte donation OD) treatment cycles are now performed annually in Europe and the US. Objectives To ascertain whether the risk of adverse obstetric and perinatal/neonatal outcomes is higher in pregnancies conceived by OD than in pregnancies conceived by conventional in-vitro fertilisation IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI) or spontaneously. Search Strategy A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases from 1982-2016. Primary outcomes were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia PE), gestational diabetes mellitus, postpartum haemorrhage, caesarean section, preterm birth, low birthweight and small for gestational age. Selection criteria Inclusion criteria were original studies including at least five OD pregnancies with a control group of pregnancies conceived by conventional IVF/ICSI or spontaneous conception, and case series with > 500 cases reporting one or more of the selected complications. Studies not adjusting for plurality were excluded. Data collection and analysis Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analyses. Main results For OD pregnancies versus conventional IVF/ ICSI pregnancies the risk of PE was adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.11 (95% CI, 1.42-3.15) in singleton and AOR 3.31 (95% CI, 1.616.80) in multiple pregnancies. The risks of preterm birth and low birthweight in singletons were AOR 1.75 (95% CI, 1.39-2.20) and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.16-2.01), respectively. Conclusions OD conceptions are associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. To avoid the additional increase in risk from multiplicity, single-embryo transfer should be the choice of option in OD cycles.
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