| 1. |
- Eriksson, Jan W., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrochlorothiazide, but not Candesartan, aggravates insulin resistance and causes visceral and hepatic fat accumulation : the mechanisms for the diabetes preventing effect of Candesartan (MEDICA) Study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - : American Heart Association. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 52:6, s. 1030-1037
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment with angiotensin II receptor blockers is associated with lower risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with thiazide diuretics. The Mechanisms for the Diabetes Preventing Effect of Candesartan Study addressed insulin action and secretion and body fat distribution after treatment with candesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, and placebo. Twenty-six nondiabetic, abdominally obese, hypertensive patients were included in a multicenter 3-way crossover trial, and 22 completers (by predefined criteria; 10 men and 12 women) were included in the analyses. They underwent 12-week treatment periods with candesartan (C; 16 to 32 mg), hydrochlorothiazide (H; 25 to 50 mg), and placebo (P), respectively, and the treatment order was randomly assigned and double blinded. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (56 mU/m(2) per minute) clamps were performed. Intrahepatic and intramyocellular and extramyocellular lipid content and subcutaneous and visceral abdominal adipose tissue were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI. Insulin sensitivity (M-value) was reduced following H versus C and P (6.07+/-2.05, 6.63+/-2.04, and 6.90+/-2.10 mg/kg of body weight per minute, mean+/-SD; P
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| 2. |
- Gad, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 508:7495, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in reactive oxygen species production, damaging both DNA and free dNTPs. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to prevent incorporation of damaged bases during DNA replication. Although MTH1 is non-essential in normal cells, we show that cancer cells require MTH1 activity to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. We validate MTH1 as an anticancer target in vivo and describe small molecules TH287 and TH588 as first-in-class nudix hydrolase family inhibitors that potently and selectively engage and inhibit the MTH1 protein in cells. Protein co-crystal structures demonstrate that the inhibitors bindin the active site of MTH1. The inhibitors cause incorporation of oxidized dNTPs in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived mouse xenografts. This study exemplifies the non-oncogene addiction concept for anticancer treatment and validates MTH1 as being cancer phenotypic lethal.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral Activation vs. Physical Exercise in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depression
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite their potential as low-threshold, low-cost and high-flexibility treatments of depression, behavioral activation and physical exercise have not yet been directly compared. This study has examined the effects of these interventions, administered via the Internet. In this randomized controlled trial a total of 312 participants meeting the diagnostic criteria for mild to moderate major depression, recruited in multiple cycles and randomized to either a waiting list control group with delayed treatment, or one of the four active treatment groups: (1) physical exercise without a clear psychological treatment rationale; (2) physical exercise with a psychological treatment rationale; (3) behavioral activation a la Lewinsohn; or (4) behavioral activation a la Martel. A total of 72% were women and the average age of the participants were M=42.3 years (SD=13,5). More than half (53,9%) had a history of previous psychological treatment. Primary outcome measure was the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Assessments were made on a weekly basis for the full duration of the acute treatment which was 12 weeks. The preliminary results are in line with previous online studies showing that all active treatment groups were superior to the waitlist (large effect sizes) and that only minor differences could be identified between the four active groups (large within effect sizes). At the time of the conference 6-month follow-up data will be available in addition to the already collected post-assessment data (analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle).
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| 5. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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The effects on depression of Internet-administered behavioural activation and physical exercise with treatment rationale and relapse prevention : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- 2013
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 14, s. 35-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite their potential as low-threshold, low-cost and high-flexibility treatments of depression, behavioural activation and physical exercise have not yet been directly compared. This study will examine the effects of these interventions, administered via the Internet. The added effect of providing a treatment rationale will also be studied, as well as a relapse prevention program featuring cognitive behavioural therapy components.Methods/Design: This randomised controlled trial will include 500 participants meeting the diagnostic criteria for major depression, recruited in multiple cycles and randomised to either a waiting list control group with delayed treatment, or one of the four treatment groups: (1) physical exercise without a clear treatment rationale; (2) physical exercise with treatment rationale; (3) behavioural activation with treatment rationale; or (4) behavioural activation without a clear treatment rationale. Post treatment, half of the participants will be offered a relapse prevention program. Primary outcome measure will be the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item. Secondary measures include diagnostic criteria for depression, as well as self-reported anxiety, physical activity and quality of life. Measurements - done via telephone and the Internet - will be collected pre-treatment, weekly during treatment period, immediately post treatment and then monthly during a 24-month follow-up period.Discussion: The results of this study will constitute an important contribution to the body of knowledge of the respective interventions. Limitations are discussed.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Jerdén, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Personal health documents in school health education : A feasibility study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:6, s. 662-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To examine the feasibility of a school intervention using a personal health document adapted for adolescents. Methods: The health document was developed in close cooperation with groups of adolescents and tested among seventh-grade students at two junior high schools (n=339). The document was presented to the students by their regular teachers. For evaluation, an adolescent questionnaire was used at baseline and after one year. Results: After one year, 87% of adolescents reported having written in the health document, and 77% reported having had classes with discussions on subjects in the document. The health document was perceived as useful by 35% of the adolescents. Factors significantly related to personal usefulness were being born outside Sweden, experiencing fair treatment by teachers, being a nonsmoker, and having a positive school experience. Conclusions: Implementation of a personal health document in junior high-school health education was feasible and well accepted.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Strøm, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of EVAR Competence : Validity of a Novel Rating Scale (EVARATE) in a Simulated Setting
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884. ; 56:1, s. 137-144
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the validity evidence for a novel procedure specific assessment tool of competence in endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) and to establish a pass/fail level for the assessment. Methods: Computed tomography angiography data of a 55 mm in diameter infrarenal aortic aneurysm was implemented into an endovascular simulator. Twenty-three physicians with varying EVAR experiences were video-recorded when performing a standard EVAR procedure on the simulator. Two experienced EVAR operators assessed the participants using the novel rating scale, “EndoVascular Aortic Repair Assessment of Technical Expertise” (EVARATE). Validity was studied according to the framework endorsed by the American Educational Research Association. Results: The EVARATE scale had a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha =.90). The inter-rater reliability was acceptable (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient =.68, p =.005). Specific EVAR experience correlated significantly with the EVARATE score (Spearman's rho =.62, p =.002), but general endovascular experience did not. Consequence analysis showed that the EVARATE assessment could distinguish novices from intermediates (p <.01) and from experts (p <.001). A pass/fail score was determined using the contrasting groups’ method. Conclusion: This paper presents the initial validity evidence for a novel procedure specific assessment tool, EVARATE, for operator competence in endovascular aortic repair investigated in a simulated setting. The assessment tool can be used to provide structured formative feedback to trainees.
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| 10. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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The IceCube Neutrino Observatory : instrumentation and online systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer-scale high-energy neutrino detector built into the ice at the South Pole. Construction of IceCube, the largest neutrino detector built to date, was completed in 2011 and enabled the discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. We describe here the design, production, and calibration of the IceCube digital optical module (DOM), the cable systems, computing hardware, and our methodology for drilling and deployment. We also describe the online triggering and data filtering systems that select candidate neutrino and cosmic ray events for analysis. Due to a rigorous pre-deployment protocol, 98.4% of the DOMs in the deep ice are operating and collecting data. IceCube routinely achieves a detector uptime of 99% by emphasizing software stability and monitoring. Detector operations have been stable since construction was completed, and the detector is expected to operate at least until the end of the next decade.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Domiciliary liquid oxygen versus concentrator treatment in chronic hypoxaemia: a cost-utility analysis
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - 1399-3003. ; 12:6, s. 1284-1289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) improves quality of life in chronic hypoxaemia has been questioned. LTOT with an oxygen concentrator (C/C) and gas cylinders for ambulation is considered cumbersome compared to mobile liquid oxygen equipment (L). The hypothesis for this study was that LTOT with liquid oxygen treatment (L) improves patients' health-related quality of life, but that it is also more expensive compared to concentrator (C/C) treatment. A prospective, randomized multicentre trial comparing C/C with L for LTOT was conducted during a six-month period. Fifty-one patients (29 on L and 22 on C/C) with chronic hypoxaemia, regularly active outside the home, participated in the study initially. Costs for oxygen were obtained from the pharmacies. Patient diaries and telephone contacts with members of the healthcare sector were used to estimate costs. Health-related quality of life was measured by the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and the EuroQol, instruments at the start and after 6 months. The average total cost per patient for group C/C for the six-month period was US$1,310, and for group L it was US$4,950. Health-related quality of life measured by the SIP instrument showed significant differences in favour of group L in the categories/dimensions of physical function, body care, ambulation, social interaction and total SIP score. In conclusion, liquid-oxygen treatment was more expensive compared to concentrator treatment. However, treatment effects showed that liquid oxygen had a better impact on quality of life.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Are coping strategies really useful for the tinnitus patient? An investigation conducted via the internet
- 2004
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Ingår i: Audiological Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-386X .- 1651-3835. ; 2:1, s. 54-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This questionnaire study investigated the role of coping strategies in tinnitus. The Tinnitus Coping Strategy Questionnaire (12) was administered via the internet to a sample of 157 persons with tinnitus who were recruited for participation in a treatment trial. Also included were the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results showed a significant positive correlation between use of coping strategies and tinnitus distress, even when controlling for anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety and depression levels in a multiple regression analysis. In line with previous studies, the role of coping strategies is not uniformly positive for tinnitus patients, and might even be associated with increased distress. Treatment implications are discussed and a possible role of acceptance strategies is put forward.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a new approach to guided self-help via the Internet : The Swedish experience
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of technology in human services. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-8835 .- 1522-8991. ; 26:2-4, s. 161-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the development and empirical status of guided Internet-delivered self-help. The treatment approach combines the benefits of bibliotherapy with book-length text materials and the support given online via web pages and e-mail. Interactive features such as online registrations, tests, and online discussion forums are also included. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) guided the research and clinical implementations of this approach, as it lends itself more easily to the self-help format compared with other presently available psychotherapy approaches. We include an overview of the research, current issues and research in service delivery, lessons learned through a program of research, and directions for future investigations
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Screening of psychiatric disorders via the Internet. A pilot study with tinnitus patients
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 58:4, s. 287-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tinnitus has been associated with psychiatric disorders and more recently diagnostic tools have been used in a systematic manner. In the present study, we administered the World Health Organisation's Composite International Diagnostic Interview - Short form (CIDI-SF) in a computerized Internet-based version to a self-selected sample of tinnitus patients (n=48). Using the cut-off for 'probable case' (12-month prevalence), 69% of the tinnitus patients fulfilled the criteria for depression, 60% for generalized anxiety disorder, 83% for specific phobia, 67% for social phobia, 58% for agoraphobia, 21% panic attack, 83% obsessive - compulsive disorder, 2% alcohol dependence and 0% drug dependence. Decreased percentages were found for depression (4%), specific phobia (62%) and social phobia (27%) when applying a more conservative criteria (maximum case criteria). In conclusion, the findings suggest that the Internet version of CIDI-SF can be used as a screening tool for psychiatric disturbance in somatic patients, but that diagnostic criteria need to be adjusted for Internet use.
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| 18. |
- Andersson Höök, Lars, et al.
(creator_code:cre_t)
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Vältalighetens dubbla ansikte : Två svenska 1600-talsorationer om talekonstens politiska användning: Text – kontext – intertext. Inledning Nils Ekedahl. Textinledning, utgåva och översättning Annika Ström
- 2023. - 1
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Här presenteras två latinska orationer, hållna i Uppsala 1654. I centrum för dem står retorikens användbarhet som politiskt redskap. Tillsammans skildrar de en talekonst med dubbelt ansikte: medan den ena orationen utmålar retoriken som en försåtlig manipulationskonst framställer den andra den som fundamentet för varje civiliserat samhälle. Var retoriken ond eller god? Något entydigt svar ger inte orationerna.Vad som gör orationerna märkliga är att de kan läsas som inlägg i den politiska strid som i det fördolda rasade just vid denna tid, nämligen den nye svenske kungen Karl X Gustavs planer på att starta krig mot Polen. Samtidigt som orationerna demonstrerar renässansens syn på retoriken som politiskt verktyg ger de oväntade inblickar i tidens politiska opinionsbildning.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Pehr, et al.
(författare)
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Working memory and virtual endoscopy simulation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual conference of the cognitive science society. - Mahwah : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. - 9780805854640 ; , s. 1519-1519
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
- Athley, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical retention - Influence of filler floc size and grammage of the fibre web
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 27:2, s. 202-207
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An investigation of the impact of particle size on the mechanical retention of particles in a fibre network has been conducted. The particles used were five sets of quartz particle fractions having fairly narrow particle size distributions with average particle size ranging from a few μm to around 100 μm. The particles were used to model flocculated filler aggregates as part of a larger study of the effect of pre-flocculation on mechanical retention. Pre-flocculation of the filler is a possible strategy to increase the filler content of paper without deterioration of strength properties. A modified laboratory hand sheet former, known as the Rapid Drainage Device (RDD) was used. The major modification consisted of a long pipe that acted as a suction leg, which provides a dewatering vacuum at the same level as on a paper machine. The experimental results showed that mechanical filler retention increased linearly with particle size and grammage of the fibre layer above a critical grammage which depended on particle size. The linear relation was also seen in a pilot scale trial on the FEX pilot-paper machine at Innventia. During this trial fine paper was produced using pre-flocculated filler where the mean particle size of the flocs and fibres was measured in the flow to the headbox. The results from this pilot trial show that mechanical retention is an important part of the total filler retention. Drainage time and therefore drainage resistance increased with the grammage of the fibre layer and amount of quartz particle added. Drainage time, compared at total grammage (i.e. the sum of fibre and quartz particle grammage) was lowest for a fraction of medium-sized particles, with a median size of 35 μm. There was no obvious effect on retention or drainage resistance of a change in the dewatering pressure from 27.5 to 41.5 kPa.
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| 21. |
- Athley, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing the benefit of retention chemicals
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pre-flocculation of filler has been tested as a concept for improving the retention of filler and the strength properties of the sheet. The impact of the size of the filler floes on the mechanical retentionin a fibre network was investigated using a modified laboratory hand sheet former. The mechanical retention was found to increase linearly with both particle size and grammage of the fibre web. These results were confirmed in a full scale production trial on the FEX pilot paper machine at Innventia. Here different filler floe sizes were created through different chemical pre-flocculation strategies. The particle size in the flow to the headbox was measured with FBRM, and a linear relation between particle size and filler retention was found. Corresponding linear relation was seen in a pilot trial when adding filler and retention aid conventionally. This implies that mechanical retention constitute an important part of the filler retention not only upon pre-flocculation but also with conventional addition of filler and retention aid. Thus, the particle size before the headbox can be a good indicator of the retention level. For the conventional application of a two component retention aid system, the increased filler retention correlated to impaired formation and decreased sheet strength. On the contrary, pre-flocculation led to an increase in both sheet strength and filler retention, demonstrating the advantage of pre-flocculating filler.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for good practice on voltage quality monitoring
- 2013
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Ingår i: 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013). - Red Hook, NY : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781849197328
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Guidelines are given for setting up and running a voltage quality monitoring programme. These guidelines are published jointly by CEER and ECRB and contain among others recommendations on the number and location of monitors, on disturbances to be monitored and indices to be calculated, on reporting of the results and on financing of the programme. It is concluded that voltage quality monitoring programs are important tools for voltage quality regulation and that all other possible applications should be kept in mind when setting up such a programme. It is also concluded that such programmes should be funded through the network tariffs; that the results should be made available regularly and that diversification of indices and methods is to be avoided.
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| 24. |
- Bondelind, Mia, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Eulerian modelling of the formation and flow of aggregates in dissolved air flotation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the conference on Modelling Fluid Flow, Budapest Hungary 2012. - 9789630845878 ; 2, s. 650-657
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) is a well-established process within the drinking water treatment community. The process is driven by density differences caused by injection of air bubbles into the main water flow. Particulate matter in the water is flocculated into larger particles (termed flocs). The water, together with flocs, is thereafter mixed with the injected air bubbles. Buoyant aggregates are formed by adhesion of bubbles to the flocs. The aggregates rise to the surface of the unit where they are removed from the water phase. The objective of this paper is to conduct simulations of fluid dynamics of a DAF unit, with a specific aim to capture the formation and flow of aggregates. For that purpose, a model has been developed that explains the mechanisms that lead to creation of aggregates and results in estimation of their size. Details on the implementation of the aggregation model into an Eulerian framework are given in the paper. We show in the paper that the modelling framework can describe the dynamics of flotation by capturing the formation, change in size and movements of the aggregates through the contact zone of a pilot DAF unit as a function of the properties of the flocs.
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| 25. |
- Bondelind, Mia, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of formation and flow of aggregates in Dissolved Air Flotation: Comparison between 2D and 3D
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Multiphase Flow 2013 (ICMF2013), Jeju, South Korea.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a framework is proposed for capturing the flow and formation of aggregates in Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF). DAF is a well-established process within the drinking water treatment community. The process is driven by density differences caused by injection of air bubbles into the main water flow. By adhesion of bubbles to solid particles (to be removed from the water) buoyant aggregates are formed. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a modelling framework, with a specific aim to capture the formation and flow of these aggregates in two- and three-dimensional computational setups. For that purpose, a model has been developed that explains the mechanisms that lead to creation of aggregates and results in estimation of their size. Details on the implementation of the aggregation model into an Eulerian framework are given in the paper. We show here that the modelling framework can describe the dynamics of flotation by capturing the formation, change in size and movements of the aggregates through a pilot DAF unit as a function of the properties of the flocs. The differences between a two- and a three-dimensional setup, in terms of the predicted aggregate sizes, are investigated. The framework is demonstrated to be applicable for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional computational setups.
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| 26. |
- Buhrman, Monica, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Controlled trial of Internet-based treatment with telephone support for chronic back pain
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 111:3, s. 368-377
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an Internet-based cognitive-behavioral intervention with telephone support for chronic back pain. Participants who met the criteria for chronic back pain (N=56) were randomly assigned to either an Internet-based cognitive behavioral self-help treatment or to a waiting-list control condition. The study period lasted 8 weeks and consisted of 1 week of self-monitoring prior to the intervention, 6 weeks of intervention, and 1 week of post-intervention assessment. Treatment consisted of education, cognitive skill acquisition, behavioral rehearsal, generalization and maintenance. The dropout rate was 9% (N=5). Results showed statistically significant improvements in catastrophizing, control over pain and ability to decrease pain. Some improvement was found in both the control group and the treatment group. A follow-up of 3 months after treatment termination was completed in 92% (N=47) of the participants who completed the treatment intervention. Follow-up results showed that some improvement was maintained. Findings indicate that Internet-based self-help with telephone support, based on established psychological treatment methods, holds promise as an effective approach for treating disability in association with pain.
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| 27. |
- Buhrman, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Guided internet-based cognitive behavioural treatment for chronic back pain reduces pain catastrophizing : a randomized controlled trial
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 43:6, s. 500-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether an Internet-based cognitive behavioural intervention would have an effect on the symptoms of chronic back pain. Design: Experimental design with a treatment group and a control group measured before and after a treatment period. Subjects: Participants who met the criteria for chronic back pain (n = 54). Methods: All participants were screened in a live, structured interview before inclusion. The study period was 12 weeks and the treatment consisted of education, cognitive skills acquisition, behavioural rehearsal, generalization and maintenance. The main outcome of interest was the catastrophizing subscale of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Results: There were statistically significant reductions from pre- to post-treatment in catastrophizing in the treatment group, and an improvement in quality of life for the treatment group. However, most outcome measures did not indicate a positive treatment outcome. On a scale measuring pain catastrophizing, 58% (15/26) of the treated participants showed reliable improvement, compared with 18% (5/28) of the control group. Conclusion: Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy can serve as a complement for individuals with chronic pain who prefer this treatment and have difficulties accessing specialist treatment facilities.
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| 28. |
- Chavez, Zuhara, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Tools and Information Needs Assessment for Efficient Deviation Handling in SMEs
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering at SPS2020. - : IOS Press BV. - 9781614994398 ; , s. 24-35
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a time of change focusing on the application of technology, there is a high risk of underestimating the compliance of internal needs and adaption to context. The research study employs a qualitative approach using the case study methodology. The source of data comes from five different manufacturing companies categorized as Small to Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs). A multidisciplinary team performed semi-structured interviews and fieldwork at each site, along with regular online meetings with the partners. The study employs five dimensions of the information quality perspective to assess information utilized to support deviation handling and connects the information quality deficiencies to the digital tools' impact. The empirical findings indicate the need for the companies to perform a requirement analysis of information needs before the adoption of digital systems or digital tools, to assess their current state in terms of data and information. The paper discusses the impact digital tools may have on deviation management in SMEs and under which circumstances digital tools could improve deviation management. Lastly, this paper intends to shed light on the utilization of digital technologies for disturbance handling on the production shop floor. © 2020 The authors
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| 29. |
- Davidsson, Lars, 1974-
(författare)
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I linje med partiet? : Maktspel och lojalitet i den svenska riksdagen
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The preconditions for Swedish MPs’ (Members of Parliament) loyalty to their parliamentary party groups have been modified by two recent constitutional changes: the introduction of preference voting in the electoral system in 1998, and the 1997 reorganisation of the national budgetary process. The main purpose of this thesis is to determine the impact of these reforms on Swedish MPs’ inclination to defect from their party group’s interests. A theory is developed and its propositions empirically tested on the case of the Swedish Parliament. The theory states that the tasks of forming and upholding the party line are delegated from the party group to an elected leadership, and then re-delegated back to individual MPs. The party group leadership acts as a principal, monitoring the adherence of MPs as agents to party group interests in the fulfilment of these tasks. The nature of the interaction varies with the type of parliamentary activity, and the monitoring capacity of the leadership. This theory is strongly supported by Swedish data, and a comparative overview indicates that the theory may also be useful for analysing party loyalty in other parliamentary systems.The thesis uses a mixed methodology design, combining data from a survey study, an interview study, and a document study of Private Member Initiatives.The preference vote reform has increased MPs' willingness to defect, as well as actual defections from their party group’s interests. The effect is, however, mainly limited to electorally vulnerable MPs, who after the reform need to build a personal political profile. The budget reform has decreased defection on budgetary issues, but from a fairly low starting level. A third effect on party loyalty is found, in that the youngest generation MPs are significantly more prone to defect than their colleagues of older generations.
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| 30. |
- Edgren, Aina, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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High temperature compression of Mo(Si,Al)2-Al2O3 composites
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 865
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on high temperature of mechanical properties of adding Al2O3 particles to polycrystalline Mo(Si,Al)2. Mo(Si,Al)2-Al2O3 composites, containing 0–25 wt% Al2O3 particles have been compression tested at 1300 °C, and the microstructure after deformation was studied using electron backscatter diffraction. It was shown that even small amounts (5 wt%) of Al2O3 particles resulted in a grain-refined material through inhibition of grain growth during sintering, which lead to lower flow stresses compared to the coarse-grained Al2O3-free material. The inverse grain size effect and post-test microstructure investigations suggest that creep-like deformation mechanisms dominate in fine grained Mo(Si,Al)2-Al2O3 composites at 1300 °C. In the materials containing 5–15 wt% Al2O3, the maximum stress decreased with increasing Al2O3 content. In materials with higher Al2O3 additions, the maximum stress increased with the Al2O3 addition, but did not reach the strength levels in the Al2O3-free reference material. It is suggested that the deformation behaviour is affected by electroplasticity effects as resistive heating was used. Electroplasticity contributes to the decrease in maximum stress observed in the lower Al2O3 containing materials, while this is outweighed by particle strengthening at higher Al2O3 contents.
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| 31. |
- Edgren, Aina, et al.
(författare)
-
High temperature deformation of polycrystalline C40 Mo(Si,Al)2
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 849
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycrystalline Mo(Si,Al) with C40 crystal structure was deformed in compression with a strain rate of 10−4 s−1 at 1300 °C. The specimens were deformed to a strain of 10%–15% and showed maximum stresses around 150 MPa prior to pronounced softening. No crack formation or significant increase in porosity could be observed. Post-test microstructure analysis revealed that the material was inhomogeneously deformed on both inter- and intragranular levels. Dynamic recrystallization occurred alongside low angle grain boundary formation in highly deformed grains. Furthermore, complex intragranular deformation fields suggest that slip systems other than ⟨2̄1̄10⟩ [0001] may be active during deformation.
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| 32. |
- Egevad, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Interobserver reproducibility of perineural invasion of prostatic adenocarcinoma in needle biopsies
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Virchows Archiv. - : Springer Nature. - 0945-6317 .- 1432-2307. ; 478:6, s. 1109-1116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous studies have shown a correlation between perineural invasion (PNI) in prostate biopsies and outcome. The reporting of PNI varies widely in the literature. While the interobserver variability of prostate cancer grading has been studied extensively, less is known regarding the reproducibility of PNI. A total of 212 biopsy cores from a population-based screening trial were included in this study (106 with and 106 without PNI according to the original pathology reports). The glass slides were scanned and circulated among four pathologists with a special interest in urological pathology for assessment of PNI. Discordant cases were stained by immunohistochemistry for S-100 protein. PNI was diagnosed by all four observers in 34.0% of cases, while 41.5% were considered to be negative for PNI. In 24.5% of cases, there was a disagreement between the observers. The kappa for interobserver variability was 0.67-0.75 (mean 0.73). The observations from one participant were compared with data from the original reports, and a kappa for intraobserver variability of 0.87 was achieved. Based on immunohistochemical findings among discordant cases, 88.6% had PNI while 11.4% did not. The most common diagnostic pitfall was the presence of bundles of stroma or smooth muscle. It was noted in a few cases that collagenous micronodules could be mistaken for a nerve. The distance between cancer and nerve was another cause of disagreement. Although the results suggest that the reproducibility of PNI may be greater than that of prostate cancer grading, there is still a need for improvement and standardization.
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| 33. |
- Ehn, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
SALUTOGEN : User-center development and prototype testing of a system supporting seniors’ physical activity for fall prevention
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Physical activity (PA) can contribute to fall prevention among seniors. Many seniors need to increase their PA and regularly perform balance-enhancing activities. Changing behavior is often challenging, especially long-term. Therefore, support for change and long-term maintenance of PA behavior contributing to fall prevention is essential. Technology-based applications are widely exploited to support PA but do not match seniors’ needs. Therefore, new solutions are needed that support seniors’ PA for fall prevention leveraging theory for behavioral change and the specific target user’ needs.Aim, Method:SALUTOGEN is a research and innovation project aiming to develop and test a system prototype of technology-based motivation support for seniors’ PA including balance training. The developed technology includes apps for tablet and mobile phone that together provide seniors with motivation support for PA, activity measurement and video-coaching. The project is based on iterative user-centered methodology including: development of needed app components; evaluation of single apps and their integration; pilot feasibility evaluation with seniors and coaches in real world settings. Results:Valuable feedback from seniors was collected and used in the iterative development, especially from the motivation support perspective. The evaluation showed that the apps must be very intuitive and easy to understand. Preliminary results from the on-going pilot evaluation indicate that the coaching is highly appreciated by seniors and coaches. Moreover, the seniors’ and coaches’ experience in using the technology highly depends on the technology’s usability and reliability. Conclusions:Technology-based interventions can play an important role in supporting seniors’ PA for fall prevention. Results from the project indicate that solution’s key elements are perceived important and appreciated by seniors and coaches. However, it is crucial for the users that the technical applications are light, intuitive and robust.
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| 34. |
- Eide, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Mixed Reality : to apply for “urgent education/performance” or for rehearsal only?
- 2009
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Swedish Armed Forces are in a new suit concerning peacekeeping missions abroad. In the future the Forces may have less Medical specialists that are conducive to the use of more Technical supporting system. Here we suggest a Mixed Reality supporting system for convoluted medicine technical performance. Mixed Reality involves the merging of real and virtual worlds. The user utilizes a head mounted or a handheld visual display presenting texts, virtual objects, animation sequences, audio and environmental features as incorporated into the real environments. Summary of work: We conducted an evaluation study in which ten participants used Mixed Reality technology, compared to written instructions with a picture as support for executing tasks. The tasks were to perform the procedures of ”power up” and to unitize a ventilator circuit assembly for the LSTAT® (Life Support for Trauma And Transport, a Platform for medical evacuation of a patient/wounded soldier.) Summary of results: The Mixed Reality technology was in general considered beneficial and there were favourable reactions in these tasks, compared to the written instructions.
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| 35. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
GWAS for autoimmune Addison’s disease identifies multiple risk loci and highlights AIRE in disease susceptibility
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex. Low prevalence and complex inheritance have long hindered successful genetic studies. We here report the first genome-wide association study on AAD, which identifies nine independent risk loci (P < 5 × 10-8). In addition to loci implicated in lymphocyte function and development shared with other autoimmune diseases such as HLA, BACH2, PTPN22 and CTLA4, we associate two protein-coding alterations in Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) with AAD. The strongest, p.R471C (rs74203920, OR = 3.4 (2.7-4.3), P = 9.0 × 10-25) introduces an additional cysteine residue in the zinc-finger motif of the second PHD domain of the AIRE protein. This unbiased elucidation of the genetic contribution to development of AAD points to the importance of central immunological tolerance, and explains 35-41% of heritability (h2).
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| 36. |
- Esmaily, Mohsen, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Corrosion behavior of alloy AM50 in semi-solid cast and high pressure die cast states in cyclic conditions
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Corrosion. - : Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP). - 0010-9312 .- 1938-159X. ; 71:6, s. 737-748
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The atmospheric corrosion behavior of the Mg-Al alloy AM50 produced by high pressure die casting (HPDC) and a semi-solid metal (SSM) technique was studied under alternating wet-dry conditions for up to 672 hours. The alloy AM50 in the SSC state was fabricated using rheocasting (RC) technique in which the slurry was prepared by the newly developed RheoMetal process. To simulate the real-world atmospheric environment, the exposure program included a 6 hour wet phase (including rain with 0.5 % NaCl), a 2.5 hours transition phase followed by a 15.5 hours dry phase at 50°C and 70% relative humidity (RH). The results showed that the RC alloy was substantially less prone to corrosion than the HPDC material in the cyclic wet/dry atmosphere. Based on the gravimetric results and microstructural characterization studies, this was attributed to a lower fraction of porosity and to the barrier role of β phase particles in the RC.
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| 37. |
- Faxälv, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Putting polyphosphates to the test: evidence against platelet-induced activation of factor XII
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Blood. - Washington, USA : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 122:23, s. 3818-3824
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent claim that stimulated platelets activate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation by the release of polyphosphates has been considered a breakthrough in hemostasis research. In little more than 3 years, the original publication by Muller et al has been cited greater than100 times. However, none of the citing articles has sought to independently validate this potentially paradigm-shifting concept. To this end, we performed extensive experimentation in vitro and in vivo in an attempt to verify the claim that factor XII (FXII) is primarily activated by stimulated platelets. In contrast to the original assertion, platelet-derived polyphosphates were found to be weak activators of FXII, with a FXIIa-generating activity of less than10% compared with equivalent concentrations of kaolin. Using different coagulation assays, it was shown that platelet contribution to whole blood coagulation was unrelated to the generation of activated FXII in vitro. Additionally, key results used to verify the hypothesis in the original study in vivo were found to be irreproducible. We conclude that platelet-derived polyphosphates are not physiologically relevant activators of FXII.
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| 38. |
- Fogden, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
-
Fokus på ytan
- 2004
-
Ingår i: SPCI Sv. Papperstidning nr 12/2004.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 39. |
- Fujita, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation rate on the East Antarctic ice divide between Dome Fuji and EPICA DML
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Cryosphere. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 5:4, s. 1057-1081
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better understand the spatio-temporal variability of the glaciological environment in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, a 2800-km-long Japanese-Swedish traverse was carried out. The route includes ice divides between two ice-coring sites at Dome Fuji and EPICA DML. We determined the surface mass balance (SMB) averaged over various time scales in the late Holocene based on studies of snow pits and firn cores, in addition to radar data. We find that the large-scale distribution of the SMB depends on the surface elevation and continentality, and that the SMB differs between the windward and leeward sides of ice divides for strong-wind events. We suggest that the SMB is highly influenced by interactions between the large-scale surface topography of ice divides and the wind field of strong-wind events that are often associated with high-precipitation events. Local variations in the SMB are governed by the local surface topography, which is influenced by the bedrock topography. In the eastern part of DML, the accumulation rate in the second half of the 20th century is found to be higher by similar to 15% than averages over longer periods of 722 a or 7.9 ka before AD 2008. A similar increasing trend has been reported for many inland plateau sites in Antarctica with the exception of several sites on the leeward side of the ice divides.
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| 40. |
- Gaines, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Six-week follow-up after HIV-1 exposure: a position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 48:2, s. 93-98
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2014 the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV) conducted a review and analysis of the state of knowledge on the duration of follow-up after exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Up until then a follow-up of 12 weeks after exposure had been recommended, but improved tests and new information on early diagnosis motivated a re-evaluation of the national recommendations by experts representing infectious diseases and microbiology, county medical officers, the RAV, the Public Health Agency, and other national authorities. Based on the current state of knowledge the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the RAV recommend, starting in April 2015, a follow-up period of 6 weeks after possible HIV-1 exposure, if HIV testing is performed using laboratory-based combination tests detecting both HIV antibody and antigen. If point-of-care rapid HIV tests are used, a follow-up period of 8 weeks is recommended, because currently available rapid tests have insufficient sensitivity for detection of HIV-1 antigen. A follow-up period of 12 weeks is recommended after a possible exposure for HIV-2, since presently used assays do not include HIV-2 antigens and only limited information is available on the development of HIV antibodies during early HIV-2 infection. If pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis is administered, the follow-up period is recommended to begin after completion of prophylaxis. Even if infection cannot be reliably excluded before the end of the recommended follow-up period, HIV testing should be performed at first contact for persons who seek such testing.
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| 41. |
- Galland, Sylvain, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cellulose nanofibers decorated with magnetic nanoparticles : synthesis, structure and use in magnetized high toughness membranes for a prototype loudspeaker
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - 2050-7526. ; 1:47, s. 7963-7972
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetic nanoparticles are the functional component for magnetic membranes, but they are difficult to disperse and process into tough membranes. Here, cellulose nanofibers are decorated with magnetic ferrite nanoparticles formed in situ which ensures a uniform particle distribution, thereby avoiding the traditional mixing stage with the potential risk of particle agglomeration. The attachment of the particles to the nanofibrils is achieved via aqueous in situ hydrolysis of metal precursors onto the fibrils at temperatures below 100 °C. Metal adsorption and precursor quantification were carried out using Induction Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). FE-SEM was used for high resolution characterization of the decorated nanofibers and hybrid membranes, and TEM was used for nanoparticle size distribution studies. The decorated nanofibers form a hydrocolloid. Large (200 mm diameter) hybrid cellulose/ferrite membranes were prepared by simple filtration and drying of the colloidal suspension. The low-density, flexible and permanently magnetized membranes contain as much as 60 wt% uniformly dispersed nanoparticles (thermogravimetric analysis data). Hysteresis magnetization was measured by a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer; the inorganic phase was characterized by XRD. Membrane mechanical properties were measured in uniaxial tension. An ultrathin prototype loudspeaker was made and its acoustic performance in terms of output sound pressure was characterized. A full spectrum of audible frequencies was resolved.
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| 42. |
|
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| 43. |
- Galland, Sylvain, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Strong and Moldable Cellulose Magnets with High Ferrite Nanoparticle Content
- 2014
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 6:22, s. 20524-20534
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major limitation in the development of highly functional hybrid nanocomposites is brittleness and low tensile strength at high inorganic nanoparticle content. Herein, cellulose nanofibers were extracted from wood and individually decorated with cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles and then for the first time molded at low temperature (<120 degrees C) into magnetic nanocomposites with up to 93 wt % inorganic content. The material structure was characterized by TEM and FE-SEM and mechanically tested as compression molded samples. The obtained porous magnetic sheets were further impregnated with a thermosetting epoxy resin, which improved the load-bearing functions of ferrite and cellulose material. A nanocomposite with 70 wt % ferrite, 20 wt % cellulose nanofibers, and 10 wt % epoxy showed a modulus of 12.6 GPa, a tensile strength of 97 MPa, and a strain at failure of ca. 4%. Magnetic characterization was performed in a vibrating sample magnetometer, which showed that the coercivity was unaffected and that the saturation magnetization was in proportion with the ferrite content. The used ferrite, CoFe2O4 is a magnetically hard material, demonstrated by that the composite material behaved as a traditional permanent magnet. The presented processing route is easily adaptable to prepare millimeter-thick and moldable magnetic objects. This suggests that the processing method has the potential to be scaled-up for industrial use for the preparation of a new subcategory of magnetic, low-cost, and moldable objects based on cellulose nanofibers.
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| 44. |
- Gertsovich, Irina, et al.
(författare)
-
A novel methodology for the interoperability evaluation of an iris segmentation algorithm
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of an iris recognition system depends greatly on how well the iris segmentation part of the system performs its task. The performance of an iris segmentation algorithm can be evaluated using different criteria and methods. Some of the methods evaluate the performance of the segmentation algorithm based on the performance of the whole iris recognition system. Other methods evaluate the performance of an iris segmentation subsystem independent of the performance of the system's other subsystems. To our knowledge there do not exist a generally accepted method or criteria for the evaluation of the standalone iris segmentation subsystem. This paper proposes a novel methodology to compare the performance of different iris segmentation algorithms, applied to different image datasets in a consistent way. The methodology employs the F1 score and an empirical cumulative distribution function. The implementation of the F1 score estimation, adapted to the iris segmentation task is described. Finally the application of the proposed methodology is demonstrated and discussed.
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| 45. |
|
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| 46. |
- Grythe, Henrik, 1980-
(författare)
-
Primary Marine Aerosol : Validation of sea spray source functions using observations and transport modeling
- 2014
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sea spray aerosols (SSA) are an important part of the climate system through their effects on the global radiative budget, both directly as scatterers and absorbers of solar and terrestrial radiation, and indirectly as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) influencing cloud formation, lifetime and precipitation. In terms of their global mass, SSA is the largest source and has the largest uncertainty of all aerosols. In this study I have reviewed 21 SSA source functions from the literature, several of which are used in current climate models, and as a result of this work a new source function is proposed.The model FLEXPART was run in backward mode utilizing a large global set of observed SSA concentrations, comprised of several station networks and ship cruise measurement campaigns. FLEXPART backward calculations produce gridded emission sensitivity fields, which can subsequently be multiplied with gridded SSA production fluxes to obtain modeled SSA concentrations. This allows to efficiently evaluate all 21 source functions at the same time. Another advantage of this method is that source-region information on wind speed and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) could be stored and used for evaluating their influence on SSA production.The main driver of SSA production is wind, and the best fit to the observation data could be obtained when the SSA production is proportional to U103.5. A strong influence of SST on the production could be detected as well, although the underlying physical mechanisms of the SST influence remains unclear. For SST we obtain the best fit to the measurement data when SSA concentration is proportional to 0.031×T+0.39, where T is the source average SST. Based on the model source region average temperature and wind, an empirical fit was made to the data and a new source function obtained. The fit was made by using the model concentrations, observational data, ECMWF winds and the existing source function volume fluxes. Our new source function gives a global SSA production for particles smaller than 10μm of 9Pg yr-1 and is the best fit to the observed concentrations. The existing source functions display the large uncertainties, spanning from a global emitted mass of 1.9 to 100’s of Pg yr-1. Wind dependencies also range strongly and those far from U103.5, have poor correlation with observed values. It is also possible to add temperature dependence to an existing source function to come further towards observed values with the model results. Sea spray aerosols (SSA) are an important part of the climate system through their effects on the global radiative budget, both directly as scatterers and absorbers of solar and terrestrial radiation, and indirectly as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) influencing cloud formation, lifetime and precipitation. In terms of their global mass, SSA is the largest source and has the largest uncertainty of all aerosols. In this study I have reviewed 21 SSA source functions from the literature, several of which are used in current climate models, and as a result of this work a new source function is proposed.The model FLEXPART was run in backward mode utilizing a large global set of observed SSA concentrations, comprised of several station networks and ship cruise measurement campaigns. FLEXPART backward calculations produce gridded emission sensitivity fields, which can subsequently be multiplied with gridded SSA production fluxes to obtain modeled SSA concentrations. This allows to efficiently evaluate all 21 source functions at the same time. Another advantage of this method is that source-region information on wind speed and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) could be stored and used for evaluating their influence on SSA production.The main driver of SSA production is wind, and the best fit to the observation data could be obtained when the SSA production is proportional to U103.5. A strong influence of SST on the production could be detected as well, although the underlying physical mechanisms of the SST influence remains unclear. For SST we obtain the best fit to the measurement data when SSA concentration is proportional to 0.031×T+0.39, where T is the source average SST. Based on the model source region average temperature and wind, an empirical fit was made to the data and a new source function obtained. The fit was made by using the model concentrations, observational data, ECMWF winds and the existing source function volume fluxes. Our new source function gives a global SSA production for particles smaller than 10μm of 9Pg yr-1 and is the best fit to the observed concentrations. The existing source functions display the large uncertainties, spanning from a global emitted mass of 1.9 to 100’s of Pg yr-1. Wind dependencies also range strongly and those far from U103.5, have poor correlation with observed values. It is also possible to add temperature dependence to an existing source function to come further towards observed values with the model results.Sea spray aerosols (SSA) are an important part of the climate system through their effects on the global radiative budget, both directly as scatterers and absorbers of solar and terrestrial radiation, and indirectly as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) influencing cloud formation, lifetime and precipitation. In terms of their global mass, SSA is the largest source and has the largest uncertainty of all aerosols. In this study I have reviewed 21 SSA source functions from the literature, several of which are used in current climate models, and as a result of this work a new source function is proposed.The model FLEXPART was run in backward mode utilizing a large global set of observed SSA concentrations, comprised of several station networks and ship cruise measurement campaigns. FLEXPART backward calculations produce gridded emission sensitivity fields, which can subsequently be multiplied with gridded SSA production fluxes to obtain modeled SSA concentrations. This allows to efficiently evaluate all 21 source functions at the same time. Another advantage of this method is that source-region information on wind speed and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) could be stored and used for evaluating their influence on SSA production.The main driver of SSA production is wind, and the best fit to the observation data could be obtained when the SSA production is proportional to U103.5. A strong influence of SST on the production could be detected as well, although the underlying physical mechanisms of the SST influence remains unclear. For SST we obtain the best fit to the measurement data when SSA concentration is proportional to 0.031×T+0.39, where T is the source average SST. Based on the model source region average temperature and wind, an empirical fit was made to the data and a new source function obtained. The fit was made by using the model concentrations, observational data, ECMWF winds and the existing source function volume fluxes. Our new source function gives a global SSA production for particles smaller than 10μm of 9Pg yr-1 and is the best fit to the observed concentrations. The existing source functions display the large uncertainties, spanning from a global emitted mass of 1.9 to 100’s of Pg yr-1. Wind dependencies also range strongly and those far from U103.5, have poor correlation with observed values. It is also possible to add temperature dependence to an existing source function to come further towards observed values with the model results.
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| 47. |
- Guerrero-Casado, José, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of the suitability of latrine counts as an indirect method by which to estimate the abundance of European rabbit populations at high and low abundance
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 66:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations using suitable methods is crucial, especially in those areas in which endangered predators remain and rabbits occur at low densities. We first counted the number of rabbits, the number of scattered pellets, and the number of latrines counted within 16 plots established in areas of low rabbit density, showing that the number of rabbits counted inside the plots was more closely correlated with the number of pellets counted than with the number of latrines. In addition, no latrines were found in 8 plots. In 53 walking transects, the number of pellets m−2 and the number of latrines km−1 had a positive relationship, but no significant correlation was obtained between the two methods when only the transects with a low rabbit abundance were selected. These results suggest that although counting latrines can be useful to compare areas with different abundances, it may underestimate rabbit abundance at low abundances where counting scattered pellets is, therefore, the most accurate alternative. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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| 48. |
- Gupta, Rahul, et al.
(författare)
-
Engineering of spin mixing conductance at Ru/FeCo/Ru interfaces : Effect of Re doping
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 101:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have deposited polycrystalline Re-doped (Fe65Co35)(100-x)Rex (0 ≤ x ≤ 12.6 at. %) thin films grown under identical conditions and sandwiched between thin layers of Ru in order to study the phenomenon of spin pumping as a function of Re concentration. In-plane and out-of-plane ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy results show an enhancement of the Gilbert damping with an increase in Re doping. We find 98% enhancement in the real part of effective spin mixing conductance [Re(g↑↓eff)] with Re doping. Conversely, the Re(g↑↓eff) does not change with Re doping in Fe65Co35 thin films which are seeded and capped with Cu layers. The enhancement in Re(g↑↓eff) of Re-doped Fe65Co35 thin films sandwiched between thin layers of Ru is linked to the Re doping-induced change of the interface electronic structure in the nonmagnetic Ru layer. The saturation magnetization decreases 35% with increasing Re doping up to 12.6 at. %. This study opens a direction of tuning the spin mixing conductance in magnetic heterostructures by doping of the ferromagnetic layer, which is essential for the realization of energyefficient operation of spintronic devices.
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| 49. |
- Gustafsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Adult female European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from the Baltic Sea show no evidence of thiamine deficiency
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Sea Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-1101 .- 1873-1414. ; 174
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) has been demonstrated in several species in the northern hemisphere and is suggested as a cause for declining populations. European perch from the Baltic Sea show negative temporal trends for several health biomarkers and poor recruitment of unknown cause. In this study, thiamine status of perch liver from the Baltic Sea was studied with emphasis on seasonal variation. During spring the thiamine concentration increased, reached a higher level during the summer and then decreased again during autumn. Despite this variation the thiamine concentration was always sufficient in the perch liver. These results indicate that direct thiamine deficiency is an unlikely explanation for the health effects observed in adult female perch from the Baltic Sea.
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| 50. |
- Gustavsson, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
-
An Instructional Electronics Laboratory Opened for Remote Operation and Control
- 2006
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blekinge Institute of Technology in Sweden has opened a local instructional laboratory for undergraduate education in electrical and electronic engineering for remote operation and control 24/7 as a complement and a supplement to traditional laboratories. It is equipped with a unique virtual interface enabling students to recognize on their own computer screen the desktop instruments and the breadboard most of them have already used in the local laboratory. The open laboratory is used in regular courses in circuit analysis for distant learning students dispersed all over Sweden and for campus students as well. The research is focused on what is perceived to be the greatest challenge, to give students laboratory experience that is as genuine as possible despite the lack of direct contact with the actual lab hardware. The goal is to produce an open international standard in cooperation with universities and other organizations around the world.
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