| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Richard L., et al.
(författare)
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Micromechanics of ultra-toughened electrospun PMMA/PEO fibres as revealed by in-situ tensile testing in an electron microscope
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 4, s. 6335-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A missing cornerstone in the development of tough micro/nano fibre systems is an understanding of the fibre failure mechanisms, which stems from the limitation in observing the fracture of objects with dimensions one hundredth of the width of a hair strand. Tensile testing in the electron microscope is herein adopted to reveal the fracture behaviour of a novel type of toughened electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(ethylene oxide) fibre mats for biomedical applications. These fibres showed a toughness more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of pristine PMMA fibres. The in-situ microscopy revealed that the toughness were not only dependent on the initial molecular alignment after spinning, but also on the polymer formulation that could promote further molecular orientation during the formation of micro/nano-necking. The true fibre strength was greater than 150 MPa, which was considerably higher than that of the unmodified PMMA (17 MPa). This necking phenomenon was prohibited by high aspect ratio cellulose nanocrystal fillers in the ultra-tough fibres, leading to a decrease in toughness by more than one order of magnitude. The reported necking mechanism may have broad implications also within more traditional melt-spinning research.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Superparamagnetic [sic] nanofibers by electrospinning
- 2016
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:26, s. 21413-21422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The preparation of superparamagnetic thin fibers by electrospinning dispersions of nanosized magnetite (Fe3O4, SPIO/USPIO) in a PMMA/PEO polymer solution is reported. The saturation magnetization and coercivity were not affected by the concentration (0, 1, 10, 20 wt%) or fiber orientation, showing hysteresis loops with high magnetization (64 A m(2) kg(-1) @ 500 kA m(-1)) and record low coercivity (20 A m(-1)). AC susceptibility measurements vs. temperature at frequencies from 60 to 2 kHz confirmed superparamagnetism. The mechanical properties were only slightly dependent on the particle concentration because the nanoparticles were separately encapsulated by the polymer. A uniform fibre fracture cross section was found at all the investigated particle contents, which suggests a strong interaction at the polymer/particle interface. A theoretical value of the magnetic low field susceptibility was calculated from the Langevin function and compared with measured values. The results show a distinct but concentration-independent anisotropy, favoring magnetization along the fiber orientation with no sign of exchange interaction, explained by complete nanoparticle separation. Superparamagnetism cannot be inferred from particle size alone, so a relevant interpretation and criterion for superparamagnetism is presented, in accordance with Neel's original definition. From the measurements, it can be concluded that magnetic characterization can be used to elucidate the material morphology beyond the resolution of available microscopy techniques (TEM and SEM).
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| 4. |
- Antonio, Capezza, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation and Comparison of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes as Fillers in Conductive Natural Rubber for Flexible Electronics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0030-2228 .- 1541-3764. ; 4:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conductive natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites were prepared by solvent-casting suspensions of reduced graphene oxide(rGO) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs), followed by vulcanization of the rubber composites. Both rGO and CNT were compatible as fillers in the NR as well as having sufficient intrinsic electrical conductivity for functional applications. Physical (thermal) and chemical reduction of GO were investigated, and the results of the reductions were monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for establishing a reduction protocol that was useful for the rGO nanocomposite preparation. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy showed that both nanofillers were adequately dispersed in the main NR phase. The CNT composite displays a marked mechanical hysteresis and higher elongation at break, in comparison to the rGO composites for an equal fraction of the carbon phase. Moreover, the composite conductivity was always ca. 3-4 orders of magnitude higher for the CNT composite than for the rGO composites, the former reaching a maximum conductivity of ca. 10.5 S/m, which was explained by the more favorable geometry of the CNT versus the rGO sheets. For low current density applications though, both composites achieved the necessary percolation and showed the electrical conductivity needed for being applied as flexible conductors for a light-emitting diode.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Galland, Sylvain, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Cellulose nanofibers decorated with magnetic nanoparticles : synthesis, structure and use in magnetized high toughness membranes for a prototype loudspeaker
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - 2050-7526. ; 1:47, s. 7963-7972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetic nanoparticles are the functional component for magnetic membranes, but they are difficult to disperse and process into tough membranes. Here, cellulose nanofibers are decorated with magnetic ferrite nanoparticles formed in situ which ensures a uniform particle distribution, thereby avoiding the traditional mixing stage with the potential risk of particle agglomeration. The attachment of the particles to the nanofibrils is achieved via aqueous in situ hydrolysis of metal precursors onto the fibrils at temperatures below 100 °C. Metal adsorption and precursor quantification were carried out using Induction Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). FE-SEM was used for high resolution characterization of the decorated nanofibers and hybrid membranes, and TEM was used for nanoparticle size distribution studies. The decorated nanofibers form a hydrocolloid. Large (200 mm diameter) hybrid cellulose/ferrite membranes were prepared by simple filtration and drying of the colloidal suspension. The low-density, flexible and permanently magnetized membranes contain as much as 60 wt% uniformly dispersed nanoparticles (thermogravimetric analysis data). Hysteresis magnetization was measured by a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer; the inorganic phase was characterized by XRD. Membrane mechanical properties were measured in uniaxial tension. An ultrathin prototype loudspeaker was made and its acoustic performance in terms of output sound pressure was characterized. A full spectrum of audible frequencies was resolved.
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| 7. |
- Galland, Sylvain, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Strong and Moldable Cellulose Magnets with High Ferrite Nanoparticle Content
- 2014
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 6:22, s. 20524-20534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major limitation in the development of highly functional hybrid nanocomposites is brittleness and low tensile strength at high inorganic nanoparticle content. Herein, cellulose nanofibers were extracted from wood and individually decorated with cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles and then for the first time molded at low temperature (<120 degrees C) into magnetic nanocomposites with up to 93 wt % inorganic content. The material structure was characterized by TEM and FE-SEM and mechanically tested as compression molded samples. The obtained porous magnetic sheets were further impregnated with a thermosetting epoxy resin, which improved the load-bearing functions of ferrite and cellulose material. A nanocomposite with 70 wt % ferrite, 20 wt % cellulose nanofibers, and 10 wt % epoxy showed a modulus of 12.6 GPa, a tensile strength of 97 MPa, and a strain at failure of ca. 4%. Magnetic characterization was performed in a vibrating sample magnetometer, which showed that the coercivity was unaffected and that the saturation magnetization was in proportion with the ferrite content. The used ferrite, CoFe2O4 is a magnetically hard material, demonstrated by that the composite material behaved as a traditional permanent magnet. The presented processing route is easily adaptable to prepare millimeter-thick and moldable magnetic objects. This suggests that the processing method has the potential to be scaled-up for industrial use for the preparation of a new subcategory of magnetic, low-cost, and moldable objects based on cellulose nanofibers.
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| 8. |
- Guex, Leonard Gaston, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental review : chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by aqueous chemistry
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 9:27, s. 9562-9571
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrical conductivity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) obtained from graphene oxide (GO) using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent has been investigated as a function of time (2 min to 24 h) and temperature (20 degrees C to 80 degrees C). Using a 300 mM aqueous NaBH4 solution at 80 degrees C, reduction of GO occurred to a large extent during the first 10 min, which yielded a conductivity increase of 5 orders of magnitude to 10 S m(-1). During the residual 1400 min of reaction, the reduction rate decreased significantly, eventually resulting in a rGO conductivity of 1500 S m(-1). High resolution XPS measurements showed that C/O increased from 2.2 for the GO to 6.9 for the rGO at the longest reaction times, due to the elimination of oxygen. The steep increase in conductivity recorded during the first 8-12 min of reaction was mainly due to the reduction of C-O (e.g., hydroxyl and epoxy) groups, suggesting the preferential attack of the reducing agent on C-O rather than C=O groups. In addition, the specular variation of the percentage content of C-O bond functionalities with the sum of Csp(2) and Csp(3) indicated that the reduction of epoxy or hydroxyl groups had a greater impact on the restoration of the conductive nature of the graphite structure in rGO. These findings were reflected in the dramatic change in the structural stability of the rGO nanofoams produced by freeze-drying. The reduction protocol in this study allowed to achieve the highest conductivity values reported so far for the aqueous reduction of graphene oxide mediated by sodium borohydride. The 4-probe sheet resistivity approach used to measure the electrical conductivity is also, for the first time, presented in detail for filtrate sheet assemblies' of stacked GO/rGO sheets.
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| 9. |
- Hoogendoorn, Billy W., et al.
(författare)
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Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in the recycling of nickel and cadmium battery metals using electrodeposition
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nanoscale Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2516-0230. ; 5:19, s. 5263-5275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were employed in the aqueous electrodeposition of nickel and cadmium for battery metal recycling. The electrowinning of mixed Ni-Cd metal ion recycling solutions demonstrated that cadmium with a purity of over 99% could be selectively extracted while leaving the nickel in the solution. Two types of CNFs were evaluated: negatively charged CNFs (a-CNF) obtained through acid hydrolysis (−75 μeq. g−1) and positively charged CNFs (q-CNF) functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups (+85 μeq. g−1). The inclusion of CNFs in the Ni-Cd electrolytes induced growth of cm-sized dendrites in conditions where dendrites were otherwise not observed, or increased the degree of dendritic growth when it was already present to a lesser extent. The augmented dendritic growth correlated with an increase in deposition yields of up to 30%. Additionally, it facilitated the formation of easily detachable dendritic structures, enabling more efficient processing on a large scale and enhancing the recovery of the toxic cadmium metal. Regardless of the charged nature of the CNFs, both negatively and positively charged CNFs led to a significant formation of protruding cadmium dendrites. When deposited separately, dendritic growth and increased deposition yields remained consistent for the cadmium metal. However, dendrites were not observed during the deposition of nickel; instead, uniformly deposited layers were formed, albeit at lower yields (20%), when positively charged CNFs were present. This paper explores the potential of utilizing cellulose and its derivatives as the world's largest biomass resource to enhance battery metal recycling processes.
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| 10. |
- Joffrin, E., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium-tritium operation with the ITER like-wall
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamela et al 2007 Fusion Eng. Des. 82 590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D-T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D-T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D-T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D-T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D-T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D-T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the three-ions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfven eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems...) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D-T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D-T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Pourrahimi, Amir Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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Aqueous synthesis of (21̅0) oxygen terminated defect free hierarchical ZnO particles and their heat treatment for enhanced reactivity
- 2016
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 32:42, s. 11002-11013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A controlled aqueous growth of 1 µm flower-shaped ZnO particles with a hierarchical subset of exposed nano-sheets represented by {21̅0} crystal faces, followed by annealing at temperatures up to 1000 °C, is presented. The flower-shaped particles showed superior photocatalytic performance compared to the crystal faces of 20 nm ZnO nanoparticles. The photocatalytic reaction rate of the flower-shaped particles before annealing was 2.4 times higher per m2 compared with that of the nanoparticles with double specific surface area. Crystal surface defects and nano-sized pores within the flower-shaped particles were revealed by porosity measurement and electron microscopy. A heat treatment at 400 °C was found to be optimal for removal of nanoporosity/surface defects and impurities while retaining the hierarchical superstructure. The heat treatment resulted in a photo-degradation efficiency that increased by an additional 43 %, although the specific surface area decreased from 16.7 to 13.0 m2g-1. The enhanced photocatalytic effect remained intact under both acidic and alkaline environments owing to the {21̅0} crystal surfaces, which were less prone to dissolution than the nanoparticles. The photocatalytic performance relied on primarily three factors: the removal of surface impurities, the oxygen termination of the {21̅0} crystal faces, and the promotion of charge carrier lifetime by removal of lattice defects acting as recombination centres. The synthesis presented is an entirely hydrocarbon- and surfactant free ('green') preparation scheme, and the formation of the flower-shaped particles was favored solely by optimization of the reaction temperature after the correct nitrate salts precursor concentrations had been established.
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| 13. |
- Pourrahimi, Amir Masoud, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Making an ultralow platinum content bimetallic catalyst on carbon fibres for electro-oxidation of ammonia in wastewater
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy and Fuels. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2398-4902. ; 3:8, s. 2111-2124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrocatalysis of wastewater containing ammonia is a promising alternative to chemical and biological water purification for several reasons, one being that energy-rich hydrogen gas is generated as a by-product while the reaction can be strictly controlled to meet demands. An objective has been to reduce the loading of expensive platinum (Pt) in the catalyst electrodes, and to reduce the poisoning of the metal surface during the electrolysis. Herein, the co-deposition of a copper-platinum (Cu-Pt) bimetallic alloy onto carbon filaments, stripped from their polymeric coating, is shown to give an electrocatalytic performance superior to that of pure Pt at a content of less than 3 wt% Pt. The key to the enhanced performance was to take advantage of micrometer-sized carbon filaments to distribute a very large bimetallic alloy surface uniformly over the filaments. The Cu-Pt-alloy-coated filaments also suffer less electrode poisoning than pure Pt, and are bonded more strongly to the carbon fibre due to better mechanical interlocking between the bimetallic alloy and the carbon filaments. High-resolution electron microscopy studies combined with a tuned electro-deposition process made it possible to tailor the catalyst micro/nano morphology to reach a uniform coverage, surrounding the entire carbon filaments. The results are promising steps towards large-scale wastewater treatment, combined with clean energy production from regenerated hydrogen.
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| 14. |
- Pourrahimi, Amir Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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Water-based synthesis and cleaning methods for high purity ZnO nanoparticles - comparing acetate, chloride, sulphate and nitrate zinc salt precursors
- 2014
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 4:67, s. 35568-35577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A low temperature (60 degrees C) aqueous synthesis method of high purity ZnO nanoparticles intended as fillers for ultra-low electrical conductivity insulations is described. Particles were prepared under identical conditions from different zinc salts based on nitrate, chloride, sulphate or acetate to compare their abilities to form high yields of sub-50 nm particles with narrow size distribution. The acetate salt gave uniform 25 nm ZnO particles with a conical prism shape. The chloride and sulphate derived particles showed mixed morphologies of nanoprisms and submicron petals, whereas the nitrate salt yielded prisms assembled into well-defined flower shapes with spiky edges. The micron-sized flower shapes were confirmed by Xray diffraction to consist of the smaller prism units. Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed emission in the blue-violet region with little variation depending on precursor salt, suggesting that the spectra were dependent on the primary nanoprism formation and rather independent of the final particle morphology. Microscopy revealed that the salt residuals after the reaction showed different affinity to the particle surfaces depending on the type of salt used, with the acetate creating ca. 20 nm thick hydrated shells; and in falling order of affinity: chloride, sulphate and nitrate. An acetate ion shielding effect during the synthesis was therefore assumed, preventing nanoparticle fusion during growth. Varying the concentrations of the counter-ions confirmed the shielding and only the acetate anions showed an ability to stabilize solitary nanoprisms formation in reaction yields from 2 to 10 g L-1. Ultrasonic particle surface cleaning was significantly more efficient than water replacement, resulting in a stable aqueous dispersion with a high zeta potential of 38.9 mV at pH 8.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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An All-Sky Search For Three Flavors Of Neutrinos From Gamma-Ray Bursts With The Icecube Neutrino Observatory
- 2016
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 824:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results and methodology of a search for neutrinos produced in the decay of charged pions created in interactions between protons and gamma-rays during the prompt emission of 807 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) over the entire sky. This three-year search is the first in IceCube for shower-like Cherenkov light patterns from electron, muon, and tau neutrinos correlated with GRBs. We detect five low-significance events correlated with five GRBs. These events are consistent with the background expectation from atmospheric muons and neutrinos. The results of this search in combination with those of IceCube's four years of searches for track-like Cherenkov light patterns from muon neutrinos correlated with Northern-Hemisphere GRBs produce limits that tightly constrain current models of neutrino and ultra high energy cosmic ray production in GRB fireballs.
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| 17. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Improvement in fast particle track reconstruction with robust statistics
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 736, s. 143-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IceCube project has transformed 1 km(3) of deep natural Antarctic ice into a Cherenkov detector Muon neutrinos are detected and their direction is inferred by mapping the light produced by the secondary muon track inside the volume instrumented with photomultipliers. Reconstructing the muon track from the observed light is challenging due to noise, light scattering in the ice medium, and the possibility of simultaneously having multiple muons inside the detector, resulting from the large flux of cosmic ray muons. This paper describes work on two problems: (1) the truck reconstruction problem, in which, given a set of observations, the goal is to recover the track of a muon; and (2) the coincident event problem, which is to determine how many muons are active in the detector during a time window. Rather than solving these problems by developing more complex physical models that are applied at later stages of the analysis, our approach is to augment the detector's early reconstruction with data filters and robust statistical techniques. These can be implemented at the level of on-line reconstruction and, therefore, improve all subsequent reconstructions. Using the metric of median angular resolution, a standard metric for track reconstruction, we improve the accuracy in the initial reconstruction direction by 13%. We also present improvements in measuring the number of muons in coincident events: we can accurately determine the number of muons 98% of the time.
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| 18. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Search for dark matter annihilation in the Galactic Center with IceCube-79
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 75:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Milky Way is expected to be embedded in a halo of dark matter particles, with the highest density in the central region, and decreasing density with the halo-centric radius. Dark matter might be indirectly detectable at Earth through a flux of stable particles generated in dark matter annihilations and peaked in the direction of the Galactic Center. We present a search for an excess flux of muon (anti-) neutrinos from dark matter annihilation in the Galactic Center using the cubic-kilometer-sized IceCube neutrino detector at the South Pole. There, the Galactic Center is always seen above the horizon. Thus, new and dedicated veto techniques against atmospheric muons are required to make the southern hemisphere accessible for IceCube. We used 319.7 live-days of data from IceCube operating in its 79-string configuration during 2010 and 2011. No neutrino excess was found and the final result is compatible with the background. We present upper limits on the self-annihilation cross-section, < sAv >, for WIMP masses ranging from 30GeV up to 10TeV, assuming cuspy (NFW) and flat-cored (Burkert) dark matter halo profiles, reaching down to similar or equal to 4 . 10(-24) cm(3) s(-1), and similar or equal to 2.6 . 10(-23) cm(3) s(-1) for the nu(nu) over bar channel, respectively.
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| 19. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Searches for Sterile Neutrinos with the IceCube Detector
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 117:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole has measured the atmospheric muon neutrino spectrum as a function of zenith angle and energy in the approximate 320 GeV to 20 TeV range, to search for the oscillation signatures of light sterile neutrinos. No evidence for anomalous nu(mu) or (nu) over bar (mu) disappearance is observed in either of two independently developed analyses, each using one year of atmospheric neutrino data. New exclusion limits are placed on the parameter space of the 3 + 1 model, in which muon antineutrinos experience a strong Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein-resonant oscillation. The exclusion limits extend to sin(2)2 theta(24) <= 0.02 at Delta m(2) similar to 0.3 eV(2) at the 90% confidence level. The allowed region from global analysis of appearance experiments, including LSND and MiniBooNE, is excluded at approximately the 99% confidence level for the global best-fit value of vertical bar U-e4 vertical bar(2).
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| 20. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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IceCube sensitivity for low-energy neutrinos from nearby supernovae
- 2011
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 535, s. A109-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the response of the IceCube neutrino telescope located at the geographic south pole to outbursts of MeV neutrinos from the core collapse of nearby massive stars. IceCube was completed in December 2010 forming a lattice of 5160 photomultiplier tubes that monitor a volume of similar to 1 km(3) in the deep Antarctic ice for particle induced photons. The telescope was designed to detect neutrinos with energies greater than 100 GeV. Owing to subfreezing ice temperatures, the photomultiplier dark noise rates are particularly low. Hence IceCube can also detect large numbers of MeV neutrinos by observing a collective rise in all photomultiplier rates on top of the dark noise. With 2 ms timing resolution, IceCube can detect subtle features in the temporal development of the supernova neutrino burst. For a supernova at the galactic center, its sensitivity matches that of a background-free megaton-scale supernova search experiment. The sensitivity decreases to 20 standard deviations at the galactic edge (30 kpc) and 6 standard deviations at the Large Magellanic Cloud (50 kpc). IceCube is sending triggers from potential supernovae to the Supernova Early Warning System. The sensitivity to neutrino properties such as the neutrino hierarchy is discussed, as well as the possibility to detect the neutronization burst, a short outbreak of nu(e)'s released by electron capture on protons soon after collapse. Tantalizing signatures, such as the formation of a quark star or a black hole as well as the characteristics of shock waves, are investigated to illustrate IceCube's capability for supernova detection.
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| 21. |
- Bonanomi, N., et al.
(författare)
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Role of fast ion pressure in the isotope effect in JET L-mode plasmas
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 59:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents results of JET ITER-like wall L-mode experiments in hydrogen and deuterium (D) plasmas, dedicated to the study of the isotope dependence of ion heat transport by determination of the ion critical gradient and stiffness by varying the ion cyclotron resonance heating power deposition. When no strong role of fast ions in the plasma core is expected, the main difference between the two isotope plasmas is determined by the plasma edge and the core behavior is consistent with a gyro-Bohm scaling. When the heating power (and the fast ion pressure) is increased, in addition to the difference in the edge region, also the plasma core shows substantial changes. The stabilization of ion heat transport by fast ions, clearly visible in D plasmas, appears to be weaker in H plasmas, resulting in a higher ion heat flux in H with apparent anti-gyro-Bohm mass scaling. The difference is found to be caused by the different fast ion pressure between H and D plasmas, related to the heating power settings and to the different fast ion slowing down time, and is completely accounted for in non-linear gyrokinetic simulations. The application of the TGLF quasi-linear model to this set of data is also discussed.
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| 22. |
- Cannas, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Recurrence Plots for Dynamic Analysis of Type-I ELMs at JET With a Carbon Wall
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0093-3813 .- 1939-9375. ; 47:4, s. 1871-1877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of type-I edge-localized modes (ELM) time series from the JET tokamak, the world's largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment, have been investigated through recurrence plots (RPs). The analysis has been focused on RPs of pedestal temperature, line averaged electron density, and outer divertor D-alpha time series during experiments with a carbon wall. The analysis of RPS shows the patterns similar to those characteristics of signals exhibiting type-2 intermittency, in particular, a characteristic kite-like shape; this gives useful hints to model the temperature signal as well as the D-alpha radiation time series, with simple nonlinear maps capturing the nearly periodic behavior of type-I ELMs.
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| 23. |
- Carvalho, D. D., et al.
(författare)
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Deep neural networks for plasma tomography with applications to JET and COMPASS
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1748-0221. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have found applications in many image processing tasks, such as feature extraction, image classification, and object recognition. It has also been shown that the inverse of CNNs, so-called deconvolutional neural networks, can be used for inverse problems such as plasma tomography. In essence, plasma tomography consists in reconstructing the 2D plasma profile on a poloidal cross-section of a fusion device, based on line-integrated measurements from multiple radiation detectors. Since the reconstruction process is computationally intensive, a deconvolutional neural network trained to produce the same results will yield a significant computational speedup, at the expense of a small error which can be assessed using different metrics. In this work, we discuss the design principles behind such networks, including the use of multiple layers, how they can be stacked, and how their dimensions can be tuned according to the number of detectors and the desired tomographic resolution for a given fusion device. We describe the application of such networks at JET and COMPASS, where at JET we use the bolometer system, and at COMPASS we use the soft X-ray diagnostic based on photodiode arrays.
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| 24. |
- Eriksson, Frida, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretative and predictive modelling of Joint European Torus collisionality scans
- 2019
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 61:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transport modelling of Joint European Torus (JET) dimensionless collisionality scaling experiments in various operational scenarios is presented. Interpretative simulations at a fixed radial position are combined with predictive JETTO simulations of temperatures and densities, using the TGLF transport model. The model includes electromagnetic effects and collisions as well as (E)over-right-arrow x (b)over-right-arrow shear in Miller geometry. Focus is on particle transport and the role of the neutral beam injection (NBI) particle source for the density peaking. The experimental 3-point collisionality scans include L-mode, and H-mode (D and H and higher beta D plasma) plasmas in a total of 12 discharges. Experimental results presented in (Tala et al 2017 44th EPS Conf.) indicate that for the H-mode scans, the NBI particle source plays an important role for the density peaking, whereas for the L-mode scan, the influence of the particle source is small. In general, both the interpretative and predictive transport simulations support the experimental conclusions on the role of the NBI particle source for the 12 JET discharges.
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| 25. |
- Fang, Mei, et al.
(författare)
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Particle size and magnetic properties dependence on growth temperature for rapid mixed co-precipitated magnetite nanoparticles
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 23:14, s. 145601-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetite nanoparticles have been prepared by co-precipitation using a custom-designed jet mixer to achieve rapid mixing (RM) of reactants in a timescale of milliseconds. The quick and stable nucleation obtained allows control of the particle size and size distribution via a more defined growth process. Nanoparticles of different sizes were prepared by controlling the processing temperature in the first few seconds post-mixing. The average size of the nanoparticles investigated using a Tecnai transmission electron microscope is found to increase with the temperature from 3.8 nm at 1 +/- 1 degrees C to 10.9 nm for particles grown at 95 +/- 1 degrees C. The temperature dependence of the size distribution follows the same trend and is explained in terms of Ostwald ripening of the magnetite nanoparticles during the co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+. The magnetic properties were studied by monitoring the blocking temperature via both DC and AC techniques. Strikingly, the obtained RM particles maintain the high magnetization (as high as similar to 88 A m(2) kg(-1) at 500 kA m(-1)) while the coercivity is as low as similar to 12 A m(-1) with the expected temperature dependence. Besides, by adding a drop of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, aqueous ferrofluids with long term stability are obtained, suggesting their suitability for applications in ferrofluid technology and biomedicine.
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| 26. |
- Fang, Mei, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid mixing : A route to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles with high moment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 99:22, s. 222501-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate the impact of rapid mixing of the precursors in a time scale of milliseconds on the reaction rate and magnetic properties of co-precipitated magnetite with a custom-made mixer. The mixed volume is directed into a desk-top AC susceptometer to monitor the magnetic response from the growing particles in real-time. These measurements indicate that the reaction is mostly completed within a minute. The obtained superparamagnetic nanoparticles exhibit a narrow size distribution and large magnetization (87 Am(2) kg(-1)). Transmission electron micrographs suggest that rapid mixing is the key for better crystallinity and a more uniform morphology leading to the observed magnetization values.
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| 27. |
- Friberg, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of cross-border shopping on commodity tax revenue : Results from a natural experiment
- 2022
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Ingår i: SSRN Electronic Journal. - Bergen, Norway : Norges handelshøyskole. - 1556-5068.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use grocery data from Norway and COVID-19 border closings to gauge the effect of cross-border shopping on commodity tax revenue. Detailed store-category level data identify differential treatment effects that depend on distance to Swedish stores. Economically significant effects extend to up to two hours’ drive from the border, and even further for prominent cross-border shopping products as beer, cigarettes and soda. Across all products, cross-border shopping decreases tax revenue from VAT by 3.6% at the national level. National commodity tax revenue from carbonated soft drinks (subject to a sugar tax) is reduced by 8.1% and from cigarettes by 11.9%.
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| 28. |
- Gad, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 508:7495, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in reactive oxygen species production, damaging both DNA and free dNTPs. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to prevent incorporation of damaged bases during DNA replication. Although MTH1 is non-essential in normal cells, we show that cancer cells require MTH1 activity to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. We validate MTH1 as an anticancer target in vivo and describe small molecules TH287 and TH588 as first-in-class nudix hydrolase family inhibitors that potently and selectively engage and inhibit the MTH1 protein in cells. Protein co-crystal structures demonstrate that the inhibitors bindin the active site of MTH1. The inhibitors cause incorporation of oxidized dNTPs in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived mouse xenografts. This study exemplifies the non-oncogene addiction concept for anticancer treatment and validates MTH1 as being cancer phenotypic lethal.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Garcia, J., et al.
(författare)
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First principles and integrated modelling achievements towards trustful fusion power predictions for JET and ITER
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 59:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predictability of burning plasmas is a key issue for designing and building credible future fusion devices. In this context, an important effort of physics understanding and guidance is being carried out in parallel to JET experimental campaigns in H and D by performing analyses and modelling towards an improvement of the understanding of DT physics for the optimization of the JET-DT neutron yield and fusion born alpha particle physics. Extrapolations to JET-DT from recent experiments using the maximum power available have been performed including some of the most sophisticated codes and a broad selection of models. There is a general agreement that 11-15 MW of fusion power can be expected in DT for the hybrid and baseline scenarios. On the other hand, in high beta, torque and fast ion fraction conditions, isotope effects could be favourable leading to higher fusion yield. It is shown that alpha particles related physics, such as TAE destabilization or fusion power electron heating, could be studied in ITER relevant JET-DT plasmas.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Hoogendoorn, Billy W., et al.
(författare)
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Ultra-low Concentration of Cellulose Nanofibers (CNFs) for Enhanced Nucleation and Yield of ZnO Nanoparticles
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 38:41, s. 12480-12490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were used in aqueous synthesis protocols for zinc oxide (ZnO) to affect the formation of the ZnO particles. Different concentrations of CNFs were evaluated in two different synthesis protocols producing distinctly different ZnO morphologies (flowers and sea urchins) as either dominantly oxygen-or zinc-terminated particles. The CNF effects on the ZnO formation were investigated by implementing a heat-treatment method at 400 degrees C that fully removed the cellulose material without affecting the ZnO particles made in the presence of CNFs. The inorganic phase formations were monitored by extracting samples during the enforced precipitations to observe changes in the ZnO morphologies. A decrease in the size of the ZnO particles could be observed for all synthesis protocols, already occurring at small additions of CNFs. At as low as 0.1 g/L CNFs, the particle size decreased by 50% for the flower-shaped particles and 45% for the sea-urchin-shaped particles. The formation of smaller particles was accompanied by increased yield by 13 and 15% due to the CNFs' ability to enhance the nucleation, resulting in greater mass of ZnO divided among a larger number of particles. The enhanced nucleation could also be verified as useful for preventing secondary morphologies from forming, which grew on the firstly precipitated particles. The suppression of secondary growths' was due to the more rapid inorganic phase formation during the early phases of the reactions and the faster consumption of dissolved salts, leaving smaller amounts of metal salts present at later stages of the reactions. The findings show that using cellulose to guide inorganic nanoparticle growth can be predicted as an emerging field in the preparation of functional inorganic micro/nanoparticles. The observations are highly relevant in any industrial setting for the large-scale and resource-efficient production of ZnO.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Karlsson, Mattias E., et al.
(författare)
-
Lamellae-controlled electrical properties of polyethylene - morphology, oxidation and effects of antioxidant on the DC conductivity
- 2020
-
Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 10:8, s. 4698-4709
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Destruction of the spherulite structure in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is shown to result in a more insulating material at low temperatures, while the reverse effect is observed at high temperatures. On average, the change in morphology reduced the conductivity by a factor of 4, but this morphology-related decrease in conductivity was relatively small compared with the conductivity drop of more than 2 decades that was observed after slight oxidation of the LDPE (at 25 degrees C and 30 kV mm(-1)). The conductivity of LDPE was measured at different temperatures (25-60 degrees C) and at different electrical field strengths (3.3-30 kV mm(-1)) for multiple samples with a total crystalline content of 51 wt%. The transformation from a 5 mu m coherent structure of spherulites in the LDPE to an evenly dispersed random lamellar phase (with retained crystallinity) was achieved by extrusion melt processing. The addition of 50 ppm commercial phenolic antioxidant to the LDPE matrix (e.g. for the long-term use of polyethylene in high voltage direct current (HVDC) cables) gave a conductivity ca. 3 times higher than that of the same material without antioxidants at 60 degrees C (the operating temperature for the cables). For larger amounts of antioxidant up to 1000 ppm, the DC conductivity remained stable at ca. 1 x 10(-14) S m(-1). Finite element modeling (FEM) simulations were carried out to model the phenomena observed, and the results suggested that the higher conductivity of the spherulite-containing LDPE stems from the displacement and increased presence of polymeric irregularities (formed during crystallization) in the border regions of the spherulite structures.
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| 35. |
- Karlsson, Mattias E., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanorods via the Formation of Sea Urchin Structures and Their Photoluminescence after Heat Treatment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 34:17, s. 5079-5087
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A protocol for the aqueous synthesis of ca. 1-mu m-long zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and their growth at intermediate reaction progression is presented, together with photoluminescence (PL) characteristics after heat treatment at temperatures of up to 1000 degrees C. The existence of solitary rods after the complete reaction (60 min) was traced back to the development of sea urchin structures during the first 5 s of the precipitation. The rods primarily formed in later stages during the reaction due to fracture, which was supported by the frequently observed broken rod ends with sharp edges in the final material, in addition to tapered uniform rod ends consistent with their natural growth direction. The more dominant rod growth in the c direction (extending the length of the rods), together with the appearance of faceted surfaces on the sides of the rods, occurred at longer reaction times (>5 min) and generated zinc-terminated particles that were more resistant to alkaline dissolution. A heat treatment for 1 h at 600 or 800 degrees C resulted in a smoothing of the rod surfaces, and PL measurements displayed a decreased defect emission at ca. 600 nm, which was related to the disappearance of lattice imperfections formed during the synthesis. A heat treatment at 1000 degrees C resulted in significant crystal growth reflected as an increase in luminescence at shorter wavelengths (ca. 510 nm). Electron microscopy revealed that the faceted rod structure was lost for ZnO rods exposed to temperatures above 600 degrees C, whereas even higher temperatures resulted in particle sintering and/or mass redistribution along the initially long and slender ZnO rods. The synthesized ZnO rods were a more stable Wurtzite crystal structure than previously reported ball-shaped ZnO consisting of merging sheets, which was supported by the shifts in PL spectra occurring at ca. 200 degrees C higher annealing temperature, in combination with a smaller thermogravimetric mass loss occurring upon heating the rods to 800 degrees C.
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| 36. |
- Karlsson, Mattias E., et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of ZnO particle lattice termination on the DC conductivity of LDPE nanocomposites
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Materials Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2633-5409. ; 1:6, s. 1653-1664
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of particle surface termination by zinc or oxygen were evaluated for composites containing micro-sized ZnO particles with rod shapes (17% oxygen terminations) or ball shapes (67% oxygen terminations), and it was found that the rods gave a conductivity (1.2 x 10(-16) S m(-1)) half that given by the ball-shaped particles (2.4 x 10(-16) S m(-1)). Both composites containing the micro-sized particles showed a conductivity almost two orders of magnitude lower than that of the LDPE reference material (1.2 x 10(-14) S m(-1)). When a 5 nm thick silica coating was applied to the particles, the silica encapsulation eliminated the difference between the particles and resulted in both cases in an increase in conductivity by an order of magnitude to ca. 2 x 10(-15) S m(-1). The conductivity was still lower than that of the pristine polyethylene polymer. It was concluded that neither the particle morphology nor the inter-particle distance (1 mu m for rods and 8 mu m for balls) had any effect on the conductivity of the composites for identically terminated particles, while demonstrating that the conductivity of these materials relies uniquely on the particle surface terminations. In contrast, a markedly reduced conductivity was observed for composites containing the same particles but terminated with aliphatic hydrocarbon tails, the conductivity for both rod-shaped and ball-shaped particles (1 x 10(-16) S m(-1)) being reduced to even lower values than for the pristine particles without surface modification. The same trend was observed with the 25 nm ZnO nanoparticles, showing a record low conductivity of 1 x 10(-17) S m(-1) for 3 wt% nanoparticles with aliphatic hydrocarbon tails. In practical applications, this would permit higher operation voltages than currently employed HVDC cable systems by controlling the resistivity of the composite insulation for various electric fields and temperatures and making it possible to tailor the dielectric design of cable components.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Nakamura, Richard, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Chinese Acquiring Japanese: Motives and Patterns of Chinese Outward M&A to Japan
- 2014
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Ingår i: Asia Pacific Management Review. - 1029-3132. ; 19:3, s. 299-320
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper examines the growing trend of Chinese FDI into Japan. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pattern and characteristics of the Chinese mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in Japan in terms of motives, aims for the investments and the nationality composition of the post-M&A management team. By investigating the Chinese outward FDIs to Japan, defined for the purpose of this study as M&As, since the initiation of the "Going out" strategy in 2000, we attempt to identify the motives and post-acquisition ownership structure of these M&As, and also reflect our findings on contemporary empirical research on Chinese outward FDI. Our results suggest that the Chinese M&As in Japan are a result of well-considered investment decisions, which seem to follow a conscious strategy of aiming for strategic assets and resources that is used to strengthen the competitive position or attaining superior competitive advantage on the Chinese home market.
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| 40. |
- Nakamura, Richard, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Chinese inward M&A in Japan – Do they contribute to spatial dynamics and are they influenced by regional institutional support?
- 2014
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Ingår i: The AJBS 2014 Conference, Vancouver, Canada.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The increasing integration of the Japanese and Chinese economies has become an important part of the regional economic development in East Asia. China is today the most important trading partner for Japan and the Japanese investments in China, by expanding regional production networks, have been vital for developing the industrial base in both countries. While, the Japanese FDIs in China are well documented in the literature, the increasing FDI from China to Japan is, however, little known and discussed in the literature. We study the development of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) between Chinese and Japanese firms after the implementation of the “Going Out” policy. The aim of the paper is to give an account of the development and context for these M&As, as well as analyzing the preliminary results of these investments. Grounded in this study we will also examine the spatial dynamics and influence of regional institutional support on this type of FDI in Japan. By adding these dimensions, the paper aims to generate a contribution to the management geography literature. Empirical examination of the Chinese inward M&As shows a tremendous increase in the amount of cases during the last few years. Chinese investors are seeking strategic assets and new markets, and earlier research shows that investments are conducted in industries where the Chinese government has put special priority. Our findings suggest that regional incentive schemes outside the large urban areas tend not to influence Chinese M&A and location decisions in any significant manner. Furthermore, we conclude that Chinese investors are investing equally in bankrupted as well as healthy firms, and the management of these companies is in almost all cases continued to be run by Japanese, but the Chinese investors seem to take an active role in the board.
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| 41. |
- Nakamura, Richard, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Chinese outward M&A to Japan – Do they have any impact?
- 2014
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Ingår i: The 8th China Goes Global Conference 2014, Shanghai, China.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose. China is today the most important trading partner for Japan and the Japanese investments in China, by expanding regional production networks, have been vital for developing the industrial base in these countries. However, while the Japanese FDIs in China are well documented in the literature, FDI from China to Japan is little known and discussed in the literature. Design/methodology/approach. We study the cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) between Chinese and Japanese firms after the implementation of the “Go Global” policy. The aim of the paper is to give an account of the motives and context for these M&As, as well as analyzing quantitatively the aims and results of these investments from managerial and locational aspects. Findings. Empirical examinations of Chinese M&As in Japan show an increasing trend over the last few years. Chinese investors are seeking strategic assets and new markets, and investments are conducted in strategic industries designated by the Chinese government. We conclude that Chinese investors are investing equally in bankrupted as well as healthy firms, and these companies is in almost all cases continued to be run by Japanese. Furthermore, our findings suggest that regional incentive schemes outside the large urban areas do not influence M&A decisions in any significant manner. Research implication. Investments in regional or peripheral areas can help to strengthen core-cities and would possibly receive support from local governments in a way to strengthen the local economic base. Thus, by adding this spatial dimension, the paper contributes to the literature in management geography.
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| 42. |
- Nakamura, Richard, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Digitalization and green economy transition: Smart Cities and Society 5.0
- 2023
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Ingår i: The 39th EAMSA2023 conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Originally a vision launched by the Japanese government in 2016, the Smart cities concept or Society 5.0 has attracted attention not only in Japan, but also in the EU in connection to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the UN. This development can be seen in the light of increasing climate challenges and the debate on how society needs a broader transformation, aided by digital means, to achieve a sustainable future. The transition has different connotations through policy development and is initiated with both a bottom-up and top-down perspective. In addition, this development coincides with the complexity of technological development and the evolution of society at large. These endeavors are, and will not, develop in an isolated context, but rather through globalization in trade and investment, bringing the economies of Japan and the EU closer together. The recent Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), the Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA), and the Green Alliance are involving issues such as climate change and connectivity. Using Japan-EU relations and digitalization of the Japanese society as the units for discussion, this paper aims at studying challenges in the economic and business contexts associated with the Smart Cities and Society 5.0 concepts. Developing sustainable society and urban formations based on information and communication technology (ICT) requires a critical assessment on what stakeholders can bring in relation to the transition towards a green economy and how the public sector and private business can contribute in such a transformation. This development relates to the issue of how policy is being developed and anchored within a society.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Nakamura, Richard, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Japanese Business Reinvention in Europe
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The 37th EAMSA2021 conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The turmoil after the Brexit vote in 2016 lead to many Japanese MNCs revaluating their presence in the UK for the benefit of European Single Market by relocating their activities out of the UK. However, Japanese MNCs have a long history of investments in the continental Europe. These Japanese FDIs to the EU are also important tokens of an organizational and managerial reorientation of the Japanese corporate landscape that did start by mid-1990s as a direct result of the end of the Bubble economy. In this context, Japanese acquisitions at the periphery of the EU is little known. In this study, we are taking Sweden as an example of a highly developed European industrial nation, home of several world-leading companies. We are analyzing four major Swedish companies acquired by large Japanese MNCs in the 2000s from locational, managerial, and R&D perspectives. Our results suggest that the Japanese parent MNCs have let the acquired Swedish firms be highly autonomous, allowing them to independently decide on operational issues, business decisions and R&D. We observe high level of trust and respect for the Swedish firms’ market and product knowledge and competencies while refraining from a heavy-handed HQ management by control and fiat.
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| 46. |
- Nakamura, Richard, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Japanese Business Reinvention in Europe: The case of Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Association of Japanese Business Studies, AJBS.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With the turmoil associated with the Brexit vote in 2016, many Japanese MNCs started to prepare for relocating their activities out of the UK. Japanese MNCs had already a long history of investments in Europe. Japanese FDIs, ranging from being natural resource-seeking to strategic asset-seeking investments, to the EU can also be seen as a result of an organizational and managerial reorientation of the Japanese corporate landscape that did start by mid-1990s as a direct result of the bursting of the Bubble economy. In this context, Japanese acquisitions at the periphery of the EU is little known. In this study, we are taking Sweden as an example of a highly developed European industrial nation, home of several world-leading companies. We are analyzing four major Swedish companies acquired by large Japanese MNCs in the 2000s from locational, managerial, and R&D perspectives. Our results suggest that the Japanese parent MNCs have let the acquired Swedish firms be highly autonomous, allowing them to independently decide on operational issues, business decisions and R&D. We observe high level of trust and respect for the Swedish firms’ market and product knowledge and competencies while refraining from a heavy-handed HQ management by control and fiat.
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| 47. |
- Nakamura, Richard, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Japanese Economic Engagement With the EU: Geopolitics Meets Business
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Business and Economics. - : North American Business Press. - 1499-691X. ; 24:2, s. 24-39
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the recent years the world has experienced a shift towards complex relations being formed in the growinginterlacing between geoeconomics and geopolitics. This paper aims at bringing geoeconomics and geopolitics onthe macroeconomic level together with the potential implications for Japanese firms operating in Europe andmore specifically within the EU Single Market. The paper grounds the analysis within international politicaleconomy, international business and economic geography. This broad, eclectic theoretical foundation enables theanalysis to contribute to a deeper understanding of how firms respond to and potentially drive the politicaldevelopment of trade and investment relations. Hence, the paper strives to examine how geopolitics alter theflows of trade and investments, but also to map a new configuration taking place in parallel on the firm level ofindustrial dynamics and economic geographical footprint.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Nakamura, Richard, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
The Abe Legacy
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 50. |
- Nakamura, Richard, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
THE CHINESE FIRMS’ UTILIZATION OF FOREIGN ACQUISITIONS IN PERIPHERAL INDUSTRIALIZED REGIONS FOR ENHANCING INNOVATION CAPABILITIES
- 2015
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Ingår i: 4th Global Conference on Economic Geography. 19-23 August 2015..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the initiation of the”Going Out” strategy in 2000, China has become the most important emerging economy foreign direct investor of the world. In 2012, China became the 3rd largest foreign investor in the world (UNCTAD, 2013), and in 2014 the outgoing investments are for the first time expected to exceed the incoming FDI (Financial Times, 22 Oct., 2014). The Chinese outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) have been targeting both mature and developing economies in parallel in order to make use of different competitive and locational advantages. New forms of regional economic interconnectedness are being developed in different spatial contexts. The question of where in space innovation and value-‐added is generated has become a central part of the complexity of the economy where advanced manufacturing and services are intertwined (EU, 2014). By using the case of the Baltic Sea region, the combined approach of internationalization theory, innovation management theory and location theory will create a better conceptual framework to understand the Chinese undertakings. The increasing integration of Chinese industries into the world economy is recognized as being an important contributor to regional economic development (e.g., Alon et al, 2012; Alvstam et al, 2009). This paper aims to make a systematic investigation of the current state of the innovation capability-‐building dimensions of Chinese OFDIs in peripheral industrialized regions such as the countries in the Baltic Sea region. By expanding their regional production networks to include also European firms and production units, as well as utilizing them to create new capabilities, the Chinese firms represent a concrete example of the strength in ownership integration between China on one hand and the Baltic Sea region on the other.
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