| 1. |
- Ekberg, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of precautionary behaviors during outbreaks of pandemic influenza : modeling of regional differences
- 2009
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Ingår i: AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. - Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA : American Medical Informatics Association. - 1942-597X. ; 2009, s. 163-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using time geographic theory for representation of population mixing, we set out to analyze the relative impact from precautionary behaviors on outbreaks of pandemic influenza in Europe and Asia. We extended an existing simulator environment with behavioral parameters from a population survey to model different behaviors. We found that precautionary behaviors even among a minority of the population can have a decisive effect on the probability of the outbreak to propagate. The results also display that assumptions strongly influences the outcome. Depending on the interpretation of how many "children" are kept from "school", R(0) changes from a range where outbreak progression is possible to a range where it is improbable in both European (R(0)=1.77/1.23) and Asian (R(0)=1.70/1.05) conditions. We conclude that unprompted distancing can have a decisive effect on pandemic propagation. An important response strategy can be to promote voluntary precautionary behavior shown to reduce disease transmission.
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| 2. |
- Timpka, Toomas, et al.
(författare)
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Population-based simulations of influenza pandemics : validity and significance for public health policy
- 2009
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Ingår i: BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 87:4, s. 305-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To examine the validity and usefulness of pandemic simulations aimed at informing practical decision-making in public health. Methods We recruited a multidisciplinary group of nine experts to assess a case-study simulation of influenza transmission in a Swedish county. We used a non-statistical nominal group technique to generate evaluations of the plausibility, formal validity (verification) and predictive validity of the simulation. A health-effect assessment structure was used as a framework for data collection. Findings The unpredictability, of social order during disasters was not adequately addressed by simulation methods; even minor disruptions of the social order may invalidate key infrastructural assumptions underpinning current pandemic simulation models. Further, a direct relationship between model flexibility and computation time was noted. Consequently, simulation methods cannot, in practice, support integrated modifications of microbiological, epidemiological and spatial submodels or handle multiple parallel scenarios. Conclusion The combination of incomplete surveillance data and simulation methods that neglect social dynamics limits the ability of national public health agencies to provide policy-makers and the general public with the critical and timely information needed during a pandemic.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Satsning mot bostadsbränder
- 2014
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Ingår i: Brandposten. ; :50, s. 18-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Beelen, Rob, et al.
(författare)
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Development of NO2 and NOx land use regression models for estimating air pollution exposure in 36 study areas in Europe : the ESCAPE project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 72, s. 10-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimating within-city variability in air pollution concentrations is important. Land use regression (LUR) models are able to explain such small-scale within-city variations. Transparency in LUR model development methods is important to facilitate comparison of methods between different studies. We therefore developed LUR models in a standardized way in 36 study areas in Europe for the ESCAPE (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) project.Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were measured with Ogawa passive samplers at 40 or 80 sites in each of the 36 study areas. The spatial variation in each area was explained by LUR modeling. Centrally and locally available Geographic Information System (GIS) variables were used as potential predictors. A leave-one out cross-validation procedure was used to evaluate the model performance.There was substantial contrast in annual average NO2 and NOx concentrations within the study areas. The model explained variances (R2) of the LUR models ranged from 55% to 92% (median 82%) for NO2 and from 49% to 91% (median 78%) for NOx. For most areas the cross-validation R2 was less than 10% lower than the model R2. Small-scale traffic and population/household density were the most common predictors. The magnitude of the explained variance depended on the contrast in measured concentrations as well as availability of GIS predictors, especially traffic intensity data were important. In an additional evaluation, models in which local traffic intensity was not offered had 10% lower R2 compared to models in the same areas in which these variables were offered.Within the ESCAPE project it was possible to develop LUR models that explained a large fraction of the spatial variance in measured annual average NO2 and NOx concentrations. These LUR models are being used to estimate outdoor concentrations at the home addresses of participants in over 30 cohort studies.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Blaauboer, Marjolein, et al.
(författare)
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Life course preferences, sibling ties and the geographical dispersion of sibling networks
- 2013
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Ingår i: Population, Space and Place. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1544-8444 .- 1544-8452. ; 19:5, s. 594-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Swedish register data, we analyse how life course preferences and sibling ties are related to the geographical dispersion of siblings. We argue that life course preferences and siblings ties are influenced by siblings' socio-demographic characteristics, by similarities and differences between them, and by their family background. The measurement of geographical dispersion, the nearest neighbour index, allows us to go beyond dyadic relationships and investigate entire networks. Results from the OLS regression analysis show that life course preferences are related to the dispersion of siblings, and that differences between siblings are associated with a greater geographical dispersion than similarities are. Sibling ties developed during childhood also seem to be associated with the dispersion of sibling networks.
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| 9. |
- Chihaya Da Silva, Guilherme Kenjy, et al.
(författare)
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Trajectories of Spatial Assimilation or Place Stratification? : A Typology of Residence and Workplace Histories of Newly Arrived Migrants in Sweden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The international migration review. - : Sage Publications. - 0197-9183 .- 1747-7379. ; 56:2, s. 433-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most societies, resources and opportunities are concentrated in neighbor-hoods and workplaces occupied by the host population. The spatial assimilationand place stratification theories propose trajectories (the sequences of events)leading to minority and migrant access to or exclusion from these advantageousplaces. However, most previous research on these theories did not ask whethersuch theorized trajectories occur. We apply sequence analysis to decade-long res-idence and workplace histories of newly arrived migrants in Sweden to identify atypology of combined residence-work trajectories. The seven types of trajecto-ries in our typology are characterized by varying degrees of proximity to thehost population in residential neighborhoods and workplaces and by different pat-terns of change in such proximity over time. The pivotal role of socioeconomicgains in spatial assimilation, posited by the namesake theory, is not supported, aswe do not find that migrant employment precedes residence alongside the hostpopulation. The importance of housing-market discrimination for migrants’exclusion from host-dominated spaces, posited by place stratification theory, isonly weakly supported, as we find that migrants from less affluent countries accu-mulate disadvantage over time, likely due to discrimination in both the labor andhousing markets. Our findings also underscore the need for new theories explain-ing migrant residential outcomes which apply to contexts where migrant-denseneighborhoods are still forming.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Demiroglu, O. Cenk, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Ski Tourism and Climate Change : Agent-Based Modelling with Discrete Choice Experiment, the Ski Climate Index and Geographical Information Systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Mountain Conference, Innsbruck, September 8-12, 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One main goal of sustainability is climate action, which is determined by the United Nations as one that encourages climate resilience and mitigating emissions. Sweden is a leading country to follow this global agenda with major efforts on decarbonization and adaptation. For these purposes, however, detailed analyses are required to assess the trajectories by and the impacts on various sectors. Regarding tourism, which is a main sector of the Swedish economy that significantly fosters regional development, not much scientific foundation has been laid so far. This is especially true for the highly climate-dependent ski tourism sub-sector, albeit Sweden is among the top players of the global ski market, following a growth trend unlike many other conventional destinations. This study aims for a detailed assessment on the vulnerability of Swedish ski tourism to climate change and its implications and consequences for resilience building and mitigation efforts by pursuing an interdisciplinary methodology that employs and combines discrete choice experiment, geographical information systems, agent-based modelling and the newly proposed Ski Climate Index. The specific research questions are; (1) “how exposed are the existing and the potential ski areas in Sweden to climate change?”, (2) “how sensitive and adaptive is the Swedish ski tourism market to climate change?”, and (3) “what are the potential risks of increased emissions due to adaptation efforts of the Swedish ski tourism sector as well as any counterproductivity associated with further introduction of mitigation policies, and what measures could be taken to avoid any increase in such ‘rebound’ effects?”. In this respect, the results are expected to provide the stakeholders with a thorough agenda for adaptation that takes account of its interrelationship with mitigation and to contribute to literature with the interdisciplinary methodology and the geographical scope. Implications for the Nordic and the global scales are further discussed.
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| 12. |
- Eriksson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A Flexible Simulation Architecture for Pandemic Influenza Simulation
- 2015
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Ingår i: AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. - : American Medical Informatics Association. - 1942-597X. ; 2015, s. 533-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation is an important resource for studying the dynamics of pandemic influenza and predicting the potential impact of interventions. However, there are several challenges for the design of such simulator architectures. Specifically, it is difficult to develop simulators that combine flexibility with run-time performance. This tradeoff is problematic in the pandemic-response setting because it makes it challenging to extend and adapt simulators for ongoing situations where rapid results are indispensable. Simulation architectures based on aspect-oriented programming can model specific concerns of the simulator and can allow developers to rapidly extend the simulator in new ways without sacrificing run-time performance. It is possible to use such aspects in conjunction with separate simulation models, which define community, disease, and intervention properties. The implication of this research for pandemic response is that aspects can add a novel layer of flexibility to simulation environments, which enables modelers to extend the simulator run-time component to new requirements that go beyond the original modeling framework.
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| 13. |
- Eriksson, Henrik, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Multicore Processing for Pandemic Influenza Simulation.
- 2016
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Ingår i: AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. - : American Medical Informatics Association. ; , s. 534-540
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pandemic simulation is a useful tool for analyzing outbreaks and exploring the impact of variations in disease, population, and intervention models. Unfortunately, this type of simulation can be quite time-consuming especially for large models and significant outbreaks, which makes it difficult to run the simulations interactively and to use simulation for decision support during ongoing outbreaks. Improved run-time performance enables new applications of pandemic simulations, and can potentially allow decision makers to explore different scenarios and intervention effects. Parallelization of infection-probability calculations and multicore architectures can take advantage of modern processors to achieve significant run-time performance improvements. However, because of the varying computational load during each simulation run, which originates from the changing number of infectious persons during the outbreak, it is not useful to us the same multicore setup during the simulation run. The best performance can be achieved by dynamically changing the use of the available processor cores to balance the overhead of multithreading with the performance gains of parallelization.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Erixon Arreman, Inger, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Employability of Swedish student teacher alumni
- 2008
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Ingår i: Teacher education policy in Europe. - Umeå : Institutionen för tillämpad utbildningsvetenskap, Umeå universitet. - 9789172646001 ; , s. 157-181
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, “employability” has become an increasingly central concept in higher education, in no small part since it constitutes an important aspect of the Bologna Process. The project “Teachers’ employability” is a project carried out on behalf of the Faculty of Teacher Education at Umeå University – one of the major providers of teacher education in Sweden – and is a part of a broader university effort to evaluate and increase employability. The aim of the project is to examine the situation of the university’s student teachers after graduation, as well as to find out how the former students and their employers view their education. The study is based on the longitudinal individual database ASTRID, questionnaires and interviews. This paper reports findings from the project, focusing on 1) employment situation, income development and mobility patterns of recent alumni (class of 2000) and 2) primary employers’ (school leaders) view of the quality and usefulness of the present teacher education curriculum. While employability is generally high, there are significant differences in career paths and income development, depending on for instance type of degree and place of residence. The interviews with school leaders reveal that although the present curriculum is perceived to have certain general limitations, it is viewed as more suited for pre-school rather than comprehensive school and gymnasium teacher education.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Fröberg, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of experimental fertilization and soil warming on dissolved organic matter leaching from a spruce forest in Northern Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Geoderma. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7061 .- 1872-6259. ; 200-201, s. 172-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen deposition and increasing temperature are two of the major large-scale changes projected for coming decades and the effect of this change on dissolved organic matter is largely unknown. We have utilized a long-term fertilization and soil warming experiment in Northern Sweden to study the effects of increased nutrient levels and increased temperature on DOC transport under the O horizon. The site is N limited and mean annual temperature 2. °C. Experimental fertilization with ammonium nitrate and a physiological mixture of other macro- and micro-nutrients has been going on for 22. years and soil warming, 5. °C above ambient soil temperature for 14. years, prior to the study. Experimental plots have been irrigated to avoid drying and we also studied the effect of this long-term irrigation on DOC by establishing control plots receiving no irrigation.DOC concentrations and fluxes under the O horizon were approximately 50% higher in fertilized plots than in non-fertilized control plots. We did not find any statistically significant effect of soil warming. There was a statistically significant effect of long-term irrigation on DOC with higher DOC concentration and fluxes in irrigated plots than in plots without irrigation. There were no major effects on DOC quality measured by specific UV absorbance. Fertilization approximately doubled soil organic matter stocks in the O horizon, whereas there were no such effects of warming or irrigation on soil organic matter amounts. There was no statistically significant treatment effect on DOC collected from the B horizon. We hypothesize that the positive effect of fertilization on DOC is related to increased soil C stocks.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Hanke, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Stability Analysis of a Degenerate Hyperbolic System Modelling a Heat Exchanger
- 2007
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Ingår i: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4754 .- 1872-7166. ; 74:1, s. 8-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mathematical modelling of a heat exchanger in a carbon dioxide heat pump, an evaporator, is considered. A reduced model, called the the zero Mach-number limit, is derived from the Euler equations of compressible liquid flow through elimination of time scales associated with sound waves. The well-posedness of the resulting partial differential-algebraic equation (PDAE) is investigated by analysis of a frozen coefficient linearisation as well as by numerical experiments. The linear stability analysis is done through transformation to a canonical form with one hyperbolic component and one parabolic block of dimension 2. Using this canonical form it is seen how to prescribe boundary and initial data and an energy estimate is derived. Numerical experiments on the nonlinear PDAE using a finite difference spatial discretisation support the linear stability analysis.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Haugen, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in accessibility 1995-2005
- 2009
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the NECTAR Cluster on Accessibility, Cagliari, Italy. - Cagliari.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
- Haugen, Katarina, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Proximity, accessibility and choice : a matter of taste or condition?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Papers in regional science (Print). - : Wiley. - 1056-8190 .- 1435-5957. ; 91:1, s. 65-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on a combination of register data and travel survey data, this research explores changes in the accessibility to different amenities for the Swedish population between 1995 and 2005, as well as the reasons behind the changes: redistribution of either amenities or the population. Overall, proximity has increased concerning most of the amenities during the period. However, despite decreasing 'potential' distances, actual travel distances are growing longer due to, for example, an increasing selectivity in preferences. An analysis of the accessibility development for service amenities shows that restructuring within the service sector is the main cause of the changes, and to a lesser extent population redistribution.
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| 24. |
- Helgesson, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Coordinated care planning for elderly patients using videoconferencing
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. - 1357-633X. ; 11:2, s. 85-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the transfer of information during coordinated care planning between a university hospital and a local health care centre/social welfare department about 35 km away. During a seven-month study period, 10 sessions were conducted by videoconferencing and seven sessions were conducted by face-to-face conferencing. Videoconferencing reduced the time required for each coordinated care-planning session from an average of 60 to 45 min. There was also an increase in the number of participating professional categories. Travel time for the staff in the face-to-face group was 60-180 min each. Use of a care-planning report during the sessions resulted in improved quality of documentation, which contributed to better care following discharge. The technical problems that occurred did not detract from the beneficial experience of participating. Interviews with next of kin showed that they had been able to influence the content of the care during the care-planning sessions. Videoconferencing proved useful in coordinated care planning. It resulted in time saved due to reduced travel time, participation by more staff categories and an enhancement of the documentation quality.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Holm, Einar, et al.
(författare)
-
SVERIGE
- 2007
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Ingår i: Modelling our Future. - : Elsevier, Amsterdam. - 9780444530059 ; , s. 543-549
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Holm, Einar, et al.
(författare)
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Tid för arbete
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Håkansson, Charlotta, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of fertilization on soil CH4 and N2O fluxes in young Norway spruce stands
- 2021
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change mitigation strategies have increased the demand for wood products, resulting in an urgent needto increase wood production. One approach is to fertilize forest land, but this can influence greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes within the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of forest N fertilization onsoil CH4 and N2O fluxes in young Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in southern Sweden. The gasfluxes were measured using flow-through non-steady-state dark chambers. In the first, long-term, experiment,half of the stand was fertilized twice (once in 2014 and once in 2016) with 150 kg ha-1 of N, and gas fluxmeasurements were taken throughout 2014–2017. In the second, dose, experiment, 0, 150, 300, or 450 kg ha-1 of N was added to the stand in April 2016, and gas flux measurements were taken during April-December 2016.The dose experiment showed that the sink strength of CH4 decreased with increasing amounts of N; the long-termexperiment indicated that repeated fertilization decreased the CH4 sink strength over time. Additionally, thelong-term experiment indicated that, while significantly higher N2O emissions were recorded in the fertilizationyears, this was not detected in subsequent years, suggesting the effect to be short-lived. In the dose experiment,fertilization tended to increase the N2O emissions relative to the amount of fertilizer. However, despite thesignificant effects of fertilization on these GHGs, the summed fluxes were a fraction of the net uptake of C at thesites, as recorded in another study. These findings suggest that fertilizing forest land with commercial NP or NPKfertilizers corresponding to 150 kg ha-1 of N, the level used in operational forestry in Sweden today, can beconducted without changing CH4 and N2O fluxes to any great extent.
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| 34. |
- Häggström Lundevaller, Erling, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial dynamic micro-simulation of demographic development
- 2007
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Ingår i: 1st General Conference of the International Microsimulation Association.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a world of changing demographical patterns, tools for keeping track of these changes are of great importance. Different regions are in different stages of the demographic transition and are affected differently of migration patterns. A tool to project the demographic development at a regional level is therefore of great importance. This article we discusses the demographic development in the county Västerbotten in Sweden and in that context why and how a micro simulation model can be used for these purposes.
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| 35. |
- Häggström Lundevaller, Erling, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Statistik i geografi : Slutrapport av pedagogiskt projekt
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Statistik ingår som ett viktigt hjälpämne i andra akademiska ämnen som använder kvantitativa data, till exempel kulturgeografi. Kulturgeografi har vidare betydande inslag av användning av Geografiska informationssystem (GIS), där det finns stora beröringsytor med statistik. En integrering av områdena geografi och statistik kan således ge studenterna stort mervärde. Det innebär ofta en pedagogisk utmaning att förmedla statistisk kunskap till studenter som i huvudsak har sin bakgrund inom ämnen som innehåller lite kontakt med statistiska tankegångar. Detta projekts huvudsyfte har varit att utveckla en pedagogisk ansats som är lämplig i denna situation. Projektet har i första hand genomförts inom ramen för en kurs på avancerad nivå, där statistik och geografi integrerats och lärts ut med en casebaserad ansats.
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| 36. |
- Johansson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of air pollution and health by changing commuting from car to bicycle
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 584-585, s. 55-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our study is based on individual data on people’s home and work addresses, as well as their age, sex and physical capacity, in order to establish realistic bicycle-travel distances. A transport model is used to single out data on commuting preferences in the County Stockholm. Our analysis shows there is a very large potential for reducing emissions and exposure if all car drivers living within a distance corresponding to a maximum of a 30 minute bicycle ride to work would change to commuting by bicycle. It would result in more than 111 000 new cyclists, corresponding to an increase of 209% compared to the current situation.Mean population exposure would be reduced by about 7% for both NOx and black carbon (BC) in the most densely populated area of the inner city of Stockholm. Applying a relative risk for NOx of 8% decrease in all-cause mortality associated with a 10 µg m-3 decrease in NOx, this corresponds to more than 449 (95% CI: 340 - 558) years of life saved annually for the Stockholm county area with 2.1 million inhabitants. This is more than double the effect of the reduced mortality estimated for the introduction of congestion charge in Stockholm in 2006. Using NO2 or BC as indicator of health impacts, we obtain 395 (95% CI: 172 - 617) and 185 (95% CI: 158 - 209) years of life saved for the population, respectively. The calculated exposure of BC and its corresponding impacts on mortality are likely underestimated. With this in mind the estimates using NOx, NO2 and BC show quite similar health impacts considering the 95% confidence intervals.
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| 37. |
- Lindgren, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Analyzing Socio-Economic Impacts of Large Investments by Spatial Microsimulation
- 2007
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Ingår i: 1st General Conference of the International Microsimulation Association.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the near future, a nuclear waste repository will be located in either Östhammar or Oskarshamn, two Swedish municipalities. This is a major investment that is likely to have socio-economic implications at the local level for several decades. In order to analyze the indirect local effects of such large investments, a spatial and dynamic microsimulation model (SVERIGE 3) has been constructed. The model simulates demographic events (e.g., fertility and migration) as well as education and the labor market. In this study, the simulation model is utilized to evaluate a number of scenarios comprising various potential investments in Östhammar, one of which is the nuclear waste repository. As part of the study, the direct local effect of the investments was estimated. When running the model, the estimated direct local effects function as exogenous economic input to concerned labor market sectors. The results of the simulations indicate that investments such as the nuclear waste repository will have some economic and demographic effects. However, infrastructure projects that increase accessibility seem to generate more profound and long-lasting effects at the local level. A municipality such as Östhammar, located close the Stockholm metropolitan area, may be especially likely to benefit by such infrastructure investments.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Lindgren, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Slutförvaret och det lokala näringslivet : en undersökning om upphandlingsbehov och leverantörskapacitet i Östhammar och Oskarshamn
- 2006
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Ingår i: Samhällsforskning 2006. - Stockholm : SKB. - 9197614130 ; , s. 48-65
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studier av upphandlingar till stora investeringar i industriell produktion och infrastruktur har visat att storleken på de lokala ekonomiska spridningseffekterna beror på vilken typ av investering det är och var den äger rum. Exempelvis tenderar de lokala effekterna att vara större i befolkningstäta områden med stort och diversifierat näringsliv. I den här presentationen belyser Urban Lindgren och Magnus Strömgren de ekonomiska spridningseffekter som etableringen av slutförvaret kan föra med sig när det byggs i Oskarshamns eller Östhammars kommun.
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| 40. |
- Lindgren, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Slutförvarets lokala effekter på befolkning och sysselsättning i Östhammar och Oskarshamn
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna studie ställs frågan om vilka lokala spridningseffekter investeringen i ett slutförvar för använt kärnbränsle kan komma att få. För närvarande pågår platsundersökningar i Östhammar och Oskarshamn och slutförvaret kommer med stor sannolikhet att byggas i någon av dessa kommuner. Genomförandet av slutförvarsprojektet består av ett flertal olika investeringar vars lokaliseringsförutsättningar skiljer sig åt. Förutom slutförvaret för använt kärnbränsle ingår även utbyggnad av SFR (Slutförvar för radioaktivt driftavfall) och byggandet av en inkapslingsanläggning och en "kapselfabrik", för montering av kapslar. Utbyggnaden av SFR måste ske i Östhammar då SFR redan finns där och inkapslingsanläggningen bör enligt SKB byggas i anslutning till Clab (Centralt mellanlager för använt kärnbränsle) som är förlagt till Oskarshamn. Dessa omständigheter betyder att delar av den totala investeringssumman för slutförvaret (cirka 15 miljarder kronor) redan nu går att knyta till specifika platser.Resultaten från en enkätundersökning visar att näringslivet i de två kommunerna skiljer sig åt med avseende på möjligheter att leverera varor och tjänster till slutförvarsinvesteringen. Vid en jämförelse mellan leverantörskapacitet och upphandlingsbehov förefaller det som om att det lokala näringslivet i Oskarshamn har en sammansättning som bättre matchar slutförvarsinvesteringens behov.De lokala spridningseffekterna av slutförvarsinvesteringen begränsas emellertid inte till de aktiviteter som härrör till byggnation av anläggningar. Drift och efterarbeten vid anläggningarna ger också inkomster och arbetstillfällen. Slutförvaret med sidoinvesteringar kommer att generera spridningseffekter i både Östhammar och Oskarshamn oavsett i vilken kommun slutförvaret lokaliseras. Däremot blir de ekonomiska spridningseffekterna olika på grund av skillnader i det lokala näringslivets leverantörskapacitet och förutbestämda lokaliseringar av vissa sidoinvesteringar. Analyserna antyder bland annat att de lokala spridningseffekterna blir tämligen stora i Oskarshamn om Östhammar får slutförvaret, medan effekterna i Östhammar blir ytterst begränsade om slutförvaret placeras i Oskarshamn.
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| 41. |
- Macpherson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial assimilation and native partnership : evidence of Iranian and Iraqi immigrant mobility from segregated areas in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Population, Space and Place. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1544-8444 .- 1544-8452. ; 19:3, s. 311-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies testing ‘spatial assimilation’ are no longer restricted to traditional suburbanisation movements correlated with high education, income and exposure to the ‘majority’ population. Instead, greater emphasis is now being placed on other ‘cultural’ and ‘social’ aspects associated with assimilation and different patterns of movements. While these ideas have remained dominant in North America, fewer studies have tested their applicability in European contexts. This paper addresses this by examining the spatial mobility of Iranian and Iraqi immigrants from segregated areas within Stockholm County, Sweden. By using register data for individuals for the years 2001 and 2007, binary logistic regressions reveal how significant differences emerge between those who move and those who stay, particularly for human capital (education) prior to movement and social capital (having a ‘Swedish’ partner) after movement. This raises important questions for future research dealing with issues of integration, segregation and mobility.
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| 42. |
- Malmqvist, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing ozone exposure for epidemiological studies in Malmo and Umea, Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 94, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ground level ozone [ozone] is considered a harmful air pollutant but there is a knowledge gap regarding its long term health effects. The main aim of this study is to develop local Land Use Regression [LUR] models that can be used to study long term health effects of ozone. The specific aim is to develop spatial LUR models for two Swedish cities, Umea and Malmo, as well as a temporal model for Malmo in order to assess ozone exposure for long term epidemiological studies. For the spatial model we measured ozone, using Ogawa passive samplers, as weekly averages at 40 sites in each study area, during three seasons. This data was then inserted in the LUR-model with data on traffic, land use, population density and altitude to develop explanatory models of ozone variation. To develop the temporal model for Malmo, hourly ozone data was aggregated into daily means for two measurement stations in Malmo and one in a rural area outside Malmo. Using regression analyses we inserted meteorological variables into different temporal models and the one that performed best for all three stations was chosen. For Malmo the LUR-model had an adjusted model R-2 of 0.40 and cross validation R-2 of 0.17. For Umea the model had an adjusted model R-2 of 0.67 and cross validation adjusted R-2 of 0.48. When restricting the model to only including measuring sites from urban areas, the Malmo model had adjusted model R-2 of 0.51 (cross validation adjusted R-2 0.33) and the Umea model had adjusted model R-2 of 0.81 (validation adjusted R-2 of 0.73). The temporal model had adjusted model R-2 0.54 and 0.61 for the two Malmo sites, the cross validation adjusted R-2 was 0.42. In conclusion, we can with moderate accuracy, at least for Umea, predict the spatial variability, and in Malmo the temporal variability in ozone variation. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 43. |
- Marcińczak, Szymon, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of immigrant-native segregation at multiple spatial scales in urban Europe
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of ethnic and migration studies. - : Routledge. - 1369-183X .- 1469-9451. ; 49:1, s. 43-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a strong degree of interest over the last 30 years towards immigrant segregation in Europe. This paper aims to contribute towards the existing body of research by extending the multi-scalar analysis of patterns of immigrant residential segregation into a coherent international comparative study of cities of different sizes. We investigate the patterns of immigrant-native segregation at different geographical scales, along with their correlates, in more than a hundred cities in 2011 across Germany, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Our findings suggest that cities in the UK are the most highly segregated in Europe. The positions of the other countries in the ‘European segregation ranking’ depend upon the considered immigrant group and spatial scale. The national context is consistently the most important factor in understanding segregation at multiple spatial scales. However, even while taking into account the national contexts, the structural-ecological factors remain important predictors of segregation patterns in Europe.
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| 44. |
- Marcinczak, Szymon, et al.
(författare)
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Change or continuity? : Evolution of residential and workplace segregation in the Stockholm metropolitan region
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The origins of immigrants coming to Sweden as well as their lifestyles and labour market skills have changed substantially since the early 1990s. The last decades have also resulted in a gradual transition of the Swedish economy from industrial to more service oriented (activities relatedto ‘the new economy’). These two processes inevitably contributed to the pace of segregation in major urban regions of Sweden, regions that have been at the forefront of economic change and that have remained the main destination of many immigrants. So far, the majority of studies on segregation in Sweden have been limited to research the residential dimension only. Yet, it should be emphasised that cities contain clusters of jobs and people and that these clusters together form the socio-economic fabric of urban regions. This paper thus adopts a dynamic approach to exa- mine the evolution of residential and workplace segregation in the ethnically diverse Stockholm Metropolitan Region. Referring to the recent advancements in segregation studies we define the phenomenon of segregation as both process and pattern, and scrutinize them respectively.
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| 45. |
- Marcinczak, Szymon, et al.
(författare)
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Changing patterns of residential and workplace segregation in the Stockholm metropolitan area
- 2015
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Ingår i: Urban geography. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0272-3638 .- 1938-2847. ; 36:7, s. 969-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immigrant–native segregation is present in the spaces in which individuals from different ethnic/racial groups practice their everyday lives; interact with others and develop their ethnic, social and spatial networks. The overwhelming majority of academic research on immigrant segregation has focused on the residential domain, thus largely overlooking other arenas of daily interaction. The present study contributes to the emerging literature on immigrant residential and workplace segregation by examining changes in patterns of residential and workplace segregation over time. We draw our data from the Stockholm metropolitan region, Sweden’s main port of entry for immigrants. The results suggest a close association between residential and workplace segregation. Immigrant groups that are more segregated at home are also more segregated in workplace neighborhoods. More importantly, we found that a changing segregation level in one domain tends to involve a similar trend in the other domain.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Modig, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Modell for beräkning av bensen- och1,3-butadienhalter i omgivningsluft utifran geografisk information om bland annat biobransleeldning och trafik.
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningLuftföroreningar är ett känt folkhälsoproblem i tätorter där trafiken oftast är den störstaenskilda emissionskällan. Det finns dock andra källor som lokalt kan ge upphov till högaluftföroreningshalter och en sådan är småskalig biobränsleeldning. För att begränsahälsoeffekterna av luftföroreningar finns normvärden reglerade i lagstiftning, ochövervakningen av dessa kan ske via mätningar eller olika typer av beräkningar.Syftet med projekt har varit att tillämpa en typ av statistisk beräkningsmodell, ”Land UseRegression (LUR)”, för att predicera halterna av luftföroreningarna bensen och 1,3-butadien iett antal tätorter med hög andel småskalig biobränsleeldning i och omkring Umeå.Principen för en LUR-modell är att först förklara variationen i luftföroreningshalter mellan ettbegränsat antal mätpunkter med skillnader i geografiska variabler, som t.ex.populationsdensitet och trafikflöde inom olika radier runt respektive mätplats. Sedan kanmodellen användas för att beräkna halten i många fler punkter. I denna studie har bensen och1,3-butadien mätts vid tre tillfällen på 39 olika mätpunkter. Geografisk information harsamlats in för respektive mätpunkt, och innefattar bland annat trafikvariabler men ävenuppgifter om biobränsleeldning baserat på uppgifter från sotarregister. LUR-modellen harbyggts upp i enlighet med den procedur som finns beskrivet inom ett stort europeisktforskningsprojekt, ESCAPE.Rapporten visar att det är möjligt utifrån geografiska variabler att predicera halten bensen och1,3-butadien i en given punkt med acceptabel precision. Resultaten visar också attbefolkningstäthet tillsammans med småskalig biobränsleeldning och trafik är de variabler somgemensamt är viktigast för årsmedelhalten bensen och 1,3-butadien.Denna typ av modell är således tillämpbar för att kartlägga och predicera halter av bensen och1,3-butadien i områden med småskalig biobränsleeldning. Modellen kan även användas för attstudera betydelsen av nyetablering av småskalig biobränsleeldning för halten bensen och 1,3-butadien inom t.ex. ett bostadsområde.
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| 50. |
- Modig, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Modell för beräkning av bensen- och 1,3-butadienhalter i omgivningsluft utifrån geografisk information om bland annat biobränsleeldning och trafik
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Luftföroreningar är ett känt folkhälsoproblem i tätorter där trafiken oftast är den största enskilda emissionskällan. Det finns dock andra källor som lokalt kan ge upphov till höga luftföroreningshalter och en sådan är småskalig biobränsleeldning. För att begränsa hälsoeffekterna av luftföroreningar finns normvärden reglerade i lagstiftning, och övervakningen av dessa kan ske via mätningar eller olika typer av beräkningar.Syftet med projekt har varit att tillämpa en typ av statistisk beräkningsmodell, ”Land Use Regression (LUR)”, för att predicera halterna av luftföroreningarna bensen och 1,3-butadien i ett antal tätorter med hög andel småskalig biobränsleeldning i och omkring Umeå.Principen för en LUR-modell är att först förklara variationen i luftföroreningshalter mellan ett begränsat antal mätpunkter med skillnader i geografiska variabler, som t.ex. populationsdensitet och trafikflöde inom olika radier runt respektive mätplats. Sedan kan modellen användas för att beräkna halten i många fler punkter. I denna studie har bensen och 1,3-butadien mätts vid tre tillfällen på 39 olika mätpunkter. Geografisk information har samlats in för respektive mätpunkt, och innefattar bland annat trafikvariabler men även uppgifter om biobränsleeldning baserat på uppgifter från sotarregister. LUR-modellen har byggts upp i enlighet med den procedur som finns beskrivet inom ett stort europeiskt forskningsprojekt, ESCAPE.Rapporten visar att det är möjligt utifrån geografiska variabler att predicera halten bensen och 1,3-butadien i en given punkt med acceptabel precision. Resultaten visar också att befolkningstäthet tillsammans med småskalig biobränsleeldning och trafik är de variabler som gemensamt är viktigast för årsmedelhalten bensen och 1,3-butadien.Denna typ av modell är således tillämpbar för att kartlägga och predicera halter av bensen och 1,3-butadien i områden med småskalig biobränsleeldning. Modellen kan även användas för att studera betydelsen av nyetablering av småskalig biobränsleeldning för halten bensen och 1,3-butadien inom t.ex. ett bostadsområde.
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