| 1. |
- Ekberg, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of precautionary behaviors during outbreaks of pandemic influenza : modeling of regional differences
- 2009
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Ingår i: AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. - Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA : American Medical Informatics Association. - 1942-597X. ; 2009, s. 163-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using time geographic theory for representation of population mixing, we set out to analyze the relative impact from precautionary behaviors on outbreaks of pandemic influenza in Europe and Asia. We extended an existing simulator environment with behavioral parameters from a population survey to model different behaviors. We found that precautionary behaviors even among a minority of the population can have a decisive effect on the probability of the outbreak to propagate. The results also display that assumptions strongly influences the outcome. Depending on the interpretation of how many "children" are kept from "school", R(0) changes from a range where outbreak progression is possible to a range where it is improbable in both European (R(0)=1.77/1.23) and Asian (R(0)=1.70/1.05) conditions. We conclude that unprompted distancing can have a decisive effect on pandemic propagation. An important response strategy can be to promote voluntary precautionary behavior shown to reduce disease transmission.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Blaauboer, Marjolein, et al.
(författare)
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Life course preferences, sibling ties and the geographical dispersion of sibling networks
- 2013
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Ingår i: Population, Space and Place. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1544-8444 .- 1544-8452. ; 19:5, s. 594-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Swedish register data, we analyse how life course preferences and sibling ties are related to the geographical dispersion of siblings. We argue that life course preferences and siblings ties are influenced by siblings' socio-demographic characteristics, by similarities and differences between them, and by their family background. The measurement of geographical dispersion, the nearest neighbour index, allows us to go beyond dyadic relationships and investigate entire networks. Results from the OLS regression analysis show that life course preferences are related to the dispersion of siblings, and that differences between siblings are associated with a greater geographical dispersion than similarities are. Sibling ties developed during childhood also seem to be associated with the dispersion of sibling networks.
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| 5. |
- Erixon Arreman, Inger, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Employability of Swedish student teacher alumni
- 2008
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Ingår i: Teacher education policy in Europe. - Umeå : Institutionen för tillämpad utbildningsvetenskap, Umeå universitet. - 9789172646001 ; , s. 157-181
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, “employability” has become an increasingly central concept in higher education, in no small part since it constitutes an important aspect of the Bologna Process. The project “Teachers’ employability” is a project carried out on behalf of the Faculty of Teacher Education at Umeå University – one of the major providers of teacher education in Sweden – and is a part of a broader university effort to evaluate and increase employability. The aim of the project is to examine the situation of the university’s student teachers after graduation, as well as to find out how the former students and their employers view their education. The study is based on the longitudinal individual database ASTRID, questionnaires and interviews. This paper reports findings from the project, focusing on 1) employment situation, income development and mobility patterns of recent alumni (class of 2000) and 2) primary employers’ (school leaders) view of the quality and usefulness of the present teacher education curriculum. While employability is generally high, there are significant differences in career paths and income development, depending on for instance type of degree and place of residence. The interviews with school leaders reveal that although the present curriculum is perceived to have certain general limitations, it is viewed as more suited for pre-school rather than comprehensive school and gymnasium teacher education.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Haugen, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in accessibility 1995-2005
- 2009
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the NECTAR Cluster on Accessibility, Cagliari, Italy. - Cagliari.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Haugen, Katarina, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Proximity, accessibility and choice : a matter of taste or condition?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Papers in regional science (Print). - : Wiley. - 1056-8190 .- 1435-5957. ; 91:1, s. 65-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on a combination of register data and travel survey data, this research explores changes in the accessibility to different amenities for the Swedish population between 1995 and 2005, as well as the reasons behind the changes: redistribution of either amenities or the population. Overall, proximity has increased concerning most of the amenities during the period. However, despite decreasing 'potential' distances, actual travel distances are growing longer due to, for example, an increasing selectivity in preferences. An analysis of the accessibility development for service amenities shows that restructuring within the service sector is the main cause of the changes, and to a lesser extent population redistribution.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Häggström Lundevaller, Erling, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Statistik i geografi : Slutrapport av pedagogiskt projekt
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Statistik ingår som ett viktigt hjälpämne i andra akademiska ämnen som använder kvantitativa data, till exempel kulturgeografi. Kulturgeografi har vidare betydande inslag av användning av Geografiska informationssystem (GIS), där det finns stora beröringsytor med statistik. En integrering av områdena geografi och statistik kan således ge studenterna stort mervärde. Det innebär ofta en pedagogisk utmaning att förmedla statistisk kunskap till studenter som i huvudsak har sin bakgrund inom ämnen som innehåller lite kontakt med statistiska tankegångar. Detta projekts huvudsyfte har varit att utveckla en pedagogisk ansats som är lämplig i denna situation. Projektet har i första hand genomförts inom ramen för en kurs på avancerad nivå, där statistik och geografi integrerats och lärts ut med en casebaserad ansats.
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| 12. |
- Macpherson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial assimilation and native partnership : evidence of Iranian and Iraqi immigrant mobility from segregated areas in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Population, Space and Place. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1544-8444 .- 1544-8452. ; 19:3, s. 311-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies testing ‘spatial assimilation’ are no longer restricted to traditional suburbanisation movements correlated with high education, income and exposure to the ‘majority’ population. Instead, greater emphasis is now being placed on other ‘cultural’ and ‘social’ aspects associated with assimilation and different patterns of movements. While these ideas have remained dominant in North America, fewer studies have tested their applicability in European contexts. This paper addresses this by examining the spatial mobility of Iranian and Iraqi immigrants from segregated areas within Stockholm County, Sweden. By using register data for individuals for the years 2001 and 2007, binary logistic regressions reveal how significant differences emerge between those who move and those who stay, particularly for human capital (education) prior to movement and social capital (having a ‘Swedish’ partner) after movement. This raises important questions for future research dealing with issues of integration, segregation and mobility.
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| 13. |
- Marcinczak, Szymon, et al.
(författare)
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Changing patterns of residential and workplace segregation in the Stockholm metropolitan area
- 2015
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Ingår i: Urban geography. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0272-3638 .- 1938-2847. ; 36:7, s. 969-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immigrant–native segregation is present in the spaces in which individuals from different ethnic/racial groups practice their everyday lives; interact with others and develop their ethnic, social and spatial networks. The overwhelming majority of academic research on immigrant segregation has focused on the residential domain, thus largely overlooking other arenas of daily interaction. The present study contributes to the emerging literature on immigrant residential and workplace segregation by examining changes in patterns of residential and workplace segregation over time. We draw our data from the Stockholm metropolitan region, Sweden’s main port of entry for immigrants. The results suggest a close association between residential and workplace segregation. Immigrant groups that are more segregated at home are also more segregated in workplace neighborhoods. More importantly, we found that a changing segregation level in one domain tends to involve a similar trend in the other domain.
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| 14. |
- Namatovu, Fredinah, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Neighborhood conditions and celiac disease risk among children in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:7, s. 572-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate celiac disease (CD) clustering at different geographical levels and to examine the association between neighborhood demographic and socioeconomic conditions and the risk of neighborhood CD.Methods: We included 2080 children diagnosed with CD between 1998 and 2003, identified from 43 of the 47 reporting hospitals in Sweden. A total of 8036 small area market statistics (SAMS) areas were included; these were nested in 253 municipalities that were further nested into eight ‘nomenclature of territorial units for statistics’ (NUTS) 2 regions. We performed multilevel logistic regression analyses.Results: We found the highest geographical variation in CD incidence at the municipality level, compared to the region level. The probability of having CD increased in the statistical areas of (SAMS) areas with higher average annual work income, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.24 and 95% CI of 1.76–2.85. Reduced CD risk in neighborhoods was associated with higher average age (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.95–0.97), higher proportion of residents with a university education (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97–0.99), and higher level of industrial and commercial activity (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.44–0.82). We found no significant association between CD risk and population density, proportion of Nordic to non-Nordic inhabitants, nor share of the population with only a compulsory education.Conclusions: Neighborhood composition influences CD risk. This is one of the first attempts to identify factors explaining geographical variation in CD.
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| 15. |
- Rivière, Dominique, et al.
(författare)
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Le rôle de l’Etat-Providence
- 2010
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Ingår i: Villes et Régions Européennes en Décroissance. - Paris : Lavoisier. - 9782746231108 ; , s. 215-236
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Strömgren, Magnus, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-hire factors and workplace ethnic segregation
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In addition to neighbourhoods of residence, family and places of work play important roles in producing and reproducing ethnic segregation. Therefore, recent research on ethnic segregation and contact is increasingly turning its attention from residential areas towards other important domains of daily interethnic contact. The key innovation of this paper is to clarify the role of immigrants' pre-hire exposure to natives in the residence, workplace and family domains in immigrant exposure to natives in their current workplace. The study is based on Swedish population register data. The results show that at the macro level, workplace neighbourhood segregation is lower than residential neighbourhood segregation. Our micro-level analysis further shows that high levels of residential exposure of immigrants to natives help to reduce ethnic segregation at the level of workplace establishments as well.
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| 19. |
- Strömgren, Magnus, 1973-
(författare)
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Spatial diffusion of telemedicine in Sweden
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- “Telemedicine” denotes medicine at a distance using telecommunications and information technologies. The aim of the thesis is to reveal determinants and outcomes of telemedicine diffusion—that is, the spread of telemedicine in time and space. Telemedicine is examined both at the national level and in a regional case study. At the national level, quantitative methodology is utilized to analyze the emergence of health care facilities using telemedicine to receive medical assistance. The regional case study examines the diffusion and outcomes of telemedicine networks in Northern Sweden based on non-quantitative data sources.The first telemedicine applications in Sweden emerged between hospitals in southern Sweden in the 1970s. It was in the 1990s, however, that the practice of telemedicine took off on a larger scale. By the year 2000, the number of remote sites was quite evenly distributed across the country and between specialist and primary care facilities. In northern Sweden, telemedicine was first implemented in the mid-1980s, and is now carried out in all counties in the region. The telemedicine networks in northern Sweden primarily concern teleradiology, general telemedicine, and telepathology. Commonly, telemedicine is carried out within counties in hierarchical hub and spoke-type networks connecting specialist and primary care facilities.The study shows that existing telemedicine facilitates its further diffusion at the regional level, but shows a lack of the obvious neighborhood effect that could be expected in light of many previous diffusion studies and geographical diffusion theory. The health care system in Sweden is characterized by a high degree of regional autonomy. Contacts between medical staff, and thus dissemination of information and opinions concerning telemedicine, are therefore likely to be more prevalent within than between the regional health care organizations. The health care organizations are also decision-making bodies with different telemedicine policies. In addition, already implemented telemedicine programs tend to expand within the health care organization in which they originated.Although no traditional neighborhood effect to speak of can be noticed in Swedish telemedicine diffusion, distance matters in the diffusion process in a quite different respect. The study shows that health care facilities located far from more specialized care are especially likely to adopt telemedicine. Another local factor, facility size, is also positively correlated with telemedicine diffusion. This correlation between facility size and telemedicine adoption, as well as the circumstance that the diffusion process started with, and has progressed the furthest in, specialist care, suggest that the diffusion of telemedicine exhibits hierarchical characteristics.The development of telemedicine technology significantly influences the rate of telemedicine diffusion. In a simulation of the diffusion process, it is shown that—given that computers and information technology continue to develop according to the present trend—there will be a significant increase in the number of primary care facilities functioning as remote telemedicine sites during the first decade of the 21st century.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Tammaru, Tiit, et al.
(författare)
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Learning through contact? : The effects on earnings of immigrant exposure to the native population
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 42:12, s. 2938-2955
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factors influencing immigrant labour-market outcomes have received increased scholarly attention lately. A recent research focus has been the effects of residential setting on labour market outcomes. This study brings a new dimension to this emerging body of research, introducing the role played by workplace composition, in addition to place of residence, in immigrant earnings. Based on Swedish longitudinal register data, OLS regression is used to examine effects of previous exposure to natives on earnings in three immigrant cohorts (1990, 1995 and 2000) five years after arrival. Besides controlling for individual characteristics and various labour-market attributes, a two-step Heckman correction procedure is applied to take into account the selectivity of entering the Swedish labour market. The main finding of the study is that exposure to the native population at the workplace is more important than residential exposure for predicting immigrant earnings.
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| 22. |
- Timpka, Toomas, et al.
(författare)
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A neighborhood susceptibility index for planning of local physical interventions in response to pandemic influenza outbreaks
- 2010
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Ingår i: AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. - 1942-597X. ; 2010, s. 792-796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global spread of a novel A (H1N1) influenza virus in 2009 has highlighted the possibility of a devastating pandemic similar to the 'Spanish flu' of 1917-1918. Responding to such pandemics requires careful planning for the early phases where there is no availability of pandemic vaccine. We set out to compute a Neighborhood Influenza Susceptibility Index (NISI) describing the vulnerability of local communities of different geo-socio-physical structure to a pandemic influenza outbreak. We used a spatially explicit geo-physical model of Linköping municipality (pop. 136,240) in Sweden, and employed an ontology-modeling tool to define simulation models and transmission settings. We found considerable differences in NISI between neighborhoods corresponding to primary care areas with regard to early progress of the outbreak, as well as in terms of the total accumulated share of infected residents counted after the outbreak. The NISI can be used in local preparations of physical response measures during pandemics.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Timpka, Toomas, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Intentions to perform non-pharmaceutical protective behaviors during influenza outbreaks in Sweden : A cross-sectional study following a mass vaccination campaign
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:3, s. e91060-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Failure to incorporate the beliefs and attitudes of the public into theoretical models of preparedness has been identified as a weakness in strategies to mitigate infectious disease outbreaks. We administered a cross-sectional telephone survey to a representative sample (n = 443) of the Swedish adult population to examine whether self-reported intentions to improve personal hygiene and increase social distancing during influenza outbreaks could be explained by trust in official information, self-reported health (SF-8), sociodemographic factors, and determinants postulated in protection motivation theory, namely threat appraisal and coping appraisal. The interviewees were asked to make their appraisals for two scenarios: a) an influenza with low case fatality and mild lifestyle impact; b) severe influenza with high case fatality and serious disturbances of societal functions. Every second respondent (50.0%) reported high trust in official information about influenza. The proportion that reported intentions to take deliberate actions to improve personal hygiene during outbreaks ranged between 45–85%, while less than 25% said that they intended to increase social distancing. Multiple logistic regression models with coping appraisal as the explanatory factor most frequently contributing to the explanation of the variance in intentions showed strong discriminatory performance for staying home while not ill (mild outbreaks: Area under the curve [AUC] 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.82;0.89), severe outbreaks AUC 0.82 (95% CI 0.77;0.85)) and acceptable performance with regard to avoiding public transportation (AUC 0.78 (0.74;0.82), AUC 0.77 (0.72;0.82)), using handwash products (AUC 0.70 (0.65;0.75), AUC 0.76 (0.71;0.80)), and frequently washing hands (AUC 0.71 (0.66;0.76), AUC 0.75 (0.71;0.80)). We conclude that coping appraisal was the explanatory factor most frequently included in statistical models explaining self-reported intentions to carry out non-pharmaceutical health actions in the Swedish outlined context, and that variations in threat appraisal played a smaller role in these models despite scientific uncertainties surrounding a recent mass vaccination campaign.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Timpka, Toomas, et al.
(författare)
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Requirements and Design of the PROSPER Protocol for Implementation of Information Infrastructures Supporting Pandemic Response: A Nominal Group Study
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:3, s. 0017941-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Advanced technical systems and analytic methods promise to provide policy makers with information to help them recognize the consequences of alternative courses of action during pandemics. Evaluations still show that response programs are insufficiently supported by information systems. This paper sets out to derive a protocol for implementation of integrated information infrastructures supporting regional and local pandemic response programs at the stage(s) when the outbreak no longer can be contained at its source. Methods: Nominal group methods for reaching consensus on complex problems were used to transform requirements data obtained from international experts into an implementation protocol. The analysis was performed in a cyclical process in which the experts first individually provided input to working documents and then discussed them in conferences calls. Argument-based representation in design patterns was used to define the protocol at technical, system, and pandemic evidence levels. Results: The Protocol for a Standardized information infrastructure for Pandemic and Emerging infectious disease Response (PROSPER) outlines the implementation of information infrastructure aligned with pandemic response programs. The protocol covers analyses of the community at risk, the response processes, and response impacts. For each of these, the protocol outlines the implementation of a supporting information infrastructure in hierarchical patterns ranging from technical components and system functions to pandemic evidence production. Conclusions: The PROSPER protocol provides guidelines for implementation of an information infrastructure for pandemic response programs both in settings where sophisticated health information systems already are used and in developing communities where there is limited access to financial and technical resources. The protocol is based on a generic health service model and its functions are adjusted for community-level analyses of outbreak detection and progress, and response program effectiveness. Scientifically grounded reporting principles need to be established for interpretation of information derived from outbreak detection algorithms and predictive modeling.
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