| 1. |
- Camacho Doyle, Maria, 1982-
(författare)
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Forecast: Crime with a chance of feeling unsafe : Examining unsafety (crime and fear of crime) within the context of the surrounding environment
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In environmental criminology, various methods exist to forecast unsafety. Some are more complex than others. To determine their practicality, we must compare the accuracy of simple, transparent, and functional methods with slightly more complex methods and those requiring more data collection.The overall aim of the current dissertation was to examine the relationship between crime history, environmental and neighborhood characteristics in forecasting unsafety, both crime and fear of crime, in various geographical locations. Study I compared the predictive accuracy of two methods using historical crime exposure and different crime-time-periods for violent and property crimes. Study II compared the predictive accuracy of prior crime, place attributes, ambient population, and community structural and social characteristics for various crime types. Study III examined the relationship between violent and property crime, as well as community structural and social characteristics, and different types of fear of crime.The findings of the current dissertation suggest that, overall, a one-size-fits-all approach is not effective. Simpler methods are generally comparable to more complex ones in long-term crime forecasting at the micro-level. However, at the neighborhood level, social integration plays a significant role in determining levels of perceived safety and fear of crime.
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| 2. |
- Petersson, Joakim
(författare)
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Identifying risk for recidivism among partner violent men reported to the Swedish police
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global public health issue, where every third woman has experienced such violence. Moreover, IPV recidivism rates are generally high. These figures indicate that the police need a better understanding of the risk factors related to those perpetrators who pose the highest risk of recidivating in IPV. To this end, research has found that IPV perpetrators who are violent towards their partner as well as others (referred to as the antisocial subtype) display more risk factors for IPV than those perpetrators who are violent only against their partner (referred to as the family-only subtype). However, there are still uncertainties whether these two subtypes differ in terms of characteristics related to recidivism (i.e., risk profile) and actual recidivism. Thus, this thesis aimed to examine differences in risk profiles and recidivism rates between the antisocial perpetrators and the family-only perpetrators. This thesis was based on a systematic literature review and three empirical studies. The empirical studies were based on data collected from the Swedish police and consisted of IPV risk assessments. The risk assessments were performed by the police using the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER). These empirical studies relied on a sample of 657 male perpetrators who had been reported to the police and subjected to a violence risk assessment for allegedly perpetrating IPV against a female partner. The results demonstrated that categorizing partner violent men as either antisocial or family-only can help identify the perpetrators most at risk to recidivate in IPV. As such, the antisocial perpetrators displayed a greater diversity as well as degree of risk factors for IPV, and were more likely to recidivate in IPV, despite legal interventions from the police. In contrast, the family-only perpetrators presented with fewer risk factors, were characterized as socially well-adjusted outside of the relationship, and less likely to recidivate in IPV. However, several family-only perpetrators recidivated in IPV, meaning that such perpetrators should not routinely be dismissed as low-risk perpetrators. In conclusion, the results of this thesis can be used to improve the ability of those assigned to assess risk for future IPV to identify those perpetrators most at risk to recidivate. In turn, this could enable a more informed and adequate response aiming to prevent, or at best reduce, this risk.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Acale Sánchez, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Competent Criminal Law
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gender-Competent Legal Education. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031143595 - 9783031143601 ; , s. 429-465
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The following chapter deals with the general and special part of criminal law from a gender perspective. It analyses, in particular, the provisions from the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, the Istanbul Convention, from 2011. The Istanbul Convention is the most comprehensive international legal instrument that outlines binding obligations to states to prevent and combat violence against women and girls. Furthermore, the Istanbul Convention contains several institutes and behaviours that have to be criminalised in the respective national jurisdictions, covering and combining dogmatics and criminal policy issues with a foundation substantially based on gender. The chapter also explores gender issues in a more general way, interpreting criminal law and its challenges towards gender equality. The special part raises questions regarding criminal law and its compatibility with the Istanbul Convention and national laws.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Cruz, Beatrice, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Perspective of Victimization, Crime and Penal Policy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gender-Competent Legal Education. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031143595 - 9783031143601 ; , s. 467-502
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter examines three criminological perspectives through a gender lens. The first part is dedicated to crime and gender. This chapter presents official data of reported and convicted persons in European countries, discussing crime trends and the different involvement of sexes in certain criminal offences. Further, this chapter points to possible differences in the ethology of crime from a gender perspective at three levels: individual; family, and social. The second section deals with gender and criminal victimization, with special attention dedicated to issues of domestic violence and sexual crimes. The third section of this chapter analyses the penal policy of the courts. Data is presented on sentencing practices in European countries, with an emphasis on certain criminal offences. Besides data on imprisonment, attention is paid to other penal sanctions. This section of the text further explains possible factors related to the different sentencing of women and men. They are divided into two categories: the first is those mainly related to socio-economic characteristics and crime committed; the second is those that reflect courts as gender institutions. Finally, this chapter gives explanations of different treatments of trans offenders in the criminal justice system.
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| 8. |
- Edhammer, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Vulnerability Factors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Victims of Partner Only and Generally Violent Perpetrators
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of family Violence. - : Springer. - 0885-7482 .- 1573-2851. ; 39:2, s. 235-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine how victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) differ in terms of vulnerability factors and risk of being re-victimized, by comparing victims of the two most consistently identified IPV male perpetrator subtypes: the Partner Only (PO) violent and the Generally Violent (GV).Methods: The current study analyzed IPV reported to the Swedish police and consisted of a sample of 1479 cases of male-to-female perpetrated IPV. The material mainly consisted of IPV risk assessments conducted by the police.Results: The results showed that vulnerability factors were significantly more common among victims of GV perpetrators, including inconsistent attitudes or behaviors, extreme fear of the perpetrator, inadequate support or resources, an unsafe living situation, and health problems. Moreover, victims of GV perpetrators were generally assessed by the police with a significantly higher risk of being re-victimized by IPV. Finally, in relation to the victim vulnerability factors most strongly associated with an elevated assessed risk for IPV re-victimization, the presence of extreme fear of the perpetrator and having an unsafe living situation were significantly related to such outcomes for both groups of victims.Conclusion: In sum, the results of this study contribute to the scant body of knowledge on IPV victim subtypes and their vulnerability profiles. In addition to facilitating the risk assessment of repeated IPV, such knowledge could also indicate what type of support different victim subtypes require in order to prevent IPV.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Fröberg, Sofi, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Police Students' Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence in Same-Sex Relationships
- 2018
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Ingår i: Partner Abuse. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1946-6560 .- 1946-6579. ; 9:2, s. 181-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The knowledge of same-sex intimate partner violence (IPV) is limited. This study aims to investigate the perception of seriousness of same-sex IPV. A vignette study was undertaken among 248 police students (69% males and 31% females) in Sweden. The vignettes portrayed an intimate partner relationship between two people and were available in four versions with the sex of the offender and victim being alternated. Perceptions of IPV were measured using the Opinions of Domestic Violence Scale (Ahmed et al., 2013). The results showed that regardless of gender, IPV was considered serious; however, same-sex IPV was perceived as less serious than victimization of a heterosexual female but more serious than victimization of a heterosexual male. Police interventions were found to be less needed for same-sex victims than for heterosexual female victims.
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| 11. |
- Hellfeldt, Karin, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Grupparbete
- 2018. - 2
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Ingår i: Kriminologi. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144123509 ; , s. 153-162
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 12. |
- Kristiansen, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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Rättspsykiatri
- 2019. - 3
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Ingår i: Omvårdnad vid psykisk ohälsa. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144123691 ; , s. 253-279
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
- Kristiansen, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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Rättspsykiatri
- 2010. - 1
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Ingår i: Omvårdnad vid psykisk ohälsa. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144056463 ; , s. 279-303
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- Larsson, Anna-Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Att bedöma och hantera risk för våld i nära relation i gles- och landsbygd : Nyttiggörande av forskningsresultat från RISKSAM-projektet i dialog med socialtjänst och polis
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med projektet har varit att förmedla forskningsresultat om riskhantering och samverkan avseende våld i nära relation, stalkning och hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck till yrkesverksamma inom polis och socialtjänst, samt att undersöka utmaningar och behov rörande frågor om riskbedömning, riskhantering och samverkan kring våld i nära relationer i gles- och landsbygdskommuner.Projektet knyter an till forskningsprogrammet RISKSAM som syftar till att implementera och utvärdera en hållbar och evidensbaserad arbetsmodell, RISKSAM, för arbetet med riskhantering och samverkan vad gäller våld i nära relation. RISKSAM är en förkortning för RISKhantering och SAMverkan. En huvudsaklig ambition med nyttiggörandeprojektet har varit att medverka till att sprida information om RISKSAM och i dialog med de yrkesverksamma utveckla modellen ännu mer specifikt till de utmaningar som gles- och landsbygd står inför.Under våren 2023 har vi således besökt praktiker inom socialtjänst och polis i gles- och landsbygd. Forskare och doktorander inom RISKSAM-programmet besökte regionerna Dalarna, Värmland, Västra Götaland, Västerbotten, Örebro och Östergötland, där ett eller flera kommunbesök genomfördes i varje region. Varje besök har bestått av presentationer om RISKSAM och preliminära resultat ur detta projekt, samt fokusgruppsintervjuer om gles- och landsbygdens specifika utmaningar och de yrkesverksammas behov och stöd.Våra resultat visade att det finns både utmaningar och möjligheter med arbetet med riskbedömning, riskhantering och samverkan kring ärenden med våld i nära relationer i gles- och landsbygdskommuner. I riskbedömningsarbetet fann vi att det fanns utmaningar i att identifiera våld men också att det kan finnas bristande organisatorisk kompetens att riskbedöma. Enskilda medarbetare har kompetens men omsättningen av personal och svårigheter att rekrytera, försvårar upprätthållandet av kompetens inom organisationen. Arbetet med riskbedömning kan även försvåras på grund av olika faktorer och brist på erfarenhet då dessa ärenden är sällan-ärenden.I rapportens andra del redovisas utmaningar och möjligheter med riskhantering. Vi belyser verksamheternas bristande förutsättningar och de få insatser som finns att erbjuda på hemmaplan, att verktygslådan att arbeta med är liten, och att det finns en svårighet att hantera möjligheten till anonymitet på mindre orter. Vi lyfter både utmaningar och möjligheter med glesbefolkade samhällen, som fördelen med närhet till varandra och en känsla av att ta hand om varandra, men också nackdelarna med att det är svårt att vara anonym, ta emot insatser och att återvända till hemorten efter våldet och en vistelse i ett skyddat boende.I del tre i rapporten beskriver vi de utmaningar och möjligheter som yrkesverksamma upplever i relation till samverkan – både intern och extern – i ärenden med våld i nära relation. Detta innefattade, bland annat, hur den geografiska närheten (till exempel att sitta i samma byggnad) mellan yrkesverksamma underlättar samverkan. Samtidigt är samverkansformerna sårbara utifrån att de baseras på person snarare än funktion och den externa samverkan som sker är nästan uteslutande ostrukturerad. Det finns dock en vilja till ökad samverkan och existerande plattformar för detta, dock upplever flera yrkesverksamma att det saknas rätt verktyg för att åstadkomma detta.Rapporten avslutas med en sammanfattande diskussion om utmaningar och möjligheter i arbetet med våld i nära relation i gles- och landsbygd. Här lämnas även konkreta förslag på hur praktiker i gles- och landsbygd kan stärkas i sitt arbete i relation till riskbedömning, riskhantering och samverkan.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Petersson, Joakim, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Arrest as a protective intervention among intimate partner violent men
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature on the effect of arrest on recidivism among perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) is inconclusive. As such, studies have found that arrest can have a deterrent effect, a provocative effect, or no effect at all. Despite previous recommendations to examine the effect of arrest using IPV perpetrators typologies, only one such previous study has been carried out. In this paper we explore the effect of arrest on recidivism among IPV perpetrators. More specifically, we will present preliminary results pertaining to differences between arrested and non-arrested perpetrators on demographical and offense related variables to discern if, and how, these two groups differ. Furthermore, we will also present the results related to the possibly deterrent effect of arrest on recidivism among partner violent men in general, as well as among subtypes of such men. The sample consisted of 628 male alleged perpetrators reported to the Swedish police for a male-to-female perpetrated act of IPV and subjected to a structured violence risk assessment. The results are discussed in terms of theory and from an IPV risk management perspective, as well as in relation to the RISKSAM model.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Petersson, Joakim, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and Recidivism in Relation to Arrest : Differentiating Between Partner Violent Perpetrator Subtypes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Criminology. - : Routledge. - 2578-983X .- 2578-9821. ; 21:2, s. 203-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to describe and compare arrested and non-arrested male intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators, in terms of individual characteristics and variables related to the IPV incident, in a sample of 628 perpetrators reported to the Swedish police. We also explored recidivism rates in relation to arrest within the total sample, as well as among subtypes of partner violent men (i.e. generally violent [GV] and partner only [PO] violent). The perpetrators in this longitudinal study were reported to the police for male-to-female perpetrated IPV and subjected to a structured violencerisk assessment between 2011 and 2014. The results showed that arrested perpetrators were more likely to be reported for severe forms of IPV, being assessed by the police post-arrest with a higher risk for recidivism, and being more likely to be prosecuted for the reported IPV incident. There was also a significant interaction effect between subtypes and arrest for IPV recidivism within 12 months post-arrest. Among those perpetrators who were arrested, GV perpetrators were more than four times as likely as PO violent perpetrators to recidivate in IPV. The results of this study high-light the importance of differentiating between subtypes when examining the impact of sanctions on IPV recidivism
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| 19. |
- Petersson, Joakim, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Family-only perpetrators of intimate partner violence : A systematic review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. - : Sage Publications. - 1524-8380 .- 1552-8324. ; 21:2, s. 367-381
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the first systematic review of family-only intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators (as originally proposed by Holtzworth-Munroe & Stuart). The aims of the present review were to summarize and describe the prevalence of the family-only perpetrator subtype, as well as to investigate what characteristics were associated with perpetrators within this subtype. Electronic literature searches in several databases (e.g., PsychINFO, Web of Science, and PubMed) were carried out. Of the 3,434 studies identified, 30 studies met the inclusion criteria as well as the methodological quality criteria. Thematic analyses were conducted, where several themes and subthemes were identified. The proportion of family-only perpetrators, averaged across sample types, was 47.5%. Drawing on the thematic analyses of the reviewed studies, family-only perpetrators presented as a less violent subtype, displaying several pro-social personality traits, as well as a lower degree of psychopathology. The findings were inline with Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart’s predictions. The findings also demonstrated the utility of a 2-fold typology, consisting of a family-only and a generally violent (GV) subtype, as well as the need to reconsider the one-size-fits-all approach to IPV treatment. We also included a discussion of the terminology of the subtypes and propose an adoption of the terms “partner onlyviolent” and “generally violent” subtypes.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Petersson, Joakim, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Proposing a typology of intimate partner violent men : Implications for risk assessment and management
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Unlike traditional beliefs male intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators are a heterogeneous group of offenders and, thus, differ from each other in several important aspects. However, there is no agreed upon procedure for creating such typologies.Objective: The aim of this presentation is to propose a typology of IPV perpetrators that can be practically useful for the police and other criminal justice professionals, in terms of risk assessment and management for future such violence.Method: The results are based on (a) a sample of 628 male IPV perpetrators reported to the Swedish police for allegedly perpetrating IPV towards a current or former female partner, and (b) a systematic review of IPV perpetrator typology papers.Results: The results of both the empirical data and the systematic review favor a two-subtype typology, consisting of a partner only violent subtype and a generally violent subtype (N = 301 and N = 327, respectively, in our empirical data). The subtypes differed on several behavioral and psychosocial risk factors, as well as in terms of IPV recidivism.Discussion: The differences between the subtypes in our proposed typology are important to consider in terms of risk assessment and management of IPV. Thus, the generally violent subtype demonstrated more risk factors and higher recidivism rates than the partner only violent subtype. As such, identifying IPV perpetrators as either partner only violent or generally violent is an important first step in any IPV violence risk assessment. Subsequently, the risk management strategies that follow a risk assessment should be tailored to the specific subtype’s risk factors (needs). Policy implications of the proposed typology will be also discussed.Conclusions: The results our research support the notion that IPV perpetrators should be considered as a heterogeneous group of offenders, although much valuable information and guidance in assessing risk and planning risk management strategies can be gained from differentiating between partner only violent and generally violent IPV perpetrators.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Petersson, Joakim, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Rural Differences in Victim Vulnerability and Revictimization of Intimate Partner Violence
- 2023
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Ingår i: Violence and Victims. - : Springer. - 0886-6708 .- 1945-7073. ; 38:2, s. 185-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the association between the victim vulnerability factors included in the intimate partner violence (IPV) risk assessment tool used by the Swedish police (Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk [B-SAFER]) and rates of IPV revictimization among female victims living in rural towns, countryside, or remote areas. This study also aimed to examine the interaction between rurality and IPV revictimization in relation to victim vulnerability. The sample consisted of 695 cases of male-to-female perpetrated IPV, which had been reported to the Swedish police and subjected to a B-SAFER assessment. Rates of revictimization were examined in police registers. The results demonstrated that several vulnerability factors could discriminate between IPV revictimization across rurality. There was also an interaction effect between rurality and IPV revictimization in relation to the number of victim vulnerability factors present, where revictimization was more common for victims with many vulnerability factors living in more sparsely populated areas.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Selenius, Heidi, et al.
(författare)
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Educational Needs among Women Admitted to High Secure Forensic Psychiatric Care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2473-2850 .- 2473-2842. ; 22:3, s. 269-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forensic psychiatric patients’ low educational attainment is a strong predictor for recidivism. However, there is a lack of studies on the educational background among women admitted to forensic psychiatric care. The study aimed to investigate the educational background among women within a high secure forensic psychiatric setting. A mixed-method design was applied. Data were collected from registers, including medical records, forensic psychiatric investigations, and verdicts (n = 93), and by conducting interviews (n = 61) with women admitted to forensic psychiatric care in Sweden. The women’s education length varied between 5 and 18 years. According to interviews and registers, more than 70% of the women were found to have some school-related problems. In the interviews, some women associated school with conflicts, loneliness, and learning difficulties. Others explained how their disadvantageous home environment and many school changes affected their learning and problems developing and maintaining social relationships. Women with a neurodevelopmental disorder were to a higher degree documented with school-related problems than women without such disorders (97% vs. 63%). The educational attainment varied among the women, and consequently, their educational needs were heterogeneous. Therefore, they should be offered tailored education and vocational support to have an increased prerequisite for adjusting to and participating in society.
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| 27. |
- Shea, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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The reliability and predictive validity of the Guidelines for Stalking Assessment and Management (SAM)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychological Assessment. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1040-3590 .- 1939-134X. ; 30:11, s. 1409-1420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study assessed the reliability and validity of the Guidelines for Stalking Assessment and Management (SAM), a structured professional judgment measure for assessing stalking risks. The SAM was completed retrospectively from file review for 146 adult stalkers (90.4% male) referred to a community-based forensic mental health service. Interrater reliability (IRR) was initially poor, but developing a strict definition of stalking currency and rescoring the SAM led to improvement. Based on the updated scoring, IRR was moderate for judgments about whether stalking was ongoing at the time of assessment, and fair to moderate for summary risk judgments. Both case prioritization (area under the curve [AUC] = .69) and risk for continued stalking (AUC = .76) ratings discriminated between groups, with high-risk stalkers 5-9 times as likely as low-risk stalkers to reoffend by stalking their original victims. Lifetime SAM total scores (AUC = .70) also featured moderate to good discrimination. Follow-up analyses suggested that this was driven mainly by the recent presence of risk markers and the nature of any ongoing stalking situation rather than historical or individual factors. Findings support the use of the SAM to structure risk judgments made by those with experience in assessing stalking. Current results also imply that IRR might be improved by introducing (a) a fixed definition of stalking currency and (b) usage guidelines for specific contexts.
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| 28. |
- Shepherd, Stephane M., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the utility of ‘strength’ items when assessing the risk of young offenders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1478-9949 .- 1478-9957. ; 29:4, s. 597-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is emerging recognition that positive or pro-social characteristics may lessen criminal propensity. There are now several adult and youth forensic instruments that include protective or strength components. Yet evidence supporting the protective capacities of these instruments with youth offending populations is still developing. This study aimed to identity the prevalence of strength items on the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory tool, and their relationships with risk and re-offending for a cohort of 212 multi-cultural Australian juveniles in custody. The prevalence of strengths in the sample was low, and differed by cultural group. Young people who possessed a strength yielded lower instrument total and domain scores and were more likely to be afforded a lower level of risk compared to youth without a strength. Moreover, youth who possessed a strength were significantly more likely to desist from re-offending. This association remained after controlling for level of risk. Findings point to the importance of strengths when assessing a young person’s risk for re-offending.
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| 29. |
- Stjernqvist, Johan, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for intimate partner violence among native and immigrant male partners in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Criminology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2578-983X .- 2578-9821. ; 23:2, s. 192-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to examine the importance of differentiating between partner violent men in terms of immigrant or native Swedish background, when assessing risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) recidivism. A quantitative design was used with a sample of 1263 alleged male perpetrators reported for IPV-related crimes to the Swedish police. Data consisted of police officers’ risk assessments using the Swedish version of the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER). Results showed that risk factors such as 'Violent threats or thoughts', and 'Violent attitudes', were more common for perpetrators with an immigrant background. In contrast, risk factors such as 'General criminality' and 'Substance use problems' were more common among native perpetrators. Furthermore, in relation to the importance of specific risk factors for an elevated risk of IPV recidivism, such risk was elevated for perpetrators with a native background when ‘Violent threats or thoughts’, ‘General criminality’ and ‘Relationship problems’ were present. Corresponding factors for immigrant perpetrators consisted of ‘Escalation’ and ‘General criminality’. These results are essential for the police to recognize and understand since only victims in IPV cases with an elevated assessed risk will be eligible for risk management and protective actions.
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| 30. |
- Stjernqvist, Johan, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of immigrant background when identifying risk factors for intimate partner violence
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an extensive issue in every society. It does not matter what kind of socioeconomic, religious or cultural group an individual belong to since this type of violence is widely-spread across the globe. Studies have shown that IPV perpetrators are not a heterogene-ous group and that risk factors differ between different groups of individ-uals. Therefore, it is essential that the subsequent risk management take this heterogeneity into consideration. The aim of this study was to identify which risk factors can be seen as the most contributory when it comes to assessing the summary risk ratings in a sample of alleged IPV cases where both the perpetrator and the victim shares the same background. The data consisted of 926 B-SAFER risk assessments done by the Swedish Police for IPV cases divided into seven different groups: Sweden, Northern Europe, Europe, Eastern Europe and Russia, Middle East, Africa, and Asia. The results show that risk factors have different impact on the summary risk ratings across groups, where risk factors related to the nature of the IPV and victim vulnerability factors are more common in groups with immi-grant background, while risk factors related to psycho-social adjustment were overall more common in the group of IPV perpetrators with Swedish background. The results are discussed in terms of the integrated ecological framework and from an IPV risk management perspective, as well as in relation to the RISKSAM model.
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| 31. |
- Strand, Susanne, Docent, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing risk for inpatient physical violence in a female forensic psychiatric sample - comparing HCR-20v2 with the female additional manual to the HCR-20v2
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 73:4-5, s. 248-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose and aim: Out from the sparse literature on risk assessment for violence committed by women the Female Additional Manual (FAM) was developed to be a complement to the HCR-20v2. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the psychometrics of the HCR-20v2 with and without the FAM on risk for inpatient physical violence for female forensic psychiatric patients.Methods: The participants were 100 female patients admitted to forensic psychiatric care in a high-security clinic, assessed by clinicians with the HCR-20v2 during their admission. Researchers performed the FAM, both retrospectively and prospectively. The follow-up period was 12months before being discharged.Results: Four main results were found; first, many risk factors were present although the summary risk ratings were mainly low to moderate. Secondly, the reliability was in general good, where the HCR-20v2 mainly showed higher reliability without than with the FAM, indicating that FAM risk factors did equal or did not contribute to a higher reliability. Third, the internal validity was higher for the HCR-20v2 than for the FAM. Risk factors correlated stronger with the summary risk ratings for the HCR-20v2 than for the FAM. Fourth, the validity for inpatient physical violence was high for the total score of both the HCR-20v2 and the FAM, but contradictory to previous finding the validity for summary risk ratings was not significant.Conclusions: The results support the use of HCR-20v2 when assessing risk for inpatient violence for female forensic psychiatric patients, but with only some support for adding or changing risk factors according to the FAM.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Strand, Susanne, Docent, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Intimate Partner Violence in Urban, Rural and Remote Areas : An Investigation of Offense Severity and Risk Factors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Violence against Women. - : Sage Publications. - 1077-8012 .- 1552-8448. ; 25:2, s. 188-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compared the severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) and the relationship between risk factors for IPV and overall risk judgments of future IPV in urban, rural, and remote areas. IPV risk assessments conducted by the Swedish police between 2010 and 2014 in urban (n = 564), rural (n = 456), and remote (n = 196) areas were examined. Rurality was associated with the severity of IPV reported, as well as the presence of risk factors and their relationship to overall risk judgments. Cases in remote areas included more severe IPV as well as more risk factors.
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| 36. |
- Strand, Susanne J. M., Docent, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Repeated and Systematic Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Areas in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Criminology. - : Springer. - 2662-9968 .- 2662-9976. ; 1:3, s. 220-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Violence against women lacks geographical boundaries, although research demonstrates higher rates of such violence in rural areas compared to urban areas. The repeated and systematic intimate partner violence (IPV) is especially problematic in isolated areas. This study aims to investigate how repeated and systematic IPV, was handled by the criminal justice system in rural areas in Sweden and how risk and victim vulnerability factors were related to recidivism in this longitudinal prospective study. The sample consisted of alleged perpetrators of repeated and systematic IPV who had been either reported, charged, or convicted of repeated and systematic IPV defined according to the Swedish Law Gross Violation of a Woman’s Integrity targeting such violence, in two rural Swedish police districts during 2011–2014 (N = 258). Results demonstrated that 30% of IPV perpetrators were charged with the Gross violation offense and 5% were charged for other IPV-related offenses. The conviction for the Gross violation offense was 11% and 24% for other IPV-related offenses. 56% were not charged or convicted of any IPV-related offenses. Perpetrators convicted of the Gross Violation offense were more likely to receive longer prison sentences than perpetrators convicted of other IPV-related offenses. Victim cooperation in the police investigation increased the likelihood for prosecution with 7.3 times and for a conviction with 6.1 times. In terms of recidivism 24% engaged in IPV towards the same victim and another 27% recidivated into general criminality. Recidivists had higher summary risk ratings and more individual risk factors than non-recidivists, such as general criminality, employment problems and mental health problems, and victim vulnerability factors including personal problems. To reduce re-victimization, risk and vulnerability factors and supporting victims to cooperate in the police investigation should be considered when forming risk management strategies to protect victims of repeated and systematic IPV in such rural areas.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Strand, Susanne, Docent, 1972-
(författare)
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Policing Intimate Partner Violence in rural areas - Severity and Recidivism
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Policing intimate partner violence is a difficult task, specifically in rural areas since the violence can be ongoing for a very long time and police resources in rural areas are extremely limited. Managing risk for intimate partner violence is also difficult in rural areas due to long distances and being few police officers on duty as well as there are fewer resources, in general, to rely upon, i.e. health care and social services institutions. This presentation will focus on the challenges that occur during these conditions and specifically the severity of the reported violence in rural and remote areas in Sweden as well as the recidivism rates of such violence
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| 40. |
- Strand, Susanne, Docent, 1972-
(författare)
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Policing stalking
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Strand, Susanne, Docent, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Preventing domestic violence with men and boys : Challenges and opportunities
- 2019
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The Mutual Learning Seminar, in Stockholm, examined Sweden’s recent innovative policy to prevent domestic violence with men and boys. Government representatives and gender experts from 15 EU Member States participated. The seminar was an excellent opportunity to discuss new thinking and approaches to the prevention of domestic violence. The importance of prevention and increased collaboration is emphasised in the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (“Istanbul Convention”), which is currently being implemented by the majority of EU Member States.The basis for the good practice in Sweden is the National Strategy for Preventing & Combating Men’s Violence Against Women, 2017-2026. The strategy puts an emphasis on targeted work with men who perpetrate violence against women to prevent its reoccurrence through structured risk assessments and treatment programmes. It follows a universal approach to working with all relevant stakeholders in social services, health, education, gender equality, probation and crime prevention, and with specialised civil society organisations, in long-term prevention to address gender stereotypes, in particular destructive masculinity norms.One successful initiative presented at the seminar is a bystander violence prevention programme with young people in the town of Botkyrka. The project focuses on building trust between young people and the police, social services and schools. It has helped to build awareness of respectful relationships and consent. Another innovative violence prevention programme is run by the County Administration Board of Västerbotten, which is working strategically for long-term crime prevention with four rural municipalities where access to services is very limited.The seminar discussions focussed on the many opportunities and challenges in engaging men and boys in prevention. Participants highlighted the need for coordinated long-term approaches amongst service providers in national, regional and local authorities and the importance of improving the evidence-base in working with perpetrators. The presented good practice examples showed the importance of building trust in disadvantaged communities, integrating violence prevention into existing programmes and structures and how essential the effective coordination of services around the goal of violence prevention is. Key challenges identified by the seminar participants included the need for better integration of prevention in health services, building awareness about intersectional inequalities and the need for sound methodologies to evaluate the effectiveness of programmes. The common agreement was that both targeted and universal approaches are needed and that peer learning can support this.
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| 43. |
- Strand, Susanne, Docent, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Protecting victims of intimate partner violence : Swedish prosecutors’ experiences of decision-making regarding restraining orders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 19:2, s. 170-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Restraining orders can be used as a risk management strategy to reduce the likelihood of intimate partner violence (IPV) re-victimisation. The aim of this study was to examine how prosecutors work with cases of IPV, with a focus on their collaboration with police, use of violence risk assessment and implementation of restraining orders. A qualitative analysis was conducted based on semi-structured interviews with five prosecutors operating in two northern police districts in Sweden in 2016. Data were analysed using latent content analysis. Three overarching themes arose: The case, Organization of resources and Interpretation of the law. Each theme was discussed in the context of the prosecutors’ work with IPV. Prosecutors pointed to several inadequacies in the legislation and offered potential solutions that would ameliorate their work. Results also showed that prosecutors seldom used violence risk assessments conducted by police as a basis for issuing restraining orders. The primary reason for this was a lack of clear routines governing cooperation between police and prosecutors in the application process. The results from this study can be used when training criminal justice personnel in order to obtain a better understanding of the difficulties that prosecutors face when trying to protect victims of IPV.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Strand, Susanne, Docent, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk management of Domestic Violence
- 2019
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Ingår i: The EU Mutual Learning Programme in Gender Equality. - : European Commission.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 47. |
- Strand, Susanne, Docent, 1972-
(författare)
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Stalkning - att förfölja någon
- 2021
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Ingår i: Texter om våld. - Örebro : Centrum för våldsstudier, Örebro universitet. - 2004-3775. ; 1:1, s. 4-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 48. |
- Strand, Susanne, Docent, 1972-
(författare)
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Stalkning – olaga förföljelse
- 2019
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Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - Stockholm : Socialmedicinsk tidskrift. - 0037-833X .- 2000-4192. ; 96:4, s. 528-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stalkning, att vara förföljd av någon som orsakar rädsla eller oro, förekommer hos 9 procent - 20 procent av befolkningen i engelsktalande länder, där ungefär hälften av stalkarna är en före detta partner och den andra hälften en bekant eller en främling. En typologi utifrån stalkarens motiv kan vara användbar för att få en bättre förståelse för varför stalkningen pågår och därigenom bättre kunna hjälpa både stalkare och utsatta att hantera situationen. De som utsätts för stalkning rapporterar om en låg livskvalitet och en hög grad av psykisk ohälsa till följd av stalkningen. De utvecklar olika strategier att hantera stalkningssituationen där de positiva strategierna ger de utsatta en känsla av kontroll medan de negativa strategierna mest troligt leder till isolering och ger stalkaren större kontroll över deras liv. Den som blir stalkad bör säga nej till all form av kontakt med stalkaren, dokumentera händelserna som de blir utsatta för och kommunicera sin utsatthet för någon i sin närhet samt anmäla brott till polisen.
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