| 1. |
- Ahl, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity Reduces Epilepsy Incidence : a Retrospective Cohort Study in Swedish Cross-Country Skiers and an Experimental Study in Seizure-Prone Synapsin II Knockout Mice
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sports medicine - open. - : Springer. - 2199-1170 .- 2198-9761. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Epilepsy patients commonly exercise less than the general population. Animal studies indicate beneficial effects of physical activity in established epilepsy, while its effect on the development is currently less known.METHODS: Here, we investigated the incidence of epilepsy during 20 years in a cohort of participants from the long-distance Swedish cross-country ski race Vasaloppet (n = 197,685) and compared it to the incidence of non-participating-matched controls included in the Swedish population register (n = 197,684). Individuals diagnosed with diseases such as stroke and epilepsy before entering the race were excluded from both groups. Experimentally, we also determined how physical activity could affect the development of epilepsy in epilepsy-prone synapsin II knockout mice (SynIIKO), with and without free access to a running wheel.RESULTS: We identified up to 40-50% lower incidence of epilepsy in the Vasaloppet participants of all ages before retirement. A lower incidence of epilepsy in Vasaloppet participants was seen regardless of gender, education and occupation level compared to controls. The participants included both elite and recreational skiers, and in a previous survey, they have reported a higher exercise rate than the general Swedish population. Sub-analyses revealed a significantly lower incidence of epilepsy in participants with a faster compared to slower finishing time. Dividing participants according to specified epilepsy diagnoses revealed 40-50% decrease in focal and unspecified epilepsy, respectively, but no differences in generalized epilepsy. Voluntary exercise in seizure-prone SynIIKO mice for 1 month before predicted epilepsy development decreased seizure manifestation from > 70 to 40%. Brain tissue analyses following 1 month of exercise showed increased hippocampal neurogenesis (DCX-positive cells), while microglial (Iba1) and astrocytic activation (GFAP), neuronal Map2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor tyrosine receptor kinase B intensity were unaltered. Continued exercise for additionally 2 months after predicted seizure onset in SynIIKO mice resulted in a 5-fold reduction in seizure manifestation (from 90 to 20%), while 2 months of exercise initiated at the time of predicted seizure development gave no seizure relief, suggesting exercise-induced anti-epileptogenic rather than anti-convulsive effect.CONCLUSION: The clinical study and the experimental findings in mice indicate that physical activity may prevent or delay the development of epilepsy.
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| 2. |
- Aho Fält, Ursula, et al.
(författare)
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Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation - PTNS: an alternative treatment option for chronic therapy resistant anal fissure
- 2019
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Ingår i: Techniques in Coloproctology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1123-6337 .- 1128-045X. ; 23:4, s. 361-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for treatment resistant chronic anal fissure.MethodsConsecutive patients with chronic anal fissure were treated with neuromodulation via the posterior tibial nerve between October 2013 and January 2014. Patients had PTNS for 30 min on 10 consecutive days. All patients had failed conventional medical treatment. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, St. Marks score, Wexner’s constipation score, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-SF), bleeding and mucosal healing were evaluated before treatment, at termination, after 3 months, and then yearly for 3 years.ResultsTen patients (4 males and 6 females; mean age 49.8 years) were identified but only 9 were evaluated as one patient’s fissure healed before PTNS was started. At 3-year follow-up, fissures had remained completely healed in 5 out of 9 patients. All patients stopped bleeding and were almost completely pain-free at 3 years (VAS p = 0.010) and pain relief improved from 50% at completion to 90% at 3 years. The patients’ Wexner constipation scores improved significantly (p = 0.007).ConclusionsIn this small series, PTNS enhanced healing of chronic anal fissure and reduced pain and bleeding with an associated improvement in bowel function.
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| 3. |
- Atroshi, Isam, et al.
(författare)
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Costs for collagenase injections compared with fasciectomy in the treatment of Dupuytren's contracture: a retrospective cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 4:1, s. 004166-004166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To compare collagenase injections and surgery (fasciectomy) for Dupuytren's contracture (DC) regarding actual total direct treatment costs and short-term outcomes. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Orthopaedic department of a regional hospital in Sweden. Participants: Patients aged 65 years or older with previously untreated DC of 30 degrees or greater in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and/or proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the small, ring or middle finger. The collagenase group comprised 16 consecutive patients treated during the first 6 months following the introduction of collagenase as treatment for DC at the study centre. The controls were 16 patients randomly selected among those operated on with fasciectomy at the same centre during the preceding 3 years. Interventions: Treatment with collagenase was given during two standard outpatient clinic visits (injection of 0.9 mg, distributed at multiple sites in a palpable cord, and next-day finger extension under local anaesthesia) followed by night-time splinting. Fasciectomy was carried out in the operating room (day surgery) under general or regional anaesthesia using standard technique, followed by therapy and splinting. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Actual total direct costs (salaries of all medical personnel involved in care, medications, materials and other relevant costs), and total MCP and PIP extension deficit (degrees) measured by hand therapists at 612 weeks after the treatment. Results: Collagenase injection required fewer hospital outpatient visits to a therapist and nurse than fasciectomy. Total treatment cost for collagenase injection was US$1418.04 and for fasciectomy US $2102.56. The post-treatment median (IQR) total extension deficit was 10 (0-30) for the collagenase group and 10 (0-34) for the fasciectomy group. Conclusions: Treatment of DC with one collagenase injection costs 33% less than fasciectomy with equivalent efficacy at 6 weeks regarding reduction in contracture.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Edholm, Peter, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Lower limb explosive strength capacity in elderly women : effects of resistance training and healthy diet
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 123:1, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of 24 wk of resistance training combined with a healthy diet on lower limb explosive strength capacity were investigated in a population of healthy elderly women. Participants (n = 63; 67.5 ± 0.4 yr) were randomized into three groups; resistance training (RT), resistance training and healthy diet (RT-HD), and control (CON). Progressive resistance training was performed at a load of 75-85% one-repetition maximum. A major adjustment in the healthy dietary approach was an n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio below 2. Lower limb maximal strength, explosive force capacity during dynamic and isometric movements, whole body lean mass, and physical function were assessed. Whole body lean mass significantly increased by 1.5 ± 0.5% in RT-HD only. Isometric strength performance during knee extension as well as the performance in the five sit-to-stand and single-leg-stance tests increased similarly in RT and RT-HD. Improvements in dynamic peak power and time to reach peak power (i.e shorter time) during knee extension occurred in both RT (+15.7 ± 2.6 and -11.0 ± 3.8%, respectively) and RT-HD (+24.6 ± 2.6 and -20.3 ± 2.7%, respectively); however, changes were significantly larger in RT-HD. Similarly, changes in peak force and rate of force development during squat jump were higher in RT-HD (+58.5 ± 8.4 and +185.4 ± 32.9%, respectively) compared with RT (+35.7 ± 6.9 and +105.4 ± 22.4%, respectively). In conclusion, a healthy diet rich in n-3 PUFA can optimize the effects of resistance training on dynamic explosive strength capacity during isolated lower limb movements and multijoint exercises in healthy elderly women.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Age-related decline in lower limb explosive strength leads to impaired ability to perform daily living tasks. The present randomized controlled trial demonstrates that a healthy diet rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) enhances resistance training-induced gains in dynamic explosive strength capacity during isolated lower limb movements and multijoint exercises in healthy elderly women. This supports the use of strategies combining resistance training and dietary changes to mitigate the decline in explosive strength capacity in older adults.
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| 6. |
- Henriksson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Does inflammation markers or treatment type moderate exercise intensity effects on changes in muscle strength in cancer survivors participating in a 6-month combined resistance- and endurance exercise program? : Results from the Phys-Can trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2052-1847. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Resistance exercise has a beneficial impact on physical function for patients receiving oncological treatment. However, there is an inter-individual variation in the response to exercise and the tolerability to high-intensity exercise. Identifying potential moderating factors, such as inflammation and treatment type, for changes in muscle strength is important to improve the effectiveness of exercise programs. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if inflammation and type of oncological treatment moderate the effects of exercise intensity (high vs. low-moderate) on muscular strength changes in patients with breast (BRCA) or prostate cancer (PRCA).METHODS: Participants with BRCA (n = 286) and PRCA (n = 65) from the Physical training and Cancer study (Phys-Can) were included in the present study. Participants performed a combined resistance- and endurance exercise program during six months, at either high or low-moderate intensity. Separate regression models were estimated for each cancer type, with and without interaction terms. Moderators included in the models were treatment type (i.e., neo/adjuvant chemotherapy-yes/no for BRCA, adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)-yes/no for PRCA)), and inflammation (interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)) at follow-up.RESULTS: For BRCA, neither IL6 (b = 2.469, 95% CI [- 7.614, 12.552]) nor TNFα (b = 0.036, 95% CI [- 6.345, 6.418]) levels moderated the effect of exercise intensity on muscle strength change. The same was observed for chemotherapy treatment (b = 4.893, 95% CI [- 2.938, 12.724]). Similarly, for PRCA, the effect of exercise intensity on muscle strength change was not moderated by IL6 (b = - 1.423, 95% CI [- 17.894, 15.048]) and TNFα (b = - 1.905, 95% CI [- 8.542, 4.732]) levels, nor by ADT (b = - 0.180, 95% CI [- 11.201, 10.841]).CONCLUSIONS: The effect of exercise intensity on muscle strength is not moderated by TNFα, IL6, neo/adjuvant chemotherapy, or ADT, and therefore cannot explain any intra-variation of training response regarding exercise intensity (e.g., strength gain) for BRCA or PRCA in this setting.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02473003.
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| 7. |
- Lundberg, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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The use of panoramic images for identification of edentulous persons
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology. - : International Organization for Forensic Odonto-Stomatology. - 0258-414X .- 2219-6749. ; 37:2, s. 18-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine if edentulous persons could be identified using panoramic images by: I) investigating the possibility of matching two panoramic radiographs of the same person obtained on two different occasions, II) determining what anatomical features are used as the base for matching, III) investigating if oral and maxillofacial radiologists (OMR) and dentists who were not oral and maxillofacial radiologists (NOMR) differed in their ability to match the images, and IV) determining if the time elapsed between the images affected the results or the confidence of the match. Panoramic image pairs from 19 patients obtained on two different occasions were included, plus 10 images from other edentulous patients. The time elapsed between the image pairs varied between 4 months and 6 years. Four OMR and four NOMR were asked to match the image pairs depicting the same patient. The participants marked each match as "certain", "likely", or "possible" and what anatomical structure they used for matching. The OMR group correctly matched 100% of the images and the NOMR group correctly matched 96%. The anatomy of the mandible was most often used for matching. The OMR group was more certain in their decisions than the NOMR group. The time elapsed between the examinations did not affect the result. In conclusion, panoramic images can be used to identify edentulous patients. Both OMR and NOMR could identify edentulous individuals when only panoramic radiographic images were available and the OMR were especially confident in the identification process.
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| 8. |
- Mattsson-Carlgren, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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A beta deposition is associated with increases in soluble and phosphorylated tau that precede a positive Tau PET in Alzheimer's disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 6:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The links between beta-amyloid ( A beta ) and tau in Alzheimer's disease are unclear. Cognitively unimpaired persons with signs of A beta pathology had increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau (P-tau181 and P-tau217) and total-tau (T-tau), which increased over time, despite no detection of insoluble tau aggregates [normal Tau positron emission tomography (PET)]. CSF P-tau and T-tau started to increase before the threshold for Amyloid PET positivity, while Tau PET started to increase after Amyloid PET positivity. Effects of Amyloid PET on Tau PET were mediated by CSF P-tau, and high CSF P-tau predicted increased Tau PET rates. Individuals with MAPT mutations and signs of tau deposition (but without A beta pathology) had normal CSF P-tau levels. In 5xFAD mice, CSF tau increased when A beta aggregation started. These results show that A beta pathology may induce changes in soluble tau release and phosphorylation, which is followed by tau aggregation several years later in humans.
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| 9. |
- Mazzoni, Anne-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Reallocating sedentary time to physical activity : effects on fatigue and quality of life in patients with breast cancer in the Phys-Can project
- 2023
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Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Nature. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 31:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the effects of reallocating sedentary time to an equal amount of light (LPA) or moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) on cancer-related fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with breast cancer. We also aimed to determine the daily amount of sedentary time needed to be reallocated to LPA or MVPA to produce minimal clinically important changes in these outcomes.METHODS: Pooled baseline data from three studies were used, including women with breast cancer who participated in the Phys-Can project. Fatigue was assessed with the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory questionnaire (MFI; five dimensions, 4-20 scale) and HRQoL with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30; 0-100 scale). Sedentary time and physical activity were measured with accelerometry. Isotemporal substitution modelling was used for the analyses.RESULTS: Overall, 436 participants (mean age 56 years, fatigue 11 [MFI], HRQoL 66 [EORTC QLQ-C30], LPA 254 min/day, MVPA 71 min/day) were included. Fatigue significantly decreased in two MFI dimensions when reallocating 30 min/day of sedentary time to LPA: reduced motivation and reduced activity (β = - 0.21). Fatigue significantly decreased in three MFI dimensions when reallocating 30 min/day of sedentary time to MVPA: general fatigue (β = - 0.34), physical fatigue (β = - 0.47) and reduced activity (β = - 0.48). To produce minimal clinically important changes in fatigue (- 2 points on MFI), the amount of sedentary time needed to be reallocated to LPA was ≈290 min/day and to MVPA was ≥ 125 min/day. No significant effects were observed on HRQoL when reallocating sedentary time to LPA or MVPA.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that reallocating sedentary time to LPA or MVPA has beneficial effects on cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer, with MVPA having the greatest impact. In relatively healthy and physically active breast cancer populations, a large amount of time reallocation is needed to produce clinically important changes. Future studies are warranted to evaluate such effects in broader cancer populations.TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02473003 (10/10/2014) and NCT04586517 (14/10/2020).
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Rosenqvist, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Spridning av högfluorerade ämnen i mark från Stockholm Arlanda Airport
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Högfluorerade ämnen (PFAS) utgör en stor grupp syntetiska kemikalier som har tillverkats sedan 1950-talet för en mängd olika användningsområden i industriella processer och konsumentprodukter. Användningen av PFAS har dock ifrågasatts av forskare och myndigheter sedan början av 2000-talet då ett flertal av dessa ämnen har visats vara persistenta (ej nedbrytbara), bioackumulerande (anrikas i organismer) och toxiska (giftiga) i miljön. Ett av de mest uppmärksammade föroreningsproblemen med PFAS är den historiska användningen av filmbildande brandsläckningsskum (AFFF) som har lett till lokalt förhöjda halter av perfluoroktansulfonat (PFOS) i miljön runt brandövningsplatser. I denna rapport presenteras resultaten från projektet Re-PATH II som syftade till att studera spridningen av PFAS i mark, yt och grundvatten kring brandövningsplatsen på Stockholm Arlanda Airport (Arlanda flygplats). Fältundersökningar och provtagning har utförts i flera omgångar mellan september och november 2015. Jord, yt- och grundvattenprover analyserades för 13 PFAS och karakteriserades med avseende på organisk kol, mineralsammansättning, pH och konduktivitet. Tolkning av data utfördes med hjälp av multivariata statistiska metoder och en mekanistisk transportmodell. Detektionsfrekvensen av PFAS varierade mellan de olika provmatriserna, var i undersökningsområdet provet togs och de olika ämnenas kemiska struktur. PFAS-ämnen med upp till åtta perfluorerade kolatomer detekterades i stort sett i alla jord- och vattenprover medan de PFAS-ämnen med fler än åtta perfluorerade kolatomer endast återfanns i proverna nära källan. Halterna av samtliga PFAS uppvisade en exponentiellt minskande trend med ökande avstånd till källan vid brandövningsplatsen. En principalkomponentanalys visade signifikanta skillnader i kompositionen av olika PFAS i jord respektive vattenprover samt att dessa förändrades längs med provtagningsgradienten. Dessa trender i sammansättningen av olika PFAS kunde i sin tur förklaras av experimentellt bestämda fördelningskoefficienter från parade jord- och grundvattenprover. I överenstämmelse med tidigare studier observerades ett starkt positivt samband mellan Kd och antalet perfluorerade kolatomer (fluor bundet till kol). Simulerade och uppmätta koncentrationer av PFOS i grundvatten uppvisade relativt god överensstämmelse då platsspecifik inputdata användes. Transportmodellen underskattade dock halterna i grundvatten nära källtermen vilket indikerar att en linjär sorptionsmodell inte kan beskriva de komplexa interaktionerna mellan PFAS och jordmatrisen vid höga koncentrationer och förekomst av andra organiska föroreningar från brandövningsplatser. Med ledning av resultatet från denna studie bedöms grundvattnet inte vara en källa för långväga transport av PFOS och andra PFAS-ämnen med reservation för transport via sprickor i berggrunden som inte undersöktes här. Den främsta transportvägen av PFAS från brandövningsplatsen är istället via ytligt grundvatten, grunda dräneringsdiken eller lokala fördjupningar i terrängen. Baserat på dessa slutsatser skulle uppsamling och rening av dessa ytliga vattenflöden kunna utgöra en rimlig åtgärdsstrategi för att minska belastningen av PFAS till Mälaren.
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| 13. |
- Schauer, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-treatment levels of inflammatory markers and chemotherapy completion rates in patients with early-stage breast cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : Springer Nature. - 1341-9625 .- 1437-7772. ; 28:1, s. 89-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy efficacy is largely dependent on treatment adherence, defined by the relative dose intensity (RDI). Identification of new modifiable risk factors associated with low RDI might improve chemotherapy delivery. Here, we evaluated the association between low RDI and pre-chemotherapy factors, including patient- and treatment-related characteristics and markers of inflammation.METHODS: This exploratory analysis assessed data from 267 patients with early-stage breast cancer scheduled to undergo (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy included in the Physical training and Cancer (Phys-Can) trial. The association between low RDI, defined as < 85%, patient-related (age, body mass index, co-morbid condition, body surface area) and treatment-related factors (cancer stage, receptor status, chemotherapy duration, chemotherapy dose, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) was investigated. Analyses further included the association between RDI and pre-chemotherapy levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in 172 patients with available blood samples.RESULTS: An RDI of < 85% occurred in 31 patients (12%). Univariable analysis revealed a significant association with a chemotherapy duration above 20 weeks (p < 0.001), chemotherapy dose (p = 0.006), pre-chemotherapy IL-8 (OR 1.61; 95% CI (1.01; 2.58); p = 0.040) and TNF-α (OR 2.2 (1.17; 4.53); p = 0.019). In multivariable analyses, inflammatory cytokines were significant association with low RDI for IL-8 (OR: 1.65 [0.99; 2.69]; p = 0.044) and TNF-α (OR 2.95 [1.41; 7.19]; p = 0.007).CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory analysis highlights the association of pre-chemotherapy IL-8 and TNF-α with low RDI of chemotherapy for breast cancer. IL-8 and TNF-α may therefore potentially help to identify patients at risk for experiencing dose reductions. Clinical trial number NCT02473003 (registration: June 16, 2015).
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| 14. |
- Strandberg, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of heavy-load resistance training during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy on muscle cellular outcomes in women with breast cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Medicine. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 100:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: (Neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer has a deleterious impact on muscle tissue resulting in reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle mass and function. Physical exercise during treatment may counteract some of these negative effects. However, the effects of resistance training (RT) alone have never been explored. The present study aims to investigate if heavy-load RT during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy counteracts deleterious effects on skeletal muscle in women diagnosed with breast cancer. We hypothesize that (neo-)adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy will reduce muscle fiber size, impair mitochondrial function, and increase indicators of cellular stress and that RT during treatment will counteract these negative effects. We also hypothesize that RT during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy will increase muscle and blood levels of potential antitumor myokines and reduce treatment-related side effects on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness.Methods: Fifty women recently diagnosed with breast cancer scheduled to start (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy will be randomized to either randomized to either intervention group or to control group.The intervention group will perform supervised heavy-load RT twice a week over the course of chemotherapy (approximately 16-weeks) whereas the control group will be encouraged to continue with their usual activities. Muscle biopsies from m. vastus lateralis will be collected before the first cycle of chemotherapy (T0), after chemotherapy (T1), and 6 months later (T2) for assessment of muscle cellular outcomes. The primary outcome for this study is muscle fiber size. Secondary outcomes are: regulators of muscle fiber size and function, indicators of cellular stress and mitochondrial function, myokines with potential antitumor effects, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness.Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala, Sweden (Dnr:2016/230/2). Results will be disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings, publications in peer-reviewed journals, social media, and patient organizations.Trial registration number: NCT04586517.
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| 15. |
- Strandberg, Emelie, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of combined resistance training and healthy diet on muscle mass in healthy elderly women : a randomized controlled trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 119:8, s. 918-925
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The delivery of efficient nonpharmacological treatment to prevent the loss of muscle mass in older adults is a major challenge, and information on the combined effects of training and diet is particularly important. Here we aimed to evaluate the effects of 24 wk of resistance training combined with a healthy dietary approach (n-6/n-3 ratio < 2) in a population of healthy and physically active older women (65-70 years). The three-armed randomized controlled trial included a resistance training + healthy diet group (RT-HD), a resistance training group (RT), and controls (CON). All subjects included in the study were physically active and had low levels of serum inflammatory markers. In accordance with the dietary goals, the n-6/n-3 ratio dietary intake significantly decreased only in RT-HD by 42%. An increase in 1 repetition maximum in leg extension occurred in RT (+20.4%) and RT-HD (+20.8%), but not in CON. Interestingly, leg lean mass significantly increased only in RT-HD (+1.8%). While there were no changes in serum C-reactive protein and IL-6 levels, a significant decrease in serum level of the pro-inflammatory precursor arachidonic acid (-5.3 +/- 9.4%) together with an increase in serum n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (+8.3%) occurred only in RT-HD. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the effects of resistance training on muscle mass in healthy older adults can be optimized by the adoption of a healthy diet.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Strandberg, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Resistance Training Alone or Combined With N-3 PUFA-Rich Diet in Older Women : Effects on Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy
- 2019
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 74:4, s. 489-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to examine cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle of recreationally active older women in response to 24 weeks of combined resistance training and N-3 PUFA-rich healthy diet. Sixty-three women (65-70 years) were randomized into resistance training and healthy diet rich in N-3PUFAs (RT-HD), resistance training only (RT) and controls (CON). Fiber type-specific morphological characteristics and gene expression of inflammatory biomarkers and regulators of muscle mass were analyzed in m. vastus lateralis biopsies obtained before the intervention and 4 days after the last training session. Gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β was downregulated (p < .05) and that of the regulator of cellular growth mTOR (p < 0.05) was upregulated in skeletal muscle of RT-HD only. There was also a significant hypertrophy of fast type IIA muscle fibers in RT-HD only (+23%, p < .05). In conclusion, resistance training combined to an N-3 PUFA-rich healthy diet but not alone triggers local anti-inflammatory and growth responses, favoring skeletal muscle hypertrophy in already recreationally active older women.
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| 18. |
- Strandberg, Emelie, 1986-
(författare)
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Skeletal Muscle Mass & Function in Older Women : Health-Enhancing Influences of Combined Resistance Exercise & Diet
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ageing is accompanied by a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength which may lead to impaired ability to perform activities of daily living in older adults. Although the exact cause of the gradual decline in muscle mass is unknown, identifying efficient strategies aiming to prevent age-related loss of muscle mass and strength is important in order to promote healthy ageing. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the effects of resistance training alone or combined with a healthy diet on skeletal muscle mass and function of healthy recreationally active older women and to determine mechanisms by which elevated systemic inflammation may contribute to the age-related decline of muscle mass in older adults. The combination of resistance training and a healthy diet induced gains in leg lean mass as well as greater gains in dynamic explosive force than resistance training alone in healthy recreationally active older women. The observed gains in leg lean mass were accompanied by increases in the size of type IIA muscle fibres together with down-regulation in gene expression of a pro-inflammatory factor (IL-1β) and upregulation in gene expression of a regulator of cellular growth (mTOR) in skeletal muscle of older women. Additionally, reduced muscle protein synthesis and size of muscle cells may mediate the detrimental effects of elevated circulating markers of inflammation on muscle mass in older adults. In conclusion, the present thesis depicts mechanistic links between elevated systemic marker of inflammation and muscle mass and provides new information on the effects of combined resistance training and healthy diet on muscle mass and strength in a group of healthy recreationally active older women. This knowledge is instrumental for development of strategies aiming to prevent age-related loss of muscle mass and function.
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| 19. |
- Strandberg, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Who makes it all the way? : Participants vs. decliners, and completers vs. drop-outs, in a 6-month exercise trial during cancer treatment. Results from the Phys-Can RCT
- 2022
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Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Nature. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 30:2, s. 1739-1748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To compare sociodemographic, health- and exercise-related characteristics of participants vs. decliners, and completers vs. drop-outs, in an exercise intervention trial during cancer treatment.Methods Patients with newly diagnosed breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer were invited to participate in a 6-month exercise intervention. Background data for all respondents (n = 2051) were collected at baseline by questionnaire and medical records. Additional data were collected using an extended questionnaire, physical activity monitors, and fitness testing for trial participants (n = 577). Moreover, a sub-group of decliners (n = 436) consented to additional data collection by an extended questionnaire . Data were analyzed for between-group differences using independent t-tests and chi2-tests.Results Trial participants were younger (59 ± 12yrs vs. 64 ± 11yrs, p < .001), more likely to be women (80% vs. 75%, p = .012), and scheduled for chemotherapy treatment (54% vs. 34%, p < .001), compared to decliners (n = 1391). A greater proportion had university education (60% vs 40%, p < .001), reported higher anxiety and fatigue, higher exercise self-efficacy and outcome expectations, and less kinesiophobia at baseline compared to decliners. A greater proportion of trial participants were classified as ‘not physically active’ at baseline; however, within the group who participated, being “physically active” at baseline was associated with trial completion. Completers (n = 410) also reported less kinesiophobia than drop-outs (n = 167).Conclusion The recruitment procedures used in comprehensive oncology exercise trials should specifically address barriers for participation among men, patients without university education and older patients. Individualized efforts should be made to enroll patients with low exercise self-efficacy and low outcome expectations of exercise. To retain participants in an ongoing exercise intervention, extra support may be needed for patients with kinesiophobia and those lacking health-enhancing exercise habits at baseline.
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| 20. |
- Vikmoen, Olav, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of High and Low-To-Moderate Intensity Exercise During (Neo-) Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Muscle Cells, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Muscle Function in Women With Breast Cancer : Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1929-0748. ; 11:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: (Neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer is effective but has deleterious side effects on muscle tissue, resulting in reduced skeletal muscle mass, muscle function, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Various exercise regimens during cancer treatment have been shown to counteract some of these side effects. However, no study has compared the effect of high-intensity training versus low-to-moderate intensity training on muscle tissue cellular outcomes and physical function in patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy.Objective: The aim of this substudy within the Physical Training in Cancer (Phys-Can) consortium is to evaluate and compare the effects of high and low-to-moderate intensity exercise on muscle cellular outcomes, muscle function, and cardiorespiratory fitness in women with breast cancer undergoing (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy. We further aim to investigate if the effects of chemotherapy including taxanes on muscles will be different from those of taxane-free chemotherapy.Methods: Eighty women recently diagnosed with breast cancer scheduled to start (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy will be randomized to a combination of strength and endurance training, either at high intensity or at low-to-moderate intensity. Testing of muscle function and cardiorespiratory fitness and collection of muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle will be performed before the first cycle of chemotherapy (or after 1 week, when not possible) (T0), halfway through chemotherapy (T1), and after completion of chemotherapy (T2). It is estimated that approximately 50% of the participants will be willing to undergo muscle biopsies. To separate the effect of the treatment itself, a usual care group with no supervised training will also be included, and in this group, testing and collection of muscle biopsies will be performed at T0 and T2 only.Results: This study is funded by Active Against Cancer (Aktiv mot kreft) (May 2013) and the Norwegian Cancer Society (December 2018). Inclusion started in December 2016 and the last participant is expected to be recruited in December 2022. As of June 2022, we enrolled 38 (19 with biopsies) participants to the high-intensity training group, 36 (19 with biopsies) participants to the low-to-moderate intensity training group, and 17 (16 with biopsies) participants to the usual care group. Data analyses will start in fall 2022. The first results are expected to be published in spring 2024.Conclusions: This study will generate new knowledge about the effects of different training intensities for women with breast cancer during chemotherapy treatment. It will give further insight into how chemotherapy affects the muscle tissue and how physical training at different intensities may counteract the treatment side effects in muscles. The results of this study will inform
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| 21. |
- Wåhlin-Larsson, Britta, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic Links Underlying the Impact of C-Reactive Protein on Muscle Mass in Elderly
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. - : Karger. - 1015-8987 .- 1421-9778. ; 44:1, s. 267-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mechanisms underlying the relationship between systemic inflammation and age-related decline in muscle mass are poorly defined. The purpose of this work was to investigate the relationship between the systemic inflammatory marker CRP and muscle mass in elderly and to identify mechanisms by which CRP mediates its effects on skeletal muscle, in-vitro.METHODS: Muscle mass and serum CRP level were determined in a cohort of 118 older women (67±1.7 years). Human muscle cells were differentiated into myotubes and were exposed to CRP. The size of myotubes was determined after immunofluorescent staining using troponin. Muscle protein synthesis was assessed using stable isotope tracers and key signalling pathways controlling protein synthesis were determined using western-blotting.RESULTS: We observed an inverse relationship between circulating CRP level and muscle mass (β= -0.646 (95% CI: -0.888, -0.405) p<0.05) and demonstrated a reduction (p < 0.05) in the size of human myotubes exposed to CRP for 72 h. We next showed that this morphological change was accompanied by a CRP-mediated reduction (p < 0.05) in muscle protein fractional synthetic rate of human myotubes exposed to CRP for 24 h. We also identified a CRP-mediated increased phosphorylation (p<0.05) of regulators of cellular energy stress including AMPK and downstream targets, raptor and ACC-β, together with decreased phosphorylation of Akt and rpS6, which are important factors controlling protein synthesis.CONCLUSION: This work established for the first time mechanistic links by which chronic elevation of CRP can contribute to age-related decline in muscle function.
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| 22. |
- Zonabend König, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Breeding objectives for Red Maasai and Dorper sheep in Kenya – a participatory approach
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Red Maasai sheep breed is under threat due to indiscriminate crossbreeding and strategies are needed to conserve and improve the breed. The aim of this study was to understand farmers' preferences for important traits of flocks of Red Maasai, Dorper and crosses in two different areas, Amboseli and Isinya, in Kenya. Farmers identified three ewes that represented the best, average, and poorest within its breed group of each farm and gave reasons for their ranking. The most important traits were body size and growth rate and thereafter milk yield. The Red Maasai was preferred for its better reproduction and tolerance against diseases and drought. In the harshest area, Amboseli, all breed groups had about the same body weight, whereas in Isinya, where conditions are better and farmers are more market oriented, Dorper and crosses had superior weights.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Zonabend König, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Live weight, conformation, carcass traits and economic values of ram lambs of Red Maasai and Dorper sheep and their crosses
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 49, s. 121–129-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meat production is the most important trait in the breeding objectives of sheep production in East Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate breed differences in live weight, conformation, carcass traits and economic values for meat production among Red Maasai and Dorper sheep and their crosses. In total, 88 ram lambs, which were reared at the ILRI experimental station, Kapiti plains Estate in Central Kenya, were used for the study. The lambs were slaughtered at Kenya Meat Commission (KMC) at about 1 year of age. Prior to slaughter, the lambs were weighed, measured and assessed by experienced evaluators, and at the abattoir carcass traits were recorded. Large breed differences were found for most traits. Dorper lambs were heavier at delivery for slaughter and had better carcass grade but lower dressing percentage and fat levels than Red Maasai. Crossbreds were generally better than the parental breeds. Evaluators were willing to pay more for the Dorper lambs for slaughter although carcass weights later were shown not to be higher than for Red Maasai. Evaluators undervalued Red Maasai lambs by 8-13 % compared to Dorper lambs according to the prices quoted per kilogramme live or carcass weight by KMC. Live weight was better than any other live measure in predicting carcass weight. Due to the overall higher ranking of the crossbred lambs for meat production, Dorper may be useful as a terminal sire breed for crossing with Red Maasai ewes.
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| 25. |
- Zonabend König, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Participatory definition of breeding objectives for sheep breeds under pastoral systems -the case of Red Maasai and Dorper sheep in Kenya
- 2016
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Ingår i: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 48, s. 9-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crossing local breeds with exotic breeds may be an option for increased livestock productivity. However, there is a risk for endangerment of the local breeds. One such case is in Kenya where the imported Dorper breed is used for crossbreeding with Red Maasai sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate farmers' trait preferences as a basis for determination of breeding objectives for Red Maasai and Dorper sheep at two sites, Amboseli and Isinya, in Kenya. Within their own flock, each farmer identified three ewes representing the best, average and poorest within each breed group: Red Maasai, Dorper and Crosses. Farmers gave reasons for their ranking. Body measurements and weights were also taken. At the harshest site, Amboseli, differences between breed groups in body weight were small and breeds were equally preferred. In Isinya, where environmental conditions are better and farmers are more market oriented, Dorper and Crosses had significantly higher body weights and market prices and were thus preferred by the farmers. Red Maasai were preferred for their maternal and adaptive traits. Breeding objectives should emphasize growth traits and milk production in both breeds at both sites. Body condition needs to be specifically considered in the breeding objectives for sheep in Amboseli, whereas adaptive traits need to be generally emphasized in Dorper.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Zonabend König, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Purebreeding of Red Maasai and crossbreeding with Dorper sheep in different environments in Kenya
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. - : Wiley. - 0931-2668 .- 1439-0388. ; 134, s. 531-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article was to study opportunities for improvement of the indigenous and threatened Red Maasai sheep (RM) in Kenya, by comparing purebreeding with crossbreeding with Dorper sheep (D) as a terminal breed, in two different environments (Env. A and a harsher Env. B), assuming different levels of genotype-by-environment interaction (GxE). Breeding goals differed between environments and breeds. Four scenarios of nucleus breeding schemes were stochastically simulated, with the nucleus in Env. A. Overall, results showed an increase in carcass weight produced per ewe by more than 10% over 15years. Genetic gain in carcass weight was 0.17 genetic SD/year (0.2kg/year) across scenarios for RM in the less harsh Env. A. For survival and milk yield, the gain was lower (0.04-0.05 genetic SD/year). With stronger GxE, the gain in the commercial tier for RM in the harsher Env. B became increasingly lower. Selection of females also within the commercial tier gave slightly higher genetic gain. The scenario with purebreeding of RM and a subnucleus in Env. B gave the highest total income and quantity of meat. However, quantity of meat in Env. A increased slightly from having crossbreeding with D, whereas that in Env. B decreased. A simple and well-designed nucleus breeding programme would increase the genetic potential of RM. Crossbreeding of RM with D is not recommended for harsh environmental conditions due to the large breed differences expected in that environment.
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