| 1. |
- Adam, Sandy, et al.
(författare)
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Playing by the rules of academia? : The impact of an international research project on the professional identity development of early-career academics in sport management
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Educational Research Open. - : Elsevier. - 2666-3740. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to examine how participating in an international research project (IRP) can impact the way early-career academics (ECAs) perceive academia and thus their professional identity development. Based on neoinstitutional theory, we examine autoethnographic memory stories of six ECAs within sport management who participated in an international research project (IRP). These ECAs experienced an important professional socialization process into the institutional logics of sport management academia. We found that the academics' perception of doing research was influenced by reflection processes of and within the prevailing logics of the organizational field of sport management academia. ECAs benefit from participating in IRPs as they foster the ability to develop career decisions that will benefit them personally and professionally. The paper highlights opportunities of IRPs in contributing to transferable skill development for ECAs and concludes with recommendations for doctoral students and educators.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bodemar, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Doomed to fail? : A study of how junior managers at a major sport event cope with leadership issues
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1475-8962 .- 1740-2808. ; 20:3/4, s. 271-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The organising committee at the 2012 World Snowboarding Championships in Oslo experienced major problems such as uncertainty among the junior managers and general chaos. Despite this, in external communications, the event was declared to be a success. This article draws on the works of Parent and Seguin (2007) and Parent et al. (2009) to examine the key leadership and organisational factors that contributed to these problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the junior managers coped with uncertainty and solved problems. This study is based on semi-structured interviews, documents, and participant observations. The findings show that a variety of mechanisms caused uncertainty, including some factors that predicted the event's failure. Although the existing literature is focused on explaining events' success or lack thereof via leadership, this case provides an opportunity to understand how an event can succeed despite the presence of factors that typically lead to failure.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hamstad, D., et al.
(författare)
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En bærekraftig idrettsorganisasjon : Lang vei fra vedtak til implementering
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bærekraft i idrett og friluftsliv. - : Universitetsforlaget. - 9788215061153 ; , s. 121-138
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I dette kapittelet analyserer vi strategiprosessen til Norges Fotballforbund (NFF) innenfor vedtatt satsing på bærekraft. Prosessen, med tydelig preg av bærekraft, startet med en ovenfra-og-ned-tilnærming, men er i løpet av endringsfasen justert slik at det legges til rette for at idrettslagene involveres gjennom kretsleddet. NFF sentralt får da tilbakemeldinger fra dem som politikken er rettet mot, og kan gjøre tiltak for å tilpasse politikken til forskjellige kontekster.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hanstad, Dag Vidar, et al.
(författare)
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Idrett og bærekraft : Perspektiver på miljø- og samfunnsansvar i idrettens organisasjoner
- 2021
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hva legger vi i begrepet bærekraft? Hva er bærekraftig utvikling? Hvem har bestemt at hele verden skal jobbe for å nå 17 bærekraftsmål innen 2030? Er målene ambisiøse nok? Vil målene bidra til at vi klarer å bremse klimaendringene? Hva er egentlig en bærekraftig idrettsorganisasjon? Og hva har alt dette med idrett å gjøre? Idrett og bærekraft tar tak i disse og mange andre spørsmål. Målet med boka er å gi en innføring i hva bærekraft egentlig er for noe. Den følger et hovedspor innenfor idretten, men har også en mer generell tilnærming. I tillegg til utgangspunktet i FNs bærekraftsmål presenteres også en teoretisk tilnærming til tematikken. Forfatterne ser også med et kritisk blikk på bærekraftsmålene og politikken de representerer. Idrett og bærekraft er en bok som passer for studenter, tillitsvalgte og ansatte i idretten. Den er å anse som en innføring til et stort tema. Boka gir grunnleggende kunnskap til deg som er nysgjerrig og søkende, og kanskje er eller vil inn i en organisasjon som skal jobbe med bærekraft.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Houlihan, Barrie, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: Stakeholder analysis and sport organisations. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 9780367630164 - 9780367630188 - 9781003111917 ; , s. 3-27
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter examines the strengths and weaknesses of stakeholder theory and begins by tracing the genesis of the theory in relation to business management. The flexibility and the widespread application of stakeholder theory across a range of sport management and policy issues are acknowledged and illustrated. Among the weaknesses identified are the lack of definitional clarity of key concepts such as ‘a stake’ and ‘stakeholding’, the difficulty of distinguishing between types of stakeholders, the treatment of power within the theory and the extent to which the theory is applicable outside western capitalist economies. The chapter continues with a discussion of other theories of interorganisational relations and their potential as alternatives or complements to stakeholder theory. The chapter concludes with a summary of the contributions to the collection.
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| 12. |
- Houlihan, Barrie, et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholding and youth sport in England and Norway
- 2022
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Ingår i: Stakeholder Analysis and Sport Organisations. - London : Routledge. - 9781003111917
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we identify the complex youth sport stakeholder network and stakeholder interests. The chapter provides a brief review of the evolution of the youth sport policy area in England and Norway from the 1960s to the 2020s. The brief review of the evolution of the youth sport policy area produces four major observations. The first is the lack of stability of stakeholder influence. The second observation is the significance of ideology in shaping the context within which youth sport policy is made. The third observation is whether it is accurate to refer to a youth sport policy network rather than a series of policy areas (education, health, youth justice and sport) that make policy decisions that have consequences for youth sport. A fourth observation is the weakness of stakeholders who have a direct interest in youth sport as measured by urgency, power and legitimacy.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Kristiansen, Elsa, et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholders, Challenges and Issues at a Co-Hosted Youth Olympic Event : Lessons Learned from the European Youth Olympic Festival in 2015
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of the History of Sport. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0952-3367 .- 1743-9035. ; 33:10, s. 1152-1168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 12th European Youth Olympic Festival (EYOF) was arranged in Austria and Liechtenstein in January 2015. By using a stakeholder framework, the study aims to: (a) identify and differentiate between primary and secondary stakeholders based on their level of influence in planning, implementation and impact of the event; and (b) analyze the challenges and issues caused by the co-hosting. Qualitative data stemming from interviews, observations and document analysis indicate that EYOF is a less formalized event with a scaled down budget. The local stakeholders turned out to have most to gain and were willing to pay for such an event. Therefore, the Organizing Committee involved local sponsors, companies and communities, who became core or primary stakeholders, whereas the usual IOC core stakeholders played a reduced role. Major challenges in co-hosting were the coordination and administration of a border, two currencies, transportation and accommodation. EYOF as an international event might not have international influence, but it may have a sustainable impact on the communities due to the co-host. This implies that co-hosting is a good model for future Olympic hosts if one wants to attract smaller countries, and have the benefits of cost-reduction, strengthening the community and cross-border relations.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Lesjø, Jon Helge, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of influence : relationship with the IOC as seen by the organisers of the Youth Olympic Winter Games 2016
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing. - Geneva : Inderscience Publishers. - 1475-8962 .- 1740-2808. ; 17:4-6, s. 331-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Youth Olympic Games (YOG) resembles the Olympic Games in many ways but it has its own identity and characteristics. In this article, we analyse patterns of influence between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and local organisers prior to the YOG 2016. The findings show that these patterns vary over time and between different areas of governance and management. The IOC in general follows event organisers rather losely through detailed manuals, routines of communications, and reports. According to local organisers, this model of governance fits big events such as the Olympics better than smaller events such as YOG. Through time and processes characterised by 'negotiated trust' however, local organisers gained more autonomy. This case shows that hosts can gain power through the control and trust mechanism and realise local projects.
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| 18. |
- Lindsey, Iain, et al.
(författare)
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Two decades of youth sport policy research : an augmented scoping review and synthesis
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Sport Management Quarterly. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1618-4742 .- 1746-031X.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research question: This article addresses the need to develop a comprehensive understanding of research on the formation and content of youth sport policies by presenting a review of studies across the period from 2000 to 2020. The review examined the scale and scope of these studies, collective research findings, and theoretical and methodological approaches utilised.Research methods: Compatible approaches to research synthesis were utilised. Scoping review methods supported searching within 31 relevant journals . Scoping review techniques augmented by those of ‘meta-study’ were used to analyse the 71 articles that were identified through the review. The definition of youth sport policy research through inclusion/exclusion of articles was determinedResults and Findings: Youth sport policy research was dominated by studies in Europe and North America. There was also a predominance of qualitative methods, with studies being collectively limited in their utilisation of theory. Forty-four percent of studies examined policies focused on schools, with similar proportions (between 17% and 20%) addressing policies for welfare and safeguarding, community-based participation, and high-performance sport. Youth sport policy goals were often found to overlap and be influenced by other policy agendas, with health being a prominent policy concern.Implications: Besides the need for a wider geographical spread, improved theoretical underpinning and expanding quantitative methods should be priorities for future youth sport policy research. Extending normative analysis and study of democracy and inclusion in youth sport policy-making should also be pursued, especially as young people appear commonly excluded from these processes.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Rasmussen, Sofus, et al.
(författare)
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Institutional work as response to institutional complexities in hybrid elite sport and sport for all organizations
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Sport Management Quarterly. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1618-4742 .- 1746-031X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research question This study aimed to examine how actors across different organizational levels respond to institutional complexity when facilitating elite sport and sport for all. By applying institutional work to understand responses to institutional complexity better, we examined the individual actors’ organizational roles and why and how they transformed the complexity in performing day-to-day work.Research methods Data were collected in a bottom-up approach using qualitative focus groups and in-depth interviews. 149 representatives within Norwegian sport organizations contributed to the study, including coaches, club managers, directors, managers in national sport organizations, and the president of the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports (NIF)Results and findings Institutional complexity is differently characterized at the different organizational levels. One common issue across levels is that the institutional complexity of sport for all and elite sport is seen as challenging, especially in the local sport clubs where institutional logics turn into day-to-day activity. The main source of the challenge is unifying the youth players and practitioners’ different skills and ambitions, which propagates upwards in the organization. How actors respond to complexity varies within the organizational levels and the different sports. Tensions stemming from complexity are often neglected by the political argument of ‘the trickle down and up effects’, which to a considerable extent lacks empirical evidence.Implications We recommend local sport managers prioritize expectation management to counteract a conflict of interests between institutional logics. It is necessary that national governing bodies better align their policies with the interest and organizational capacity of local clubs.
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| 22. |
- Sand, Trond Svela, et al.
(författare)
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2016 Winter Youth Olympic Games: planning for a volunteer legacy
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1475-8962 .- 1740-2808. ; 17:4-6, s. 242-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to investigate the relation between the legacy planning process of the 2016 Winter Youth Olympic Games (YOG 2016) and the willingness of event volunteers to continue long-term club volunteering and sports event volunteering after the YOG 2016. The article is based on survey data (n = 930) of young volunteers (≤29 years) and shows that they were reflexive oriented in their motives, however collective motives were important as well. Furthermore, the young volunteers were positive with respect to the general experience as volunteers and to how this had influenced their willingness for future volunteering. The findings are discussed in relation to managerial actions during the YOG 2016, such as performance feedback, training for and communication of task specification - and how lack of such may be a barrier for future volunteering.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Skille, Eivind Å., et al.
(författare)
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(Lack of) government policy for indigenous (Sámi) sport : A chain of legitimating and de-legitimating acts
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Review for the Sociology of Sport. - : Sage Publications. - 1012-6902 .- 1461-7218. ; 57:1, s. 112-128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While colonization as policy is formally a historic phenomenon in Norway and elsewhere, many former structures of state organization – including their relationship to sport – remain under post-colonial conditions. This paper is concerned with how the Norwegian government contributes to creating a situation, which includes the Norwegian sports confederation (NIF) but excludes the indigenous people Sámi's sports organisation. Based on existing data and literature, we analyse how the state favours NIF through a chain of legitimating acts. Thus, sport is a preserve of colonization, where a one-sided legitimation parallels a de-legitimation of the overarching sport policy goal of sport-for-all. However, there are signs of change whereby actors are challenging NIF’s monopoly and 'older' state-sport regimes.
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| 26. |
- Skille, Eivind Å., et al.
(författare)
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Private football academies - friend or foe? : an analysis of Norwegian media's framing of arguments about private football academies and the monopoly of organized sport
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Review for the Sociology of Sport. - : Sage Publications. - 1012-6902 .- 1461-7218. ; 58:8, s. 1263-1281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Private football academies challenge the monopoly of Norwegian voluntary and democratic sport. Using field theory and framing approach as analytical perspectives, this article presents a media analysis that reveals that, first, association football and private academies agree on the fact that Norwegian football is not good enough and must improve. Second, they disagree on whether to improve it within association football exclusively or supplemented by private actors that are inspired by the international football field. Third, there is a negative popular view of private academies as too expensive, unconcerned with children's best interests, in violation of Norwegian sport's regulations for children's sport, and-in sum-thus being accused of destroying 'sport for all'. However, by employing the analytical concepts of habitus and fields, the article also shows how actors partake in several subfields-often on both sides of the private-association barder.
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| 27. |
- Skille, Eivind Å., et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholder relationships in the work of anti-doping
- 2022
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Ingår i: Stakeholder Analysis and Sport Organisations. - London : Routledge. - 9781003111917
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter scrutinises the international work of antidoping with the application of stakeholder theory on three distinct levels: 1) the governing level with WADA as the focal organisation; 2) the implementation level with a Norwegian Anti-Doping Organisation as focal unit and 3) the individual political level with the Norwegian sport minister, who has also been the vice president of WADA, as the case. We argue that stakeholder theory has a modest value as a descriptive tool for mapping the pattern of interorganisational relations; however, it obscures power relations and creates an impression of a benign leadership doing its best to accommodate the interests of stakeholders. In other words, stakeholder theory is an ideological construct that suits the interests of established interests. In the case of anti-doping, we find that this is especially prominent for stakeholders such as media, IOC, IFs, etc., rather than athletes – who are impacted to the highest extent by the anti-doping regimes. Seeing the international work on anti-doping as an organisational field, we provide a rationale for considering institutional theory as a suitable alternative analytical framework.
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| 28. |
- Skirstad, B, et al.
(författare)
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Managing Football Organizations : a Man’s World?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st European Association for Sport Management Conference, Istanbul 2013. - : European Association for Sport Management.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Skirstad, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Sport Management in Norway : Present and Future Trends
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Being the leading institution of higher education for providing sport management educationin Norway, the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences strives to make our study programs asrelevant and applicable as possible for our students. We have been successful when ourstudents find relevant and inspiring jobs. In order to further develop curricula, we took part inthe EU funded Erasmus+ project New Age in Sport Management Education (NASME) togetherwith eight other European countries. This report is about Norway.
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| 31. |
- Skirstad, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Unpacking Sport Managers' Future Preferred Competences
- 2019
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Ingår i: The 27th European Sport Management Conference, Sevilla, Spain, September 3-6, 2019. - : European Association for Sport Management. - 9788409140688 ; , s. 726-728
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim and research questions: In 2017, an ERASMUS+ project was launched in order to improve the match between obtained skills through sport management education and demand in the labour marketin nine European countries: Denmark, Finland, Czech Republic, Norway, Germany, France, Spain, Greece and Lithuania. This research is a follow-up of a previous AEHSIS(Aligning a European Higher Education Structure in Sport Sciences) study done in 2004 where only six countries participated (AEHESIS, 2006). Findings from Norway are the subject for this presentation. One focus of the research project aims at answering the following question: Which trends will affect the future competencies of sport managersand which competences are preferred in future?Literature Review:Few previous studies show the relationship between competences acquired in sport management education (Dunkel, Wohlfart & Wendeborn, 2018) and what is preferred by the labour market (Schlesinger, Studer & Nagel, 2015,2016). A recent study analyzed the context specific competencies from a sport management alumni perspective (Fahrner &Schüttoff, 2019). We have focused on competencies required by those having sport management positions in the different sectors as explained by Schlesinger, Studer andNagel (2016). These competences are: social competence, methodological competence, subject specific competence and self-competence.Research design, methodology and data analysis:A combination of quantitative surveyand qualitative interview data were used. In early January 2018, 63 persons working assport managers answered a questionnaire sent out by e-mail. The response rate was 72per cent (63 of 88). The respondents came from four sectors in the sport industry: 1)non-profit and professional sport clubs 2) a city or municipality (public sector), 3)regional and national sport organizations, and 4) private enterprises. 68 per cent of therespondents were male and 32 per cent female. Age varied from 25 to 69 years. Importance-Performance analysis (Martilla & James, 1977) was used to identify competences important in the future. On bases of the results from this survey, interviews with ten experts (key informants) followed in the beginning of 2019. None of the experts has been involved in the previous survey. Several of the experts had own experience from several sectors, and that is why they were chosen for interview. Six were females and four men. The interviews lasted on average one hour, and they were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The interview transcripts were analyzed in four steps. The last step was to compare the findings from the survey with the findings from the qualitative data. All authors participated in the data analysis.Results/findings and discussion:Similar to the previous AEHSIS study, the trends of commercialization, digitalization and internationalization were confirmed as the most significant factors for change. Almost 90 per cent of the respondents claimed that commercialization would affect their future work and especially the costs for sports for children. Commercialization, which is defined to be mean that sport has become a comodity, will lead to more cooperation with sponsors, increased sums for media rights and selling/buying of athletes. This will again influence that taking part in sport becomes more expensive. Competences that will be needed for sport managers are creative work, B2B, B2C, marketing and entrepreneurship. More than half of the respondents thought internationalization of sport would have an effect and result in more professionalized sport clubs and international requirements. Internationalization refers to the increasing importance of international cooperation, international relations, agreements, alliances, etc. Only people in small local clubs did not agree to this development. Information technology will have impact on work tasks, competences as well as future positions, 97 per cent answered. All respondents highlighted the importance of a new digital age within the sport industry. High demands for specialists on social media, (digital) marketing, information technology and communication are the result.Conclusion, Contribution and Implication:The competences, which are preferred by sport managers in the future, are more various and specific than previously, because the sport industry has changed due to commercialization, internationalization and digitalization. The various sectors have different needs. For the sport clubs the most preferred competences are financial management, leading volunteers, event management and political knowledge. For the sport organizations digital communication, organizational knowledge, political knowledge, leadership skill and financial management top the list. The public sector demands networking, applying knowledge in practice, political knowledge, cooperation across different sectors and teamwork, organizational skills and oral communication. The private sector asks for digital marketing and communication, B2B, networking, capacityto learn and strategic planning and development. Already for the academic year, 2019-2020 changes have been done. A course in "Sportand media" has been included for all sport management students at bachelor level. The head of sport management will recommend that this course will include digital media, social media and digital content. A comprehensive sport-marketing seminar is includedat master level and more courses are planned to be taught online from 2020.
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| 32. |
-
Stakeholder analysis and sport organisations
- 2022. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book provides a critical examination of the origins and development of stakeholder theory within sport management research and expands the existing literature by providing insights on stakeholding in sport from various perspectives, such as governance, communication and marketing.Examining cases from around the world and from a wide range of different sporting contexts, each chapter reflects on key insights derived from stakeholder theory before offering an analysis of the limitations of the theory and the ways in which it might be fruitfully extended or developed. It offers suggestions on how the literature on stakeholding in sport can be advanced in order to provide knowledge relevant not only to sport studies but also to organisation theory more broadly and points to future avenues of inquiry in order to extend the reach of stakeholder theory and other inter-organisational perspectives in sport management research.Stakeholder Analysis and Sport Organisations is fascinating reading for any advanced student, researcher, policy-maker or practitioner with an interest in sport management, sport governance, sport development or organisational theory.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Stenling, Cecilia, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Gate-keeping nonprofit governance : evaluative criteria and their rankings in nomination committee selection processes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research handbook on nonprofit governance. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781788114905 - 9781788114912 ; , s. 279-293
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores Swedish national sport federation nomination committees’ use of evaluative criteria in board composition processes. As such, the chapter responds to more general calls for a broadened consideration of relevant governance actors and to appeals for attention to governance processes in member-based federations. We demonstrate the breadth of criteria at play in the processes of nomination of board members and the ways in which these are traded-off against each other to form value-based hierarchies. Based on the empirical analysis reported in the chapter, we discuss key characteristics of nomination committees’ work and propose a research agenda for this crucial but neglected governance function in nonprofit organizations.
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| 36. |
- Stenling, Cecilia, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Hierarchies of criteria in NSO board-nomination processes : insights from nomination committees' work
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Sport Management Quarterly. - : Routledge. - 1618-4742 .- 1746-031X. ; 20:5, s. 636-654
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research question: The purpose of this paper is to create knowledge on board-selection processes and their outcomes in terms of board composition. We address two research questions: (1) What evaluative criteria are at play in board-selection processes; and (2) what hierarchies of criteria are formed when evaluative criteria are ranked? The significance of the study lies in contemporary considerations of good governance, in sport members’ (un)equal access to positions of power, and in how issues of representation relate to the legitimacy of sport governance systems and to broader societal patterns of representation, influence, and democracy.Research methods: Nomination committees are increasingly used worldwide to further good governance in sport organizations. Our analysis builds on interviews with representatives of 61 out of 71 Swedish national sport organizations’ nomination committees.Results and Findings: Our study shows that trade-offs are made not between gender and merit, as previously suggested, but between and among a wide variety of representation criteria and a wide variety of efficiency criteria. We show how tensions between criteria result in trade-offs that imply a ranking of criteria into seven types of hierarchies, only one of which prioritizes a representation-based board composition.Implications: Because rankings of multiple evaluative criteria impact any single criterion of interest (e.g. gender), future studies should take into account the range of evaluative criteria at play. For sport management and policy practitioners alike, we provide a tool to understand and address (in)adequate representation but also an imperative to consider the meaning of adequate representation.
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| 37. |
- Stenling, Cecilia, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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The gatekeepers of sport governance : nomination committees' shaping potential in national sport organizations' board composition processes
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Sport Management Quarterly. - : Routledge. - 1618-4742 .- 1746-031X. ; 23:2, s. 586-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research Question: The purpose of this paper is to construct knowledge on the working processes of nomination committees (NCs) in sport and analyze their potential to shape board composition. The significance of such an effort lies in its potential to shed light on the processes preceding the structures and practices created for the wielding of power in sport organizations.Research Methods: This paper reports findings based on telephone interviews with NCs of 64 Swedish national sport organizations.Results and Findings: The analyses show how NC processes may be distinguished into six components: election of the NC at the general assembly (GA), monitoring of the incumbent board, preparation for nominee identification, assembly of a list of potential nominees, evaluation of potential nominees, and submission of proposed nominees to the GA. Within and across these components, the analyses reveal three aspects particularly powerful in their potential to shape board composition: degree of formalization, network reliance, and transparency.Implications: These findings have implications for research and practice. Regarding the former, the study provides a baseline description that can be used in future explorations of the NC process and its determinants and effects in varying contexts. As for the latter, the findings suggest that sport organizations carry an untapped potential in considering NCs’ shaping potential, regardless of whether an ‘adequate’ board is one that is equipped to improve organizational efficiency or one that safeguards representation and democracy.
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| 38. |
- Stenling, Cecilia, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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The meaning of democracy in an era of good governance : Views of representation and their implications for board composition
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Review for the Sociology of Sport. - : Sage Publications. - 1012-6902 .- 1461-7218. ; 58:1, s. 108-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary sport governance contexts are marked by a trend towards efficiency-based board composition and an increasing use of instruments aimed to (re)shape boards. Yet, democratic governance is integral to many countries' sport systems, and research tells us that representation still matters in sport governance. Considering this, the aim with this paper is to provide researchers and practitioners with a vocabulary to understand and address issues of representation in board composition. The paper builds on interviews with nomination committee representatives of 62 Swedish national sport federations (NSFs). The analysis provides insights into the meaning and implications of four distinct views of representation, along with an interpretation of potential responses to board-shaping instruments engendered by these views.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Strittmatter, Anna-Maria, 1988-
(författare)
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A neo-institutionalist analysis of sport event leveraging strategies and tactics
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1475-8962 .- 1740-2808. ; 17:4/5/6, s. 261-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides a conceptual framework for understanding how leveraging tactics are developed by implementing agents and organisations responsible for a certain outcome for sport events. The framework, built on neo-institutional theory and implementation literature, was applied by examining youth sport policy (YSP) implementation and outcomes by leveraging the 2016 Lillehammer Winter Youth Olympic Games with the formulated objective to increase the engagement of young people in Norwegian organised sport. Planning and perceptions of the leveraging process were explored through 33 semi-structured interviews with policy formulators, implementing agents, and the policy target group. Technical details of implementation proved to be more time-consuming and difficult than the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports (NIF) and its partner organisations assumed. While the successful staging of the event itself was given priority, none of the stakeholder organisations involved in the YSP implementation prioritised its leverage. Opportunities for innovation on the street-level by the policy network were missed resulting in the reproduction of existing practices within the Norwegian sports structure.
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| 43. |
- Strittmatter, Anna-Maria, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Boosting youth sport? Implementation of Norwegian youth sport policy through the 2016 Lillehammer Winter Youth Olympic Games
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - Abingdon, Oxfordshire : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 20:1, s. 144-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neo-institutional concepts of organizational change and organizational reproduction combined with implementation theory are employed to examine the implementation of the Norwegian youth sport policy (YSP) associated with the Youth Olympic Games. The YSP also called ‘youth campaign’, aims at increasing the number of young leaders, young coaches and young athletes. Data were generated from semi-structured interviews and observations and show that implementation is characterized by revitalization of existing practices within the Norwegian sports system through translation and bricolage and innovative entrepreneurship. Our data indicate that the focus of the implementation was on the recruitment and education of young leaders. The development of young coaches and the recruitment and retention of young athletes are neglected. The non-involvement of national sport federations and sports clubs as well as the complexity of administrative layers are causes for the lack of effective implementation. In sum, a lasting impact on the Norwegian youth sport development is doubtful.
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| 44. |
- Strittmatter, Anna-Maria, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Coaching Children and Youth Sport Policy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Routledge Handbook of Coaching Children in Sport. - New York : Taylor & Francis Group. - 9781003199359 ; , s. 395-404
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter presents a review of published research on youth sport policy, focusing specifically on the representation of coaches in this literature and the policies that are examined. Comprehensive searching of relevant academic journals identified a total of 81 articles on the formation and content of youth sport policies that had been published across a 20-year period. While 41 of these articles included some mention of coaches or coaching, there have been very few studies that focus to any great extent on the role or representation of coaches in youth sport policy making. Similarly, a more in-depth review of research on youth sport policies across four areas – school sport and physical activity, community-based participation, welfare, and elite sport and events – gives almost no indication of coaches having an active role in the development of national policies. Where coaches are highlighted as a focus within youth sport policies, this tends to be in terms of increasing professionalisation and regulation especially in relation to child protection and safeguarding. The chapter concludes by highlighting some concerns with regard to these policy trends, and also identifies the need for further research specifically on the role and engagement of coaches in implementation of youth sport policies.
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| 45. |
- Strittmatter, Anna-Maria, 1988-
(författare)
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Defining a problem to fit the solution : A neo-institutional explanation for legitimising the bid for the 2016 Lillehammer winter Youth Olympic Games
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. - : Routledge. - 1940-6940 .- 1940-6959. ; 8:3, s. 421-437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the successful bid for the 2016 Lillehammer winter Youth Olympic Games (YOG) and its incorporation within the broader youth sport strategy within organised sport in Norway. Although it is widely accepted that the argument that major sports events are a solution to problems of low levels of involvement in sport is not generally supported by evidence Norwegian sport organisations used this argument as a primary justification for hosting the YOG. The aim of the research is to investigate: a) why NIF used this argument even though there was so little evidence to support its validity; and b) how and why this seemingly contradictory argument was successfully ‘sold’ to the public. The research was guided by the methodological approach of discourse analysis and the theoretical framework of the neo-institutionalist concept of legitimacy. Based on this analysis I show how the institutionalised rhetoric of the Norwegian youth sport policy (YSP) adopted by the Norwegian Olympic Committee and Confederation of Sports (NIF) became the main argument for the YOG bid. Further findings show that rather than responding to the youth sport participation problem, NIF used the development of youth sport as a convenient rationale to bid for the YOG in order to secure legitimacy from two of its main stakeholders – the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Norwegian government. Rather than hosting the YOG as solution to a youth sport participation problem, NIF used the institutionalised rhetoric of the YSP, defining a problem to fit the solution.
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| 47. |
- Strittmatter, Anna-Maria, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Dual governance structures in action sports : institutionalization processes of professional snowboarding revisited
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 22:10, s. 1655-1673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the current governance structures in international competitive snowboarding and analyses empirically how key actors operate within the diverging logics that shape such structures. We expand upon the existing literature on professional snowboarding by offering a more contemporary understanding of the constantly evolving processes of institutionalization. Qualitative data was gathered from the authors’ first-hand experiences with international snowboarding, based on (1) interviews with system insiders, (2) document analysis, and (3) participant observations. Two dominant and contradicting logics of competitive snowboarding were identified, forming a fragmented, dual institutional structure that we call the industry-based and nation-based governance model. Our findings suggest that recent professionalization processes have led to defragmentation efforts, thus signalling a shift towards a nation-based governance focus. Therefore, we conclude that other action sports that will join the Olympics, such as surfing and skateboarding, are advised to find solutions for mediating inherent contradictions of governance logics to avoid institutional fragmentation at an early stage.
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| 48. |
- Strittmatter, Anna-Maria, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitating Sustainable Outcomes for the Organization of Youth Sports through Youth Engagement
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - Basel : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore how a youth sport development programme in connection with a major event may facilitate sustainable outcomes for the organization of youth sports in Norway. The context of the study involved the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports’ initiative to increase young people’s engagement within Norwegian organized sports. The result of the initiative was the Young Leaders Programme (YLP) in connection with the 2016 Lillehammer Youth Olympic Games. Young people’s perceptions of the YLP, as well as how these perceptions relate to its implementation, are evaluated to determine the extent to which the programme may make a difference to sustainable youth engagement in organized sports. Qualitative data were generated through interviews with 16 YLP participants, aged 16–20, and five implementing agents. Applying the framework of processes affecting sustainability, the study shows how certain forms of sustainability can be enhanced while constraining other forms at the same time. The findings highlight that project design and implementation play a more crucial role in creating organizational sustainability than in creating individual sustainability. Furthermore, we were able to reveal that the engagement of young people in sport events as volunteers fosters individual sustainability, of which sport organizations and sporting communities should take advantage by providing arenas where young people can re-engage in sport organizations and thus contribute as change agents to a sustainable organization for youth sports.
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