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- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Gramignoli, R, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical hepatocyte transplantation: practical limits and possible solutions
- 2015
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Ingår i: European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9921. ; 54:3-4, s. 162-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the first human hepatocyte transplants (HTx) in 1992, clinical studies have clearly established proof of principle for this therapy as a treatment for patients with acquired or inherited liver disease. Although major accomplishments have been made, there are still some specific limitations to this technology, which, if overcome, could greatly enhance the efficacy and implementation of this therapy. Here, we describe what in our view are the most significant obstacles to the clinical application of HTx and review the solutions currently proposed. The obstacles of significance include the limited number and quality of liver tissues as a cell source, the lack of clinical grade reagents, quality control evaluation of hepatocytes prior to transplantation, hypothermic storage of cells prior to transplantation, preconditioning treatments to enhance engraftment and proliferation of donor cells, tracking or monitoring cells after transplantation, and the optimal immunosuppression protocols for transplant recipients.
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- Gramignoli, R, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines on Hepatic Metabolism in Primary Human Hepatocytes
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of molecular sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 23:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three decades of hepatocyte transplantation have confirmed such a cell-based approach as an adjunct or alternative treatment to solid organ transplantation. Donor cell survival and engraftment were indirectly measured by hepatospecific secretive or released metabolites, such as ammonia metabolism in urea cycle defects. In cases of sepsis or viral infection, ammonia levels can significantly and abruptly increase in these recipients, erroneously implying rejection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with viral or bacterial infections are known to affect many liver functions, including drug-metabolizing enzymes and hepatic transport activities. We examined the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary human hepatocytes, isolated from both normal donors or patients with metabolic liver diseases. Different measures of hepatocyte functions, including ammonia metabolism and phase 1–3 metabolism, were performed. All the hepatic functions were profoundly and significantly suppressed after exposure to concentrations of from 0.1 to 10 ng/mL of different inflammatory cytokines, alone and in combination. Our data indicate that, like phase I metabolism, suppression of phase II/III and ammonia metabolism occurs in hepatocytes exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines in the absence of cell death. Such inflammatory events do not necessarily indicate a rejection response or loss of the cell graft, and these systemic inflammatory signals should be carefully considered when the immunosuppressant regiment is reduced or relieved in a hepatocyte transplantation recipient in response to such alleged rejection.
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