| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Hu, Ji-Chong, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation behavior of Ni-based superalloy GH4738 under tensile stress
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Rare Metals. - : NONFERROUS METALS SOC CHINA. - 1001-0521 .- 1867-7185.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Revealing the oxidation behavior of superalloys is crucial for optimizing material properties and extending service life. This study investigated the oxidation behavior of superalloy GH4738 under stress states at 850 degrees C. High-throughput specimens were fabricated to withstand different stresses at the same time. Isothermal oxidation samples were analyzed using the mass gain method to obtain oxidation kinetic curves. The results show that the external stress below 200 MPa could improve the oxidation resistance of the GH4738. With tensile stress increasing, the oxide layer becomes thinner, denser and more complete, while internal oxidation decreases. The tensile stress alters the structure of the external oxide layer from a two-layer to a three-layer configuration. The Cr2O3 oxide layer inhibits the outward diffusion of Ti, leading to Ti enrichment at the oxide-matrix interface and altering the oxidation mechanism of GH4738.
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| 4. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
-
The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 5. |
-
- 2019
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Sun, M. D., et al.
(författare)
-
New short-lived isotope 223Np and the absence of the Z = 92 subshell closure near N = 126
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 771, s. 303-308
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The N=130 short-lived isotope 223Np was produced as evaporation residue (ER) in the fusion reaction 40Ar + 187Re at the gas-filled recoil separator Spectrometer for Heavy Atom and Nuclear Structure (SHANS). It was identified through temporal and spatial correlations with α decays of 215Ac and/or 211Fr, the third and fourth members of the α-decay chain starting from 223Np. The pileup signals of ER(223Np)–α(223Np)–α(219Pa) were resolved by using the digital pulse processing technique. An α decay with half-life of T1/2=2.15(52100) μs and energy of Eα=9477(44) keV was attributed to 223Np. Spin and parity of 9/2− were tentatively proposed for the ground state of 223Np by combining the reduced α-decay width and large-scale shell-model calculations. This assignment together with the proton separation energy disprove the existence of a Z=92 subshell closure.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bard-Chapeau, Emilie A, et al.
(författare)
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Transposon mutagenesis identifies genes driving hepatocellular carcinoma in a chronic hepatitis B mouse model.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most common risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). To better understand the evolutionary forces driving HCC, we performed a near-saturating transposon mutagenesis screen in a mouse HBV model of HCC. This screen identified 21 candidate early stage drivers and a very large number (2,860) of candidate later stage drivers that were enriched for genes that are mutated, deregulated or functioning in signaling pathways important for human HCC, with a striking 1,199 genes being linked to cellular metabolic processes. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic landscape of HCC.
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| 10. |
- Bonzom, Cyrielle, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Feruloyl esterases, effects of glycosylation on activity, stability and immobilization
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Feruloyl esterases (FAE; EC 3.1.1.73) are a subclass of carboxylic ester hydrolases. They catalyze the hydrolysis of ester linkages in plant cell walls materials releasing ferulic acid and other hydroxycinnamic acids and therefore have been classified in the CAZy database [1] in the carbohydrate esterase (CE) family. Currently, all FAEs in the CAZY database belong to the CE1 family. Immobilization is a powerful tool to allow enzyme reuse and therefore decrease their cost in the overall process. Immobilization on solid carriers can be achieved by different approaches, one of them is by physical adsorption. This technique relies mainly on the surface charges of the support and enzyme. Mesoporous silica particles (MPS) are porous supports made of silica which pore size can be tuned from 2 to 50 nm depending on the synthesis conditions [2]. Because they are negatively charged, silica particles allow for rapid enzyme immobilization by physical adsorption. Furthermore, the diameter of their pore size can be tuned to match the one of the enzyme used and greatly reduces leaching after immobilization.Depending on the production host of the enzyme, the glycosylation extent and/or pattern can vary from none in Escherichia coli to hyper-glycosylation in Pichia pastoris. Glycosylation has been shown to alter activity and stability of enzymes [3]. Our hypothesis was that glycosylation would influence the immobilization behavior of the studied FAE in MPS as well as its activity.In this study, the same enzyme MtFae1a from the fungus Myceliophtora thermophila has been expressed in three different host organisms: E. coli, M. thermophila and P. pastoris to achieve different degrees of glycosylation. The proteins were then purified and biochemically characterized. Different behaviors were observed depending on the production host of the enzymes, for instance in terms of specific activity and temperature optima. Furthermore, glycosylation affected the immobilization capacity of the enzymes on MPS, as well as the activity of immobilized FAEs.[1]B.L. Cantarel, P.M. Coutinho, C. Rancurel, T. Bernard, V. Lombard, B. Henrissat, The Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes database (CAZy): an expert resource for Glycogenomics, Nucleic Acids Res. 37 (2009) D233–238. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn663.[2]D. Zhao, J. Feng, Q. Huo, N. Melosh, G.H. Fredrickson, B.F. Chmelka, G.D. Stucky, Triblock Copolymer Syntheses of Mesoporous Silica with Periodic 50 to 300 Angstrom Pores, Science. 279 (1998) 548–552. doi:10.1126/science.279.5350.548.[3]A. Basso, P. Braiuca, S. Cantone, C. Ebert, P. Linda, P. Spizzo, P. Caimi, U. Hanefeld, G. Degrassi, L. Gardossi, In Silico Analysis of Enzyme Surface and Glycosylation Effect as a Tool for Efficient Covalent Immobilisation of CalB and PGA on Sepabeads®, Adv. Synth. Catal. 349 (2007) 877–886. doi:10.1002/adsc.200600337.
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| 11. |
- Bonzom, Cyrielle, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Glycosylation influences activity, stability and immobilization of the feruloyl esterase 1a from Myceliophthora thermophila
- 2019
-
Ingår i: AMB Express. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2191-0855. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterologous protein production is widely used in industrial biotechnology. However, using non-native production hosts can lead to enzymes with altered post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation. We have investigated how production in a non-native host affects the physicochemical properties and enzymatic activity of a feruloyl esterase from Myceliophthora thermophila, MtFae1a. The enzyme was produced in two microorganisms that introduce glycosylation (M. thermophila and Pichia pastoris) and in Escherichia coli (non-glycosylated). Mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the presence of glycosylation and revealed differences in the lengths of glycan chains between the enzymes produced in M. thermophila and P. pastoris. The melting temperature and the optimal temperature for activity of the non-glycosylated enzyme were considerably lower than those of the glycosylated enzymes. The three MtFae1a versions also exhibited differences in specific activity and specificity. The catalytic efficiency of the glycosylated enzymes were more than 10 times higher than that of the non-glycosylated one. In biotechnology, immobilization is often used to allow reusing enzyme and was investigated on mesoporous silica particles. We found the binding kinetics and immobilization yield differed between the enzyme versions. The largest differences were observed when comparing enzymes with and without glycosylation, but significant variations were also observed between the two differently glycosylated enzymes. We conclude that the biotechnological value of an enzyme can be optimized for a specific application by carefully selecting the production host.
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| 12. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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| 13. |
- Cheng, Huailei, et al.
(författare)
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Truck platooning reshapes greenhouse gas emissions of the integrated vehicle-road infrastructure system
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing greenhouse gas emissions has turned into a pillar of climate change mitigation. Truck platooning is proposed as a strategy to lower emissions from vehicles on roads. However, the potential interactive impacts of this technology on road infrastructure emissions remain unclear. Here, we evaluate the decarbonization effects of truck platooning on the integrated vehicle-road system at a large-scale road network level, spanning 1457 road sections across North America. We show that truck platooning decreases emissions induced by truck operations, but it degrades faster the durability of road infrastructure and leads to a 27.9% rise in road emissions due to more frequent maintenance work. Overall, truck platooning results in a 5.1% emission reduction of the integrated vehicle-road system. In contrast to the benefits of emission reduction, truck platooning leads to additional financial burdens on car users and transportation agencies, calling for the consideration of tradeoffs between emissions and costs and between agencies and users. Our research provides insights into the potential applications of truck platooning to mitigate climate change.
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| 14. |
- Chong, Sun-Li, et al.
(författare)
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Active fungal GH115 alpha-glucuronidase produced in Arabidopsis thaliana affects only the UX1-reactive glucuronate decorations on native glucuronoxylans
- 2015
-
Ingår i: BMC Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6750. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Expressing microbial polysaccharide-modifying enzymes in plants is an attractive approach to custom tailor plant lignocellulose and to study the importance of wall structures to plant development. Expression of alpha-glucuronidases in plants to modify the structures of glucuronoxylans has not been yet attempted. Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 115 alpha-glucuronidases cleave the internal alpha-D-(4-O-methyl)glucopyranosyluronic acid ((Me)GlcA) from xylans or xylooligosaccharides. In this work, a GH115 alpha-glucuronidase from Schizophyllum commune, ScAGU115, was expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and targeted to apoplast. The transgene effects on native xylans' structures, plant development, and lignocellulose saccharification were evaluated and compared to those of knocked out glucuronyltransferases AtGUX1 and AtGUX2.Results: The ScAGU115 extracted from cell walls of Arabidopsis was active on the internally substituted aldopentaouronic acid (XUXX). The transgenic plants did not show any change in growth or in lignocellulose saccharification. The cell wall (Me)GlcA and other non-cellulosic sugars, as well as the lignin content, remained unchanged. In contrast, the gux1gux2 double mutant showed a 70% decrease in (Me)GlcA to xylose molar ratio, and, interestingly, a 60% increase in the xylose content. Whereas ScAGU115-expressing plants exhibited a decreased signal in native secondary walls from the monoclonal antibody UX1 that recognizes (Me)GlcA on non-acetylated xylan, the signal was not affected after wall deacetylation. In contrast, gux1gux2 mutant was lacking UX1 signals in both native and deacetylated cell walls. This indicates that acetyl substitution on the xylopyranosyl residue carrying (Me)GlcA or on the neighboring xylopyranosyl residues may restrict post-synthetic modification of xylans by ScAGU115 in planta.Conclusions: Active GH115 alpha-glucuronidase has been produced for the first time in plants. The cell wall-targeted ScAGU115 was shown to affect those glucuronate substitutions of xylan, which are accessible to UX1 antibody and constitute a small fraction in Arabidopsis, whereas majority of (Me)GlcA substitutions were resistant, most likely due to the shielding by acetyl groups. Plants expressing ScAGU115 did not show any defects under laboratory conditions indicating that the UX1 epitope of xylan is not essential under these conditions. Moreover the removal of the UX1 xylan epitope does not affect lignocellulose saccharification.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Chong, Sun-Li, et al.
(författare)
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Glucuronic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana xylans carries a novel pentose substituent
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 79, s. 807-812
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glucuronic acids in Arabidopsis thaliana xylans exist in 4-O-methylated (MeGlcA) and non-methylated (GlcA) forms at a ratio of about 3:2. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of the endoxylanase liberated acidic oligosaccharides from the Arabidopsis inflorescence stem showed that two peaks with GlcA (GlcA-Xyl(4)Ac(1) and GlcA-Xyl(5)Ac(2)) had abnormally high intensities, as well as different tandem mass spectra, than their 4-O-methylated counterparts. These peaks were interestingly enriched in the xylan biosynthesis mutant irx7 and irx9-1. Multi-stages fragmentation analysis using negative ion electrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry indicated that this GlcA was further carrying a pentose residue in the glucuronoxylan-derived oligosaccharide from irx9-1. The structure was also identified in Arabidopsis wild type. The results prove evidence of a new pentose substitution on the GlcA residue of Arabidopsis GX, which is likely present in the primary walls. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Chong, Sun-Li, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Immobilization of bacterial feruloyl esterase on mesoporous silica particles and enhancement of synthetic activity by hydrophobic-modified surface
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 293
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we demonstrated the immobilization of bacterial feruloyl esterase (FAE) from Butyrivibrio sp. XPD2006, Lactobacillus crispatus, Butyrivibrio sp. AE2015, Ruminococcus albus, Cellulosilyticum ruminicola and Clostridium cellulovorans on SBA-15 and their ability to synthesize butyl ferulate (BFA). The BFae2 from Butyrivibrio sp. XPD2006 showed the best catalytic efficiency. High BFA yield was produced when the immobilization of BFae2 took place with a high protein loading and narrow pore sized SBA-15, suggesting alteration of enzyme behavior due to the crowding environment in SBA-15. Grafting of SBA-15 with octyl moieties led to shrinking pore size and resulted in 2.5-fold increment of BFA activity compared to the free enzyme and 70%mol BFA was achieved. The BFae2 encapsulated in hydrophobic-modified SBA-15 endured up to seven reaction cycles while the BFA activity remained above 60%. This is the first report showing the superior performance of hydrophobic-modified surface to entrap FAE to produce fatty phenolic esters.
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| 18. |
- Jiao, L. F., et al.
(författare)
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Correlated-basis method for shell-model calculations
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 90:2, s. 024306-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a basis selection method for truncated shell-model calculations. In this method, the correlated basis is constructed with the eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian that is diagonalized in each partition of the shell model. A truncation scheme is established by naturally taking the low-lying correlated-basis vectors in different partitions, which is equivalent to the jj-coupling scheme of the shell model when all the correlated-basis vectors are considered. The results are compared with standard shell-model calculations. The convergence properties of the correlated-basis method are discussed.
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| 19. |
- Kaminsky, Zachary A., et al.
(författare)
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DNA methylation profiles in monozygotic and dizygotic twins
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 41:2, s. 240-245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twin studies have provided the basis for genetic and epidemiological studies in human complex traits. As epigenetic factors can contribute to phenotypic outcomes, we conducted a DNA methylation analysis in white blood cells (WBC), buccal epithelial cells and gut biopsies of 114 monozygotic (MZ) twins as well as WBC and buccal epithelial cells of 80 dizygotic (DZ) twins using 12K CpG island microarrays. Here we provide the first annotation of epigenetic metastability of approximately 6,000 unique genomic regions in MZ twins. An intraclass correlation (ICC)-based comparison of matched MZ and DZ twins showed significantly higher epigenetic difference in buccal cells of DZ co-twins (P = 1.2 x 10(-294)). Although such higher epigenetic discordance in DZ twins can result from DNA sequence differences, our in silico SNP analyses and animal studies favor the hypothesis that it is due to epigenomic differences in the zygotes, suggesting that molecular mechanisms of heritability may not be limited to DNA sequence differences.
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| 20. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2016 Challenge Results
- 2016
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Ingår i: COMPUTER VISION - ECCV 2016 WORKSHOPS, PT II. - Cham : SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG. - 9783319488813 - 9783319488806 ; , s. 777-823
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2016 aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 70 trackers are presented, with a large number of trackers being published at major computer vision conferences and journals in the recent years. The number of tested state-of-the-art trackers makes the VOT 2016 the largest and most challenging benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the Appendix. The VOT2016 goes beyond its predecessors by (i) introducing a new semi-automatic ground truth bounding box annotation methodology and (ii) extending the evaluation system with the no-reset experiment.
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| 21. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2017 challenge results
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2017). - : IEEE. - 9781538610343 ; , s. 1949-1972
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2017 is the fifth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 51 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art published at major computer vision conferences or journals in recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies and a new "real-time" experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The VOT2017 goes beyond its predecessors by (i) improving the VOT public dataset and introducing a separate VOT2017 sequestered dataset, (ii) introducing a realtime tracking experiment and (iii) releasing a redesigned toolkit that supports complex experiments. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 22. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
-
The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 23. |
- Li, Jiujuan, et al.
(författare)
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Polymer-based Cu/Ag composite as seed layer on insulating substrate for copper addition of multi-dimensional conductive patterns
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-1070. ; 123, s. 254-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conductive polymer direct electroplating technology is one of the research hotspots in printed circuit board manufacturing. In this work, we designed a simple, efficient and environmental friendly chemical polymerization method to form a conductive polymer-based metal-mixed composite film where the polymer was polythiophene and the metals included copper and silver (PT-based Cu/Ag composite film). The work function of the PT-based Cu/Ag composite film decreased from 4.822 eV of pure PT to 4.638 eV, which serves as a seed layer to prepare conductive circuits by the additive process. The method without the metal etching and photolithography steps solves the problems of conventional subtractive processes for forming conductive patterns. Besides, the PT-based Cu/Ag composite film is able to increase the roughness of the substrate to improve the bonding force between the electroplated copper layer and the substrate. Moreover, due to the particularity of oxidation solution for preparing the PT-based Cu/Ag composite film, conductive lines and patterns can be selectively formed on insulating substrate with arbitrary shapes by the additive process.
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| 24. |
- Liu, J. J., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of a Strongly Isospin-Mixed Doublet in Si-26 via beta-Delayed Two-Proton Decay of P-26
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 129:24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- beta decay of proton-rich nuclei plays an important role in exploring isospin mixing. The beta decay of P-26 at the proton drip line is studied using double-sided silicon strip detectors operating in conjunction with high-purity germanium detectors. The T = 2 isobaric analog state (IAS) at 13 055 keV and two new high-lying states at 13 380 and 11 912 keV in Si-26 are unambiguously identified through beta-delayed two-proton emission (beta 2p). Angular correlations of two protons emitted from Si-26 excited states populated by P-26 beta decay are measured, which suggests that the two protons are emitted mainly sequentially. We report the first observation of a strongly isospin-mixed doublet that deexcites mainly via two-proton decay. The isospin mixing matrix element between the Si-26 IAS and the nearby 13 380-keV state is determined to be 130(21) keV, and this result represents the strongest mixing, highest excitation energy, and largest level spacing of a doublet ever observed in beta-decay experiments.
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| 25. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
-
Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 26. |
- Mai-Gisondi, Galina, et al.
(författare)
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Functional comparison of versatile carbohydrate esterases from families CE1, CE6 and CE16 on acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan and acetyl-galactoglucomannan
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8006 .- 0304-4165. ; 1861:9, s. 2398-2405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The backbone structure of many hemicelluloses is acetylated, which presents a challenge when the objective is to convert corresponding polysaccharides to fermentable sugars or else recover hemicelluloses for biomaterial applications. Carbohydrate esterases (CE) can be harnessed to overcome these challenges. Methods Enzymes from different CE families, AnAcXE (CE1), OsAcXE (CE6), and MtAcE (CE16) were compared based on action and position preference towards acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan (MGX) and acetyl-galactoglucomannan (GGM). To determine corresponding positional preferences, the relative rate of acetyl group released by each enzyme was analyzed by real time 1H NMR. Results AnAcXE (CE1) showed lowest specific activity towards MGX, where OsAcXE (CE6) and MtAcE were approximately four times more active than AnAcXE (CE1). MtAcE (CE16) was further distinguished by demonstrating 100 times higher activity on GGM compared to AnAcXE (CE1) and OsAcXE (CE6), and five times higher activity on GGM than MGX. Following 24 h incubation, all enzymes removed between 78 and 93% of total acetyl content from MGX and GGM, where MtAcE performed best on both substrates. Major conclusions Considering action on MGX, all esterases showed preference for doubly substituted xylopyranosyl residues (2,3-O-acetyl-Xylp). Considering action on GGM, OsAcXE (CE6) preferentially targeted 2-O-acetyl-mannopyranosyl residues (2-O-acetyl-Manp) whereas AnAcXE (CE1) demonstrated highest activity towards 3-O-acetyl-Manp positions; regiopreference of MtAcE (CE16) on GGM was less clear. General significance The current comparative analysis identifies options to control the position of acetyl group release at initial stages of reaction, and enzyme combinations likely to accelerate deacetylation of major hemicellulose sources.
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| 27. |
- Mishra, A., et al.
(författare)
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Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 611, s. 115-123
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry(1,2). Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis(3), and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach(4), we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry(5). Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries.
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| 28. |
- Mohan Pawar, Prashant, et al.
(författare)
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Downregulation of RWA genes in hybrid aspen affects xylan acetylation and wood saccharification
- 2017
-
Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 214:4, s. 1491-1505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High acetylation of angiosperm wood hinders its conversion to sugars by glycoside hydrolases, subsequent ethanol fermentation and (hence) its use for biofuel production. We studied the REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION (RWA) gene family of the hardwood model Populus to evaluate its potential for improving saccharification. The family has two clades, AB and CD, containing two genes each. All four genes are expressed in developing wood but only RWA-A and -B are activated by master switches of the secondary cell wall PtNST1 and PtMYB21. Histochemical analysis of promoter:: GUS lines in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides) showed activation of RWA-A and -B promoters in the secondary wall formation zone, while RWA-C and -D promoter activity was diffuse. Ectopic downregulation of either clade reduced wood xylan and xyloglucan acetylation. Suppressing both clades simultaneously using the wood-specific promoter reduced wood acetylation by 25% and decreased acetylation at position 2 of Xylp in the dimethyl sulfoxide-extracted xylan. This did not affect plant growth but decreased xylose and increased glucose contents in the noncellulosic monosaccharide fraction, and increased glucose and xylose yields of wood enzymatic hydrolysis without pretreatment. Both RWA clades regulate wood xylan acetylation in aspen and are promising targets to improve wood saccharification.
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| 29. |
- Mohan Pawar, Prashant, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of fungal acetyl xylan esterase in Arabidopsis thaliana improves saccharification of stem lignocellulose
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Plant Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1467-7644 .- 1467-7652. ; 14:1, s. 387-397
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell wall hemicelluloses and pectins are O-acetylated at specific positions, but the significance of these substitutions is poorly understood. Using a transgenic approach, we investigated how reducing the extent of O-acetylation in xylan affects cell wall chemistry, plant performance and the recalcitrance of lignocellulose to saccharification. The Aspergillus niger acetyl xylan esterase AnAXE1 was expressed in Arabidopsis under the control of either the constitutively expressed 35S CAMV promoter or a woody-tissue-specific GT43B aspen promoter, and the protein was targeted to the apoplast by its native signal peptide, resulting in elevated acetyl esterase activity in soluble and wall-bound protein extracts and reduced xylan acetylation. No significant alterations in cell wall composition were observed in the transgenic lines, but their xylans were more easily digested by a beta-1,4-endoxylanase, and more readily extracted by hot water, acids or alkali. Enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose after hot water and alkali pretreatments produced up to 20% more reducing sugars in several lines. Fermentation by Trametes versicolor of tissue hydrolysates from the line with a 30% reduction in acetyl content yielded similar to 70% more ethanol compared with wild type. Plants expressing 35S: AnAXE1 and pGT43B:AnAXE1 developed normally and showed increased resistance to the biotrophic pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, probably due to constitutive activation of defence pathways. However, unintended changes in xyloglucan and pectin acetylation were only observed in 35S: AnAXE1-expressing plants. This study demonstrates that postsynthetic xylan deacetylation in woody tissues is a promising strategy for optimizing lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production.
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| 30. |
- Mohan Pawar, Prashant, et al.
(författare)
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In muro deacetylation of xylan affects lignin properties and improves saccharification of aspen wood
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834 .- 1754-6834. ; 10:1, s. Art nr 98-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lignocellulose from fast growing hardwood species is a preferred source of polysaccharides for advanced biofuels and "green" chemicals. However, the extensive acetylation of hardwood xylan hinders lignocellulose saccharification by obstructing enzymatic xylan hydrolysis and causing inhibitory acetic acid concentrations during microbial sugar fermentation. To optimize lignocellulose for cost-effective saccharification and biofuel production, an acetyl xylan esterase AnAXE1 from Aspergillus niger was introduced into aspen and targeted to cell walls. Results: AnAXE1-expressing plants exhibited reduced xylan acetylation and grew normally. Without pretreatment, their lignocellulose yielded over 25% more glucose per unit mass of wood (dry weight) than wild-type plants. Glucose yields were less improved (+7%) after acid pretreatment, which hydrolyses xylan. The results indicate that AnAXE1 expression also reduced the molecular weight of xylan, and xylan-lignin complexes and/or lignin co-extracted with xylan, increased cellulose crystallinity, altered the lignin composition, reducing its syringyl to guaiacyl ratio, and increased lignin solubility in dioxane and hot water. Lignin-associated carbohydrates became enriched in xylose residues, indicating a higher content of xylo-oligosaccharides. Conclusions: This work revealed several changes in plant cell walls caused by deacetylation of xylan. We propose that deacetylated xylan is partially hydrolyzed in the cell walls, liberating xylo-oligosaccharides and their associated lignin oligomers from the cell wall network. Deacetylating xylan thus not only increases its susceptibility to hydrolytic enzymes during saccharification but also changes the cell wall architecture, increasing the extractability of lignin and xylan and facilitating saccharification.
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| 31. |
- Nam, Youngwoo, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum Hall effect in graphene decorated with disordered multilayer patches
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 103:233, s. 233110-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum Hall effect (QHE) is observed in graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition using platinum catalyst. The QHE is even seen in samples which are irregularly decorated with disordered multilayer graphene patches and have very low mobility (
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| 32. |
- Nam, Youngwoo, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Unusual thermopower of inhomogeneous graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 104:2, s. 021902 -
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on thermopower (TEP) and resistance measurements of inhomogeneous graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Unlike the conventional resistance of pristine graphene, the gate-dependent TEP shows a large electron-hole asymmetry. This can be accounted for by inhomogeneity of the CVD-graphene where individual graphene regions contribute with different TEPs. At the high magnetic field and low temperature, the TEP has large fluctuations near the Dirac point associated with the disorder in the CVD-graphene. TEP measurements reveal additional characteristics of CVD-graphene, which are difficult to obtain from the measurement of resistance alone.
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| 33. |
- ODonnell, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Replication Report: Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 13:2, s. 268-294
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998) reported that participants primed with a category associated with intelligence (professor) subsequently performed 13% better on a trivia test than participants primed with a category associated with a lack of intelligence (soccer hooligans). In two unpublished replications of this study designed to verify the appropriate testing procedures, Dijksterhuis, van Knippenberg, and Holland observed a smaller difference between conditions (2%-3%) as well as a gender difference: Men showed the effect (9.3% and 7.6%), but women did not (0.3% and -0.3%). The procedure used in those replications served as the basis for this multilab Registered Replication Report. A total of 40 laboratories collected data for this project, and 23 of these laboratories met all inclusion criteria. Here we report the meta-analytic results for those 23 direct replications (total N = 4,493), which tested whether performance on a 30-item general-knowledge trivia task differed between these two priming conditions (results of supplementary analyses of the data from all 40 labs, N = 6,454, are also reported). We observed no overall difference in trivia performance between participants primed with the professor category and those primed with the hooligan category (0.14%) and no moderation by gender.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Pitkänen, Timo, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetry in the Earth's magnetotail neutral sheet rotation due to IMF B-y sign?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geoscience Letters. - : Springer Nature. - 2196-4092. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence suggests that a non-zero dawn-dusk interplanetary magnetic field (IMF B-y) can cause a rotation of the cross-tail current sheet/neutral sheet around its axis aligned with the Sun-Earth line in Earth's magnetotail. We use Geotail, THEMIS and Cluster data to statistically investigate how the rotation of the neutral sheet depends on the sign and magnitude of IMF B-y. In our dataset, we find that in the tail range of -30 < XGSM < -15 R-E, the degree of the neutral sheet rotation is clearly smaller, there appears no significant rotation or even, the rotation is clearly to an unexpected direction for negative IMF B-y, compared to positive IMF B-y. Comparison to a model by Tsyganenko et al. (2015, doi:10.5194/angeo-33-1-2015) suggests that this asymmetry in the neutral sheet rotation between positive and negative IMF B-y conditions is too large to be explained only by the currently known factors. The possible cause of the asymmetry remains unclear.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 38. |
- Sigmundsson, Kristmundur, et al.
(författare)
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Culturing functional pancreatic islets on α5-laminins and curative transplantation to diabetic mice.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Matrix Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0945-053X .- 1569-1802. ; 70, s. 5-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficacy of islet transplantation for diabetes treatment suffers from lack of cadaver-derived islets, islet necrosis and long transfer times prior to transplantation. Here, we developed a method for culturing mouse and human islets in vitro on α5-laminins, which are natural components of islet basement membranes. Adhering islets spread to form layers of 1-3 cells in thickness and remained normoxic and functional for at least 7 days in culture. In contrast, spherical islets kept in suspension developed hypoxia and central necrosis within 16 h. Transplantation of 110-150 mouse islets cultured on α5-laminin-coated polydimethylsiloxane membranes for 3-7 days normalized blood glucose already within 3 days in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. RNA-sequencing of isolated and cultured mouse islets provided further evidence for the adhesion and spreading achieved with α5-laminin. Our results suggest that use of such in vitro expanded islets may significantly enhance the efficacy of islet transplantation treatment for diabetes.
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| 39. |
- Sun, Jingwu, et al.
(författare)
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From electronic structure to combustion model application for acrolein chemistry Part Ⅱ : Acrolein + HȮ2 reactions and the development of acrolein sub-mechanism
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180. ; 251
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acrolein, as one of the most hazardous aldehydes, can be formed among the carbonyls from the combustion of bio-fuels or mixtures of bio- and conventional fuels. Moreover, acrolein is also an important combustion intermediate in the oxidations of higher unsaturated hydrocarbons. A deep understanding of acrolein combustion chemistry will be useful for the kinetic modeling of higher hydrocarbons and ultimately practical fuels, with the acrolein reaction subset expected to be an important building block. In this work, the reaction system of acrolein + HȮ2, which is critical in controlling the reactivity of acrolein at low to intermediate temperatures (800–1000 K), was theoretically studied. Subsequently, by lumping the data calculated in this study, its companion work on the reaction system of acrolein + Ḣ in Part Ⅰ, other related high precision theoretical calculation studies and the relevant data estimated in the trusted models, a detailed chemical kinetic sub-mechanism has been developed to describe the directly related combustion reactions of acrolein. The kinetic, thermodynamic and transport data in the acrolein sub-mechanism were used to update and develop the base mechanism, AramcoMech 3.0. The updated model was then validated against ignition delay times (IDT) of acrolein measured in shock tube by Chatelain et al. [Fuel 135 (2014) 498], burning velocity of acrolein measured by Gibbs and Calcote [J. Chem. Engineer. Data 4 (1959) 226], species profiles from jet-stirred reactor for propene oxidation presented by Burke et al. [Combustion and Flame 161 (2014) 2765].
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| 40. |
- Sun, Jingwu, et al.
(författare)
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From electronic structure to combustion model application for acrolein chemistry part I : Acrolein + H reactions and related chemistry
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180. ; 240
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detailed reaction kinetics of acrolein + H and related chemistry and its influence on the ignition delay time prediction of acrolein has been studied theoretically in this work. The geometry optimization and vibrational frequency calculations for every stationary point were performed at the BH&HLYP/6–311++G(d,p) level of theory, with one-dimensional hindered rotation treatments applied for low-frequency torsional modes determined by using BH&HLYP/6–31G(d). Electronic energies for all species were calculated at the ROCCSD(T)/cc-pVQ,TZ levels of theory. The kinetics and thermochemistry data were calculated and compared with existing literature results, where good agreement was observed. The branching ratios of the crucial products vary in the pressure range of 0.01–100 atm and temperatures from 298 to 2000 K. Taking 1 atm as an example, at temperatures above 1000 K, the main addition reaction products of acrolein + H are ethylene + formyl radical, while at lower temperatures, the formation of the resonantly stabilized radical, CH3ĊHCHO, is important. The dominant H-atom abstraction reaction channel by H atom proceeds at the α carbon atom of the aldehyde group of acrolein. However, the H-atom abstraction reactions are overwhelmed by the addition reactions. Decomposition reactions of four C3H3O radicals were calculated and analysed. Temperature-dependent thermochemical properties for all species in the reaction system and the pressure-dependent rate constants for each reaction pathway were incorporated into two acrolein combustion kinetic mechanisms, as well as two widely used mechanisms, AramcoMech 3.0 and JetSurF 2.0, to test the influence of the newly calculated data on acrolein oxidation. Some critical reactions for acrolein oxidation were highlighted by performing sensitivity and flux analyses.
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| 41. |
- Sun, M. D., et al.
(författare)
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Fine structure in the alpha decay of U-223
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fine structure in the alpha decay of U-223 was observed in the fusion-evaporation reaction Re-187(Ar-40, p3n) by using fast digital pulse processing technique. Two alpha-decay branches of U-223 feeding the ground state and 244 keV excited state of Th-219 were identified by establishing the decay chain U-223 (alpha(1)) under right arrow Th-219 (alpha(2)) under right arrow Ra-215 (alpha(3)) under right arrow Rn-211. The alpha-particle energy for the ground-state to ground-state transition of U-223 was determined to be 8993(17) keV, 213 keV higher than the previous value, the half-life was updated to be 62(-10)(+14) mu s. Evolution of nuclear structure for N = 131 even-Z isotones from Po to U was discussed in the frameworks of nuclear mass and reduced alpha-decay width, a weakening octupole deformation in the ground state of U-223 relative to its lighter isotones Ra-219 and Th-221 was suggested.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Wang, F., et al.
(författare)
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Reinvestigation of the excited states in the proton emitter Lu-151 : Particle-hole excitations across the N = Z=64 subshell
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 96:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The excited states of the proton emitter Lu-151 were reinvestigated in a recoil-decay tagging experiment at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyvaskyla (JYFL). The level scheme built on the ground state of 151Lu was updated with five new y-ray transitions. Large-scale shell model calculations were carried out in the model space consisting of the neutron and proton orbitals 0g(7/2), Id(5/2), Id(3/2), 2s(1/2), and Oh(1/2) with the optimized monopole interaction in order to interpret the experimental level scheme of Lu-151. It is found that the excitation energies of states above the 27/2(-) and 23/2(+) isomeric levels in Lu-151 can be sensitive to excitations from g(7/2) and d(5/2) to single-particle orbitals above N = Z = 64.
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| 44. |
- Wang, F., et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopic factor and proton formation probability for the d3/2 proton emitter 151mLu
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 770, s. 83-87
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quenching of the experimental spectroscopic factor for proton emission from the short-lived d3/2 isomeric state in 151mLu was a long-standing problem. In the present work, proton emission from this isomer has been reinvestigated in an experiment at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. The proton-decay energy and half-life of this isomer were measured to be 1295(5) keV and 15.4(8) μs, respectively, in agreement with another recent study. These new experimental data can resolve the discrepancy in the spectroscopic factor calculated using the spherical WKB approximation. Using the R-matrix approach it is found that the proton formation probability indicates no significant hindrance for the proton decay of 151mLu.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Wang, Zhao, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid Aspen Expressing a Carbohydrate Esterase Family 5 Acetyl Xylan Esterase Under Control of a Wood-Specific Promoter Shows Improved Saccharification
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fast-growing broad-leaf tree species can serve as feedstocks for production of bio-based chemicals and fuels through biochemical conversion of wood to monosaccharides. This conversion is hampered by the xylan acetylation pattern. To reduce xylan acetylation in the wood, the Hypocrea jecorina acetyl xylan esterase (HjAXE) from carbohydrate esterase (CE) family 5 was expressed in hybrid aspen under the control of the wood-specific PtGT43B promoter and targeted to the secretory pathway. The enzyme was predicted to deacetylate polymeric xylan in the vicinity of cellulose due to the presence of a cellulose-binding module. Cell-wall-bound protein fractions from developing wood of transgenic plants were capable of releasing acetyl from finely ground wood powder, indicative of active AXE present in cell walls of these plants, whereas no such activity was detected in wild-type plants. The transgenic lines grew in height and diameter as well as wild-type trees, whereas their internodes were slightly shorter, indicating higher leaf production. The average acetyl content in the wood of these lines was reduced by 13%, mainly due to reductions in di-acetylated xylose units, and in C-2 and C-3 mono-acetylated xylose units. Analysis of soluble cell wall polysaccharides revealed a 4% reduction in the fraction of xylose units and an 18% increase in the fraction of glucose units, whereas the contents of cellulose and lignin were not affected. Enzymatic saccharification of wood from transgenic plants resulted in 27% higher glucose yield than for wild-type plants. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and Simons' staining pointed toward larger surface area and improved cellulose accessibility for wood from transgenic plants compared to wood from wild-type plants, which could be achieved by HjAXE deacetylating xylan bound to cellulose. The results show that CE5 family can serve as a source of enzymes for in planta reduction of recalcitrance to saccharification.
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| 47. |
- Wu, Lang, et al.
(författare)
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An integrative multi-omics analysis to identify candidate DNA methylation biomarkers related to prostate cancer risk.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It remains elusive whether some of the associations identified in genome-wide association studies of prostate cancer (PrCa) may be due to regulatory effects of genetic variants on CpG sites, which may further influence expression of PrCa target genes. To search for CpG sites associated with PrCa risk, here we establish genetic models to predict methylation (N = 1,595) and conduct association analyses with PrCa risk (79,194 cases and 61,112 controls). We identify 759 CpG sites showing an association, including 15 located at novel loci. Among those 759 CpG sites, methylation of 42 is associated with expression of 28 adjacent genes. Among 22 genes, 18 show an association with PrCa risk. Overall, 25 CpG sites show consistent association directions for the methylation-gene expression-PrCa pathway. We identify DNA methylation biomarkers associated with PrCa, and our findings suggest that specific CpG sites may influence PrCa via regulating expression of candidate PrCa target genes.
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| 48. |
- Yang, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Regional frequency analysis and spatio-temporal pattern characterization of rainfall extremes in the Pearl River Basin, China
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 380:3-4, s. 386-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a method for regional frequency analysis and spatio-temporal pattern characterization of rainfall-extreme regimes (i.e. extremes, durations and timings) in the Pearl River Basin (PRB) using the well-known L-moments approach together with advanced statistical tests including stationarity test and serial correlation check, which are crucial to the valid use of L-moments for frequency analysis. Results indicate that: (1) the entire Pearl River Basin (40 sites) can be categorized into six regions by cluster analysis together with consideration of the topography and spatial patterns of mean precipitation in the basin. The results of goodness-of-fit measures indicate that the GNO, GLO, GEV, and PE3 distributions fit well for most of the basin for different HOM regions, but their performances are slightly different in term of curve fitting; (2) the estimated quantiles and their biases approximated by Monte Carlo simulation demonstrate that the results are reliable enough for the return periods of less than 100 years; (3) excessive precipitation magnitude records are observed at Guilin region of Guangxi Province and Fogang region of Guangdong Province, which have sufficient climate conditions (e.g. precipitation and humidity) responsible for the frequently occurred flood disasters in the regions. In addition, the spatial variations of precipitation in different return periods (Return period = 1, 10, 50 years to 100 years) increase from the upstream to downstream at the regional scale; (4) the seasonal patterns of precipitation extremes for different topographical regions are different. The major precipitation events of AM1R, AM3R, AM5R and AM7R in regions of low-elevation in lower (south-eastern) part of the basin occur mainly in May, June, July and August, while the main precipitation periods for the mountainous region upstream are June, July and August. Further analysis of the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data indicates that the eastern Asian summer monsoon and typhoons (or hurricanes) are major metrological driving forces on the precipitation regimes. Additionally, topographical features (i.e. elevation, distance to the sea, and mountain’s influences) also exert different impacts on the spatial patterns of such regimes. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to conduct a systematic regional frequency analysis on various annual precipitation extremes (based on consecutive 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-day averages) and to establish the possible links to climate pattern and topographical features in the Pearl River Basin and even in China. These findings are expected to contribute to exploring the complex spatio-temporal patterns of extreme rainfall in this basin in order to reveal the underlying linkages between precipitation and floods from a broad geographical perspective. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 49. |
- Zhang, Yanjie, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny, evolution and mitochondrial gene order rearrangement in scale worms (Aphroditiformia, Annelida)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 125, s. 220-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become a powerful tool in phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. Here we applied NGS to recover two ribosomal RNA genes (18S and 28S) from 16 species and 15 mitochondrial genomes from 16 species of scale worms representing six families in the suborder Aphroditiformia (Phyllodocida, Annelida), a complex group of polychaetes characterized by the presence of dorsal elytra or scales. The phylogenetic relationship of the several groups of scale worms remains unresolved due to insufficient taxon sampling and low resolution of individual gene markers. Phylogenetic tree topology based on mitochondrial genomes is comparable with that based on concatenated sequences from two mitochondrial genes (cox1 and 16S) and two ribosomal genes (18S and 28S) genes, but has higher statistical support for several clades. Our analyses show that Aphroditiformia is monophyletic, indicating the presence of elytra is an apomorphic trait. Eulepethidae and Aphroditidae together form the sister group to all other families in this suborder, whereas Acoetidae is sister to Iphionidae. Polynoidae is monophyletic, but within this family the deep-sea subfamilies Branchinotogluminae and Macellicephalinae are paraphyletic. Mitochondrial genomes in most scale-worm families have a conserved gene order, but within Polynoidae there are two novel arrangement patterns in the deep-sea clade. Mitochondrial protein-coding genes in polynoids as a whole have evolved under strong purifying selection, but substitution rates in deep-sea species are much higher than those in shallow-water species, indicating that purifying selection is relaxed in deep-sea polynoids. There are positive selected amino acids for some mitochondrial genes of the deep-sea clade, indicating they may involve in the adaption of deep-sea polynoids. Overall, our study (1) provided more evidence for reconstruction of the phylogeny of Aphroditiformia, (2) provided evidence to refute the assumption that mitochondrial gene order in Errantia is conserved, and (3) indicated that the deep-sea extreme environment may have affected the mitochondrial genome evolution rate and gene order arrangement in Polynoidae.
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- Zhang, Zengxin, et al.
(författare)
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Examining the influence of river-lake interaction on the drought and water resources in the Poyang Lake basin
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 522, s. 510-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the Poyang Lake basin is in a prolonged drought which has placed immense pressure on the water resources utilization. In this paper, we explore the spatial and temporal distributions of extreme droughts in the Poyang Lake basin by using the methods of SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) and EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) for the period of 1956-2009, which are influenced by regional precipitation anomalies and river-lake interaction due to water impounding of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). The results show that: (I) the Poyang Lake basin experienced six extreme droughts during the past 60 years, which lead to decreases in streamflow from five tributary rivers down to the Poyang Lake. The droughts in the 1960s and the 2000s were the most serious ones. However, there was an increasing trend of streamflow in the upper and middle Yangtze in the 1960s, and a decreasing trend appeared in the 2000s. The decline of streamflow in the upper Yangtze reaches has lowered the water level of lower Yangtze River which has-caused more outflow from the Poyang Lake to the Yangtze River; (2) the operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has altered the seasonal pattern of flow regimes in the Poyang Lake and significantly reduced the water level in the lower Yangtze River during the TGD impounding period from late September to early November; and (3) the conjunction of extreme droughts in the Poyang lake and the upper Yangtze reaches coincided with the impounding of the TGD is the main cause of the low water level in the Poyang Lake. Although the impact of the recent droughts in the Poyang Lake and upper Yangtze reaches has played a crucial role in the low water level of Poyang lake, more attention should be paid to its sensitivity to the influence of the large dam-induced changes in the interaction between river and lake, particularly during impounding periods.
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