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1.
  • Sun, Jia-Qi, et al. (author)
  • Spatholobus suberectus Column Extract Inhibits Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer via Suppressing ER MAPK PI3K/AKT Pathway
  • 2016
  • In: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1741-427X .- 1741-4288.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Although Chinese herbal compounds have long been alternatively applied for cancer treatment in China, their treatment effects have not been sufficiently investigated. The Chinese herb Spatholobus suberectus is commonly prescribed to cancer patients. HPLC analysis has shown that the main components of Spatholobus suberectus are flavonoids that can be classified as phytoestrogens, having a structure similar to estrogen. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Spatholobus suberectus column extract (SSCE) on the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and its possible molecular mechanism. In our study, MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. The results show that SSCE (80, 160, and 320 mu g/ml) significantly decreased the viability of MCF-7 cells. SSCE also triggered apoptosis, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and inhibited cell migration. A dual-luciferase reporter system showed that SSCE suppressed intranuclear p-ER activity; Western blot analysis confirmed the repressed expression of phosphorylated-ER alpha (p-ER alpha), ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, AKT, p-AKT, p-mTOR, PI3K, and p-PI3K, indicating that SSCE suppressed the MAPK PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that SSCE causes apoptosis, an arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and a decrease in migration in ER+ MCF-7 cells via hypoactivity of the ER and suppression of the MAPK PI3K/AKT pathway.
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2.
  • Deng, Min, et al. (author)
  • Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • 2013
  • In: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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3.
  • Lu, Yingchang, et al. (author)
  • Identification of Novel Loci and New Risk Variant in Known Loci for Colorectal Cancer Risk in East Asians
  • 2020
  • In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 29:2, s. 477-486
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Risk variants identified so far for colorectal cancer explain only a small proportion of milial risk of this cancer, particularly in Asians.Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of colorectal cancer in East Asians, cluding 23,572 colorectal cancer cases and 48,700 controls. To identify novel risk loci, we selected 60 omising risk variants for replication using data from 58,131 colorectal cancer cases and 67,347 controls European descent. To identify additional risk variants in known colorectal cancer loci, we performed nditional analyses in East Asians.Results: An indel variant, rs67052019 at 1p13.3, was found to be associated with colorectal cancer risk P = 3.9 x 10(-8) in Asians (OR per allele deletion = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-1.18). This sociation was replicated in European descendants using a variant (rs2938616) in complete linkage sequilibrium with rs67052019 (P = 7.7 x 10(-3)). Of the remaining 59 variants, 12 showed an association P < 0.05 in the European-ancestry study, including rs11108175 and rs9634162 at P < 5 x 10(-8) and o variants with an association near the genome-wide significance level (rs60911071, P = 5.8 x 10(-8); 62558833, P = 7.5 x 10(-8)) in the combined analyses of Asian- and European-ancestry data. In addition, ing data from East Asians, we identified 13 new risk variants at 11 loci reported from previous GWAS.Conclusions: In this large GWAS, we identified three novel risk loci and two highly suggestive loci for lorectal cancer risk and provided evidence for potential roles of multiple genes and pathways in the iology of colorectal cancer. In addition, we showed that additional risk variants exist in many colorectal ncer risk loci identified previously.Impact: Our study provides novel data to improve the understanding of the genetic basis for colorectal ncer risk.
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4.
  • Song, Kai, 1988-, et al. (author)
  • Improve the roles of nature reserves in conservation of endangered pheasant in a highly urbanized region
  • 2020
  • In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Nature reserves play an extraordinarily important role in conserving animal populations and their habitats. However, landscape change and unreasonable zoning designations often render these protected areas inadequate. Therefore, regular evaluation of the efficacy of protected lands is critical for maintaining and improving management strategies. Using species distribution models and GAP analysis, we assessed the changes in suitable habitat for the Brown Eared-pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) in two Chinese nature reserves between 1995 and 2013. Our results showed that the habitat suitability of Brown Eared-pheasant has changed dramatically during this period, and fragmentation analyses showed an increase in concentration area and decrease in patch area. In particular, our findings show that the national nature reserves need to adjust their ranges to ensure the conservation of this flagship species. Our study further provides a new viewpoint for evaluating the efficacy of protected lands, particularly in highly urbanized regions where conservation goals must be balanced with changing landscapes.
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5.
  • Sun, Sun, et al. (author)
  • Mapping the obesity problems scale to the SF-6D : results based on the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg)
  • 2023
  • In: European Journal of Health Economics. - : Springer. - 1618-7598 .- 1618-7601. ; 24:2, s. 279-292
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Obesity Problem Scale (OP) is a widely applied instrument for obesity, however currently calculation of health utility based on OP is not feasible as it is not a preference-based measure. Using data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg), we sought to develop a mapping algorithm to estimate SF-6D utility from OP. Furthermore, to test whether the mapping algorithm is robust to the effect of surgery.METHOD: The source data SOReg (n = 36 706) contains both OP and SF-36, collected at pre-surgery and at 1, 2 and 5 years post-surgery. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS), beta-regression and Tobit regression were used to predict the SF-6D utility for different time points respectively. Besides the main effect model, different combinations of patient characteristics (age, sex, Body Mass Index, obesity-related comorbidities) were tested. Both internal validation (split-sample validation) and validation with testing the mapping algorithm on a dataset from other time points were carried out. A multi-stage model selection process was used, accessing model consistency, parsimony, goodness-of-fit and predictive accuracy. Models with the best performance were selected as the final mapping algorithms.RESULTS: The final mapping algorithms were based on OP summary score using OLS models, for pre- and post-surgery respectively. Mapping algorithms with different combinations of patients' characteristics were presented, to satisfy the user with a different need.CONCLUSION: This study makes available algorithms enabling crosswalk from the Obesity Problem Scale to the SF-6D utility. Different mapping algorithms are recommended for the mapping of pre- and post-operative data.
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6.
  • Sun, Sun, et al. (author)
  • Prediction of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) after bariatric surgery using regularized linear regression models : results from a Swedish nationwide quality register
  • 2023
  • In: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 33:8, s. 2452-2462
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: To investigate whether the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of the patients who underwent bariatric surgery could be predicted using their baseline information.MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients who received bariatric surgery in Sweden between January 1, 2011 and March 31, 2019 were obtained from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg). Baseline information included patients' sociodemographic characteristics, details regarding the procedure, and postsurgical conditions. QALYs were assessed by the SF-6D at follow-up years 1 and 2. The general and regularized linear regression models were used to predict postoperative QALYs.RESULTS: All regression models demonstrated satisfactory and comparable performance in predicting QALYs at follow-up year 1, with R2 and relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) values of about 0.57 and 9.6%, respectively. The performance of the general linear regression model increased with the number of variables; however, the improvement was ignorable when the number of variables was more than 30 and 50 for follow-up years 1 and 2, respectively. Although minor L1 and L2 regularization provided better prediction ability, the improvement was negligible when the number of variables was more than 20. All the models showed poorer performance for predicting QALYs at follow-up year 2.CONCLUSIONS: Patient characteristics before bariatric surgery including health related quality of life, age, sex, BMI, postoperative complications within six weeks, and smoking status, may be adequate in predicting their postoperative QALYs after one year. Understanding these factors can help identify individuals who require more personalized and intensive support before, during, and after surgery.
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7.
  • Sun, Sun, et al. (author)
  • Sequential Multiple Imputation for Real-World Health-Related Quality of Life Missing Data after Bariatric Surgery
  • 2022
  • In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:17
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • One of the main challenges for the successful implementation of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessments is missing data. The current study examined the feasibility and validity of a sequential multiple imputation (MI) method to deal with missing values in the longitudinal HRQoL data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry. All patients in the SOReg who received bariatric surgery between 1 January 2011 and 31 March 2019 (n = 47,653) were included for the descriptive analysis and missingness pattern exploration. The patients who had completed the short-form 36 (SF-36) at baseline (year 0), and one-, two-, and five-year follow-ups were included (n = 3957) for the missingness pattern simulation and the sequential MI analysis. Eleven items of the SF-36 were selected to create the six domains of SF-6D, and the SF-6D utility index of each patient was calculated accordingly. The multiply-imputed variables in previous year were used as input to impute the missing values in later years. The performance of the sequential MI was evaluated by comparing the actual values with the imputed values of the selected SF-36 items and index at all four time points. At the baseline and year 1, where missing proportions were about 20% and 40%, respectively, there were no statistically significant discrepancies between the distributions of the actual and imputed responses (all p-values > 0.05). In year 2, where the missing proportion was about 60%, distributions of the actual and imputed responses were consistent in 9 of the 11 SF-36 items. However, in year 5, where the missing proportion was about 80%, no consistency was found between the actual and imputed responses in any of the SF-36 items. Relatively high missing proportions in HRQoL data are common in clinical registries, which brings a challenge to analyzing the HRQoL of longitudinal cohorts. The experimental sequential multiple imputation method adopted in the current study might be an ideal strategy for handling missing data (even though the follow-up survey had a missing proportion of 60%), avoiding significant information waste in the multivariate analysis. However, the imputations for data with higher missing proportions warrant more research.
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8.
  • Sun, Sun, et al. (author)
  • SF-6D Normative Values Among Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery : Results Based on Real-World Evidence from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg)
  • 2024
  • In: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 34:2, s. 558-567
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The SF-6D index can be used to calculate quality-adjusted life years in economic evaluations, which is required by reimbursement agencies and national advisory bodies, including the Swedish ones. However, despite that SF-36 has been largely applied among patients undergoing bariatric surgery, almost no study has accessed the short form six-dimensions (SF-6D) after bariatric surgery. AIM: To establish normative values for the SF-6D index among patients undergoing bariatric surgery.MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients who received bariatric surgery in Sweden between 2011-01-01 and 2019-03-31 were obtained from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg). Information includes patients' sociodemographic characteristics, details regarding the procedure, and postsurgical conditions. The SF-36 is applied at baseline and at follow-up years 1, 2, and 5. The multiple sequential imputation method was applied to handle missingness on SF-6D items. Based on the UK tariff, the SF-6D preference scores were calculated. The normative values for the mean (SD) SF-6D index were reported by timepoint and surgical complications for men and women, respectively. Multivariate analyses were applied to investigate how the SF-6D index is associated with timepoint, controlling for age, sex, BMI, and comorbidities in a stepwise manner.RESULTS: The SF-6D index increased at 1 year relative to baseline and was roughly maintained at the same level at 2 years. The normative value of the SF-6D index can be used in economic evaluations for bariatric surgery.
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9.
  • Vu Quynh, Mai, et al. (author)
  • An EQ-5D-5L value set for Vietnam
  • 2020
  • In: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 29, s. 1923-1933
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to develop an EQ-5D-5L value set based on the health preferences of the general adult population of Vietnam.METHODS: The EQ-VT protocol version 2.1 was applied. Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed to recruit a nationally representative sample. Both composite time trade-off (C-TTO) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) methods were used. Several modelling approaches were considered including hybrid; tobit; panel and heteroscedastic models. First, models using C-TTO or DCE data were tested separately. Then possibility of combining the C-TTO and DCE data was examined. Hybrid models were tested if it was sensible to combine both types of data. The best-performing model was selected based on both the consistency of the results produced and the degree to which models used all the available data.RESULTS: Data from 1200 respondents representing the general Vietnamese adult population were included in the analyses. Only the DCE Logit model and the regular Hybrid model that uses all available data produced consistent results. As the priority was to use all available data if possible, the hybrid model was selected to generate the Vietnamese value set. Mobility had the largest effect on health state values, followed by pain/discomfort, usual activities, anxiety/depression and self-care. The Vietnam values ranged from - 0.5115 to 1.CONCLUSION: This is the first value set for EQ-5D-5L based on social preferences obtained from a nationally representative sample in Vietnam. The value set will likely play a key role in economic evaluations and health technology assessments in Vietnam.
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10.
  • Zhang, Yi, et al. (author)
  • Elemene inhibits the migration and invasion of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells via heparanase
  • 2017
  • In: Molecular Medicine Reports. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-2997 .- 1791-3004. ; 16:1, s. 794-800
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Elemene (ELE), a natural plant drug extracted from Curcumae Rhizoma, has been widely used for cancer treatment in China for more than 20 years. Although it is reported to be a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, the mechanism underlying the action of ELE in the treatment of breast cancer remains to be fully elucidated. Heparanase, a mammalian endo-D-glucuronidase, is involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and thus promotes tumor progression and metastasis. The downregulation of heparanase can effectively reduce tumor malignant behaviors. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of ELE were evaluated in breast cancer cells using a Cell Counting kit 8 assay. The migratory and invasive capabilities of cancer cells were investigated using a wound healing assay, real-time cell analysis and a Transwell assay. In addition, western blot analysis was used to assess alterations in the expression levels of key proteins. The present results confirmed the antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects of ELE, using low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as a positive control. In addition, ELE was demonstrated to downregulate the expression of heparanase, and decrease the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AKT. These findings suggested that ELE may be a promising agent targeting heparanase in the treatment of breast cancer.
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11.
  • Zhang, Yi, et al. (author)
  • Gubenyiliu II Inhibits Breast Tumor Growth and Metastasis Associated with Decreased Heparanase Expression and Phosphorylation of ERK and AKT Pathways
  • 2017
  • In: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 22:5
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Gubenyiliu II (GYII), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula used in our hospital, has shown beneficial effects in cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of GYII on murine breast cancer models. GYII showed significant inhibitory effects on tumor growth and metastasis in the murine breast cancer model. Additionally, GYII suppressed the proliferation of 4T1 and MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. A better inhibitory effect on 4T1 cell proliferation and migration was found in the decomposed recipes (DR) of GYII. Moreover, heparanase expression and the degree of angiogenesis were reduced in tumor tissues. Western blot analysis showed decreased expression of heparanase and growth factors in the cells treated with GYII and its decomposed recipes (DR2 and DR3), and thereby a reduction in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and serine-threonine kinase (AKT). These results suggest that GYII exerts anti-tumor growth and anti-metastatic effects in the murine breast cancer model. The anti-tumor activity of GYII and its decomposed recipes is, at least partly, associated with decreased heparanase and growth factor expression, which subsequently suppressed the activation of the ERK and AKT pathways.
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12.
  • Akbari, Parsa, et al. (author)
  • Sequencing of 640,000 exomes identifies GPR75 variants associated with protection from obesity
  • 2021
  • In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 373:6550
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Large-scale human exome sequencing can identify rare protein-coding variants with a large impact on complex traits such as body adiposity. We sequenced the exomes of 645,626 individuals from the United Kingdom, the United States, and Mexico and estimated associations of rare coding variants with body mass index (BMI). We identified 16 genes with an exome-wide significant association with BMI, including those encoding five brain-expressed G protein-coupled receptors (CALCR, MC4R, GIPR, GPR151, and GPR75). Protein-truncating variants in GPR75 were observed in ∼4/10,000 sequenced individuals and were associated with 1.8 kilograms per square meter lower BMI and 54% lower odds of obesity in the heterozygous state. Knock out of Gpr75 in mice resulted in resistance to weight gain and improved glycemic control in a high-fat diet model. Inhibition of GPR75 may provide a therapeutic strategy for obesity.
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13.
  • Cheah, Charissa S. L., et al. (author)
  • Parenting hassles mediate predictors of Chinese and Korean immigrants' psychologically controlling parenting
  • 2016
  • In: Journal of applied developmental psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0193-3973 .- 1873-7900. ; 47, s. 13-22
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We examined: (1) the mediating role of parenting daily hassles in the associations between three predictors (child temperament, maternal psychological well-being, and marital quality) and psychologically controlling practices in two Asian immigrant samples. We also explored the moderating role of maternal acculturation in the path from parenting daily hassles to psychological control. Participants were 152 Chinese and 165 Korean immigrant mothers with preschool children in the U.S. Multi-group path analysis revealed that easier child temperament, higher psychological well-being, and better marital quality were each associated with fewer parenting daily hassles, which in turn were associated with less psychological control. These general mediating effects held for both groups. However, the indirect effects of child temperament, maternal psychological well-being, and marital quality through parenting daily hassles were further moderated by acculturation for Chinese immigrant mothers, but not Korean immigrant mothers. The culturally similar and different findings across the two groups were discussed.
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14.
  • Chen, Geng, et al. (author)
  • Heisenberg-scaling measurement of the single-photon Kerr non-linearity using mixed states
  • 2018
  • In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Improving the precision of measurements is a significant scientific challenge. Previous works suggest that in a photon-coupling scenario the quantum fisher information shows a quantum-enhanced scaling of N-2, which in theory allows a better-than-classical scaling in practical measurements. In this work, utilizing mixed states with a large uncertainty and a post-selection of an additional pure system, we present a scheme to extract this amount of quantum fisher information and experimentally attain a practical Heisenberg scaling. We performed a measurement of a single-photon's Kerr non-linearity with a Heisenberg scaling, where an ultra-small Kerr phase of. 6 x 10(-8) rad was observed with a precision of similar or equal to 3.6 x 10(-10) rad. From the use of mixed states, the upper bound of quantum fisher information is improved to 2N(2). Moreover, by using an imaginary weak-value the scheme is robust to noise originating from the self-phase modulation.
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15.
  • Ding, Shaozhen, et al. (author)
  • novoPathFinder: a webserver of designing novel-pathway with integrating GEM-model
  • 2020
  • In: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 48:W1, s. W477-W487
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To increase the number of value-added chemicals that can be produced by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, constructing metabolic space with novel reactions/pathways is crucial. However, with the large number of reactions that existed in the metabolic space and complicated metabolisms within hosts, identifying novel pathways linking two molecules or heterologous pathways when engineering a host to produce a target molecule is an arduous task. Hence, we built a user-friendly web server, novoPathFinder, which has several features: (i) enumerate novel pathways between two specified molecules without considering hosts; (ii) construct heterologous pathways with known or putative reactions for producing target molecule within Escherichia coli or yeast without giving precursor; (iii) estimate novel pathways with considering several categories, including enzyme promiscuity, Synthetic Complex Score (SCScore) and LD50 of intermediates, overall stoichiometric conversions, pathway length, theoretical yields and thermodynamic feasibility. According to the results, novoPathFinder is more capable to recover experimentally validated pathways when comparing other rule-based web server tools. Besides, more efficient pathways with novel reactions could also be retrieved for further experimental exploration. novoPathFinder is available at http://design.rxnfinder.org/novopathfinder/.
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16.
  • Dong, Jingran, et al. (author)
  • Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of the anti-tubercular prodrug isoniazid and its analog by iridium(IV) as models for biological redox systems
  • 2017
  • In: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9234 .- 1477-9226. ; 46:26, s. 8377-8386
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A complex reaction mechanism of oxidation of the anti-tubercular prodrug isoniazid (isonicotinic hydrazide, INH) by [IrCl6]2− as a model for redox processes of such drugs in biological systems has been studied in aqueous solution as a function of pH between 0 and 8.5. Similar experiments have been performed with its isomer nicotinic hydrazide (NH). All reactions are overall second-order, first-order in [IrCl6]2− and hydrazide, and the observed second-order rate constants k′ have been determined as a function of pH. Spectrophotometric titrations indicate a stoichiometry of [Ir(IV)]:[hydrazide] = 4:1. HPLC analysis shows that the oxidation product of INH is isonicotinic acid. The derived reaction mechanism, based on rate law, time-resolved spectra and stoichiometry, involves parallel attacks by [IrCl6]2− on all four protolytic species of INH and NH as rate-determining steps, depending on pH. These steps are proposed to generate two types of hydrazyl free radicals. These radicals react further in three rapid consecutive processes, leading to the final oxidation products. Rate constants for the rate-determining steps have been determined for all protolytic species I–IV of INH and NH. They are used to calculate reactivity–pH diagrams. These diagrams demonstrate that for both systems, species IV is ca. 105 times more reactive in the redox process than the predominant species III at the physiological pH of 7.4. Thus, species IV will be the main reactant, in spite of the fact that its concentration at this pH is extremely low, a fact that has not been considered in previous work. The results indicate that pH changes might be an important factor in the activation process of INH in biological systems also, and that in such systems this process most likely is more complicated than previously assumed
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17.
  • Guida, Florence, et al. (author)
  • Assessment of Lung Cancer Risk on the Basis of a Biomarker Panel of Circulating Proteins
  • 2018
  • In: JAMA Oncology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 4:10
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Importance  There is an urgent need to improve lung cancer risk assessment because current screening criteria miss a large proportion of cases.Objective  To investigate whether a lung cancer risk prediction model based on a panel of selected circulating protein biomarkers can outperform a traditional risk prediction model and current US screening criteria.Design, Setting, and Participants  Prediagnostic samples from 108 ever-smoking patients with lung cancer diagnosed within 1 year after blood collection and samples from 216 smoking-matched controls from the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) cohort were used to develop a biomarker risk score based on 4 proteins (cancer antigen 125 [CA125], carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], cytokeratin-19 fragment [CYFRA 21-1], and the precursor form of surfactant protein B [Pro-SFTPB]). The biomarker score was subsequently validated blindly using absolute risk estimates among 63 ever-smoking patients with lung cancer diagnosed within 1 year after blood collection and 90 matched controls from 2 large European population-based cohorts, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS).Main Outcomes and Measures  Model validity in discriminating between future lung cancer cases and controls. Discrimination estimates were weighted to reflect the background populations of EPIC and NSHDS validation studies (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve [AUC], sensitivity, and specificity).Results  In the validation study of 63 ever-smoking patients with lung cancer and 90 matched controls (mean [SD] age, 57.7 [8.7] years; 68.6% men) from EPIC and NSHDS, an integrated risk prediction model that combined smoking exposure with the biomarker score yielded an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.90) compared with 0.73 (95% CI, 0.64-0.82) for a model based on smoking exposure alone (P = .003 for difference in AUC). At an overall specificity of 0.83, based on the US Preventive Services Task Force screening criteria, the sensitivity of the integrated risk prediction (biomarker) model was 0.63 compared with 0.43 for the smoking model. Conversely, at an overall sensitivity of 0.42, based on the US Preventive Services Task Force screening criteria, the integrated risk prediction model yielded a specificity of 0.95 compared with 0.86 for the smoking model.Conclusions and Relevance  This study provided a proof of principle in showing that a panel of circulating protein biomarkers may improve lung cancer risk assessment and may be used to define eligibility for computed tomography screening.
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18.
  • Guo, Tingbiao, et al. (author)
  • Thermal management with a highly emissive and thermally conductive graphite absorber
  • 2019
  • In: AIP Advances. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 2158-3226. ; 9:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Thermal management on a variety of length scales is essential for many industrial, solar and computational systems. Here we explore the thermal properties of a nearly perfect graphite absorber with both high emissivity and thermal conductivity which is fabricated by simple one-step etching. The hemispherical reflectance of the absorber is around 1% in the visible range and the normal specular reflectance is less than 1% from 1.5 mu m to 10 mu m. The thermal conductivity of the absorber is measured above 630 Wm(-1) K-1, which is 2.5 times larger than the aluminum used in commercial heat sinks. Heat dissipation testing indicates that a device is 3.7 +/- 2 degrees cooler with the graphite absorber as the heat spreader than a pristine graphite sheet and 9.1 +/- 2 degrees cooler than an Au-coated graphite sheet, primarily due to improved radiation cooling. A theoretical analysis accounts for the results. Further analysis suggests that the radiative heat dissipation is more prominent in the low-convection environment, especially for a convection coefficient below 10 Wm(-2) K-1. 
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19.
  • Han, Mengying, et al. (author)
  • ChemHub: a knowledgebase of functional chemicals for synthetic biology studies
  • 2021
  • In: Bioinformatics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1367-4803 .- 1367-4811 .- 1460-2059. ; 37:22, s. 4275-4276
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The field of synthetic biology lacks a comprehensive knowledgebase for selecting synthetic target molecules according to their functions, economic applications and known biosynthetic pathways. We implemented ChemHub, a knowledgebase containing >90 000 chemicals and their functions, along with related biosynthesis information for these chemicals that was manually extracted from >600 000 published studies by more than 100 people over the past 10 years.
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20.
  • Holmberg, Carl Jacob, et al. (author)
  • The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade for melanoma in-transit with or without nodal metastases - A multicenter cohort study
  • 2022
  • In: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 40:16
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: Guidelines addressing melanoma in-transit metastasis (ITM) recommend immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as a first-line treatment option, despite the fact that there are no efficacy data available from prospective trials for exclusively ITM disease. The study aims to analyze the outcome of patients with ITM treated with ICI based on data from a large cohort of patients treated at international referral clinics. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients treated between January 2015 and December 2020 from Australia, Europe, and the USA, evaluating treatment with ICI for ITM with or without nodal involvement (AJCC8 N1c, N2c, and N3c) and without distant disease (M0). Treatment was with PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) and/or CTLA-4 inhibitor (ipilimumab). The response was evaluated according to the RECIST criteria modified for cutaneous lesions. Results: A total of 287 patients from 21 institutions in eight countries were included. Immunotherapy was first-line treatment in 64 (22%) patients. PD-1 or CTLA-4 inhibitor monotherapy was given in 233 (81%) and 23 (8%) patients, respectively, while 31 (11%) received both in combination. The overall response rate was 56%, complete response (CR) rate was 36%, and progressive disease (PD) rate was 32%. Median PFS was ten months (95% CI 7.4-12.6 months) with a one-, two-, and five-year PFS rate of 48%, 33%, and 18%, respectively. Median MSS was not reached, and the one-, two-, and five-year MSS rates were 95%, 83%, and 71%, respectively. Conclusion: Systemic immunotherapy is an effective treatment for melanoma ITM. Future studies should evaluate the role of systemic immunotherapy in the context of multimodality therapy, including locoregional treatments such as surgery, intralesional therapy, and regional therapies.
  •  
21.
  • Hu, Zhipeng, et al. (author)
  • Wideband High-Reflection Chiral Dielectric Metasurface
  • 2021
  • In: Progress In Electromagnetics Research. - : EMW PUBLISHING. - 1070-4698 .- 1559-8985. ; 172, s. 51-60
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Compared to natural materials, artificial subwavelength structures can enhance chiroptical effects in a stronger way, and the requirement of low material loss and wideband operation is desired in many situations. Here, we propose an all-dielectric chiral metasurface as a periodic array of centrosymmetric staggered silicon cuboid pairs to achieve strong circular dichroism in a wide band. As a demonstration, the designed chiral metasurface may strongly reflect the chosen circularly polarized light with the spin preserved in the operating wavelength range of 1.51 ti 1.60 mu m while highly transmit (with an efficiency greater than 95%) the opposite circularly polarized light with the spin flipped. Then, two application cases are given for the designed chiral metasurface. A flat chiral meta-lens is constructed to produce wideband focusing in the transmission/reflection side while the disturbing from the opposite circular polarization is well blocked by high reflection/transmission. A chiral Fabry-Perot cavity is also constructed, which has an extremely high quality factor (2.1E4). The proposed method provides an efficient way to produce strong chiroptical effects and has a promising potential for various applications such as signal processing, sensing, radiation and detection.
  •  
22.
  • Jiang, Di, 1983, et al. (author)
  • A flexible and stackable 3D interconnect system using growth-engineered carbon nanotube scaffolds
  • 2017
  • In: Flexible and Printed Electronics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2058-8585. ; 2:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • One of the critical challenges for realizing flexible electronic systems for a wide range of applications is the development of materials for flexible and stackable interconnects. We propose and demonstrate a three-dimensional (3D)interconnect structure embedded in a polymeric substrate using metal-coated carbon nanotube (CNT)scaffolds. By using two different underlayer materials for the catalyst, onestep synthesis of a dual-height CNT interconnect scaffold was realized. The CNT scaffolds serve as flexible cores for both annular metal through-substrate-vias and for horizontal metal interconnect. The 3D-CNT network was fabricated on a silicon substrate, and once the scaffolds were covered by metal, they were embedded in a polymer serving as a flexible substrate after peel-off from the silicon substrate. The 3D-CNT interconnect network was exposed to mechanical bending and stretching tests while monitoring its electrical properties. Even after 300 cycles no significant increase of resistances was found. Electrically there is a trade-off between flexibility and conductivity due to the surface roughness of the scaffold. However, this is to some extent alleviated by the metalized sidewalls giving the horizontal wires a cross-sectional area larger than indicated by their footprint. For gold wires 200 nm thick, measurements indicated a resistivity of 18 μΩ.cm, a value less than one order of magnitude larger than that of bulk gold, and a value that is expected to improve as technology improves. The mechanical properties of the metalized scaffolds were simulated using a finite element model. The potential scale-up capability of the proposed 3D-CNT network was demonstrated by the stacking of two such polymer-embedded interconnect systems.
  •  
23.
  • Li, Guowei, et al. (author)
  • Carbon-Tailored Semimetal MoP as an Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst in Both Alkaline and Acid Media
  • 2018
  • In: Advanced Energy Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 8:24
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The electrolysis processes such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) require high efficient catalysts with robust surface stability. A high conductivity is also necessary to speed up the charge transport between the catalyst and the electrolyte. Recently, the observation of exceedingly high conductivity in the topological semimetal MoP, has provided a model catalyst to investigate the correlation between the electrical transport and the electrocatalytic activity for the HER. Thus, MoP is encapsulated in a Mo, P codoped carbon layer (MoP@C). This composite material exhibits outstanding HER performance, with an extremely low overpotential of 49 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) and a Tafel slope of 54 mV dec(-1) in an alkaline medium. In addition, electron transport analysis indicates that MoP exhibits high conductivity and mobility due to the existence of triple-point fermions and a complex Fermi surface. Furthermore, the presence of P-C and Mo-C bonds at the interface between the carbon layer and the MoP particles modulates the band structure of MoP@C and facilitates fast electron transfer, accumulation, and subsequent delocalization, which are in turn responsible for the excellent HER activity.
  •  
24.
  • Li, Xinxuan, et al. (author)
  • Genetically predicted high IGF-1 levels showed protective effects on COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization : a Mendelian randomisation study with data from 60 studies across 25 countries
  • 2022
  • In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 11
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Epidemiological studies observed gender differences in COVID-19 outcomes, however, whether sex hormone plays a causal in COVID-19 risk remains unclear. This study aimed to examine associations of sex hormone, sex hormones-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and COVID-19 risk. Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) study was performed to explore the causal associations between testosterone, estrogen, SHBG, IGF-1, and the risk of COVID-19 (susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity) using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary level data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (N=1,348,701). Random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) MR approach was used as the primary MR method and the weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) test were conducted as sensitivity analyses. Results: Higher genetically predicted IGF-1 levels have nominally significant association with reduced risk of COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization. For one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted IGF-1 levels, the odds ratio was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.97, p=0.027) for COVID-19 susceptibility, 0.62 (95% CI: 0.25-0.51, p=0.018) for COVID-19 hospitalization, and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.52-1.38, p=0.513) for COVID-19 severity. There was no evidence that testosterone, estrogen, and SHBG are associated with the risk of COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity in either overall or sex-stratified TSMR analysis. Conclusions: Our study indicated that genetically predicted high IGF-1 levels were associated with decrease the risk of COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization, but these associations did not survive the Bonferroni correction of multiple testing. Further studies are needed to validate the findings and explore whether IGF-1 could be a potential intervention target to reduce COVID-19 risk.
  •  
25.
  • Liu, Wen-Chun, et al. (author)
  • Genotyping of Hepatitis B Virus - Genotypes A to G by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • 2008
  • In: Intervirology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0300-5526 .- 1423-0100. ; 51:4, s. 247-252
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • <i>Objectives:</i> Eight genotypes (A–H) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are known with variations in nucleotide sequences greater than 8%. Several recent publications found that the clinical course and outcome of antiviral therapy depended on the genotype of the infecting HBV strain. Large epidemiological studies will require the availability of a system which is rapid, reliable and can be performed on a large number of samples. <i>Methods:</i> To establish a simple and accurate genotyping method, the study collected 369 HBV complete genomic sequences from the GenBank database. Type-specific primers were also designed that separated HBV genotypes A to G by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. <i>Results:</i> By comparison with the traditional restriction fragment length polymorphism method, over 93% of 441 samples were accurately genotyped by current assay, with a higher detection rate and sensitivity to detect mixed HBV infections. <i>Conclusions:</i> This methodology can be applied only to areas prevalent with HBV genotypes A to G. However, it provides an efficient alternative for clinical diagnosis and large-scale studies.
  •  
26.
  • Luo, Yifei, et al. (author)
  • Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
  • 2023
  • In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
  •  
27.
  • Nan, Pan, et al. (author)
  • Design of the laser gun bullets based on microcontroller
  • 2018
  • In: ICEMI 2017 - Proceedings of IEEE 13th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781509050345 ; , s. 68-72
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Police lab for testing requirements bullet speed, we designed a microcontroller based on the laser gun. The microcontroller as the core for speedometer, with laser detection plate module, thermal Printer module, display and buttons module, USB data interface module, wireless modules and stable voltage module, it can measure the speed of a series of work by Ligation of these modules. First, fired projectiles for testing by the laser detection plate module. Then, Transfer the detected data into the microcontroller. In the microcontroller detection data is processed and then printed out by thermal printer. Via USB data interface for data uploaded to a computer to save. While on the steps required to be operated by the controller. © 2017 IEEE.
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28.
  • Ning, Zhongrui, et al. (author)
  • Wetter trend in source region of Yangtze River by runoff simulating based on Grid-RCCC-WBM
  • 2024
  • In: Journal of Hydrology. - 0022-1694. ; 631
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Exploring the future hydroclimatic conditions of source region of Yangtze River (SRYaR), an alpine affected by climate change significantly, is essential for basin water resources management and development ss global climate change intensifies and the process of climate warming and humidification in Northwest China. This study proposed a practical framework for assessing water resource response to the context of climate changes in alpine catchments from the respective of both runoff and hydroclimatic conditions. Utilizing Grid-RCCC-WBM driven by corrected climatic forcing from the global climate models, this study estimate the prospective overall warmer and wetter pattern in the source region of Yangtze River. The key results indicated that: (1) Under all future scenarios, both temperature and precipitation within the catchment exhibit a significant upward trend. Projections from multi-model ensembles (MME) suggest that during the mid-term period (2041–2060, MT), temperatures are expected to rise by [0.74 °C, 3.08 °C] compared to the baseline period (1995–2014), with precipitation changes ranging from [4.8%, 21.4%]. (2) Future runoff within the catchment exhibits a consistent increase, with a linear trend rate of 1.1 mm/decade. runoff changes in MT compared to the baseline period vary from [−5.1%, 33.7%]. Runoff decreases in the northern part of the catchment, while notable increases occur in the southeastern and western regions. (3) In the future, the ratio of catchment evaporation capacity to precipitation decreases in comparison to the baseline period with an augmentation in soil moisture, enhancing its capacity for water retention and reducing the conversion of precipitation to evaporation, resulting a wetting trend of the catchment. (4) The future snowpack in the catchment continues to decrease, with a significant reduction in both the proportion of snowfall relative to total precipitation and the proportion of snowmelt runoff relative to total runoff, the risk of water resources crisis in the watershed is escalating.
  •  
29.
  • Pan, Nan, et al. (author)
  • Efficient matching technique for laser detection features of cable cutting traces
  • 2017
  • In: Guangxue Jingmi Gongcheng/Optics and Precision Engineering. - : Chinese Academy of Sciences. - 1004-924X. ; 25, s. 183-190
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A lot of line traces on the bearing surface of broken ends which usually present nonlinear morphological features and have strong randomness were left in the crime scene of cable cutting case. In order to implement trace feature matching and affiliated tool inference more rapidly, an efficient matching technique for laser detection features of cable cutting traces was designed: K-Means clustering was used to implement abnormal data correction for 1-D signals picked up on the surface of broken ends detected by single-point laser displacement sensor firstly, and then self-adaptation correction of rotation angle was implemented to unify matching datum. Finally, matching strategy based on threshold sequences was used to realize overlap ratio matching of trace feature similarity, thus realizing quick inference of corresponding tools, and cutting tool interference experiment by actual traces verifies practicability and effectiveness of the technique. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.
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30.
  • Pan, Yitao, et al. (author)
  • First Report on the Occurrence and Bioaccumulation of Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Trimer Acid : An Emerging Concern
  • 2017
  • In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 51:17, s. 9553-9560
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Here, we report on the occurrence of a novel perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid, ammonium perfluoro-2-[(propoxy)propoxy]-1-propanoate (HFPO-TA), in surface water and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) collected from the Xiaoqing River and in 'residents residing near a fluoropolymer production plant in Huantai County, China. Compared with the levels upstream of the Xiaoqing River, HFPO-TA concentrations (5200-68500 ng/L) were approximately 120-1600-times higher downstream after receiving fluoropolymer plant effluent from a tributary. The riverine discharge' of HFPO-TA was estimated to be 4.6 t/yr, accounting for 22% of total PFAS discharge. In the wild common carp collected downstream from the point source, HFPO-TA was detected in the blood (median: 1510 ng/mL), liver (587 ng/g ww), and muscle (118 ng/g ww). The log BCFbiood of HFPO-TA (2.18) was significantly higher than that of PFOA (1.93). Detectable levels of HFPO-TA were also found in the sera of residents (median: 2.93 ng/mL). This is the first report on the environmental occurrence and bioaccumulation of this novel chemical. Our results indicate an emerging usage of HFPO-TA in the fluoropolymer manufacturing industry and raise concerns about the toxicity and potential health risks of HFPO-TA to aquatic organisms and humans.
  •  
31.
  • Pan, Yitao, et al. (author)
  • Worldwide Distribution of Novel Perfluoroether Carboxylic and Sulfonic Acids in Surface Water
  • 2018
  • In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 52:14, s. 7621-7629
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Driven by increasingly stringent restrictions on long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), novel fluorinated compounds have emerged on the market. Here we report on the occurrences of several perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic and sulfonic acids (PFECAs and PFESAs), including hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer and trimer acids (HFPO-DA and HFPO-TA), ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3 H-perfluorononanoate (ADONA), chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA), and its hydrogen-substituted analogue (6:2 H-PFESA) in surface waters from China ( n = 106), the United States ( n = 12), the United Kingdom ( n = 6), Sweden ( n = 10), Germany ( n = 14), The Netherlands ( n = 6), and Korea ( n = 6). Results showed that HFPO-DA, HFPO-TA, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA (median = 0.95, 0.21, and 0.31 ng/L, respectively) were frequently detected in all countries, indicating ubiquitous dispersal and distribution in global surface waters. The presence of 6:2 H-PFESA was widely detected in China (detection rate > 95%) but not in any other country. Only trace levels of ADONA (0.013-1.5 ng/L) were detected in the Rhine River flowing through Germany. The estimated total riverine mass discharges of HFPO-DA, HFPO-TA, and ΣPFESAs reached 2.6, 6.0, and 4.3 ton/year in five of the major river systems in China. Our results indicated that novel PFECAs and PFESAs might become global contaminants, and future investigations are warranted.
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32.
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33.
  • Piao, Shilong, et al. (author)
  • Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models for their response to climate variability and to CO2 trends
  • 2013
  • In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013. ; 19:7, s. 2117-2132
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The purpose of this study was to evaluate 10 process-based terrestrial biosphere models that were used for the IPCC fifth Assessment Report. The simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) is compared with flux-tower-based estimates by Jung etal. [Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011) G00J07] (JU11). The net primary productivity (NPP) apparent sensitivity to climate variability and atmospheric CO2 trends is diagnosed from each model output, using statistical functions. The temperature sensitivity is compared against ecosystem field warming experiments results. The CO2 sensitivity of NPP is compared to the results from four Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments. The simulated global net biome productivity (NBP) is compared with the residual land sink (RLS) of the global carbon budget from Friedlingstein etal. [Nature Geoscience 3 (2010) 811] (FR10). We found that models produce a higher GPP (133 +/- 15Pg Cyr-1) than JU11 (118 +/- 6Pg Cyr-1). In response to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, modeled NPP increases on average by 16% (5-20%) per 100ppm, a slightly larger apparent sensitivity of NPP to CO2 than that measured at the FACE experiment locations (13% per 100ppm). Global NBP differs markedly among individual models, although the mean value of 2.0 +/- 0.8Pg Cyr-1 is remarkably close to the mean value of RLS (2.1 +/- 1.2 Pg Cyr-1). The interannual variability in modeled NBP is significantly correlated with that of RLS for the period 1980-2009. Both model-to-model and interannual variation in model GPP is larger than that in model NBP due to the strong coupling causing a positive correlation between ecosystem respiration and GPP in the model. The average linear regression slope of global NBP vs. temperature across the 10 models is -3.0 +/- 1.5Pg Cyr-1 degrees C-1, within the uncertainty of what derived from RLS (-3.9 +/- 1.1Pg Cyr-1 degrees C-1). However, 9 of 10 models overestimate the regression slope of NBP vs. precipitation, compared with the slope of the observed RLS vs. precipitation. With most models lacking processes that control GPP and NBP in addition to CO2 and climate, the agreement between modeled and observation-based GPP and NBP can be fortuitous. Carbon-nitrogen interactions (only separable in one model) significantly influence the simulated response of carbon cycle to temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration, suggesting that nutrients limitations should be included in the next generation of terrestrial biosphere models.
  •  
34.
  • Sampson, Joshua N., et al. (author)
  • Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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35.
  • Shi, Kezhang, et al. (author)
  • Colossal Enhancement of Near-Field Thermal Radiation Across Hundreds of Nanometers between Millimeter-Scale Plates through Surface Plasmon and Phonon Polaritons Coupling
  • 2019
  • In: Nano letters (Print). - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 19:11, s. 8082-8088
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Coupling modes between surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) play a vital role in enhancing near-field thermal radiation but are relatively unexplored, and no experimental result is available. Here, we consider the NFTR enhancement between two identical graphene-covered SiO2 heterostructures with millimeter-scale surface area and report an experimentally record-breaking, similar to 64-fold enhancement compared to blackbody (BB) limit at a gap distance of 170 nm. The energy transmission coefficient and radiation spectra show that the physical mechanism behind the colossal enhancement is the coupling between the surface plasmon and phonon polaritons.
  •  
36.
  • Sun, Jinghao, et al. (author)
  • A Capacity Augmentation Bound for Real-Time Constrained-Deadline Parallel Tasks Under GEDF
  • 2018
  • In: IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. - 0278-0070 .- 1937-4151. ; 37:11, s. 2200-2211
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Capacity augmentation bound is a widely used quantitative metric in theoretical studies of schedulability analysis for directed acyclic graph (DAG) parallel real-time tasks, which not only quantifies the suboptimality of the scheduling algorithms, but also serves as a simple linear-time schedulability test. Earlier studies on capacity augmentation bounds of the sporadic DAG task model were either restricted to a single DAG task or a set of tasks with implicit deadlines. In this paper, we consider parallel tasks with constrained deadlines under global earliest deadline first policy. We first show that it is impossible to obtain a constant bound for our problem setting, and derive both lower and upper bounds of the capacity augmentation bound as a function with respect to the maximum ratio of task period to deadline. Our upper bound is at most 1.47 times larger than the optimal one. We conduct experiments to compare the acceptance ratio of our capacity augmentation bound with the existing schedulability test also having linear-time complexity. The results show that our capacity augmentation bound significantly outperforms the existing linear-time schedulability test under different parameter settings.
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37.
  • Sun, Jinghao, et al. (author)
  • Capacity Augmentation Function for Real-Time Parallel Tasks With Constrained Deadlines Under GEDF Scheduling
  • 2020
  • In: IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0278-0070 .- 1937-4151. ; 39:12, s. 4537-4548
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Capacity augmentation bound (CAB) is a widely used quantitative metric in theoretical analysis for directed acyclic graph (DAG) parallel real-time tasks, which reveals the key factors the schedulability of DAG tasks heavily depending on: the normalized utilization (the ratio of the total utilization to the core numbers) and the tensity (the maximum ratio of task's longest path length to task's deadline). However, CAB requires both factors of a schedulable task system to be capped by the same threshold. A task system with a normalized utilization slightly larger than that threshold but very small tensity, or very smaller normalized utilization but slightly larger than that threshold has good chance to be scheduled are both denied by CAB. To this end, we propose a new concept called capacity augmentation function (CAF) to better characterize the schedulability of parallel real-time tasks, which provides a more loose and different threshold for both factors. In particular, we derive a CAF-based linear-time schedulability test for real-time constrained-deadline DAG tasks under global EDF, which entirely dominates the state-of-the-art CAB-based test for constrained-deadline settings. Finally, we conduct experiments to compare the acceptance ratio of our CAF-based test with the existing schedulability tests also having linear-time complexity. The results show that CAF-based test significantly outperforms the existing linear-time schedulability test under different parameter settings.
  •  
38.
  • Sun, Jinghao, et al. (author)
  • Feasibility of fork-join real-time task graph models : Hardness and algorithms
  • 2016
  • In: ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1539-9087 .- 1558-3465. ; 15:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In the formal analysis of real-time systems, modeling of branching codes and modeling of intratask parallelism structures are two of the most important research topics. These two real-time properties are combined, resulting in the fork-join real-time task (FJRT) model, which extends the digraph-based task model with forking and joining semantics. We prove that the EDF schedulability problem on a preemptive uniprocessor for the FJRT model is coNP-hard in the strong sense, even if the utilization of the task system is bounded by a constant strictly less than 1. Then, we show that the problem becomes tractable with some slight structural restrictions on parallel sections, for which we propose an exact schedulability test with pseudo-polynomial time complexity. Our results thus establish a borderline between the tractable and intractable FJRT models.
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39.
  • Sun, Jinghao, et al. (author)
  • On Computing Exact WCRT for DAG Tasks
  • 2020
  • In: 57th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, DAC 2020, San Francisco, CA, USA, July 20-24, 2020. - : IEEE. - 9781728110851 ; , s. 1-6
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Most current real-time parallel applications can be modeled as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) task. Existing worst-case response time (WCRT) bounds (e.g., Graham's bound) derived for DAGs may be very pessimistic. No one precisely knows the gap between the WCRT bound and the actual WCRT. In this paper, we aim to derive the exact WCRT of a DAG task under the list scheduling upon multi-core platforms. We encode the WCRT analysis problem into a satisfaction modular theoretical (SNIT) formulation based on insights into the list scheduling algorithm, and prove that our SMT program can solve the WCRT precisely, providing an accurate baseline to measure the tightness of the existing WCRT bounds. Experiments show that our method significantly improves the tightness of the WCRT bound, and is practically quite efficient, e.g., it can analyze DAGs with more than 40 vertices in a few seconds.
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40.
  • Sun, Jinghao, et al. (author)
  • On the Volume Calculation for Conditional DAG Tasks : Hardness and Algorithms
  • 2020
  • In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2020 DESIGN, AUTOMATION &amp; TEST IN EUROPE CONFERENCE &amp; EXHIBITION (DATE 2020). - NEW YORK, USA. - 9783981926347 ; , s. 204-209
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The hardness of analyzing conditional directed acyclic graph (DAG) tasks remains unknown so far. For example, previous researches asserted that the conditional DAG's volume can be solved in polynomial time. However, these researches all assume well-nested structures that are recursively composed by single-source-single-sink parallel and conditional components. For conditional DAGs in general that do not comply with this assumption, the hardness and algorithms of volume computation are still open. In this paper, we construct counterexamples to show that previous work cannot provide a safe upper bound of the conditional DAG's volume in general. Moreover, we prove that the volume computation problem for conditional DAGs is strongly NP-hard. Finally, we propose an exact algorithm for computing the conditional DAG's volume. Experiments show that our method can significantly improve the accuracy of the conditional DAG's volume estimation.
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41.
  • Sun, Jinghao, et al. (author)
  • Real-Time Scheduling and Analysis of OpenMP DAG Tasks Supporting Nested Parallelism
  • 2020
  • In: IEEE Transactions on Computers. - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 0018-9340 .- 1557-9956. ; 69:9, s. 1335-1348
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OpenMP is a promising framework to develop parallel real-time software on multi-cores. Although similar to the DAG task model, OpenMP task systems are significantly more difficult to analyze due to constraints posed by OpenMP specifications. One of the most interesting features in OpenMP is the support for nested parallelism, enjoying benefits in enhancing performance transparency of parallel libraries and promoting reuse of black-box code. Previous researches on DAG task scheduling mainly restrict to only one level of parallelism. The problem whether OpenMP tasks with multiple levels of parallelism are suitable to real-time systems remains open. In this paper, we study the real-time scheduling and analysis of OpenMP task systems supporting nested parallelism. First, we show that under existing scheduling algorithms in OpenMP implementations, nested parallelism indeed may lead to extremely bad timing behaviors where the parallel workload is sequentially executed completely. To solve this problem, we propose a new scheduling algorithm and develop two sound response time bounds by considering the trade-off between simplicity and analysis precision. Experiments demonstrate the efficiency of our methods.
  •  
42.
  • Sun, Jinghao, et al. (author)
  • Real-Time Scheduling and Analysis of OpenMP Task Systems with Tied Tasks
  • 2017
  • In: 2017 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS). - : IEEE. - 9781538614143 ; , s. 92-103
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OpenMP is a promising framework for developing parallel real-time software on multi-cores. Although similar to the DAG task model, OpenMP task systems are significantly more difficult to analyze due to constraints posed by the OpenMP specification. An important feature in OpenMP is tied tasks, which must execute on the same thread during the whole life cycle. Although tied tasks enjoy benefits in simplicity and efficiency, it was considered to be not suitable to real-time systems due to its complex behavior. In this paper, we study the real-time scheduling and analysis of OpenMP task systems with tied tasks. First, we show that under the existing scheduling algorithms in OpenMP, tied tasks indeed may lead to extremely bad timing behaviors where the parallel workload is sequentially executed completely. To solve this problem, we proposed a new scheduling algorithm and developed two response time bounds for it, with different trade-off between simplicity and analysis precision. Experiments with both randomly generated OpenMP task systems and realistic OpenMP programs show that the response time bounds obtained by our approach for tied task systems are very close to that of untied tasks.
  •  
43.
  • Sun, Jinghao, et al. (author)
  • Schedulability Analysis for Timed Automata With Tasks
  • 2021
  • In: ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1539-9087 .- 1558-3465. ; 20:5s
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Research on modeling and analysis of real-time computing systems has been done in two areas, model checking and real-time scheduling theory. In model checking, an expressive modeling formalism such as timed automata (TA) is used to model complex systems, but the analysis is typically very expensive due to state-space explosion. In real-time scheduling theory, the analysis techniques are highly efficient, but the models are often restrictive. In this paper, we aim to exploit the possibility of applying efficient analysis techniques rooted in real-time scheduling theory to analysis of real-time task systems modeled by timed automata with tasks (TAT). More specifically, we develop efficient techniques to analyze the feasibility of TAT-based task models (i.e., whether all tasks can meet their deadlines on single-processor) using demand bound functions (DBF), a widely used workload abstraction in real-time scheduling theory. Our proposed analysis method has a pseudo-polynomial time complexity if the number of clocks used to model each task is bounded by a constant, which is much lower than the exponential complexity of the traditional model-checking based analysis approach (also assuming the number of clocks is bounded by a constant). We apply dynamic programming techniques to implement the DBF-based analysis framework, and propose state space pruning techniques to accelerate the analysis process. Experimental results show that our DBF-based method can analyze a TAT system with 50 tasks within a few minutes, which significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art TAT-based schedulability analysis tool TIMES.
  •  
44.
  • Sun, Ning, et al. (author)
  • Design guidelines for fluid-elastic instability of tube bundles subjected to two-phase cross flow
  • 2019
  • In: Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A. - 1673-565X. ; 20:8, s. 577-589
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Fluid-elastic instability of tube bundles is the main cause of vibration failure of heat exchangers. To establish more reasonable and reliable design guidelines for fluid-elastic instability of tube bundles subjected to two-phase cross flow, we investigated experimentally the effects of the flow conditions of the two-phase flow and the geometrical characteristics of the tube bundles on damping, vibration, and fluid-elastic instability. Moreover, we proposed recommended values of the instability constant based on the conductivity difference measurement (CDM) model and the classification of tube bundle arrangements. The reliability of these values was also verified. The results indicated that the damping ratio in the lift direction was smaller than that in the drag direction and fluid-elastic instability was more prone to occur. The order of stability of the four tube bundle arrangements from high to low was normal triangular, normal square, rotated square, and rotated triangular. Thus, to avoid fluid-elastic instability, the normal triangular tube bundle is recommended for large shell-and-tube heat exchangers subjected to two-phase cross flow. In addition, for normal square and normal triangular tube bundles, the recommended instability constant is 4.0. For rotated square and rotated triangular tube bundles, the recommended instability constant is 1.1 when the mass damping parameter is less than or equal to 0.54, otherwise the value is 1.5.
  •  
45.
  • Sun, Shuangxi, 1986, et al. (author)
  • Heat dissipation of a hybrid CNT/Graphene based heat spreader
  • 2016
  • In: IMAPS Nordic Annual Conference 2016, Tonsberg, Norway, 5-7 June 2016. - 9781510827226
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Graphene and Carbon Nanotube have been received much attention in the microelectronics application, due to their intrinsic unique performance in the thermal and electronic conduction. In this paper, a free standing three dimensional (3D) carbon nanotube (CNT)/graphene (G) hybrid material was synthesized through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process for heat dissipation application. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to characterize the morphology of this hybrid material. Thermal test chip was designed and fabricated to test the cooling effect of this CNT/G hybrid material. The temperature of the hot spot on the chip can decreased around 10 oC with the help of this hybrid material.
  •  
46.
  • Sun, Xiaohong, et al. (author)
  • In-situ electrochemical synthesis of heteroatoms-doped reduced graphene oxide toward nonradical degradation of tetracycline
  • 2023
  • In: Chemical Engineering Journal. - 1385-8947. ; 471
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Nonradical-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) catalyzed by defective carbonaceous materials have exhibited great superiorities in trace antibiotics removal from natural water matrices. However, the complicated, extensive and highly-energy consumed synthesis methods are seriously hindering its development and application. Herein an in-situ electrochemical synthesis technology was developed and N/B/F-codoped RGO was assembled on the Ti foam effectively by using ionic liquid (IL) as the heteroatoms parents. Other benefits of the IL including anti-RGO agglomeration, suppressing hydrolysis side reaction and reducing internal resistance were also demonstrated. Based on the diverse substrates exploration and comprehensive characterizations, adsorption and desolvation of the water molecules around IL-GO was found the two critical procedures for GO reduction and heteroatoms-doping. Hydrophilicity and porosity are the two essential properties for substrate selection. The solvent substitute experiments indicated electrochemical reduction of GO is a proton-mediated electron transfer reaction and the protons come from the solvent. Remarkable heteroatoms content was obtained from −1.0 V ∼ -1.2 V within 30 min under normal temperature and pressure. The degradation performance of N/B/F-codoped RGO was examined in an electrochemical system without any chemical additive. 93.0 % of trace tetracycline (5 mg L-1) was removed at −0.6 V within 60 min and the corresponding TOC removal efficiency was 40 %. Electron transfer efficiency can be even improved in the natural water matrices. The degradation mechanism investigation suggested that N/B/F-codoped RGO is able to simultaneously catalyze two nonradical pathways including electron transfer and singlet-dominated AOP. This work provides a highly effective, green and low-cost nonradical-based AOP technology for controlling antibiotics pollution in the environmental water matrices.
  •  
47.
  • Sun, Yaoran, et al. (author)
  • Bendable, ultra-black absorber based on a graphite nanocone nanowire composite structure
  • 2015
  • In: Optics Express. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 1094-4087. ; 23:15, s. 20115-20123
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A bendable ultra-black material consisting of graphite nanocones and nanowires is fabricated through a simple plasma etching process. The optical properties of the absorber are characterized in the wavelength range of 400-2000 nm with average specular reflectance 0.05 +/- 0.03% at normal incidence and the material thickness is only around 5 mu m. The reflectance of the absorber remains low at large incident angles and is relatively independent of polarization. Simulations confirm the cooperative effect of the nanowires and nanocones leading to an ultra-black thin carbon material.
  •  
48.
  •  
49.
  • Sun, Ya-Nan, et al. (author)
  • Synergetic contribution of nitrogen and fluorine species in porous carbons as metal-free and bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries
  • 2021
  • In: Applied Catalysis B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 297
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • High-efficient bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are critical to the practical application of zinc–air batteries. Herein, a comprehensive investigation on the synergetic contribution of nitrogen (N) and fluorine (F) species in porous carbon for ORR/OER catalyses is firstly conducted. The metal-free N, F co-doped porous carbon (NFPC) possesses appealing catalytic activities in zinc–air batteries and is superior to many other catalysts. Combined with the careful exploration of N and F dopants, seventeen optimized carbon cluster structures with all possible co-doping of N and F species are considered for density functional theory calculations. It can be inferred that the F doping with graphitic and pyridinic N triggers active paramagnetic centers. The co-doping of covalent F and graphitic N especially gives the lowest free energy barrier for both ORR/OER, which could account for the notable performance of NFPC catalysts in zinc–air batteries.
  •  
50.
  • Sun, Yunfei, et al. (author)
  • Prey selection of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876) (Brachyura: Portunidae) foraging on bivalves
  • 2017
  • In: Journal of Crustacean Biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0278-0372 .- 1937-240X. ; 37:5, s. 521-528
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Predators may be exposed to different prey types simultaneously, and so may select certainprey types over others. We examined prey selection, predation rate, and foraging behaviourof the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876) provided with three types of clams, the Manila Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850), bloody Scapharca subcrenata (Lischke,1896), and hard Meretrix meretrix (Linnaeus, 1758) clams in laboratory experiments. When provided will all three possible prey simultaneously, crabs exhibited higher preference for R. philippinarum over S. subcrenata and M. meretrix (Chesson’s selectivity index; P = 0.003). In the single-prey experiments, predation rates were signifcantly higher on R. philippinarum and S. subcrenata than on M. meretrix (P = 0.002). Video analysis revealed that prey type signifcantly affected both the proportion of time crabs spent on searching, and the probability of consumption upon capture. The proportion of time crabs spent on handling (P = 0.171), the encounter rate (P = 0.918), and the probability of capture upon encounter (P = 0.456), however, were not signifcantly affected by prey types. Handling time per prey was not signifcantly different among clam species. For the crab, prey proftability (energy intake perunit handling time) of R. philippinarum was similar to that of S. subcrenata, in both cases being signifcantly higher than that of M. meretrix (P ﹤ 0.001). The relative frequencies of changing from searching to handling were significantly higher for M. meretrix than for R. philippinarum and S. subcrenata (P = 0.007). These results suggest that the probability of consumption upon capture explained the observed selection by crabs. Furthermore, prey proftability, shell strength, and shell width, are important elements to affect prey selection of the crab.
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